UNIT 12: IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR TELEHEALTH

PROGRAMS

Introduction

Home telemedicine services are developing rapidly because of the demand.

As more patients retire, more families will need to depend on these services to care
for their elderly loved ones.

This module is divided into four (4) lessons:

 Lesson 12.1 Telehealth and the Older Person
 Lesson 12.2 Entrepreneurial Opportunities
 Lesson 12.3 Home Health Agencies
 Lesson 12.4 Visiting Nurse Groups

Objectives:

Upon completion of the topic, the student will:

1. Discuss the relationship between telehealth and the older person.
2. Discuss the entrepreneurial opportunities in health care.
3. Explain the purpose of home health agencies
4. Explain the roles and responsibilities of visiting nurse groups
12.1: Telehealth and the Older Person
Duration: One (1) hour

Lesson Proper

What is Telehealth?

By using technologies, health and human services can reach as far as to our
rural areas.

 “The use of electronic information and telecommunications technologies to

support and promote long-distance clinical healthcare, patient and
professional health-related education, public health, and health
administration.”
 “A collection of means or methods for enhancing healthcare, public health,
and health education delivery and support using telecommunications
technologies.”

What is the difference between telehealth and telemedicine?

Telehealth can reach to deliver a broad range of medical care,

education, and public health services.

Telemedicine typically focuses on exchanging medical information and

providing diagnosis and treatment.

There are “seven deadly barriers” for telemedicine:

1. Money
 Reimbursement is the main barrier to telemedicine.
2. Regulations
 Licensing was a minor issue because as most healthcare providers
move into a national system, licensure is becoming a bigger barrier.
3. Hype
 studies and all the beautiful things that telemedicine can do, but
many reviews show that some applications of telemedicine do not
work or cost too much.
4. Adoption
 Health care providers sometimes resist innovation in telemedicine
because it creates competition.
5. Technology
 Technology has been the focus of telemedicine for a long time.
 Telemedicine is really about the services and how they change
people’s lives and not about the uniqueness of the newest piece of
technology.

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  The implementation of multiple technologies may create massive
data flows that are not useful or easily maintained (e.g., continuous
monitoring of temperature and blood pressure).
6. Evidence
 Some applications of telemedicine show tremendous progress, but
other areas lack extensive studies or require synthesis of existing
studies to evaluate their value.
7. Success
 Telemedicine is becoming part of the business plan of many.

Telehealth used to care for and manage the following conditions

and diseases:

 Palliative Care: At-home caregivers can use telehealth to report on

the condition of their loved one as their health continues to
deteriorate while receiving valuable feedback and advice from
healthcare professionals.

 Transitional Care for Heart Failure: At-home caregivers can use

telehealth to stay on top of their loved one’s treatment regimen
following an episode of heart failure, including dispensing
medications, diet, physical activity, and managing stress levels.

 Chronic Disease Management: Telehealth helps at-home

caregivers report on the condition of their loved one, giving
healthcare providers insight into how their disease is progressing
over time. Caregivers can use telehealth to stay on top of
medications, dietary information, and mental and physical
changes.

 Primary Care for Frail Individuals: Patients that have trouble

moving or leaving the house can use telehealth to consult with
healthcare professionals on a variety of primary healthcare issues
and concerns, including joint pain, muscle stiffness, medications,
and accident management and prevention.

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Lesson 12.2: Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Duration: One (1) hour

Lesson Proper

Entrepreneurial opportunities are situations where products and services can

at a price more significant than the cost of their production. An 'entrepreneurial
opportunity thus, is a situation where entrepreneurs can take action to make a
profit.

Elder Care Business Ideas

1. Seniors' Needs Service

Not all older adults are looked after by friends and family, and many
of them could use companionship regularly. If you’re passionate
about this, then this could be the elderly care business idea for you.

2. In-Home Care Service

Elderly loved ones often want to remain at home but may need
assistance due to a disability or activity restrictions. If this sounds like
something you would like to do, then this could be the elder care
business for you.

3. Mobile Beauty Services

Many senior people prefer to have services provided in their homes.

