EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 10045-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
November 1992
EUROPÄISCHE NORM

UDC 669:620.178.746.05:620.1

Descriptors: Metal products, mechanical tests, bend tests, impact tests, Charpy impact tests, test equipment, verification, definitions

English version

Metallic materials — Charpy impact test —

Part 2: Verification of the testing machine
(pendulum impact)

Matériaux métalliques — Essai de flexion par Metallische Werkstoffe —

choc sur éprouvette Charpy — Kerbschlagbiegeversuch nach Charpy —
Partie 2: Vérification de la machine d’essai Teil 2: Prüfung der Prüfmaschine
(mouton-pendule) (Pendelschlagwerk)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1992-02-25. CEN members

are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

© 1992 Copyright reserved to CEN members

Ref. No. EN 10045-2:1992 E
EN 10045-2:1992

Foreword Contents
This European Standard has been prepared by Page
ECISS/TC 1A, Mechanical and physical tests, the Foreword 2
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Introduction 5
At its meeting on 25 and 26 January 1990, the TC
1 Scope 5
agreed to publish this text as prEN (yellow proof).
2 Normative references 5
The following member bodies were represented at
this meeting: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, 3 Definitions 5
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, United 3.1 Industrial pendulum impact
Kingdom and also the BCR. testing machine 5
At its meeting on 20th June 1991, the TC agreed to 3.2 Reference pendulum impact
submit this document to COCOR for approval testing machine 5
(white proof). 3.3 Anvils 5
The Coordinating Commission (COCOR) of ECISS 3.4 Supports 5
agreed on 1991-11-27/28 to submit this draft
3.5 Striker 5
European Standard to the CEN formal vote.
This document was approved by CEN and according 3.6 Centre of striker 6
to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the 3.7 Centre of percussion 6
following countries are bound to implement this 3.8 Rated initial potential energy
European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, (rated energy) AN 6
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, iceland, Ireland, 3.9 Effective initial potential energy
Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, (potential energy) Ap 6
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
3.10 Indicated absorbed energy
(indicated energy) As 6
3.11 Effective energy absorbed
(energy absorbed) Av 6
3.12 Reference test piece 6
3.13 Reference value 6
3.14 Geometry of the test piece 7
3.15 Base of the frame 7
4 Symbols and designations 7
5 Direct verification of the pendulum
impact testing machine 8
5.1 Machine framework 8
5.2 Pendulum 9
5.3 Framework/pendulum position 9
5.4 Test piece supports and anvils 9
5.5 Clearance between anvils and pendulum 9
5.6 Position of centre of percussion 10
5.7 Energy indicator 10
5.8 Potential energy (Ap) 11
5.9 Indicated energy error (As) 11
5.10 Friction losses 11
5.11 Impact velocity 12
6 Indirect verification of the pendulum
impact testing machine 12
6.1 Principle 12
6.2 Charpy V reference test pieces 12
6.3 Procedure 12

2 © BSI 03-1999
 EN 10045-2:1992

Page
6.4 Repeatability and error of the
pendulum impact testing machine 13
6.5 Evaluation of the verification 13
7 Verification report 14
8 Intervals between indirect verifications 14
8.1 Direct verification 14
8.2 Indirect verification 14
Annex A (informative) Direct method of
verifying certain geometric properties
using a jig 15
Annex B (informative) Guide to preparation
and characteristics of the Charpy V
reference test pieces 20
Figure 1 — Test piece anvils and supports 6
Figure 2 — Representation of the definitions
of the pendulum geometry 8
Figure 3 — Representation of the angles
used for the calculation of the impact energy 8
Figure 4 — Types of striker 10
Figure A.1 — Jig 16
Figure A.2 — Change of position from A to B
corresponding to the striker travelling 30 mm 17
Figure A.3 — Example of application of the
jig illustrated in Figure A.1 18
Figure A.4 — Example of application of the
jig illustrated in Figure A.1 19
Table 1 7
Table 2 — Values of the geometric properties 13
Table 3 — Repeatability and error values of
the pendulum impact testing machine 13
Table B.1 — Dimensions of the reference
test pieces 20
Table B.2 — Conditions of repeatability
and error of the reference pendulum 20
Table B.3 — Values of the standard
deviation for the characterization of the
reference test piece batch 20

