1).

Pelvic infection is a general term that is usually used to describe the condition or condition in
which the pelvic organs (uters, fallopian tubes or ovaries) are attacked by pathogenic
microorganisms. These organisms are usually bacteria, they multiply and produce an inflammatory
reaction. (Ben-zion Taber, 1994).

Pelvic Inflamatory Disease is a collection of inflammation in the upper genital tract by various
organisms, which can attack the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries and myometrium
percontinuitally or haematogenously or as a result of sexual intercourse. (Yani, 2009; p. 45)

2). Types:

A.endometritis

Inflammation and infection of the endometrium.

B.Salpingitis

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

Symptoms:

Symptoms in PID range from none to severe. Sometimes you may not have any obvious symptoms.
You may have one or more of the following, which can vary from mild to severe:

1. Smelly or unusual vaginal discharge

2. Pain in the power abdomen that is usually on both sides and can feel like period pains

3. Pain deep inside siring or after sex

4. Vaginal bleending in between periods, bleeding after sex, or heavy periods

5. Nausea and vomiting

6. Faver

7. Low backache

Other complications include endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, pelvic peritonitis,

periappendicitis, and perihepatitis.

Cause:

Pelvic inflammatory disease occurs when there is an infection of the lower genital tract, which
spreads upward through the cervix. It can take days or weeks for a woman to develop pelvic
inflammatory disease. The most common causes of bacteria are N. Gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia
trachomatis, which cause inflammation and tissue damage, causing various bacteria from the cervix
and vagina to infect the area. Both of these bacteria are germs that cause STDs. The process of
menstruation can facilitate infection due to loss of the endometrial lining which reduces the defense
of the uterus, and provides a good medium for bacterial growth (menstrual blood).

Acute PID is inflammation of the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and pelvic area caused by an
infection. If left untreated, it can cause abdominal pain and fertility problems in the future.

Sometimes the inflammation can persist for a long time and this is known as chronic PID.

Treatment:

Treatment is often started without confirmation of infection because of the serious complications
that my result from delayed treatment. Treatment depends on the infectious agent and generally
involves the use of antibiotic therapy although there is no clear evidence of which antibiotic regimen
is more effective and save in the management of PID. If there is no improvement within two to three
days, the patient is typically advised to seek further medical attention. Hospitalization sometimes
becomes necessary if there are other complications. Treating sexual partners for possible STIs can
help in treatment and prevention

For women with PID of mild to moderate severity, parenteral and oral therapies appear to be
effective.