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PRESSING A BUTTON.
ELECTRICAL TERMS
CIRCUIT – THE ELECTRICAL PATH ; REFERS TO THE WIRE INSTALLATION IN THE
ELECTRICITY - IS THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS; IS A NAME GIVEN TO THE CAUSE OF HOUSES THAT SUPPLIES CURRENT TO LIGHT & C.O.
ELECTRIC PHENOMENA OR MANIFESTATION. TYPES:
WILLIAM GILBERT - FATHER OF ELECTRICITY. 1. SERIES CKT – A CIRCUIT W/C SUPPLIES ELECTRIC POWER TO A NUMBER OF
PROTON - POSITIVELY CHARGED PARTICLES. DEVICES CONNECTED; METHOD OF CONNECTING LAMP.
ELECTRON - NEGATIVE CHARGE 2. PARALLEL CKT – ELECTRICAL WIRING CONNECTION;
NEUTRON - NOT ELECTRICALLY CHARGED
IONS - TERM APPLIED TO AN ATOM OR MOLECULES W/C IS NOT SHORT CIRCUIT – HIGH CURRENT FLOW CAUSED BY AN ABNORMAL CONNECTION
ELECTRICALLY BALANCE (THERE IS A LOSS OR GAIN OF ONE OR MORE ELECTRONS). IN AN ELEC’L CKT; WILL OCCUR WHEN FAULTY APPLIANCES OR EXPOSED
VOLTAGE - IS THE ELECTRICAL PRESSURE THAT CAUSES THE ELECTRONS TO MOVE WIRES TOUCH A CONDUCTOR.(CONTACT OF 2 LIVE WIRES.)
THRU A CONDUCTOR .
VOLTS - UNIT OF ELECT’L POTENTIAL; SMALL UNIT OF POWER IN ELECTRIC CURRENT; CONDUCTOR – ARE SUBSTANCES THAT CARRIES OR ALLOWS THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC
ELECTROMAGNETIC CURRENT; OFFERS LOW RESISTANCE TO THE FLOW OF ELEC’L CIRCUIT;
FORCE FLOOWING THE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE TEMINAL; UNIT OF EMF.
EMF - THE FORCE THAT MAKES ELECTRONS MOVE IN A CIRCUIT. INSULATOR – SUBSTANCES THAT RESIST THE FLOW OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT;
AMPERAGE - THEFLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT IN A CIRCUIT, EXPRESSED IN AMP. MAT’L USED TO STOP THE TRANSFER OF ELECTRICITY OR HEAT.
AMPERE - A UNIT OF THE RATE OF FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT (AN EMT OF 1 VOLT ACROSS A AMPACITY – THE ABILITY OF A CONDUCTOR TO CARRY ELECTRIC CURRENT W/O
RESISTANCE OF 1 OHM RESULTS IN A CURRENT FLOW OF 1 AMP) UNIT OF MEASURING OVERHEATING; IS A CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY.
ELECTRIC CURRENT.
CURRRENT - THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY IN AIRCUIT; RATE OF W/C ELECTRICITY FLOWS FEEDER – IS A CIRCUIT CONDUCTOR BET. THE SERVICE EQUIP’T & THE BRANCH
THRU A CODUCTOR . CIRCUIT OVER CURRENT DEVICE.
RESISTANCE - THE OPPOSITION OR FRICTION TO THE FLOW OF CURRENT (RECIPROCAL OF JUMPER – A PIECE OF METAL OR AN ELEC’L CONDUCTOR USSED TO BYPASS AN
ELECTRICCAL CONDUCTANCE.) ELECTRICAL DEVICE IN AN ELEC’L SYSTEM.
OHM - UNIT OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE. COPPER – ELECTRIC WIRE
RESISTOR - CONTROL THE FLOW OF CURRENT IN ELECT’L CIRCUIT. SILVER – BEST CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY
CAPACITOR - STORE ELECTRIC BATTERY . LEAD – POOREST CONDUCTOR OF ELECTRICITY
REOSTAT - CONTROL INTENSITY OF CURRENT FLOW . CORD – TERM GIVEN TO AN INSULATED WIRE
WIRES – AKA - CONDUCTOR
OHM’S LAW (GEORGE SIMON OHM’S) - RELATION BETWEEN PRESSURE CURRRENT WIRE – A FILAMEBNT OR SLENDER ROD OF DRAWN METAL (AWG#8 OR A
& RESISTANCE. SMALLER)
I = CURRENT (AMP) CABLE – LARGER THAN WIRE; AN ELECTRIC CONDUCTOR CONSISTING OF A
V = EMP (VOLT) GROUP OF A SMALLER –DIAMETER CONDUCTOR STRANDS TWISTED
RESISTANCE = RESISTANCE (OHM) TOGETHER.