© BSI 03-1999 3
4 blank

Introduction
The European Standard EN 10045 concerns
metallic materials — Charpy impact test and
comprises the following Parts.
— Part 1: Method of test;
— Part 2: Verification of pendulum impact testing
machines.
1 Scope
This European standard applies to the verification
of (pendulum) impact testing machines used for the
Charpy impact test as described in EN 10045/1. It
describes 2 methods:
— the direct method allowing the physical and
geometrical properties of the different parts of
the testing machine to be verified statically and
separately,
— the indirect method: global verification method
of the pendulum impact testing machine using
Charpy V reference test pieces as specified in 6.2.
The direct method shall be used, firstly, when the
machine is being installed or repaired and, secondly,
if the indirect method gives an incorrect result
(see 8.1), in order to find the reason for this.
This standard is also applicable to reference
pendulum impact testing machines, the geometrical
characteristics of which are defined in Annex B.
This standard is also applicable to pendulum impact
machines of different capacities or different design.
Pendulum impact testing machines verified in
accordance with this standard and assessed as
satisfactory are considered as valid to carry out
impact testing with notches of different types.
The apparatus used for the direct method shall have
a certified traceability relative to the SI system of
units.
Annex A describes, for information purposes, a
direct method of verifying certain geometrical
properties using a jig.
Annex B describes, for information purposes, a
guide to the preparation of reference test pieces and
their characteristics.
© BSI 03-1999
EN 10045-2:1992
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated and
undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 10045/1, Metallic materials — Charpy impact
test — Part 1: Test method.
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the
following definitions shall apply:
3.1
industrial pendulum impact testing machine
pendulum impact testing machine used for
industrial or laboratory tests, on metallic materials;
these machines shall not be used for determining
reference values (see 3.13)
3.2
reference pendulum impact testing machine
pendulum impact testing machine used for
determining reference values. The requirements for
verification of this type of machine are stricter than
those for industrial machines (see B.3.1)
3.3
anvils
part of the machine forming a vertical plane which
holds the test piece when it is broken. The plane of
the anvils is perpendicular to the plane of the
supports (see Figure 1).
3.4
supports
part of the machine forming a horizontal plane on
which rests a test piece before it is broken by a
hammer. The plane of the supports is perpendicular
to the plane of the anvils (see Figure 1)
3.5
striker
part of the hammer which is in contact with the test
piece
5
EN 10045-2:1992
Figure 1 — Test piece anvils and supports
3.6
centre of striker
the point on the striking edge of the pendulum
which, when the pendulum is released, meets the
horizontal plane over half the test piece
3.7
centre of percussion
the point on a body where, on impact, the percussion
action is the same as if the total mass of the body
were concentrated at this point. When a pendulum
hammer strikes a blow in a horizontal line passing
through the centre of percussion, there shall be no
resultant action on the axis of rotation (see Figure 2)
3.8
rated initial potential energy (rated energy)
AN
energy attributed by the designer of the pendulum
hammer
3.9
effective initial potential energy (potential
energy) Ap
the value determined by direct verification
6 © BSI 03-1999
3.10
indicated absorbed energy (indicated energy)
As
the value of the energy indicated by the pointer or
read from the indicator
3.11
effective energy absorbed (energy absorbed)
Av
the total energy required to break a test piece when
it is tested on a pendulum impact testing machine.
It is equal to the difference in potential energy
between the initial position of the pendulum and the
end of the first half-swing during which the test
piece is broken
3.12
reference test piece
impact test piece used to verify the compliance of a
pendulum hammer by comparison of the energy
absorbed by the machine with the reference value
supplied with the test pieces
3.13
reference value
value of the energy absorbed, supplied with the
reference test pieces and determined by test on
reference pendulum impact testing machines
 EN 10045-2:1992

3.14 3.15
geometry of the test piece base of the frame
the test piece being placed on the supports in the part of the machine framework located below the
test position: horizontal plane of the supports
— height: distance between the notched face and
the opposite face; 4 Symbols and designations
— width: dimension perpendicular to the height For the purposes of this European Standard, the
that is parallel to the notch; symbols and definitions given in Table 1 are
— length: largest dimension at right angles to the applicable:
notch.
Table 1
Symbolsa Unit Definitions

AN J Rated initial potential energy (rated energy)

Ap J Effective initial potential energy (potential energy)
As J Indicated absorbed energy (indicated energy)
Av J Effective energy absorbed (energy absorbed)
F N Force exerted by the pendulum on the force-proving device for distance l2
F1 N Weight of pendulum
L m Distance between the centre of the striker and the axis of rotation of the pendulum
(length of the pendulum)
l m Distance between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and the axis of rotation
l1 m Distance between the centre of percussion and the axis of rotation
l2 m Distance between the point of application of force F and the axis of rotation
p J Friction losses due to the drag of the pointer
p9 J Friction losses resulting from air resistance and beating friction
p¶ J Correction of the energy losses for a rise angle
t s Period of swing of the pendulum
T s Total duration of 100 swings of the pendulum
TM s Maximum value of T
Tm s Minimum value of T
µ o Fall angle
¶ o Rise angle
E J Value of the energy absorbed from the batch of Charpy V reference test pieces
EBCR J Certified energy value from the batch of BCR test pieces
a
See Figure 2 and Figure 3.

