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Théorème de Thévenin

Exercice 1

Pour calculer le courant qui traverse R, on calcule ETh t RTh

Pour calculer ETh, on utilise le théorème de superposition

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ETh1 = UAB = UR3 + UR2 + UR4 (loi des mailles)

ETh1 = UR3 + UR2 (UR4 = 0 : circuit ouvert)

ETh1 = E x (R2 + R3) / (R1 + R2 + R3) (diviseur de tension)

ETh1 = 5V x 20 / 30 = 10V /3

ETh2 = UAB = UR1 + UR4 (loi des mailles)

ETh2 = UR1 (UR4 = 0 : circuit ouvert)

I1 = IR2 + IR3 (IR1 = IR2)

IR2 x (R1 + R2) = IR3 x R3 = I1 x [(R1 + R2) // R3]

IR1 = IR2 = I1 x R3 / (R1 + R2 + R3) (diviseur de courant)

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ETh2 = UR1 = IR1 x R1 = I1 x R1 x R3 / (R1 + R2 + R3)

ETh2 = 1mA x 10k x 10k / (10k +10k +10k) =10V / 3

ETh = ETh1 + ETh1 = 10V / 3 +10V / 3 = 20V / 3 ETh = 6,67V

RTh = RAB = R4 + R1 // (R2 + R3)

RTh = 10k + (10-1 (10+10)-1)-1k RTh = 16,67k

Exercice 2

1. on calcule Eth = UAB et Rth = RAB

Eth = UAB = UA - UB

UA = E x R2 / (R1 +R2) (diviseur de tension)

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UA = 10V x 100 / 200 = 5V

UB = E x R5 / ( R3 + R4 + R5)

UB = 10V x 25 / 100 = 2,5V

Eth = UAB = UA - UB = 5V – 2,5V Eth = 2,5V

Rth = RAB = (R1 // R2) + [R5 // (R3+R4)]

Rth = (100k // 100k) + (25k // 75k)

Rth = (100-1 + 100-1)-1k + (25-1+ 75-1)-1k Rth = 68,75k

2. pour R = 100 k

I = Eth / (Rth + R) = 2,5V / (68,75k + 100k) I= 14,81µA

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Exercice 3

1. on calcule Eth = UAB et Rth = RAB

Eth = UAB = UA - UB

UA = E1 x R2 / (R1 +R2) = 12V x 100 / 200 = 6V

UB = E2 x R4 / (R3 + R4) = 5V x 100 / 200 = 2,5V

Eth = UAB = UA - UB = 6V – 2,5V Eth = 3,5V

Rth = RAB = (R1 //R2) + (R3 // R4)

Rth = 100k // 100k +100k // 100k Rth = 100k

2. UR = Eth x R / (Rth + R)

UR = 3,5V x 100k / (100k + 100k) = 1,75V

PR = UR2 / R = (1,75V) 2 / 100k PR = 30,625µW

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Exercice 4

On utilise le théorème de Thévenin pour calculer le courant dans R.

1. on calcule Eth = UAB

On utilise la transformation triangle-étoile.

Triangle : R2, R3 et R4 Étoile : RA, RB et RC



Puisque R2 = R3 = R4 = 33k, RA = RB = RC = 33k / 3 = 11k

Eth = UAB = UR1 + URA + URC (loi des mailles)

Eth = UAB = UR1 + URA (URC = 0V : circuit ouvert)

Eth = UAB = E x (R1 + RA) / (R1 + RA + RB) (diviseur de tension)

Eth = 10V x (22k + 11k) / (22k + 11k + 11k) Eth = 7,5V

2. on calcule Rth = RAB

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Rth = RAB = [(R1 + RA) // RB] + RC = 33k // 11k + 11k Rth = 19,25k

3.

I = Eth / (Rth + R) = 7,5V / (19,25k + 10k) I = 256,4µA

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