CONDUIT – A TUBE OR PIPE USSED TO PROTECT ELECTRIC WIRING; IS A PIPE
BATTERY – A DEVICE CONSISTING OF SEVERAL CELLS CONNECTED TOGETHER & CONTAINING THE WIRES; A STEEL OR NON- METALIC PIPE INTO W/C
GENERATE EMF BY CHEMICAL ACTION. CABLES ARE DRAWNS ; PROTECT ELEC’L WIRING; PIPE COMMONLY
REGULATOR – A DEVICE USED TO REGULATE THE FLOW OF ELECTRICITY; CONTROLS USED AS ELECTRICAL RACEWAY FOR HODING WIRES.
THE FLOW OF CURRENT TO THE DISTRIBUTION ELEMENTS. RACEWAY – ARE CHANNELS DESIGNED FOR HOLDINGS WIRES, CABLES OR
ANNUNCIATOR – A SIGNALING DEVICE, USSUALLY ELECTRICALLY OPERATED, GIVING AN BUSBARS, W/C ARE EITHER MADE OF METAL OR INSULATING
AUDIBLE SIGNAL & A VISUAL INDICATION WHEN ENERGIZED BY MATERIAL
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BUSBAR – A RIGID ELEC’L CONDUCTOR, USUALLY A METAL BAR, HOLLOW PANEL BOARD – A LARGE SINGLE PANEL, FRAME OR ASSEMBLY OF PANELS IN THE
TUBE, OR ROD, W/C FORMS A CONNECTION BET. ELEC’L CIRCUITS. FORM OF SINGLE PANEL.
RIGID CONDUIT – ELECTRICAAL ROUGH – IN. SERVICE ENTRANCE – THE WIRE FROM THE MERALCO POLE TO THE POINT OF
CABLE TRAY – ASSEMBLY OF METAL WORKS W/C IS USED TO SUPPORT INSULATED ATTACHMENT OF THE BLDG. ; UNDERGROUND.
ELEC’L CONDUCTORS, SIMILAR IN FUNCTION TO AMETAL CABLE SERVICE DROP – WIRE FROM ENTRANCE CAP W/O MAIN SWITCH. ; OVERHEAD SERVICE
DUCTS BUT CONSISTING AF A LADDER LIKE METAL FRAME WORK ON CONDUCTOR BET. THE LAST POLE OR OTHER AERIAL SUPPORT.
THE BOTTOM & SIDE W/ THE TOP OPEN. LOCKNUT & BUSHING – METAL CONDUIT INSTALLATION.
OUTLETS – POINTS IN THE WIRING SYSTEM AT W/C CURRENT IS TAKEN TO SUPPLY ADAPTOR – PVC CONDUIT INSTALLATION.
UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT; AN OUTLET IS ANY POINT THAT SUPPLIES AN SOLENOID – COIL OF ELECTRIC WIRE
ELECTRIC ROD. SWITCH BOARD – A LARGE SINGLE ELECTRIC CONTROL PANEL, FRAME, OR ASSEMBLY
OF PANELS W/C ARE MOUNTED SWITCHES, PROTECTIVE DEVICES, BUSES,ETC.
KINDS:
1. C. O. ELETRICAL SYSTEM OF A BUILDING (SYSTEM COMPONENTS)
2. L.O. – INTENDED FOR DIRECT CONNECTION OF A LIGHTING FIXTURE. 1. WIRINGS – WIRES & CABLES
3. OUTLET – WHERE ONE OR MORE RECEPTACLES ARE INSTALLED. FEE DER (BIGGER CABLE)
RECEPTACLE – CONTACT DEVICES INSTALLED AT THE OUTLET FOR THE CONNECTION ELECTRICAL RACEWAY (BIG)
OF A SINGLE ATTACHMENT PLUG. CONDUIT (SMALL)
SWITCH – DEVICE W/ SERVES TO OPEN OR CLOSE THE ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.
JUNCTION BOX – MASTER & SLAVE STATION; A BOX W/ BANK COVER W/C SERVES THE 2. POWER HANDLING EQUIPMEMR
PURPOSE OF JOINING DIFF RUNS OF RACEWAY OR CABLE, & PROVIDED W/ a. TRNSFORMER
SUFFICIENT SPACE FOR CONNECTION & BRANCHING OF THE ENCLOSED b. CKT BREAKER
CIRCUIT. c. SWITVH BOARD
PULL BOX – A BOX W/ BLANK COVER W/C IS INSERTED IN ONE OR MORE RUNS OR d. FUSE BOX
RACEWAYS TO FACILITATE PULLING IN THE CONDUCTORS. (SAFETY) e. PANEL BOARD
UTILITY BOX – BOX USED FOR MOUNTING LIGHT CONTROL. 3. UTILIZATION EQUIPMENT
BRANCH CIRCUIT – THE CIRCUIT CONDUCTORS BET. THE FINAL OVERCURRENT DEVICE a. APPLIANCE – CONSUMES ELECTRICAL ENERGY
PROTECTING THE CIRCUIT & THE OUTLETS. b. DEVICE – DOES NOT CONSUME ELEC’L ENERGY
OVERCURRENT – ANY CURRENT IN EXCESS OF THE RATED CURRENT CAPACITY OF THE c. EQUIPMENT – MAT’LS, FITTING, DEVICES, APPLIANCES, FIXTURES,
EQUIP’T OR THE RATED AMPACITY OF THE CONDUCTOR. APPARATUS
d. FITTINGS – AN ACCESSORY.
