CRAFT DESIGN 1

HE 122
Craft Design

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CHAPTER 2
Art Education and Art Appreciation
LESSON How Art Begun
1

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

 Define Art
 Explain the functions of arts
 Discover the role of art and the role of the artist

Introduction
Art in the form of work in the beginning is a source of documentation and it also
function as an information for the people believe and religion. The artist use this
opportunity to tell us a story of the people in the previous era, to deliver a political
message during that time or just to make others think, it grabs the attention of others
and makes others to experience what have the arts expresses. Through it we have the
knowledge about the past, religion and events; it is function as documentation for us
to live in a better way in the future. An art in the form of object is something can be
use with an artistic value. The work of art that so practical for human use in his daily
life are so importance and it been transfer from generation to generation. Art is for all
and the entire world can benefit it.

History of How Art Is Defined

According to H.W Janson, author of the classic art textbook, The History of
Art, “...we cannot escape viewing works of art in the context of time and
circumstance, whether past or present. How indeed could it be otherwise, so long as
art is still being created all around us, opening our eyes almost daily to new
experiences and thus forcing us to adjust our sights?”

Throughout the centuries in Western culture from the 11th century on through the end
of the 17th century, the definition of art was anything done with skill as the result of
knowledge and practice. This meant that artists honed their craft, learning to replicate
their subjects skillfully. The epitome of this occurred during the Dutch Golden Age
when artists were free to paint in all sorts of different genres and made a living off
their art in the robust economic and cultural climate of 17th century Netherlands.

During the Romantic period of the 18th century, as a reaction to the Enlightenment
and its emphasis on science, empirical evidence, and rational thought, art began to be
described as not just being something done with skill, but something that was also
created in the pursuit of beauty and to express the artist’s emotions. Nature was

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glorified, and spirituality and free expression were celebrated. Artists, themselves,
achieved a level of notoriety and were often guests of the aristocracy.

The Avant-garde art movement began in the 1850s with the realism of Gustave
Courbet. It was followed by other modern art movements such as cubism, futurism,
and surrealism, in which the artist pushed the boundaries of ideas and creativity.
These represented innovative approaches to art- making and the definition of what is
art expanded to include the idea of the originality of vision.

The idea of originality in art persists, leading to ever more genres and manifestations
of art, such as digital art, performance art, conceptual art, environmental art,
electronic art, etc

Role of Art
Art have so many role, back in the past arts was more to the practice of human
activity and as documentations. The purpose is to past information to the present
generation about their experience and activity. This practice can be seen in all the
cave painting existed now, for example the cave painting arts found in The Cave of
Lascaux, (Paleolithic Age). We also can relate this type of work to the statement by
Leo Tolstoy (1828 – 1910):

“Art is a human activity, consisting in this, that one man consciously, by means of
certain external signs, hands on the other feelings he has lived through, and that other
people are infected by these feelings and also experience them."

The role has developed, to the art were it is more to be practice to the performing a
religion or community believe icon. It also did not stop there; the art role has been
evolve to something that over and above necessity were the art is only can be observe
by some people who can afford it. By than the western ideologies have separate the
work of art that benefits the usurer as the craft and the work of art that can only be
observe by certain people is an artwork as a masterpiece.

Role of Artist
An artist in the ancient world brought up their duty as documentations of the world
they live in, as we can see in the cave painting at the Niah Cave in Serawak
(Peleolithic Age). In the Age of Animism the artist as the presenter of artistic work or
to create an object of his population believe during that time and after the religion era
such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Islamic came the artist presented their work
according to the religion and their ideology. This we can see in a statement by Henry
Fuseli (1741-1825)

“Ancient art was the tyrant of Egypt, the mistress of Greece and the servant of Rome."

In his statement above it is clear that during those years the artist role in present their
works by following his believe and needs of their masters. An artist is also having
generated the base of form germinates and develops its possibilities as in Michael
Tawa (1992) writing was clearly stated:

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“An artist who traditionally mediates between form and matter by becoming the
vehicle, agent and instrument of formal realization."

Here he stated the role of artist is stated when they created the process in all aspect of
harmony and temperance – on a proportionate co-ordination and co-operation
between the form, the artist and the materials. As we understand that the role of artist
is not just for his art for art sake but also involves the whole idea of community in
their area or believes.

Functions of Arts

All arts have functions, for man, the maker creates things because he has a particular
need for them.

Arts functions can be classified into:

1. Motivated (functional) examples: Architecture, weaving, furniture making

2. Non-motivated (non- functional) examples: painting, sculpture, literature,
music and theater arts.

Personal function
Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of their feelings and
ides. The art also serve as a means of expression for us. The
therapeutic value of music cannot be ignored. Works of art make
us aware of other ways of thinking, feeling, and imagining that
have never occurred to us before.