© BSI 03-1999 7
EN 10045-2:1992

Figure 2 — Representation of the definitions of the pendulum geometry

5 Direct verification of the pendulum — Verification of the pendulum impact testing

impact testing machine machine shall comprise:
a) verification that the tightening of the bolts
This verification relates to the following points:
complies with that specified by the
— machine framework, manufacturer. This value shall be indicated on
— pendulum, the documentation provided by the
— framework/pendulum position, manufacturer;
— test piece supports and anvils, b) verification that the pendulum impact
testing machine is not subject to any external
— position of centre of percussion,
vibration transmitted by the foundation.
— energy indicator, NOTE This may be done, for example, by placing a container of
— initial potential energy, water on the machine framework and checking that there are no
ripples on the surface of the water.
— indicated energy error,
— friction losses,
— impact velocity.
5.1 Machine framework
— The foundation of the pendulum impact
testing machine cannot normally be verified once
the machine has been installed. Consequently,
the documentation prepared when the machine is
installed shall prove that the mass of the
foundation is at least 40 times that of the
pendulum which shall also be given in the
documentation.
NOTE For machines manufactured after the publication of
this standard, it is recommended that the mass of the pedestal
of the machine should be at least 12 times the mass of the
pendulum.
Figure 3 — Representation of the angles used
for the calculation of the impact energy

