Module Code & Module Title

CC4057NI Introduction to Information Systems

Assessment Weightage & Type

30% Individual Coursework

Year and Semester

2019-20 Autumn

Student Name: Pranchee Singh

Group: L1C16
London Met ID:
College ID: np01cp4s200053
Assignment Due Date: 13 March 2020
Assignment Submission Date: 13 March 2020

I confirm that I understand my coursework needs to be submitted online via Google Classroom under the
relevant module page before the deadline in order for my assignment to be accepted and marked. I am
fully aware that late submissions will be treated as non-submission and a marks of zero will be awarded.
This assignment includes 5 questions which are as follows:
1. What is an Information System? Write down your understandings. Give suitable
examples where required.
2. What are databases? What is the role of a database in an organization? Write
down your understandings with suitable examples where required.
3. Select an organization of your choice and design a database for it. Explain your
database design:
a. What is the database about?
b. What each entity (table) represents?
c. What each attribute (column) represents? What kind data do they store?
d. Which attributes (columns) are the primary keys and the reasons for selecting
them?
e. Which attributes (columns) are the foreign keys and how they form the
relationship between 2 tables?

4. Draw an entity-relationship diagram (ERD) for the database you have designed
in question 3.
5. Write a personal reflection (max. 800 words) of the learning process up to the
moment. You may wish to summarize your thoughts on the following points
• Your preparation for the subject before you started the module
• Your expectations from the module when you started it
• Looking back, were you able to meet those expectations
• How are you coping with the requirements, are you managing it
• What are your current difficulties; if any, what do you think you need to do to get
the most out of this module
Contents
 Introduction to information system..............................................................................1
1.1 Components of information system.........................................................................1
1.2 Role of information system......................................................................................2
 DATABASE..................................................................................................................3
2.1 Propose of database system are.............................................................................3
2.3 Role of database in an organization........................................................................3
 Database of an organization.......................................................................................4
3.1 What is the database about?...................................................................................4
3.2 What each entity (table) represents?.......................................................................4
3.3What each attribute (column) represents? What kind of data do they store?..........5
3.4 Which attribute (column) are primary key and what are the reasons for selecting
them?.............................................................................................................................7
3.5 Which attribute (columns) are the foreign keys and how do they form the
relationships between table?.........................................................................................7
4. ER Diagram...................................................................................................................7
4.1 ER in tabular form....................................................................................................7
4.2 Scenario of ER diagram...........................................................................................8
Figure 1

List of Figures

Figure 1..............................................................................................................................4
Figure 2 (justgentile, 2010)................................................................................................3
Figure 3: (NAMDEV, 2018)................................................................................................5
Figure 4: ER diagram.......................................................................................................10

List of Tables

Table 1...............................................................................................................................8
Table 2...............................................................................................................................9
Table 3...............................................................................................................................9
Table 4...............................................................................................................................9
Table 5...............................................................................................................................9
Table 6...............................................................................................................................9
CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

 1. Introduction to information system

Numerous affiliations works with great deal of data. Data are basic qualities and sifted
through in database. Number of people consider data and information similar, however,
information consist of data which is sorted to respond to question and solve issues.
Information system is an integrated set of components which collects, stores and
processes data and gives organizational information, knowledge and digital products.
The main propose of information system is to change crude information into supportive
form.[ CITATION Sca19 \l 1033 ]

1.1 Components of information system

 Hardware: These are physical components such as monitor, CPU, keyboard,
printer, etc.
 Software: These are program to organize, process and examine information.
 Databases: These are the organized data into tables and records.
 Network: Different components are associated with each other when wide range
of individuals in an association utilize a similar information system.
 People: These describe how people handle data and investigate to find solution
for which information system is analysed.

Figure 1.1[CITATION Jai19 \l 1033 ]

1.2 Role of information

system

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

The role of information of information system area as follows:

 Information system has played major role in transferring data and sharing
knowledge and idea about various fields.
 Information system also help in expanding business through online marketing
and giving online platform for advertisements.
 Information system also provide security to the database and also help in the
development of personal skills too.
 Information system has also contributed in the development of human resources.
 This helps in data storing and analysis which further help in competitive fields.

