RECORDING

PRN - 202002160091
NAME- NEHA PANDEY
SUBJECT-QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES
REFLECTION
TOPIC- PROBABILITY

REPORT

DАTE-06/12/2020
REFLECTION NO: 4

Fаculty Nаme- PROF. PRASHANT UBARHANDE

Designаtion

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PROBABILITY 
Probability 
Probability is the extend up to which the possibility of an event exists. Probability also be called as
chance of happening an event. 
In tossing a coin there are two possible outcomes (Head and Tail) 
Therefore, n=2 
Favorable events =m 
Probability =m/n 
For heads, m=1, n-=2 
Probability =1/2=50% 
Similarly, for cards, a pack of card(n) = 52 
Probability of red, n=26, m=52 
P=26/52=50% 
Event or Trial 
It is the outcome of an experiment. It is also called as cases. Equally likely: The outcomes of an
event are called as equally likely if any one of them doesn’t occur in preference of others events. 
 
Mutually exclusive 
It is the occurrence of an event that exclude the happening of certain other event. 
Example: In tossing of coin, if head appears it includes the appearance of tails. 
 
Exhaustive event 
It is the set of possible events. 
Example: if we toss a coin {(H,H),(T,T), 
(H,T),(T,H)} has following possible but in experiment it may occur {(H,T),(H,H)} 
 
Sample space 
It is all the possible outcomes of an experiment. 
For coin (H,T), for dice {1,2,3,4,5,6} 
 
Independent event 
It is the probability of occurrence of an event is not related to occurrence of any other events. 
   
Dependent event 
If the probability of occurrence of an event is dependent on other event than it is called as
dependent event. 

Simple event 
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A simple event is an event where all possible outcomes are equally likely to occur. So the
probability of simple events will have all possible outcomes equally likely to happen or occur. For
example, when you toss a coin, there are two possible outcomes – heads or tails, and the
probability of heads or tails is equal. 
 
Compound event 
A compound event is an event that has more than one possible outcomes. We have already seen
the simple events and other types of events. In a compound event, an experiment gives more than
one possible outcomes. These outcomes may have different probabilities but they are all equally
possible. 
 
Theorem of probabilities 
1. P(A∪B) = P(A∩B) 
                   = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) for mutually exclusive event. 
2. P(A&B) = P(A∩B) 
                   = P(A) * P(B/A) 
 
RANDOM VARIABLES

A random variable is a variable whose value is unknown or a function that assigns values to
each of an experiment's outcomes. Random variables are often designated by letters and can
be classified as discrete, which are variables that have specific values, or continuous, which
are variables that can have any values within a continuous range.

DISCRETE VARIABLES

Discrete variables are countable in a finite amount of time. For example, you can count the change
in your pocket. You can count the money in your bank account. You could also count the amount of
money in everyone’s bank accounts. It might take you a long time to count that last item, but the
point is—it’s still countable.

CONTINUOUS VARIABLES
Continuous Variables would (literally) take forever to count. In fact, you would get to “forever” and never
finish counting them. For example, take age. You can’t count “age”. Why not? Because it would literally
take forever. For example, you could be:
25 years, 10 months, 2 days, 5 hours, 4 seconds, 4 milliseconds, 8 nanoseconds and so on.

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