Date: April, 22 2021

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Effect on Socio-economics • War has long-term physical and psychological harm on people, likewise it causes reduction in material, human
capital and heavy economic costs – loss of buildings, infrastructure, a decline within the working population, uncertainty, chaos, increase in
debt and disruption to normal economic activity. • This successively affects the local public. Several people die, get seriously injured and or
become homeless, poverty among the people increases, deteriorating living conditions lead to many health declines. • Moreover, resources
are mostly worn-out during war and most of the country’s economy goes into military weapons and other defensive arms. • Hunger and
starvation rise because the little to no food resources get wasted or ran down during war and there's not enough for everybody. • Along with
this, educational institutions, trade, order, law and government stability suffer immensely. Geopolitics • Geopolitics is the study of how
geography influences politics and also the relations between countries. • Geopolitics and war are complementary terms. Example • Increase
of tensions between Saudi Arabia and Iran that resulted in an exceeding price of oil World War 1 • World War 1 also referred to as ‘the
Great War’ or ‘a war to finish all wars’, was fought between the Central Powers and the Allied Powers. • Germany, Austria-Hungary,
Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire were the Central Powers. • The Allied Powers were USSR, Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, Romania, and
the US. • The US fought on the side of the Allies after 1917. Cause • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was
the immediate cause of WWI. • The Black Hand, a Serbian-nationalist terrorist group, sent groups to assassinate the Archduke in June
1914. Result • On Veterans' Day, 1918, Germany had surrendered, and all nations had agreed to cease fire. • Germany and Allied Nations
signed the Treaty of Versailles on June 28, 1919, formally ending the war. Aftermath • WWI caused the disintegration of the Four Empires. •
Old countries were obliterated. • New countries were formed. • Boundaries were amended. • International organizations were set-up. •
Many new and old ideologies became solidified in people's minds. • World War I also caused the political transformation in Germany, Great
Britain, and Turkey i.e. 1919, 1918 and 1923 elections respectively. World War II World War II, also called Second warfare, was a conflict
that theoretically included every part of the planet during the years 1939-45. • The main combatants were the Axis powers and the Allies. •
Mainly, Germany, Japan, and Italy were the Axis powers. • The Allies were France, Great Britain, the US, the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics, and, to a lesser extent, China. Outbreak • On September 1, 1939, Poland was invaded from the west by Hitler. • On September
3, 1939, France and Britain declared war on Germany which successively began war II. • On September 17, 1939, Poland was invaded
from the east by Soviet Union. Cause Major causes of war II were:- • Aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles following WWI. • The worldwide
economic depression. • Failure of agreement. • The increase of imperialism in Germany and Japan. • The failure of the League of Nations.
Outcome War in Europe concluded with:- • German-occupied territories were liberated. • Germany was invaded by the Western Allies. • The
USSR occupied Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, Poland and eastern Germany. • Germany and Berlin was divided into four occupation zones
by Great Britain, the US France, and USSR to be administered by the four countries simultaneously. Effect Following were the results of
war II:- 1. The European Age came to an end. 2. The US rose to superpower status. 3. The Soviet Union expanded and rise to superpower
status. 4. Cold War emerged. Aftermath In the wake of the war:- • Millions of individuals died. • Millions of individuals were homeless. • The
European economy had completely collapsed. • Much of the European industrial infrastructure had been destroyed and annihilated. • The
Soviet Union was greatly affected.