Figure 2[ CITATION jus10 \l 1033 ]

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

 2. DATABASE
Data is simply fact what we see every day and later utilize as information. Database is
composed assortment of information which is stored and accessed electronically from
PC system. Database are organized to encourage the capacity, recovery, adjustment
and erasure of data in different data handling activities. Database management system
is a software that separate data from database in response to queries.[ CITATION
Kev19 \l 1033 ]

2.1 Propose of database system are

-Databases are required for the atomicity of updates. Examples transfer of funds from
one account to another may or may not happen.
-Databases are also needed for the concurrent access by multiple users.
-In order to solve problems regarding security too, databases has played a vital role. It
only allows authorized user to access a particular database.
-In early days, data were stored in multiple files, in order to make correction too one has
to overwrite which were complicated to understand.

2.3 Role of database in an organization

Database play a vital role to make an organization a “well managed” organization. It
also user to access a particular data more easily and quickly. Some of the most
important role of database in an organization are as follows:
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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

-Databases act as principal component in an information system as it is basis for

providing an information. For example: In telecommunication, databases are used to
keep records of calls, text and messages, generating monthly bills and so on.
-Due to database, web based services has also got platform as online advertisement.
Online retailers can keep record of order, customized recommendations, etc.
-It is also used to determine the quality of information correctly and quickly. For
example: In enterprise information:
In sales- Databases are used in sales to keep record of costumers, products, purchase,
etc.
In accounting- To keep the record of payments, receipts and assets.
In job centres - To keep the information of job, employees, salaries, payroll taxes and so
on.

Figure 3:[ CITATION PRI18 \l 1033 ]

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

-Databases helps in data redundancy. It helps to overcome duplicate data and prevents
overwriting too.
-Similarly, multiple user can access through same databases. So, it allows multiple user
to perform same task and save time.
- Databases also provide security and data protection. Risk of theft are reduces too as
only authorized user can access the particular data.
Thus, for a rapid growth in any organization, database act as backbone as it helps in
rapid creation, modification and retrieval of data/records of organization.

 3. Database of an organization
3.1 What is the database about?
The database is about “Hospital management system” where many patients undergoes
severe disorder and each disorder has their own treatment. For each treatment, patients
are taken to particular department and treatment has its own cost. For each department
number of doctors are assigned to carry out treatment. Here the database contains
information of patients along with their disorder, treatment for disorder, cost for
treatment, hospital department and doctors assigned for treatment.

3.2 What each entity (table) represents?

Entity is an object that exists and has own distinct existence. It consists of set of
attribute in it. It is represented by rectangle in ER diagram. In the above database, there
are six entity: patient, operation, treatment, cost, hospital department and doctors.
 Patient: patient consists of detail of patient which contain all information of patient
who have severe disorder in hospital. It contains personal information like first
name, last name, address, contact number, patient id, etc. which can be used to
identify them.
 Disorder: disorder consists of detail of the disease that patient undergoes. It
consists of information of disorder like disease name, treatment id, patient id
 Treatment: treatment consist of the information of treatment of which patient
undergoes. It includes treatment id, doctor id, treatment name, etc.

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

 Hospital department: It consists of separate department where only particular

treatment can take place. It includes department like burn department, trauma
department, emergency, etc.
 Doctors: It contains all the information of doctor that which department they
belong to. It include their name, department, id, etc.
 Cost: Cost represents the price of each treatment through which the patient
undergoes. It include treatment id and price.