8 © BSI 03-1999

5.2 Pendulum
The width of the striker shall be between 10
and 18 mm.
The dimensions of the striker shall be verified using
jigs. The angle of the tip of the striker shall
be 30° ± 1°, and the radius of curvature of the
striking edge shall be 2 + 00, 5 mm.
The angle between the line of contact of the striker
and horizontal axis of the test pieces shall
be 90° ± 2°.
NOTE One possible method of verification is as follows.
Wrap a test piece 55 mm long and of
cross-section 10 × 10 mm tightly in a thin sheet of paper and
place the test piece on the test piece holder. Also wrap the
striking edge in carbon paper, the carbon side facing
outwards. Move the pendulum a few degrees from its
equilibrium position and drop it on the test piece, ensuring
that it does not make a second contact with the test piece.
The mark by the carbon paper on the paper the test piece is
wrapped in makes it possible to measure its orientation in
relation to the horizontal axis of the test piece. This test may
be carried out jointly with verifying the contact of the test
piece over its whole length (see 5.3).
The mechanism for releasing the pendulum from its
initial position shall be capable of operating freely
and releasing the pendulum without any initial
jerk, delay or transverse vibration. If this
mechanism also includes a braking system, means
shall be provided to prevent the brake being applied
accidentally.
5.3 Framework/pendulum position
The machines shall have a reference plane on the
basis of which the measurements can be taken.
The machine shall be installed so that the reference
plane is horizontal to within 2/1 000.
The axis of rotation of the pendulum shall be
parallel to the reference plane to within 2/1 000.
This shall be certified by the manufacturer of the
machine.
For machines without a reference plane, the axis of
rotation shall be horizontal to within 4/1 000. This
shall be verified by direct measurement, unless a
reference plane can be machined on the machine
and then the above requirement shall be met.
When free, the pendulum shall hang so that the
striking edge is ± 0,5 mm from the point at which
the edge touches the test piece.
NOTE This may be verified by means of a bar
approximately 55 mm long and of rectangular cross-section:
height 9,5 mm and width approximately 10 mm. The distance
between the striking edge and the bar is measured.
The pendulum shall swing in a plane perpendicular
to the axis of rotation to within 3/1 000.
The striking edge shall be in contact with the test
piece along the whole width of the test piece.
NOTE One possible method of verification is that described
in 5.2 for verifying the angle between the striker contact and the
horizontal axis of the test piece.
© BSI 03-1999
EN 10045-2:1992
The pendulum shall be positioned so that the centre
of the striking edge coincides with the median plane,
to within ± 0,5 mm between the test piece anvils.
The transverse play of the pendulum bearings,
measured at the striker, shall not exceed 0,25 mm
when a transverse force of approximately 4 % of the
mass of the pendulum is applied to the centre of the
striker.
The radial play of the pendulum bearing shall not
exceed 0,08 mm when a force of 150 N ± 10 N is
applied at a distance L perpendicular to the plane of
swing of the pendulum.
NOTE The radial play may be measured, for example, by
placing a dial gauge on the framework in order to indicate the
movement at the end of the shaft at the point closest to the
bearings.
5.4 Test piece supports and anvils
The supports shall lie in one and the same plane; the
distance between the support planes shall never
exceed 0,1 mm.
The supports shall be such that the axis of the test
piece is parallel to the axis of rotation of the
pendulum to within 3/1 000.
The anvils shall lie in one and the same plane; the
distance between the two planes shall never
exceed 0,1 mm.
The angle between this plane and the plane of the
supports shall be 90° ± 0,10°.
The distance between the anvils shall
be 40 + 00, 20 mm.
The radius of curvature of the anvils shall
be 1 + 0, 5 mm.
0
The angle of taper of the anvils shall be 11° ± 1°.
5.5 Clearance between anvils and pendulum
Sufficient clearance shall be provided so as to
ensure that the broken parts of the test piece are
free to fall from the machine with a minimum of
interference and without rebounding onto the
hammer before the pendulum has completed its
swing. No part of the pendulum which passes
between the anvils shall be thicker than 18 mm.
Two types of hammer are generally used. The
C-shaped and U-shaped hammer (see Figure 4).
For the C-shaped hammers, the broken parts of the
test piece will not rebound onto the hammer if the
play at each end of the test piece exceeds 13 mm.
For the U-shaped hammers, means shall be
provided to prevent the broken parts of the test
piece from rebounding onto the hammer.
9
EN 10045-2:1992
Figure 4 — Types of striker
In many machines using this type of hammer, safety
stops shall be provided and installed and meet the
following requirements:
a) shall be approximately 1,5 mm thick;
b) shall have a minimum hardness of 45 HRC;
c) shall have a corner radius of a least 1,5 mm;
d) shall be positioned so that the play between the
safety stop and the hammer does not
exceed 1,5 mm.
NOTE For machines in which the hammer opening permits a
play of at least 13 mm between the end of the test piece (placed
ready for the test) and the safety stops, requirements a) and d) do
not apply.
5.6 Position of centre of percussion
The distance l1 from the centre of percussion to the
axis of rotation is equal to the length of the simple
synchronous pendulum of the testing machine.
Therefore, determine the time t of the pendulum
and calculate l1 using the formula:
2 The resolution r of the indicator is obtained from the
gt
l 1 = --------------
2 ratio of the pointer thickness and the minimum
4;
Where g = 9,81 m/s2 and ;2 = 9,87 giving:
l1
= 0,2485t2
t shall be determined to the nearest 0,1 %
l1 shall be equal to 0,995L ± 0,5 %La
a Certainold type pendulum testing machines do not satisfy the
L although, up to now, they have been
requirement l – L # ---------
- least 0,25 % of the initial potential energy.
1 100
regarded as giving correct data; the use of these machines will be
L The resolution of the scale is regarded as one
tolerated as long l – L #1, 75 ---------- , and all the other
1 100
conditions imposed by direct verification are met; and they are
subject to indirect verification (see clause 6), the results of which
shall meet the requirements in 6.5
10
For a pendulum having a periodic time of
approximately two seconds, t may be determined
with sufficient accuracy by ascertaining for the
calculation of t the mean of determinations of the
total duration T of 100 complete swings provided the
pendulum has not swung through an angle of more
than 5° from its rest position and the difference
between the maximum duration TM and the
minimum duration Tm during 100 swings does not
exceed 0,2 s.
5.7 Energy indicator
The machine is graduated either in angles of rise or
in energy absorbed.
5.7.1 Analogue scale
The width of the scale graduation marks shall be
uniform and the width of the pointer shall be
approximately equal to the width of one graduation
mark. The pointer shall permit a reading free from
parallax.
distance between the centres of two adjacent
graduation marks. The recommended ratios are
either 1 : 4 or 1 : 5 or 1 : 10. The distance between
two adjacent marks shall be at least 2,5 mm in order
to be able to estimate 1/10 of a scale division.
A scale division shall be equal to 1/100 of the initial
potential energy at most and shall permit the
energy to be estimated by an increment of at
5.7.2 Digital scale
increment of the number on the digital indicator
provided that the indication does not fluctuate by
more than one increment.
When the readings fluctuate by more than one
increment, the resolution is taken to be equal to half
the range of the fluctuation.
© BSI 03-1999

