Haliç University

Experiment No.1

By: Ahmad Abboud

Department: Computer Engineering
Student number: 20091010071

BASIC OPERATION, MEASUREMENT, ERROR

CALCULATION AND GRAPH DRAWING.

Date: 25/11/2020
Purpose:

• To learn about micrometers and calipers, and how to use them.

• Being able to do error calculations and fix said errors.
• Learning how to draw a graph and how to find R0, α and resistance-
temperature equation.

Procedure:

1. We measure the metal cylinder’s diameter (R) and height (h) with a
caliper, convert mm to m and write the result in Table 1.1. Then we
calculate the metal cylinder’s volume (Vcylinder = πr2h) and write it in
Table 1.1. After that we measure the metal cylinder’s mass with a
digital scale and convert g to kg. Then we calculate the density (𝑑 = 𝑚/𝑉)
of the metal cylinder and write it in Table 1.1.

2. We measure the diameter of the sphere 5 times (due to it having an

uneven shape), convert it to m and write it in Table 1.2. Then we
calculate the mean of the measurements and find the standard deviation
of the diameter.
Afterwards we measure the mass of the sphere with a digital scale and
write it in Table 1.2.

3. We calculate the density of the sphere using the volume (Vsphere = 4/3πr3)
and the mass of the object.

4. We draw the graph of the change of resistant and temperature on a

graph. After that we find the R 0, α and resistance temperature equation
and write them in Table 1.4.
Results:
Table 1.1

The Properties of Cylinder Unit (SI) Data

Radius (R/2) m 0,01615 m
Height (h) m 0,03292 m
Volume (V) m3 0,000026 m3
Mass (m) kg 0,0499 kg
Density (d) (kg/m3) 1919,23 kg/m3

Table 1.2

1st Measurement (m) 0,01935m

2nd Measurement (m) 0,01934m
Diameter of 3rd Measurement (m) 0,01932m
the Sphere
4th Measurement (m) 0,01934m
5th Measurement (m) 0,01932m
Mean of the Diameter (m) 0,01933m
Standard Deviation of the Diameter (m) 0,0000000002m
Diameter of the Sphere (R) (m) 0,01933 ± 1,4142

Radius of the Sphere (r = R/2) (m) 0,00966 ±1,0307

Volume of the Sphere (V) (m3) 0,04 m3

Mass of the Sphere (kg) 0.0278kg
Density of the Sphere (d) (kg/m3) 0,6 kg/m3
Calculations:
• In order to convert mm to m we need to divide it by 1000.
• To get the volume of the cylinder we need to use the following formula:
Vcylinder = πr2h.

• To get kg from g we need to also divide it by 1000.

• To get the mean value of the given measurements we have to divide the
sum of the measurements by the count of the measurements.
• To get the standard deviation value we have to use the following
formula: σ = √[∑(x – mean)^2/ (N - 1)]
Graph:

Table 1.4
Resistance at 0 °C (𝑅0) Temperature coefficient (𝛼) Resistance - Temperature
equation
-4,5 -8,3 R = -4,5 (1 + (-8,3)T)
Calculations:

• Slope (m) = tanα = 120 / 3,2 = 37,5

• 37,5 = R0α = -4,5α --> α = - 8,3

Evaluations:
According to our measurements and calculations we obtained that:

• The radius of the metal cylinder is 0,01615m

• The height of the metal cylinder is 0,03292m
• The mean value of the diameter is 0,01933m
• The mass of the metal cylinder is 0,0499kg
• The mass of the sphere is 0,0278kg

The sphere was measured five times due to it not having a perfect shape.
We learned how to calculate standard deviation and why it’s necessary.
Questions:
1. If those units were used during measurements it would make it harder
to convert them, thus we would get more errors and likely not find the
true answer.
2. Answer: When we calculate the metal cylinder’s volume, because π has
2 significant digits after the comma, the answer (volume) also has 2
significant number after comma, so when we calculate the density of
the metal cylinder, because the volume has 2 significant digits after the
comma, again, the answer (density) also has 2 significant digits after the
comma. And when we calculate the volume of the sphere because π has
2 significant digits after the comma, the answer (volume) has 2
significant digits too. And because the volume has 2 significant digits
after the comma, again, the answer (density) has 2 significant digits.
Also when we calculate the standard deviation of the diameter, and
diameter of the sphere, there was too many digits that we can’t count so
it denoted by “E”. But because the other numbers in the result have 4
significant digits after the comma, it’s enough when we write only 4
significant digits.

Experimental Errors:
We had to measure the sphere 5 times with the micrometer so it has 5
different diameter values.
The reason why we did this is because the sphere has an uneven shape, and to
find the most accurate value we found the mean of the results which is the
closest value to sphere’s diameter.
References:
Prof. Dr. Oya OĞUZ, Prof. Dr. Ömer OĞUZ, Dr. Serpil CIKIT, Teach.
Assist. Burcu GÜLERYÜZ, Lab. Assist. Ümmühan DURSUN, Physic
Laboratory I Experiments, Haliç University, 2020, 16-22

Written by: Ahmad Abboud