3.3What each attribute (column) represents? What kind of data do they store?
Attributes are the properties possessed by entity. They are represented by ellipse.
In above database each entity has their own attribute.
The patient entity contains following attribute:
i. Patient id- This attribute represent a value which are given to patients to identify them
uniquely. These values represent the patients and stores integer data type.
ii. First Name- This attribute represent the first name of the patients. This stores
VARCHAR data type.
iii. Last Name- This attribute represent the last name of the patients. This also stores
VARCHAR data type.
iv. Contact number- This attribute represents the contact number of the patient. This
stores integer data type as each patient has unique phone number.
The disorder entity has following attributes:
i. Disorder id-This attribute represents the disease that a patient is suffering
through. This stores VARCHAR data type.

ii. Treatment id- This attribute represents the treatment given to a patient to cure
disorder. This stores integer data type.

iii. Patient id- This attribute represents the patient who has unique identity. This
stores integer data type.

The treatment entity has following attributes:

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

i. Treatment name- This attribute represents the name of treatment given to

patient. This stores VARCHAR data type.

ii. Treatment id- This attribute represents the treatment given to a patient to cure
disorder. This stores integer data type.

iii. Doctor id- This attribute represents the unique identity of doctor who gives
treatment. This stores integer data type.

The cost entity has following attributes:

i. Treatment id- This attribute represents the type of treatment given to patient.
This stores integer data type.

ii. Cost- This attribute represents the price of treatment given to patient. This
stores integer data type.

The hospital department entity has following attributes:

i. Department name- This attribute represents the name of the department
where the treatment is carried out. This stores VARCHAR data type.

ii. Department id-This attribute represents particular department. This stores

integer data type.

The doctor entity has following attributes:

i. Doctor name- This attribute represents name of the doctor. This stores
VARCHAR data type.

ii. Doctor id- This attribute represents the unique identity of doctors. This stores
integer data type.

iii. Department id- This attribute represents which department do doctors belong
to. This stores integer data type.

3.4 Which attribute (column) are primary key and what are the reasons for
selecting them?

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

In the first table ‘Patient id’ is the primary key as it does not permit values to repeat
twice or more and not even null value. Similarly, in disorder table, disorder id is primary
key which has unique value which separate it from other. In treatment table, treatment id
represents the primary key and has different table. Also in doctor id is primary key as
each doctor has their own unique identity which does not match with other doctor.

3.5 Which attribute (columns) are the foreign keys and how do they form
the relationships between table?
The given database table contains four foreign keys. The disorder table contains two
foreign keys (Patient id and treatment id). The patient id of the disorder table represents
patient id of the patient table which is primary key. Likewise, the treatment id of disorder
table represents the treatment id of treatment table which is primary key. Treatment
table also contains doctor id as foreign key which relates doctor id (primary key) of
doctor table. Lastly the cost table contains treatment id as foreign key and this shows
the relation between treatment and cost table.

4. ER Diagram
4.1 ER in tabular form
 The tabular form of database is represented below along with entity
relationship diagram.
 Databases in the form of table with some examples are listed below-

Patient detail
Patient id First name Last name address Contact no
01 Piyush Gautam Biratnagar 9815314366
02 Rakhee Singh Kadmaha 9842254211
03 Subodh Kumar Lalitpur 9876055402
Table 1

Disorder table
Disorder id Patient id Treatment id
1000 03 071
1001 01 073
1002 02 072
Table 2

Treatment table
Treatment id Treatment name Doctor id
071 Physiotherapy 555

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

072 Dialysis 556

073 Surgery 557
Table 3

Hospital department table

Department name Department id
Burn department 202
Surgery department 203
Emergency 204
Table 4

Doctor table
Doctor id Doctor name Department id
555 Dr Raj kumar 204
557 Dr Gunjan 202
556 Dr Puja 203
Table 5

Cost table
Treatment id Price
071 10000
072 20000
073 50000
Table 6

4.2 Scenario of ER diagram

A patient goes to a hospital who have several disorders. For every disorder, particular
treatment was suggested to a patient. Certain cost was applied to a particular treatment
and for that particular treatment patient was admitted to separate hospital department.
Each department had their own several doctors assigned for treatment.