The resolution shall be at least 1/400 of the initial
potential energy.
5.8 Potential energy (Ap)
The potential energy shall be verified according to
the following procedure and shall not differ from the
nominal value (AN) by more than ± 1,0 %.
5.8.1 General
By the nature of its design, the centre of gravity of
the pendulum is always very close to the striking
edge of the pendulum and the straight line which
prolongs this edge passes very close to the axis of
rotation.
Instead of determining the weight F1 of the
pendulum and the distance from its centre of gravity
to the axis, it is easier to determine a force F such
that — acting at a known distance l2 from the
axis — it has the same moment relative to this axis
as the weight of the pendulum.
NOTE l2 may be equal to l.
5.8.2 Procedure
Lift the pendulum so that its centre of gravity is in
the horizontal plane of the axis of rotation to
within 15/1 000 (i.e. practically that the striking
edge is in the horizontal plane of the axis) and
support one point of this striker a distance l2 from
the axis on another horizontal striker perpendicular
to the first one and supported by a balance beam or,
better, by a dynamometer. Measure the force F
exerted by the pendulum on the load measuring
device and the distance l2 from the anvil to the axis
to the nearest 0,2 % (see Figure 2).
The moment M of the pendulum is:
M = Fl2
Then measure the angle of rotation described by the
pendulum to pass from the rest position to the fall
position. This measurement shall be made using a
cathetometer or an angle to an accuracy ± 0,065°
(see Figure 3). The angle a may be greater than 90°.
Ap = M(1 – cos µ) = Fl2(1 – cos µ)
5.9 Indicated energy error (As)
The indicated energy error shall be determined as
follows:
For a machine of A joules, verify the indicator
graduations corresponding to 10-20-30-50
or 60-80 percent of the initial potential energy AN.
To do this, lift the pendulum driving the indicator in
the rise direction until the indicator is on the
graduation to be verified. Measure the angle ¶ of
rise to within ± 0,065° (see Figure 3).
The energy absorbed is equal to:
Av = M(cos ¶ – cos µ)
© BSI 03-1999
EN 10045-2:1992
The difference between the energy indicated As and
the absorbed energy Av, calculated on the basis of
the measured values, shall not exceed 1 % of the
absorbed energy Av or ± 0,5 % of the potential
energy Ap. In each case, the greater value is
permitted.
This means that:
As –Av
------------------------ × 100 # ( 1, 0 )
Av
(from 80 % to 50 % of the rated energy AN)
As –Av
------------------------ × 100 # ( 0, 5 )
Ap
(below 50 % of the rated energy AN)
The precision required for measuring F, l2, µ, ¶,
involves for Av a total mean error of
approximately ± 0,3 % of the maximum indication
of the machine scales.
NOTE It should be remembered that the accuracy of the
absorbed energy reading varies inversely to Av and this is
important when Av is small in comparison with Ap.
Indicated energy values greater than 80 % of the
initial potential energy are inaccurate and shall be
recorded as being approximate.
NOTE This requirement is to ensure that all the tests are
carried out at deformation rates not varying by more than a
factor of 2. The deformation rate is a function of the pendulum
impact speed; for a pendulum impact testing machine, the speed
decreases as the fracture progresses.
The change in the pendulum speed may be calculated by
determining, firstly, the impact speed (see 5.11) and the speed
after impact using the same formula but replacing cos µ with
cos ¶ (see Figure 3).
5.10 Friction losses
The breaking of the test piece involves energy
absorption equal to the difference between the
potential energy and the residual energy indicated
by the rise of the pendulum taking into account just
the energy losses that can actually be evaluated
(see 6.1) i.e.:
— the friction losses due to the drag of the
pointer,
— the losses resulting from air resistance and
beating friction.
These losses are evaluated as follows.
5.10.1 Losses due to the drag of the pointer
Move the pointer to a position corresponding to a
rise angle of zero, let the pendulum fall normally
(fall angle µ) but without the test piece in position
and read off the rise angle ¶1, or the energy E1