PROTECTION FOR OVERCURRENT: CONDENSER – A DECVICE FOR STORING ELECTRICITY IN THE FORM OFELECTRIC
SAFETY SWITCH – PROTECTS EQUIP’T & APPLIANCES IN CASE OF CURREBT FUNCTUATION CAHRGE.
CIRCUIT BREAKER – IS AN OVERCURRENT PROTECTIVE DEVICE (FUNCTION AS A SWITCH) SHUNT – WHEN A CIRCUIT IS DIVIDED INTO TWO OR MORE BRANCHES; CONDUCTOR OF
EQUIPPED W/ AN AUTOMATIC TRIPPING DEVICE TO PROTECT THE BRANCH CIRCUIT EACH BRANCH TAKEN SEPARATELY.
FROM OVERLOAD & GROUND FAULT; SAFETY MEASURE AGAINST TOO MUCH PRESSURE. MICA – MAT’L W/C CAN STAND HIGH TEMPERATURE.
MEGER – LIMIT SURGE VOLTAGE ON EQUIPMENT.
FUSE – OVERCURRENT DEVICE W/ A CIRCUIT OPENING FUSIBLE ELEMENT W/C OPENS VETO – BRAND NAME FOR LIGHTING SWITCHES & C.O.
WHEN THERE IS AN OVERCURRENT IN THE CKT. (RENEWABLE OR ONE TIME) FITTINGS – AN ACCESSORY
FUSE – CONSIDERED AS THE SIMPLEST & MOST COMMON CKT PROTECTIVE DEVICE; EQUIPMENT – MAT’LS / FITTING; DEVICES, APPLIANCES, FIXTURES,APPARATUSES
CHEAPEST TYPE OF TIME AUTOMATIC CIRCUIT OPENING DEVICE. APPLIANCES – CURRENT- CONSUMING INSTRUMENT / EQUIPMENT.
DISTRIBUTION PANEL – AN EQUIP’T AT THE SERVICE ENTRANCE THAT SEND THE ELEC- ONE (1) HORSEPOWER = 746 WATTS.
TRICITY THRU THE HOUSE W/ BRANCH CIRUIT. WATT – RATE OF POWER USED (ENERGY CONSUMED); UNIT OF POWER ; VOLTS X
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AMPERE.
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT WIRE SIZE CONDUIT DIAMETER AMPACITY APPLICATION
1. DIRECT CURRENT (DC) – CURRENT W/C FLOWS IN ONLY ONE DIRECTION; No. SIZE (mm) INCHES MILLIMETER MAX.
FLOW OF CURRENT THAT TAKE PLACE AT CONSTANT TIME RATE. # 14 = 2.0 mm ½” = 15 mm diameter 20 AMP 6 – L.O & C.O.
2. ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) – FLOW OF CURRENT IS PERIODICALLY #12 = 3.5 mm ¼” = 20 mm diameter 30 AMP 8 – L.O.& C.O. / REF
VARYING IN TIME RATE & DIRECTION. #10 = 5.5 mm ¾” = 20 mm diameter 40 AMP ACU & MOTORS
POWER – EQUALS AMPERE x VOLTAGE #8 = 8.0 mm 1” = 25 mm diameter 55 AMP RANGE & MOTORS
ENERGY – POWER x TIME
FLEXIBLE METAL CLAD CABLE (BX) TH - MOISTURE RESISTANT THERMOPLASTIC
KILOWATT – EQUAL TO 1.34 HORSE POWER (HP) - MOST COMMON TYPE OF CABLE RUN THW – MOISTURE & HEAT RESISTANT
W/ O RACEWAY; NEC TYPE AC METAL THERMOPLASTIC (DRY & WET
CLAD CABLE. LOCATION)
KILOWATT-HOUR METER – AN INSTRUUMENT USED TO MEASURES THE ENERGY XHHN – MOISTURE & HEAT RESISTANT CROSS
CONSUMED OVER A PERIOD OF TIME. LINKED THERMOSETTING POLYETHELENE
WATTMETER – AN INST. THAT MEASURES THE AMT OF INSTANTANEOUS POWER CONVERSION : WIRE SIZE IN mm DIAMETER = CIRCULAR MILS x 0.0005067
OR POWER IN USE AT ANY ONE TIME; ELECTRIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENT.