You can launch a mobile beauty service that offers various beauty and
massage treatments to elderly customers.

4. Products For Easier Home Maintenance

If you’re inventive and enjoy making products to increase

convenience, this is a business opportunity for you. Before you start to
come up with helpful inventions to assist elderly customers, here is an
example of an elderly business.

5. Elderly Medical Assistance

Older people have a great need for medical services like

physiotherapy, massage therapy, and orthopedics. If you have the
right skills, this could be the elderly care business idea for you.

6. Technical Support

Even though some senior citizens struggle with technology, they do

want to know how to use it so that they can connect with friends and
family. If you have the right skills and a passion for helping the
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 elderly with technology, this could be the elderly care business idea
for you.

7. Concierge Services

Older adults need help running errands, dropping off and collecting
things, and personal shopping. If helping the elderly is a passion of
yours, this could be the elder care business idea for you.

8. Window and Gutter Cleaning

Older adults find cleaning windows and gutters challenging,

especially if they still live in a double story home. If you have the
right experience, this could be the elder care business idea for
you.

9. Gardening Services for the Elderly

Although some elderly people enjoy gardening, it can be hazardous for

them, as many can get badly hurt falling. If you love gardening and
enjoy helping the elderly, this could be the elder care business idea for
you.

10. Handyman Services for the Elderly

If you’re good at doing home repairs and replacing fixtures and have
electrical and plumbing knowledge, you can start a handyman service
specifically for older adults. Before you launch your elder business,
here is an example of an elder company that can gain some insights.

Home-Based Business Ideas that Serve Senior Citizens

Here are fifteen senior-related, home-based business ideas that may have you
finding riches in these boomers’ golden years.

1. MEDICAL CLAIMS ASSISTANCE PROFESSIONAL

The background knowledge on marketing, services directly to small medical

offices, hospitals, senior centers, and networking with lawyers, bankers,
accountants, and other professionals can be of help for medical claims
assistance professionals whose clients may need your expertise.

2. SENIOR CARE CONSULTANT

Senior care consultants are nurses, social workers, gerontologists, and other
provide seniors, their adult children, or caregivers with information and
recommendations for long-term health-care and living arrangements that best
suit their

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 clients’ needs, finances, and preferences. They help ensure their clients will
have an on-going, optimum quality of life.

3. NUTRITION CONSULTANT

With age, people often develop medical and physical conditions, such as
diabetes, heart disease, and other serious health concerns that require them
to follow specific diets. Nutritional consultants educate their clients about the
food and meal-planning regimens they need to follow while coordinating their
efforts with the clients’ caregivers and their health care professionals’
recommendations.

4. IN-HOME CARE (NON-MEDICAL) SERVICES

With the existence of in-home (non-medical) services that assist their clients
with cleaning, shopping, running errands, and transportation, many retirees
are opting to stay and live independently in their homes or apartments. In-
home care specialists work with social services, family members, or guardians
to develop individualized programs to manage best and monitor their clients’
daily needs.

5. DAILY MONEY MANAGERS

Seniors are often overwhelmed by the day-to-day money-managing tasks due

to age-related disabilities or illness, or because of the death of a spouse —
mostly if it was the one who primarily managed a couple’s expenses. Daily
money-managers supervise clients’ bill-paying tasks, balance their
checkbooks, sort mail, and refer their clients to professionals such as
accountants or tax preparers when needed. Managers will also help their
clients keep track of their scheduled appointments and engagements.

6. DAILY MONEY MANAGERS

Seniors are often overwhelmed by the day-to-day money-managing tasks due

to age-related disabilities or illness, or because of the death of a spouse —
mostly if it was the one who primarily managed a couple’s expenses. Daily
money-managers supervise clients’ bill-paying tasks, balance their
checkbooks, sort mail, and refer their clients to professionals such as
accountants or tax preparers when needed. Managers will also help their
clients keep track of their scheduled appointments and engagements.

7. SEAMSTRESS-TAILOR

Due to failing eyesight or loss of manual dexterity, seniors need experienced

sewers to help them with various sewing needs. If you are skilled with a
needle, you may do everything from alterations, sewing on buttons or zippers,
creating window treatments and upholstering furniture, sewing wedding
dresses, or christening gowns for grandchildren.