directly.
11
EN 10045-2:1992
Then, without resetting the pointer, let the
pendulum fall a second time from the position
corresponding to the fall angle and read off the new
rise angle ¶2, or the energy E2 directly.
The friction losses of the pointer are equal to:
p = M(cos ¶1 – cos ¶2) when the scale is
graduated in degrees
or
P = E1 – E2 when the scale is graduated in
energy units.
In this calculation, use the mean values of ¶1 and ¶2
(or E1 – E2) from four determinations.
5.10.2 Friction losses in the bearings and as a
result of air resistance
They are calculated as follows for a half-swing.
After determining ¶2 or the energy E2 (see 5.10.1),
return the pendulum to its initial position. Then,
without re-adjusting the pointer, release the
pendulum to allow 10 half-swings. After the
pendulum has started its 11th half-swing, move the
pointer about 5 % from its maximum reach and note
the value of ¶3. Friction losses in the bearings and as
a result of air-resistance for a half-swing are:
p9 = 1/10M(cos ¶3 – cos ¶2) if the scale is
graduated in degrees
or
p9 = 1/10(E3 – E2) if the scale is graduated in
energy units.
5.10.3 The total losses p + p´ measured in this way
shall not exceed 0,5 % of the rated energy AN.
NOTE The correction of losses corresponding to a rise angle ¶
may be calculated by assuming the proportionality of the losses
to the angles passed through, i.e.:
b a+ b
p = p -------- + p 9 ------------------
b b a+ b
1 2
This approximate value approaches the actual correction value
more closely as this absorbed energy decreases.
5.11 Impact velocity
The impact velocity is equal to:
v= 2gL ( 1 – cos a )
v is the velocity in metres per second
g is the acceleration of free fall (taken as
g = 9,81 m/s2),
µ is the fall angle (see Figure 3),
L is the distance between the centre of the
striker and the axis of rotation (in metres).
This velocity shall be between 5,0 and 5,5 m/s.
However, for machines manufactured before 1983,
values between 4,5 and 7,0 m/s are permitted and
shall be noted in the verification report.
12
6 Indirect verification of the
pendulum impact testing machine
6.1 Principle
Determination of the energy absorbed by breaking
of the Charpy V reference test piece from batches
whose breaking energy is known (see Annex B).
This European Standard takes into account the
total energy absorbed by the fracture of the test
piece.
The total absorbed energy consists of:
a) the energy required to break the test piece;
b) the internal energy losses of the pendulum
impact testing machine in making the first
half-swing from its initial position.
The energy losses are due to:
a) air resistance and bearing friction and friction
due to drag of the pointer. These losses can be
determined by the direction method (see 5.10);
b) foundation impacts and vibration of the
framework and pendulum for which no suitable
measurement methods or apparatus have been
developed.
NOTE For the evaluation the following energies are not taken
in account:
a) energy absorbed by the work of deformation at the anvils
and at the centre of the striker.
b) energy absorbed by friction of the test piece on the
supporting surfaces and particularly the anvils.
6.2 Charpy V reference test pieces
The Charpy V reference test pieces to be used for
indirect verification of the pendulum impact testing
machine are the national test pieces traceable to the
BCR test pieces (see Annex B).
The reference test pieces shall be used in accordance
with the instructions given by the supplier.
6.3 Procedure
Before carrying out the indirect verification, it is
necessary to:
— check that the anvils are in good condition as
described in 5.4;
— check that the test piece is correctly centred
and that the striker is in good condition;
— determine the friction losses as described
in 5.10.
Indirect verification shall be carried out for a least
two levels of energy within the range of application
of the testing machine and for which Charpy V
reference test pieces exist. These 2 levels shall be as
close as possible to the extremities of this range. If
more than 2 energy levels are verified, the
additional levels shall be uniformly distributed in
the range of application and as a function of the
available reference test pieces.
© BSI 03-1999
 EN 10045-2:1992