AMMETER – USED TO MEASURE ELECTRIC CURRENT; DEVICE USED TO MEASURE RATE
OF FLOW OF ELECTRICITY. (HIGH INSUL. RESISTANCE) ACOUSTICS & LIGHTING
OHMMETER – AN INST. USED TO MEASURE THE RESISTANCE OF A CONDUCTOR.
VOLTMETER – AN INST. USED FOR MEASURING THE VOLTAGE DROP BET. ANY ACOUSTICS - THE SCIENCE OF SOUND, INCLUDING THE GENERATION, TRANSMISSION
TWO POINTS IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. & EFFECTS OF SOUND WAVES .
VOLTAGE DROP – THE DIFF. FROM EMF BET. 2 PTS IN AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT. SOUND - IS A SENSATION FELT BY THE BRAIN RESULTING FFROM THE DISTURBANCE OF
TRANSFORMER – A DEVICE TO CONVERT ELECT’L ENERGY INTO HIGHER OR LOWER MOLECULES IN THE AIR .
VOLTAGE; A DYNAMO ELECTRIC DEVICE USED FOR CHANGING ONE NOISE - UNPLEASANT & UNWANTED SOUND.
CURRENT TO ANOTHER ; DEVICE USED TO TRANSFORM AC OF ONE VOLTAGE ECHO - IS A DISTINCT, SEPARATE OR DELAXED SOUND HEARD, AS A RESULT OF
TO A.C. OF ANOTHER VOLTAGE. REFLECTION OF SOUND COMING FROM ANY SMOOTH WALLS OR SURFACES
RECTIFIER – A DEVICE USED TO CONVERTS AC TO DC CURRENT. - IS ASOUND WAVE THAT REFLECTED OR BOUNCED BACK W/ SUCH MAGNITUDE
GENERATOR – A DEVICE FOR ENERGY FROM MECH’L TO ELEC’L ENERGY; MACHINE & DELAY.
THAT CONVERTS MECH’L TO ELEC’L ENERGY. REVERBERATION - PROLONGATION OF SOUND CAUSED BY PERSISTENCE OF SOUND
MOTOR – A MACHINE W/C CONVERTS ELECTRIC POWER INTO MECH’L POWER. ENERGY W/IN A ROOM FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME .
ALTERNATOR – A DEVICE FOR GENERATING AN ALTERNATING EMF; IS A GENERATOR DECIBEL - MEASURE OF LOUDNESS OF SOUND; UNIT OF LOUDNESS OR ENERGY OF
OF AN AC. IT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY BY MEANS OF A ROTOR. SOUND
BRIGHTNESS - SUBJECTIVE IMPRESSION OF LIGHT REACHING THE EYE; RATE OF FLOW OF
RADIANT ENERGY EVALUATED W/ RESPECT TO THE VISCIAL SENSATION.
AVERAGE LOAD RATING IN WATTS DECAY TIME - REVERBERATION TIME
LUMEN - UNIT OF LUMINOUS FLUX; QUANTITY OF LIGHT MEASUREMENT; UNIT OF
LIGHT OUTLET 100w WASHING MACHINE 1,200w LIGHT ENERGY USED TO SPECIFY LIGHT OUTPUT OF SOURCES.
CONVENIENCE OUTLET 200w HAND IRON 1,700w LUMINOUS FLUX - THE TIME RATE OF FLOW OF LIGHT
RANGE 8,000w WATER PUMP 300w CANDELA - THE UNIT OF LUMINOUS INTENSIT; EQUAL TO ONE (1) CANDLEPOWER
REFRIGERATOR 800w WATER HEATER 1,500w CANDLEPOWER - LUMINOUS INTENSITY OR INTENSITY OF LIGHT PRODUCED BY LIGHT
ACU ¾ hp. 1,200w SOURCE MEASURED IN CANDELAS
ACU 1 ½ hp. 2,400w FOOTCANDLE - UNIT OF ILLUMINATION; UNIT MEASUREMENT OF LIGHT
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FOOTLAMBER - UNIT OF LUMINANACE; UNIT OF BRIGHTNES
ILLUMINANCE - THE DENSITY OF THE LUMINOUS FLUX INCIDENT ON A SURFACE 5 TYPES OF LIGHTING :
LUMINANCE (BRIGHTNESS) - THE LUMINOUS INTENSITY OF THE SURFACE IN A GIVEN 1. DIRECT – SHINES DIRE CTLY ON AN OBJECT.
DIRECTION PER UNIT OF PROJECTED AREA OF THE SURFACE AS VIEWED 2. INDIRECT – REFLECTED FROM LARGE SURFACES.
FROM THAT DIRECTION 3. SEMI-DIRECT – SHINES MAINLY DOWN AS DIRECT LIGHT.
LUX - UNIT OF LUMINANCE 4. SEMI- INDIRECT – SMALL PORTION OF SEMI-DIRECT LIGHT IS DIRECTED UPWARD.