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8. HANDY-PERSON FIX-IT SERVICES

Many seniors or their adult children will gladly pay someone to do simple
household jobs like painting and wallpapering, installing shelves and
household fixtures, replacing windowpanes. Other simple tasks they do not
have the time or no longer the ability to complete. Vocational schools often
offer general home-maintenance courses if you need to brush-up your “fix-it”
skills for small repairs and installations.

9. FINANCIAL PLANNER

Financial planners assist clients in estate planning, choosing wise

investments, constructing budgets, and preparing money-management
strategies that will enable their clients to live comfortably in their retirement
years. Trading bitcoins helps them grow their savings. Go through the review
article at bitcoingrowthfund.com to learn how some smart software
applications help in trading bitcoins effectively.

10. HOME BUSINESS CONSULTANT

Many people in their fifties and sixties who do not want to retire to “play” want
to try their hand at entrepreneurship, but have no idea where to start. If you
have the credentials and the experience in operating a successful home-
based or small business, you might consider assisting others in choosing a
home venture that matches their skills and has good potential.

11. HOME DELIVERY SERVICES

You may find markets for specialized services such as transporting pets to
and from veterinarian and grooming appointments. One former business
executive quit his job and re-established successful milk and dairy delivery
service for customers in his urban neighborhood.

12. EXERCISE CONSULTANT

Many seniors participate in senior games and sports for fun and to reap the
health benefits. Some individuals exercise to improve medical conditions or
rehabilitative programs to help them maintain their regimens and remain
injury-free. Fitness experts work with senior physicians and therapists to
develop ongoing strength, conditioning, flexibility, and balance to enable their
clients to stay physically fit and active for as long as possible.

13. COMPUTER CONSULTING

Numerous mature adults, who were previously resistant to learning computer

technology, change their minds when they or their families move away and
realize that it is one of the best ways to keep in contact with their children,
grandchildren, and friends. As a computer consultant, the tasks are to teach
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 fundamental and advanced skills, select computer systems, and make home
visits for computer set-ups and troubleshooting.

14. ANTIQUES’ APPRAISALS

People need antiques and collectibles appraised for insurance coverage,

when they are moving or settling estates, or wish to liquidate some of their
prized possessions. They require honest evaluations of their items and
recommendations on where to sell their items for the best possible prices.

15. LAWN AND GARDEN CARE

With scores of mature adults selling their larger homes and moving to smaller
residences and retirement communities, they may not have the time or
capability to install or revamp garden spaces. Many, however, still wish to
pursue their gardening activities and need routine lawn and garden care and
continued property maintenance when they are traveling. You might also offer
to establish specialized gardens like those friendly to pets or those accessible
to individuals with disabilities.

16. TRANSCRIPTION and VIDEO SERVICES

Some older adults wish to leave a legacy of memories to loved ones or for the
public record about the experiences and accomplishments of their lives. In
this service, you would record, transcribe, and write and videotape clients’
memoirs.

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Lesson 12.3: Home Health Agencies
Duration: One (1) hour

Lesson Proper

The impact is when older members of the family require assistance with daily
needs and care. Families are absorbing more complex responsibilities for
caregiving for more extended periods than ever before. With growing numbers of
people reaching the old–old years and the trend toward maintaining very ill older
individuals in the community, the burdens faced by family caregivers will likely
continue to grow. The increase of women in the workforce, mobility of families, and
complexity of family structures resulting from divorce and remarriage complicate
family relationships and caregiving. Nurses need to understand the various family
structures, roles, and affinities to virtually withholder adults and their caregivers.

REHABILITATIVE AND RESTORATIVE CARE

Rehabilitative care
 involves therapies developed by physicians and therapists focused on
returning individuals to their previous level of function.
 the need for rehabilitative services usually arises after a problem has
occurred that affected parts, such as a stroke, fracture, or prolonged
state of immobility.
 Skilled rehabilitative care involves services offered by physical,
occupational, and speech therapists, and is eligible for Medicare
reimbursement.