Table 2 — Values of the geometric properties

Parameters Unit Value
Pendulum (5.2):
— angle of striker tip ° 30 ± 1
+ 0, 5
— radius of striking edge mm 2 0
Framework/pendulum position (5.3):
— horizontality of the axis of rotation of the pendulum
— machine with reference plane ± 2/1 000 relative to the reference
plane
— machine without reference plane ± 4/1 000
— parallelism between the axis of the test piece and
the axis of rotation of the pendulum ± 3/1 000
— distance between the striking edge and the centre of
striker mm ± 0,5
— position of striking edge relative to the plane of
symmetry of the anvils mm ± 0,5
— transverse play of bearings mm 0,25
— radial play of bearings mm 0,08
Anvils (5.4):
— Radius of curvature of anvils mm 1 + 0, 5
0
— Angle of taper of the anvils ° 11 ± 1
— Angle between supports and anvils ° 90 ± 0,10
— Distance between anvil planes mm 0,1
— Distance between support planes mm 0,1
— Distance between anvils mm 40 + 0, 20
0
Impact velocity (5.11):
— Impact velocity m/s 5 to 5,5
Five test pieces are broken for each level, the test 6.4.2 Error
being carried out with test pieces at a temperature The error of the test machine under the specific
of 20 °C ± 2 °C, each test piece being positioned with verification conditions is characterized by the value
the tolerance indicated in Table 2. Any defects E–E
determined shall be indicated in the verification
report. E1 + E2 + E3 + E4 + E5
where E = ----------------------------------------------------------------
6.4 Repeatability and error of the pendulum 5
impact testing machine E is the value of the absorbed energy of the batch of
Let E1, E2 ... E5 be the values of the energy absorbed Charpy V reference test pieces.
when breaking 5 test pieces, classified in ascending 6.5 Evaluation of the verification
order. The verified test machine is only regarded as being
6.4.1 Repeatability satisfactory if the repeatability and error values are
The repeatability of the test machine under the less than or equal to those in Table 3.
specific verification conditions is characterized by Table 3 — Repeatability and error values of
the value E5 – E1, i.e. Emax – Emin. the pendulum impact testing machine
Energy level Repeatability Error
(J) (J) (J)

< 40 #6 <4
$ 40 # 15 % of E < 10 % of E

© BSI 03-1999 13
EN 10045-2:1992
If the machine does not satisfy the repeatability and
error values, it is advisable to look for the cause of
this by applying the direct verification method
(see clause 5).
7 Verification report
The verification report shall contain at least the
following information:
— reference to this standard,
— identification of the test machine (type, mark,
year of construction, series number),
— location of the machine,
— method of verification (direct or indirect),
— reference and value of the energy absorbed
when breaking the reference test pieces used
during indirect verification,
— any defects observed,
— the results of the verification,
— date of the verification,
— name or mark of the department carrying out
the verification.
14
8 Intervals between indirect
verifications
8.1 Direct verification
Verification shall be carried out:
— when the pendulum impact testing machine is
installed or dismantled or moved,
— if indirect verification produces results that do
not comply.
A simplified direct verification, concerning the
geometric characteristics of the pendulum impact
testing machine, shall be carried out before every
indirect verification (see 6.3).
8.2 Indirect verification
The period between 2 indirect verifications depends
on the maintenance standard and number of times
the machine is used. Under normal conditions, it is
recommended that indirect verification be carried
out at intervals not exceeding 12 months.
The pendulum impact testing machine shall in all
cases be verified following installation and after it
has undergone any major dismantling, moving,
repair or adjustment operations.
© BSI 03-1999

Annex A (informative)
Direct method of verifying the
geometric properties of the pendulum
impact testing machine using a jig
A.1 Field of application
This annex describes the direct method for verifying
the geometric properties of pendulum impact
testing machines using a jig. The properties which
can be verified are:
— position of the striker in the plane of symmetry
of the anvils;
— horizontalness of the axis of rotation of the
pendulum;
— perpendicularity between the arm of the
pendulum and the axis of rotation;
— alignment of the striker and the arm of the
pendulum;
— perpendicularity between the plane of the
striker and the test piece.
© BSI 03-1999
EN 10045-2:1992
This method may be applied to all machines and, in
particular, to machines without a reference plane on
the framework.
A.2 Jig
The shape and the dimensions of the jig are
specified in Figure A.1. The jig has 2 ends (A and B)
corresponding to 2 positions of use (A and B).
A.3 Procedure
Before using the jig, the following 2 properties shall
be verified using a level:
— the horizontalness of the plane of the supports;
— the perpendicularity between the plane of the
anvils and the plane of the supports.
The jig shall be used in the 2 positions A and B. As
shown in Figure A.2, passing from position A to
position B corresponds to the striker
travelling 30 mm.
Figure A.3 and Figure A.4 illustrate the way in
which to use the jig for verifying the properties
defined in A.1.
15
EN 10045-2:1992

Figure A.1 — Jig

16 © BSI 03-1999
 EN 10045-2:1992

Figure A.2 — Change of position from A to B corresponding to the striker travelling 30 mm