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

Figure 4: ER diagram

5. Personal Reflection

Before starting this module (Introduction to information system) I was really confused
what to do. I was not familiar with this topic before. I went through several websites, did
sufficient research, went through lecture slides and had some glimpse of articles
published on newspaper too. By the joint effort of Module leader, Mr. Sukrit Sakya,
lecturer Mr. Bibek Raj Joshi and tutor Mr. Bijay Gautam, I became able to understand
about this module.
Not only me most of the students were confused. Just after two weeks our
assignment was released too. We were compelled too to gather more information about

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CC4057NI Introduction to Information System

this. We started consulting teachers, seniors and even some ideas. We were already
informed about plagiarism so we exchanged ideas not answers. It was really difficult for
me as it was completely unknown topic and I was not quite familiar with it. I was in
dilemma that whom should I ask or seek help with. All around it was new faces no any
faces similar with people whom I know before. Starting coursework was biggest
challenge for me. I even do not know how to do citation and referencing and then my
friends consoled a lot that I can do it. Thanks to all friends and tutors who believed I can
do this. We collected much information as we need and ready for the module. Here are
four modules: Programming, logic and problem solving, computer hardware and
software architecture and introduction to information system. The released assignment
was of introduction to information system. One week was utilized for collecting the
resources and then started to write on another week only. This coursework contains
30% of our final grade. When I started this module, I thought it would just be for
theoretical knowledge. I thought it would be same as that of MS EXCEL as in our school
level and I was not expecting that these module would take such a turn that it could be
utilized for research propose too. I had never investigated about information so deeply.
This coursework compelled me to do research and I am so glad that I did. I came to
know so much interesting facts. I had never analysed that information system have such
a vast field. After getting my module, I was really worried that I would ever be able to
catch knowledge about this. But thanks to that management system of college that the
classes were conducted in LTW pattern and it became easier for student. Lectures
slides were also provided through google classroom. Friendly environment and much
interaction with teacher it is easier to meet our expectations. Most of the expectations
are fulfilled. But there was difficulty in making databases and doing programming. I was
not used to do programming before and I was from science background so I got a lots of
difficulty. I meet the new generation of information technology. No idea about the
modules and assignments and then I preferred internet. But not all websites proved to
be useful, some stored wrong information too. Being selective and genuine I am able to
know basic concept about information technology. Now I am able to do assignment. I
learned to write a simple java program, gain knowledge about information technology,
able to solve logic programming and know the major and minor parts of computer, able

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to fix minor problems too along with the identification of computer parts. After all this, I
think it is not all enough I need to do more research because more I do research more I
will be sufficient to compete in this era. Well, I have been dedicated in this field and I am
enjoying it a lot.
Despite of all this hard work and guidance from tutors give me strength and
courage. My colleagues helped me too. By the joint effort of all I am able to submit my
assignment now. Thanks to the Islington college department who believed in us and
provide us platform and believed that we can do this assignment. This has bring a lot of
change in student’s behaviour. The concept of assignment encourage student to be
more creative and responsible. So this is an amazing platform provided to us. I am very
grateful that I am involved in this field. Overcoming of difficulties gives pleasure too.
Overall, I had a great experience while going through all modules and doing
coursework. Thank you.

Bibliography
Jain, S., S. G., D. S. & S. B., 2019. geeksforgeeks. [Online]
Available at: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/components-of-information-system/
[Accessed 06 march 2020].
justgentile, 2010. https://www.writework.com/essay/role-information-systems. [Online]
Available at: https://www.writework.com/essay/role-information-systems
[Accessed 12 march 2020].
Kevin Ferguson, A. L. a. A. H., 2019. searchsqlserver. [Online]
Available at: https://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/database
[Accessed 13 march 2020].

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NAMDEV, P., 2018. idslogicindia.wordpress. [Online]

Available at: https://idslogicindia.wordpress.com/2018/05/07/role-of-database-
management-system-in-an-organization/
[Accessed 13 march 2020].
Scalia, S., 2019. study.com. [Online]
Available at: https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-are-information-systems-definition-
types-quiz.html
[Accessed 13 march 2020].

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THANK YOU!!

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