INTENSITY - AMOUNT OF ENERGY OF SOUND 5. DIFFUSED – SPREAD EVENLY IN ALL DIRECTIONS.
LUMINAIRE - COMPLETE LIGHTING UNIT COSISTING OF LAMP OR LAMPS TOGETHER
W/ THE PARTS DESIGNED TO DISTRIBUTE LIGHT, TO POSITION & PROTECT
LIGHT, & CONNECT LAMPS TO POWER SUPPLY; A DEVICE OR FIXTURE W/C
SUPPORT THE SOURCE OF ELECTRIC LIGHT & REDIRECT IT THREE (3) METHODS OF GOOD LIGHTING
DIFFUSER - DEVICE TO REDIRECT OR SSCATTER THE LIGHT FROM A SOURCE 1. GENERAL LIGHTING – SPREADS AN EVEN, LOW LEVEL LIGHT THROUGHOUT A
REFLECTOR - DEVICE USED TO REDIRECT LIGHT FROM A SOURCE ROOM..
REFRACTOR - DEVISE USED TO REDIRECT RAY OF LIGHT 2. SPECIFIC (LOCAL) LIGHTING – DIRECTS LIGHT TO AN AREA USED FOR A
BAFFLE - OPAQUE OR TRANSLUCENT ELEMENT USED TO SHEILD LIGHT SOURCE SPECIFIC VISUAL TASK.
FROM DIRECT VIEW AT CERTAIN ANGLES 3. DECORATIVE LIGHTING – MAKES USE OF LIGHTS TO DEV’P DIFFERENT MOODS
LOUVERS - SERIES OF BAFFLES USED TO SHEILD LIGHT SOURCES AND TO ACCENT OBJECTS FOR INTEREST.
VALENCE - LONGITUDINAL SHEILDING MEMBER MOUNTED ACROSS THE TOP OF A
WINDOW OR ALONG A WALL TO CONCEAL LIGHT SOURCES W/C PROVIDE THREE (3) GROUPS OF LIGHT FIXTURES:
UP AND DOWN LIGHT 1. VALANCE – IS A LONG SOURCE OF LIGHT OVER A WINDOW. ITS LIGHTS
ACCENT LIGHT - DIRECTIONAL LIGHT W/C EMPHAZISES OBJECTS OR DRAWS ATTENTION ILLUMINATES THE WALL & DRAPERIES FOR THE SPACIOUS EFFECT
TO A PART OF VISUAL FIELD THAT DAYLIGHT GIVES A ROOM.
CORNICE LIGHTING - LIGHTING FROM SOURCES EBHIND PANEL TO WALL & ATTACHED 2. WALL BRACKET – BALANCES THE LIGHT OF A VALANCE. IT GIVES AN UPWARD
TO CEILING . (LIGHT IS DISTRIBUTED OVER WALLS) DOWNWARD WASH OF LIGHT DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN ON AN INNER
FLOOD LAMP - INCANDESCENT LAMP W/C PRODUCES A RELATIVELY WIDE BEAM OF WALL.
LIGHT 3. CORNICE – IS ATTACHED TO THE WALL & CAN BE USED W/ OR W/OUT DRAPES.
SOFFIT LIGHTING - LIGHTING FROM SURFACES IN UNDERSURFACES OF BEAM, BALCONY, ALL LGIHT FROM THIS FIXTURE IS DIRECTED DOWNWARD, TO GIVE
VAULT, ETC. AN IMPRESSION OF HEIGHT TO THE ROOM.
LAMP - MAN MADE SOURCE OF LIGHT
BULB OTHER ENVELOPE OF LIGHT SOURCE, USALLY QUARTS OR GLASS
CREEP - REFLECTION OF SOUND ON CURVED SURFACE TYPES OF CEILING FIXTURES: TYPES OF WALL FIXTURES:]
HUE - OTHER TERM FOR COLOR 1. RECESSED LIGHTING 1. COVE LIGHTING
SHADE - BLACK + P 2. ATTACHED 2. ACCENT LIGHTING
TINT - WHITE + p 3. HANGING 3. VALANCE LIGHTING
50 WATTS x 1ft LEVEL - LIGHT REQ’D FOR DRAFTSMAN 4. CORNICE 4. WALL BRACKET LIGHTING
FLUTTER ECHO - RAPID SUCCESSION OF REFLESTED SOUNDWAVES RESULTING FROM 5. SOFFIT
A SINGLE INITIAL SOUND PULSE 6. LUMINOUS CEILING
FOCUSING - OCCURS WHEN SOUND WAVES ARE REFLECTED FROM CONCAVE SURFACES
& BUILD UP
DIFFUSION - SOUND LEVEL IS EVERYWHERE THE SAME ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL
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TWO (2) TYPES OF ELEVATOR:
1. HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR
2. ELECTRIC ELEVATORS
TYPES OF ELEVATOR TRACTION MACHINE
1. GEARLESS TRACTION MACHINE
2. GEARED TRACTION MACHINE
MAJOR PARTS OF ELECT. ELEVATOR
1. CAR
2. CABLE
3. ELEVATOR MACHINE
4. COUNTER WEIGHTS
5. GUIDE RAILS
6. SHAFT HOISTWAY
7. ELEVATOR PIT
8. PENTHOUSE
9. CONTROL EQUIPMENT
OTHER PARTS OF HYDRAULIC ELEVATOR:
1. FLOOR STOP & LIMIT SWITCH
2. CREEPAGE & LEVELING CAR SWITCH
3. CAR GATE SWITCH
4. GATE VALVE
5. CONTROLLER
6. MOTOR & PUMP W/ TANK
MAJOR PARTS OF ESCALATOR:
1. TRUSS
2. SPROCKET ASSEMBLY
3. DRIVING MAN
4. BALUSTRADE ASSEMBLY
5. HANDRAIL
6. ENDLESS BELT
ROD.
OTHER PARTS OF ELECT’L ELEV. PLUMBING AND SANITARY TERMS
1. CONTROL PANEL
2. MOTOR GENERATOR BIBB - SYNONYMOUS WITH FAUCET, COCK, TAP. PLUG, ET. (FAUCET)
3. GOVERNOR FAUCET - A VALVE ON A WATER PIPE BY MEANS OF W/C WATER CAN BE DRAWN
4. GUIDE SHOES FROM OF HELD WITH IN THE PIPE.
5. LIMIT SWITCHES CAP - A FITTING INTO WHICH THE END OF A PIPE IS SREWED FOR THE
6. BUFFER PURPOSE OF CLOSING THE END OF THE PIPE.
PLUG - A PIPE FITTING WITH OUTSIDE THREAD & PROTECTING HEADS THAT IS
USED FOR CLOSING THE OPENING IN ANOTHER FITTING
MAJOR PARTS OF A HYDRAULIC ELEV (CLEAN OUT, P. TRAP).
1. CAR OR CAB NIPPLE - PIPE FITTING WITH OUTSIDE THREAD FOR CONNECTING TWO PIPES.
2. PLUNGER SLEEVE - A PIPE COUPLING.
3. GUIDE RAILS COUPLING - A PIPE FITTING WITH INSIDE THREAD FOR CONNECTING TWO PIPES;
4. GUIDE SHOES METHOD OF PIPE CONNECTION; A SHORT INTERNALLY THREADED
5. SPRING BUFFER SECTION OF A PIPE USED TO JOIN TWO PIPES OR CONDUIT.
6. SHAFT OR HOISTWAY UNION - A PIPE FITTING USED TO CONNECT THE ENDS OF TWO PIPES,
7. ELEV. MACHINE ROOM NEITHER OF WHICH CAN BE TURNED.
8. ELEV. PIT SERVICE ELL,
9. CONTROL UNIT STREET ELL - A MALLEABLE-IRON FITTING FOR THREADEDPIPE, HAVING 45 DEGREE
OR 90 DEGREE BEND, WITH INSIDE THREAD ON ONE END & OUTSIDE
OTHER PARTS OF ELEC’T ELEV: THREAD ON THE OTHER.
1. TRACKS
2. EMERGY BRAKES REDUCER - ARE FITTING USED TO CONNECT PIPES OF DIFF. SIZES IN THE SAME
3. CONTROLLER LINE ; A PIPE COUPLING, WITH INSIDE THREADS, HAVING ONE END
4. EMERGENCY STOP BUTTON WITH SMALLER DIAMETER THAN THE OTHER.
5. KEY-OPERATED SWITCHES INCREASER - A COUPLING WITH ONE END IS LARGER THAN THE OTHER.
ELBOW - A FITTING JOINING TWO PIPES AT AN ANGLE.
TEE - T – SHAPED FITTING WITH TWO OUTLET S, ONE AT 90 DEGREE TO
ARRAGEMENT: THE CONECTION TO THE MAIN LINE; FITTING SHOULD NEVER BE
1. CRISS-CROSS USED WITH PIPES CARRYING SEWAGE BUT MAY BE USED W/ VENT
2. PARALLEL PIPES ; CHANGE IN DRAINAGE NOR DIRECTION.
RISER - A WATER SUPPLY PIPE THAT EXTENDS VERTICALLY ONE FULL
STOREY OR MORE TO CONVEY WATER TO BRANCHES OF FIXTURES .
(VERTICAL PIPE IN H2O SUPPLY LINE.)
SERVICE PIPE - THE PIPE FROM THE WATER MAIN OR SOURCE OF WATER SUPPLY TO
THE BUILDING SERVED.
HYDRANT - A CYLINDRICAL RESERVOIR USSUALLY OF METAL; AN APPRATUS FOR
DRAWING WATER DIRECTLY FROM A MAIN.
HOSE REEL - A CYLINDRICAL DEVICE WHICH TURN ON AN AXIS AROUND WHICH A
FIRE HOSE IS WOUND & CONNECTED.
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TYPES OF VALVES & CONTROLS W/C CANNOT BE REACHED BY NORMALWATER PRESSURE.
a. GATE VALVE - A VALVE IN WHICH THE FLOW OF WATER IS CUT OFF BY DOWNFEED SYSTEM – BY GRAVITY FROM OVERHEAD TANKS ARE SUPPORTED BY
MEANS OF A CIRCULAR DISK. THIS VALVE IS USED WHEN STRUCTURAL FRAMES.
A NORMAL FULLY OPEN OR CLOSED POSITIONS IS
DESIRED. EITHER END MAY BE USED AS AN INLET. COLOR CODE FOR PIPES: BENDS EQUIVALENT IN DEGREES
GLOBE VALVE - USED WHEN IT IS DESIRED TO THROTTLE THE WATER POTABLE WATER - BLUE ¼ x 360 = 90
SUPPLY. SAME END MUST ALWAYS BE USED AS AN INLET. ELECTRICAL - ORANGE OR LT GRAY 1/8 x 360=45
CHECK VALVE - A VALVE THAT AUTOMATICALLY CLOSES TO PREVENT INDUSTRIAL - GRAY 1/5 x 360=72
THE FLOW OF WATER IN A REVERSE DIRECTION. SEWAGE - ORANGE BROWN 1/16 x 360= 22.5
ANGLE VALVE - CHANGES THE DIRECTION OF THE FLOW OF WATER AS COMMUNICATION CABLE - YELLOW
WELL AS CONTROL IT. ACT SOMEWHAT LIKE GLOVE VALVE STAND PIPE - RED G.I. PIPES = 6.00m LENGTH MAX.
BUT ARE USUALLY USED FOR A RIGHT ANGLE TIRN. HOT WATER - WHITE PVC PIPES = 3.00m LENGTH MAX.
FLUSH VALVE - FORM A VALVE USED IN A FLUSH TUNK FOR THE PURPOSE BACK PRESSURE – AIR PRESSURE IN DRAINAGE PIPESN GREATER THAN ATMOSPHERIC
OF CONTROLLING THE FLUSHING OF FIXTURES. PRESSURE.
BACK FLOW –TERM ONLY FOR WATER. REVERSAL OF FLOW OF WATER (DRAWBACK)
TYPES OF CHECK VALVE: THE FLOW OF WATER INTO A WATERSUPPLY SYSTEM FROM ANY SOURCE
SWING CHECK VALVE - HAS PIVOTED FLAP WHICH IS READILY PUSHED OPEN OTHER THAN ITS REGULAR SOURCE.
BY PRESSURE NOR OR LIFT CHECK VALVE – CONSIST BACK SIPHONAGE – A SUCTION CREATED BY THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS IN PIPES.
OF A LOOSE DISK WHICH CLOSES BY GRAVITY WHEN VACUUM – AN AIR PRESSURE LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC.
THE PRESSURE ON BOTH SIDES ARE EQUAL. VENT – A PIPE OR OPENING USED FOR ENSURING THE CIRCULATION OF AIR IN A
BALL CLOCK - A FAUCET OPENED OR CLOSED BY THE FALL OR RISE PLUMBING SYSTEM & FOR REDUCING THE PRESSURE EXETED ON TRAP SEALS.
OF A BALL FLOATING ON THE SURFACE OF WATER W/ - IS A DEVICE INSTALLED IN A HOUSE DRAIN INTENDED TO PREVENT THE
A SPHERICAL FLOAT. THE BACKFLOW OF SEWAGE; DEVICE THAT PREVENT THE LOSS OF SEAL BY
CORPORATION COCK - A STOP VALVE PLACED IN A SERVICE PIPE CLOSE TO SIPHONAGE, BACK PRESSURE, ETC.
ITS CONNECTION W/ A WATER MAIN; A DEVICE INS- VENT STACK (DRY) – A VERTICAL VENT PIPE INSTALLED PRIMARILIY FOR THE
TALLED WHEN TAPPING A CITY WATER MAIN WITH PRESSURE. PURPOSE OF PROVIDING CIRCULATION OF AIR (MAIN VENT,)
KINDS OF FAUCET: STACK VENT (WET) - IS THE EXTENSION OF A SOIL OR WASTE STACK ABOVE
THE HIGHEST HORIZONTAL DRAIN CONNECTED TO THE
KEY COCK STACK .
COMPRESSION COCK WET VENT (TERM FOR
HOSE BIBB SECONDARY BRANCH) - WET VENT IS THAT PORTION OF A VENT PIPE THRU WHICH
SELF CLOSING FAUCET LIQUID WASTE FLOW.