© BSI 03-1999 17
EN 10045-2:1992

Figure A.3 — Example of application of the jig illustrated in Figure A.1

18 © BSI 03-1999
 EN 10045-2:1992

Figure A.4 — Example of application of the jig illustrated in Figure A.1

© BSI 03-1999 19
EN 10045-2:1992

Annex B (informative) B.3 Characterization of Charpy reference test

Guide to the preparation and pieces
characterization of Charpy V This shall be carried out using a reference
reference test pieces pendulum impact testing machine.
B.1 Scope B.3.1 Reference pendulum impact testing
machine
The aim of this guide is to define the preparation
This pendulum impact testing shall only be used for
and characterization of Charpy V reference test
characterizing reference test pieces. It shall meet
pieces.
the requirements of Table 2 in this standard except
B.2 Preparation of reference test pieces for the following parameters, for which stricter
All the test pieces in a single batch shall come from criteria shall be met:
the same ingot or the same casting and shall have Radius of curvature of the anvils: 1 + 0, 10 mm
undergone the same heat treatment. 0
Angle between supports and anvils: 90° ± 0,10°
Throughout all the stages of the preparation of the
Distance between anvils: 40 + 0, 10 mm
test pieces, special precautions shall be taken to 0
ensure the best possible homogeneity of the test Position of the striking edge in relation to the plane
pieces. of symmetry of the anvils: 0,25 mm
The test pieces shall be in steel or other metallic The pendulum impact testing machine shall be
materials and shall be treated in such a way as to be verified using certified BCR1) test pieces as
able to obtain the following energy levels: described in this standard. In order to be considered
as a reference pendulum impact testing machine,
low energy: < 30 joules
the impact testing machine shall meet the
medium energy: 30 to 110 joules conditions of repeatability and error given in the
high energy: 110 to 220 joules following Table B.2.
very high energy: > 220 joules Table B.2 — Conditions of repeatability
and error of the reference pendulum
The dimensional characteristics are those given in Energy level Repeatability Error
the Table B.1 below. (J) (J) (J)
Table B.1 — Dimensions of the reference < 40 #3 <2
test pieces
$ 40 # 7,5 % of E < 5 % of E
Length
550 B.3.2 Characterization of batches of reference
0, 25
test pieces
Height 10 mm ± 0,06 mm
Each batch will be characterized at the same
Width 10 mm ± 0,075 mm temperature by breaking a given number of test
Notch angle 45° ± 1° pieces on a reference pendulum impact testing
Height remaining at device.
notch root 8 mm ± 0,06 mm The number of test pieces for characterization of a
Radius at notch root 0,25 mm ± 0,025 mm batch is 25 irrespective of the number of test pieces
in the batch.
Distance between the
plane of symmetry of The energy value of the batch is the average of the
the notch and one of the energy values characterizing the batch.
ends of the test piece 27,5 mm ± 0,10 mm The standard deviation shall be calculated and shall
Angle between the plane meet the conditions defined in the following
Table B.3.
of symmetry of the
notch and the Table B.3 — Values of the standard deviation
longitudinal axis of the for the characterization of the reference test
test piece 90° ± 2° piece
Angle between adjacent Energy level Standard deviation
faces 90° ± 0,10° (J) (J)
< 40 # 2,0
$ 40 # 5 % of E

1)
Community Bureau of Reference (Bureau Communautaire de Reference).

20 © BSI 03-1999
 BS EN 10045-2:1993

National annex NA (informative)

Committees responsible
The United Kingdom participation in the preparation of this European Standard was entrusted by the Iron
and Steel Standards Policy Committee (ISM/-) and the Non-ferrous Metals Standards Policy Committee
(NFM/-) to Technical Committee ISM/NFM/4 upon which the following bodies were represented:

Aluminium Federation
British Gas plc
British Non-ferrous Metals Federation
British Railways Board
British Steel Industry
Copper Development Association
Department of Trade and Industry (National Physical Laboratory)
Department of Trade and Industry (National Measurement Accreditation Service)
ERA Technology Ltd.
GAMBICA (BEAMA Ltd.)
Institute of Materials
Ministry of Defence
Society of British Aerospace Companies Limited
University College London
Welding Institute

The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard, through subcommittees and
panels:

AEA Technology
BEAMA Ltd.
Electricity Association
Lloyd’s Register of Shipping
Steel Casting Research and Trade Association

National annex NB (informative)

Cross-references

Publication referred to Corresponding British Standard

EN 10045-1:1990 BS EN 10045-1:1990 Charpy impact test on metallic materials

Part 1: Test method (V- and U-notches)

© BSI 03-1999
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