Social Functions
One cannot conceive of a society without art, for art is closely related to every aspect
of life. Arts perform a social function when:
 Influences Social behavior. It seeks or tens to influence the collective
behavior of people
 Display and Celebration. It is created to be seen or use primarily in public
situation
 Social Description. It expresses or describes social or collective aspects of
existence as opposed to individual and personal kind of experiences.

Physical Functions
Tools and containers are objects which function to make our lives physically
comfortable. Functional works of art may be classified as either tools or containers.
 Form and Function. The function of an object is generally
determines in the basic form that it takes. A chair is so
designed to allow the seated body to rest comfortably on it.
The shapes, sizes, and different parts are harmoniously
related to one another and integrated into an object that
fulfills and tells about their particular purpose.

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 Architecture. The design of a building is determined

primarily by its operational function. What is the building for?
Who are going t use it? How many are they? The design of a
building takes is also adapted to the climate of the region. The
architect must take the physical, psychological and spiritual
needs of the family into account when he designs a house.

 Community Planning. A community is more than a group of building. It is a

group of individuals and families living in a particular locality because of
common interest ad needs. Community planning involves the efficient
organization of buildings, roads and spaces so that they meet the physical and
aesthetic needs of the community.
 Cultural Functions. Art serves as an aperture towards skills, knowledge,
attitudes, customs, and traditions of different people. The art helps preserve,
share and transmit culture of people from one generation to another.

Use separate sheet attached for your answers.

Activity: L1 (Chapte r 2)

1. Search at least three (3) Filipino Artist and their work of Art and contribution
to the modern arts.

References:

https://www.thoughtco.com/what- is-the-definition-of-art-182707
http://penulisansenihalus.blogspot.com/2009/04/definition-of-art-and-craft.html
https://www.slideshare.net/dennismarkdelacruz/functions-of-
arthttps://www.scribd.com/document/457618435/CHAPTER-2-THE-FUCTIONS-
OF-ARTS

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ACTIVITY SHEET
Lesson 1 (Chapter 2)
How Art Begun

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________

Year & Section: ____________________________________

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LESSON Classification of Arts

2

Learning Outcomes:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

 Identify the forms of fine or aesthetic arts
 Enumerate the different forms of practical arts

Introduction
The arts, also called fine arts, modes of expression that use skill or imagination in the
creation of aesthetic objects, environments, or experiences that can be shared with
others.

Forms of Fine or Aesthetic Arts

Architecture
Architecture is the first of the fine arts, due to the ingenuity
and great use of aesthetics required to create buildings which
are harmonic with space and which endure in time. For the
ancient Greeks, with monumental buildings like
the Parthenon and architects like Parmenio who was tasked to
erect Alexandria, architecture was one of the most fundamental
aspects of its civilization and art in the making.

Sculpture
Sculpture is another form of fine art. The capacity to use this ability
to create 3D shapes and forms has been recognized since ancient
times, and today is still considered one of the primary forms of art.
Sculptures can be made out of any material, and can be created by
carving, assembling, molding, casting...

Painting
Amongst the forms of fine art, painting is perhaps one of the
most recognized disciplines. Since antiquity, people have used it
as a form of expression and a mechanism to capture reality.
Throughout history there have been hundreds of famous artists,
so it is no wonder that today it re mains one of the most popular
and appreciated fine arts.

Music
The ability to use instruments to create beautiful sounds makes music unequivocally
one of the seven fine arts. This form of creation has accompanied humanity from its

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existence, being a form of communication but also an art that above

all generates pleasure. This is one of the most down to earth
approaches to fine art.

Lite rature
Literature is an art form that draws upon the use of words for
creation. Although we say that it is only literature that is a fine art,
poetry is also included in this form. Both have offered invaluable
contributions to humanity, with pieces and authors which are
undoubtedly a work of art in themselves.

Dance
Dance is part of fine arts due to the use of vigorous movements of
the body to the beat of music, and this serves as one of the most
aesthetic means of expression that we can enjoy. Dance is used as
a form of expression, spiritual interaction, social connection and
non-verbal communication.

Theatre
Undoubtedly, theatre has a perfect mix of skills involved, from
the writing to the scenery, direction and interpretation of the
actors. This practice was already popular in Greek and Roman
civilizations and has been used not only as a way of passing
messages through, but as a way to express emotions. Though
Shakespeare's plays may be classified as literature, who can say
every single one of the interpretations of Halmet isn't a work of
art?

Cinema
Cinema, it was added to this list in the twentieth century by
Ricciotto Canudo, theorist and film critic, who in his 1911
'Manifesto of the seven arts' coined the term seventh art to
include film amongst the fine arts. Today it is one of the most
popular means of artistic expression in the world, with
audiovisual pieces of great value that are considered classics
among scholars and film buffs.

Forms of Practical Arts

The Practical Arts

The practical arts are of six general types: industrial arts, agricultural arts, business or
commercial arts, home economic or homemaking arts, fishery arts and distributive
arts.