DRY VENT - A VENT THAT DOES NOT CARRY WATER OR WATER-BORNE
TWO TYPES OF SPRINKLER: WASTES.
UPRIGHT - USED ABOVE PIPING WHEN PIPING IS EXPOSED. BACK VENT PIPE (INDI-
PENDENT - THIS TYPE PROJECTS THRU A FINISHED CEILING VIDUAL VENT PIPE) - THE PART OF A VENT LINE WHICH CONNECTS DIRECTLY
WHEN PIPING IS CONCEALED. WITH AN INDIVIDUAL TRAP UNDERNEATH OR BEHIND THE
FIXTURE & EXTENDS TO THE BRANCH OR MAIN, SOIL, OR
THRREE WAYS OF WATER DISTRIBUTION: WASTE PIPE AT ANY POINT HIGHER THAN THE FIXTURE
UPFEED SYSTEM – FROM NORMAL WATER PRESSURE FROM PUBLIC WATER MAIN TRAP IT SERVES.
LOW RISE BLDGS. UNIT VENT - AN ARRANGEMENT OF VENTING SO INSTALLED THAT ONE
PNEUMATIC TANK – FROM AIR PRESSURE FROM SUNCTION TANK FOR TALL BLDGS. VENT PIPE WILL SERVE TWO (2) TRAPS.
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DUAL VENT - A.K.A.UNIT VENT OR COMMON VENT. INSTALLATIONS).
BRANCH VENT - A VENT PIPE CONNESTING FROM ABRANCH OF THE SEPTIC VAULT - 1 CHAMBER
DRAINAGE SYSTEM TO A VENT STACK. SEPTIC TANK - IS A WATERTIGHT RECEPTACLE WHICH RECEIVES THE
GROUP VENT - A BRANCH VENT THAT PERFORMS ITS FUNCTION FOR DISCHARGE OF A PLUMBING SYSTEM OR PART THEREOF.
TWO (2) OR MORE TRAPS. (SEE DUAL & UNIT VENT.) (2 CHAMBER)
CIRCUIT VENT - A GROUP VENT EXTENDING FROM IN FRONT OF THE LAST
FIXTURE CONNECTION ON A HORIZONTAL BRACNH TO
THE VENT STACK. (SEE ALSO LOOP VENT, BRANCH VENT.);
PIPE CONNECTED TO A HORIZONTAL DRAINAGE PIPE RE-
CEIVING THE DISCHARGE. ( MIN OF 5 FIXTURES OR
POSSIBLE OF 20 FIXTURES).
RELIEF VENT - A VENT THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF WHICH IS TO PRO-
VIDE CIRCULATION OF AIR BETWEEN DRAINAGE & VENT
SYSTEM, ( IS USED IF THERE ARE MORE THAN 10
FIXTURES)
CONTINOUS VENT - I S A VERTICAL VENT THAT IS CONTINUATION OF THE
DRAIN, TO WHICH THE VENT CONNECTS (OR USTR).
STACK - A GENERAL TERM USED FOR ANY VERTICAL LINE OF
SOILWASTE OR VENT PIPING.
SOIL STACK - A VERTICAL SOIL PIPE CONVEYING FECAL MATTER &
LIQUID WASTE; A VERTICAL PIPE WHICH RECEIVES THE
DISCHARGE FROM WATER CLOSET.
WASTE STACK - VERTICAL PIPE WHICH RECEIVES THE DISCHARGE OF
FIXTURES OTHER THAN WATER CLOSET.
COMM0N VENT - USED FOR BACK TO BACK FIXTURES (SEE UNIT/
DUAL VENT).
FIXTURE - A RECEPTACLE ATTACHED TO A PLUMBING SYSTEM
OTHER THAN A TRAP IN WHICH WATER OR WASTES MAY
BE COLLECTED OR RETAILED FOR ULTIMATE DISCHARGE
INTO THE PLUMBING SYSTEM.
FIXTURE UNIT - 71/2 GAL/MIN (WATER CONSUMPTION).
FIXTURE DRAIN - THE DRAIN FROM THE TRAP OF FIXTURE TO THE
JUCNTION OF THE DRAIN WITH ANY OTHER DRAIN PIPE.
FIXTURE BRANCH - THE SUPPLY PIPE BETWEEN THE FIXTURE & THE WATER
DISTRUBUTING PIPE .
GRADE (PITCH) - THE SLOPE OR FALL OF A LINE OF PIPE IN REFERENCE
TO A HORIZONTAL PLANE USUALLY EXPRESSED IN
PERCENT (2% SLOPE & PROVIDE A STRAP @ EVERY MTS.)
LATRINE - A WATER CLOSET CONSISTING OF A CONTINOUS
TROUGH CONTAINING WATER . THE TROUGH EXTENDS
UNDER TWO (2) OR MORE ADJACENT SEATS. (PROHIBITED
BY HEALTH AUTHORITIES FOR PERMANENT