Restorative care
 is primarily offered by the nursing staff and does not require a medical
order. It can occur in any setting and includes efforts to help
individuals:
 Maintain their current level of function
 Improve their functional ability
 Prevent decline and complications
 Promote the highest possible quality of life
Frailty
 is a particular challenge to older persons that must be considered in
rehabilitative and restorative care.
 Although definitions of frailty can vary, it usually describes a clinical
state in which the person has poor endurance, fatigue, low activity
level, reduced speed in ambulation, weak grip strength, and increased
risk for adverse outcomes (Buckinx et al., 2015).

Nursing Home / Home health care defined:

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A nursing home is a facility for the residential care of
elderly elderly or disabled people. Nursing homes may
also be referred to an as skilled nursing facility, long-
term care facilities, older adults's homes, care homes,
rest homes, convalescent homes or convalescent care.
Wikipedia

Nursing home is a place for people who don't need to be in a hospital

but can't be cared for at home. Most nursing homes have nursing
aides and skilled nurses on hand 24 hours a day. Some nursing
homes are set up like a hospital. The staff provides medical care, as
well as physical, speech and occupational therapy.

Homecare is health care or supportive care provided by a professional

caregiver in the individual home where the patient or client is living, as
opposed to care provided in group accommodations like clinics or
nursing homes. Homecare is also known as domiciliary care, social
care, or in-home care. Wikipedia

Home Health provides skilled services, including nursing care and

physical, occupational, speech, and respiratory therapy. A home
health care agency employs the healthcare professionals sent to
the home and must be licensed by the state.

What are the different types of home health care services?

 Doctor care. A doctor may visit a patient at home to

diagnose and treat the illness(es). He or she may also
periodically review the home health care needs.

 Nursing care. The most common form of home health

care is nursing care, depending on the person's needs.
Nursing care may include:
 ostomy care
 wound dressing
 intravenous therapy
 administering medication
 monitoring the general health of the patient
 pain control
 other health support.

 Physical, occupational, and/or speech therapy.

Some patients may need help relearning how to
perform daily duties or improve their vocabulary after an
illness or injury.

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  Physical therapists can put together a plan of care to help
a patient regain or strengthen muscles and joints.

 Occupational therapists can help patients with physical,

developmental, social, or emotional disabilities relearn
how to perform such daily functions as eating, bathing,
dressing, and more.

 Speech therapy can help a patient with impaired speech

regain the ability to communicate clearly.

 Medical social services. Medical social workers

provide various services to the patient, including
counseling and locating community resources to help
the patient in his or her recovery. Some social workers
are also the patient's case manager--if the patient's
medical condition is very complex and requires the
coordination of many services.

 Care from home health aides. Home health aides can

help patients with their basic personal needs, such as
getting out of bed, walking, bathing, and dressing.
Some aides have received specialized training to assist
with more specialized care under the supervision of a
nurse.

 Homemaker or primary assistance care. While a

patient is physically be concerned for in the home, a
homemaker or person who helps with chores or tasks
can maintain the household with meal preparation,
laundry, grocery shopping, and other housekeeping
items.

 Companionship. Some patients who are home alone

may require a companion to provide comfort and
supervision. Some companions may also perform
household duties.

 Volunteer care. Volunteers from community

organizations can provide the necessary comfort to the
patient through companionship, helping with personal
care, providing transportation, emotional support, and
helping with paperwork.

 Nutritional support. Dietitians can come to a patient's

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 home to provide dietary assessments and guidance to
support the treatment plan.

 Laboratory and X-ray imaging. Certain laboratory

tests, such as blood and urine tests, can be performed
in the comfort of the patient's home. Also, portable X-
ray machines allow lab technicians to perform this
service at home.

 Pharmaceutical services. Medicine and medical

equipment can be elated at home. If the patient needs
it, training on how to take medications or use of the
equipment, including intravenous therapy.

 Transportation. Some companies provide

transportation to patients who require transport to and
from a medical facility for treatment or physical exams.

 Home-delivered meals. Often called Meals-on-Wheels,

many communities offer this service to patients at home
who cannot cook for themselves. Depending on the
person's needs, hot meals can be delivered several
times a week.

Lesson 12.4: Visiting Nurse Groups

Duration: One (1) hour

Lesson Proper
Home visiting nurses (HVNs) have long been part of a home and community-
based care interventions designed to meet the needs of functionally declining
older adults.

Beginning in the 1960s, a variety of interventions have developed that aim to

meet better the needs of older persons whose physical or mental functioning
has declined. Yet, they desire to continue living in the community rather than
relocate to a nursing home or other institution.

What Is A Home Visit Nurse?

Home visit nurses are essentially traveling treatment providers, who may
attend to basic needs such as hygiene and nutrition, to more specialized
care like medications, infusions, and even emergency interventions. In the
public health sector, you may work in conjunction with community wellness
programs or available care facilities. This home visit can allow individuals in
the municipality to have access to the treatments and support they need for

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 wellness and a better quality of life.

Home visit nurses may work alone or as part of a larger team and would be
responsible for participating in the following duties:

 Visit individuals within the community to provide healthcare

services.
 Monitoring client vitals and recording changes in condition.
 Taking patient histories and organizing health records.
 Administering medications, ventilator, or IV therapies
 Attend to primary care needs.
 Report patient updates to supervisory staff members.
 Provide education for coping and management of conditions
to patients.

For you to become a home visit nurse, you should have the following
qualities:

 Organizational skills: - You will need to maintain

accountability for tasks and clients assigned to your care,
and ensure that your supplies are in order before setting out
each day.

 Punctuality and tasking: - While much of the job depends on

traveling to different residential locations, you will be
responsible for attending to public needs in a timely and
accountable manner.

 Recordkeeping requires the health care provider to take

patient notes and enter them accurately into facility
databases, as this will help communicate changes and
concerns in client needs.

 Basic nursing skills requires the health care provider a

comprehensive knowledge of nursing practices and scope of
treatments, whether you are an LPN or an RN.

 The interpersonal skills of the health care provider to have an interaction

with others will include the public, your clients, and fellow health team
members.

Nature of The Work

1. Provide clinical care in a residential setting.

 For this job, you will need to spend time at a healthcare facility for
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 scheduling, coordinating, and reporting to fellow health team members.

2. Engage in administrative and educational tasks.

 This can include reporting the benefits of home health care to the
municipal governing agencies and developing promotion and awareness
for these outreach services.

Education and Training

1. An LPN or an RN, so two year or four-year degrees in nursing, along

with the required clinic rotations, would allow you to follow this career
path.

2. You will also need to have a valid nursing license for the state that you
work in, and a valid driver’s license for this position

Final Requirement 12

Technological advancement has been so imminent that it vastly influenced even the
healthcare delivery system as Telehealth worldwide emerges. As your final
requirement for this particular course unit, you are provided a video link that shows
Telehealth practices and your task is to make a reaction paper summarizing your
thoughts about the advantages and disadvantages of this evolving healthcare
practices local and abroad.

Your video link here – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-

YWez0BGa8I&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR10xzCwxTdZgZ6nMC2BncstD6-
rZUHDniu8SPG0pWGoCJ0yMSME6-DxHlo

Prepare the write up in an A4 size paper with the prescribed format of Arial font style,
12 font size and 1" margins in all borders. For the evaluation of this project please
refer to rubric for written output.

Unit 12 References
Berman A, Snyder S, Frandsen G. (2016). Kozier & Erb's Fundamentals of
Nursing. 10th Edition. Pearson Education Limited. England

Eliopoulus, C. (2017) Gerontological Nursing. Ninth Edition pp.48- Williams &

Wilkins

Hinckle, J., and Cheever, K. (2016). Brunner & Suddarth’s Textbook of Medical-
Surgical Nursing. 13th Edition. The Philippines. Wolters Kluwer Health/
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Miller, C (2012). Nursing for Wellness in Older Adults. Sixth Edition. Wolters
Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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Potter, P (2016). Fundamentals of Nursing. 10th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences