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Industrial arts refer to activities by which a person creates or produces objects in

industrial plants or home shops, such as general metal work, general automotive,
drafting and graphic arts, general woodworking, general electricity, ceramics and
home industries.
In the Philippines, the trade or vocational courses offered in the trade or technical
schools are commonly called industrial education or trade courses and not industrial
arts. These courses prepare the students for entrance into the occupations or trades.
The industrial or manual arts in the elementary schools are simpler and their main
goal is not to prepare the pupils for employment but rather to explore their interests
and aptitudes and to train them in good citizenship. Some of the industrial arts in the
grades are bamboo craft, toy craft, shell craft, coir and fiber craft, leather craft, wire
and sheet- metal craft, elementary electricity, elementary woodworking, and
bookbinding.
The manual arts offered in the secondary schools are generally called practical arts.
The main objective of offering practical arts in the first and second years is the same
as the objective of industrial arts in the elementary schools. In the third and fourth
years, however, the practical arts are chiefly offered to prepare the students for "initial
gainful employment" in these arts.
Agricultural arts include farming, vegetable gardening, horticulture, swine and
poultry raising, dairy farming and planting of ornamental plants.
Business arts refer to retail merchandising, lunch counter work, typewriting,
stenography, and bookkeeping.
Homemaking arts include dressmaking, crocheting, food preparation and
preservation, interior decoration, nutrition, child care, hair science, and embroidery
work.
In the high schools, the term home economics refers to advanced homemaking arts.
Fishery arts are offered in schools located near rivers and seas. They include net
weaving, shallow-water fishing, deep-sea fishing, and fish preservation.
The distributive arts involve packaging, marketing, warehousing, advertising and
shipping of manufactured goods.

Why is art appreciation so important?

When you think of art, you might first think of famous works from artists like van
Gogh, Warhol, Picasso, or Monet. What we often forget is that art has been around
since the days of the caveman. Art has played a significant role throughout our
history. However, it is also a part of our lives now from the clothing we wear to the
video games we play, the cars we drive to the covers or pictures in the books or
magazines we read. It will continue to be a part of our future and the future of our
loved ones for many generations to come.

Using the example of early civilizations, we know that they didn’t use a formal
written language but instead used drawings to depict their everyday lives, emotions
and hopes. We can look at the images, and it gives us not only a clear understanding

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of what their daily struggles and successes were, but it allows us to connect and
empathize on an emotional level while also learning about their culture.

Art is not meant to be looked at only for what it is. It is meant to stimulate thought
because it allows viewers to draw their own emotions and pull from their personal
experiences when viewed. It is very powerful in this way and it naturally develops
critical and innovative thinking skills. Art also teaches many important qualities such
as listening, observing and responding to multiple perspectives.

It encompasses so much more than just looking at a piece of art or learning about the
artist. Due to the subjective nature of art, children can learn to construct meaning and
articulate their thoughts when they express, in their own words, their personal
opinions about what they are seeing, feeling and thinking. This allows students an
opportunity to develop an open mind and understand that there is more than just one
solution to a problem.

Having an appreciation for art also helps us to develop an appreciation for each other
and how we are all unique in our own way.

Aims of teaching art in school

The Arts Education curriculum aims to help students:

 develop creativity, critical thinking and communication skills, and nurture

aesthetic sensitivity and cultural awareness;
 develop arts skills, construct knowledge, and cultivate positive values and
attitudes; gain delight, enjoyment and satisfaction through participating in arts
activities;
 pursue a lifelong interest in the arts;
 help learners to consolidate past experiences and knowledge;
 introduce learners to different media and techniques and their use for creative
and productive expression for common use;
 provide opportunities for development of awareness about folk arts, local
specific arts and other cultural components leading to an appreciation of
national heritage;
 assist learners to use artistic and aesthetic sensibility in day-to-day life
situation;
 enable learners to achieve a balanced growth as a social being in tune with our
culture through project work.
 get acquainted with the life and work of the local artists/artistes;
 use resourcefully locally available material to make different products
(objects) with the help of the community;
 refine the sense of appreciation of the beauty of nature through the basic
elements of art forms.

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Use separate sheet attached for your answers.

Test Your Understanding: L2 (Chapte r 2)

1. What is the significance of studying art education in relation to craft design?

In what ways can you appreciate the work of art?
2. Among the forms of fine arts which do you think you are capable of
performing? Why?

References:

https://www.britannica.com/topic/the-
artshttps://education.onehowto.com/article/what-are-the-seven- forms-of- fine-arts-
1593.html
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Drafting/Introduction#:~:text=The%20practical%20arts
%20are%20of,fishery%20arts%20and%20distributive%20arts.
https://www.edb.gov.hk/en/curriculum-development/kla/arts-edu/index.html
http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain21/Coscholastic/ART_EDU
CATION.pdf

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ACTIVITY SHEET
Lesson 2 (Chapter2)
Classification of Arts

Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _____________

Year & Section: ____________________________________

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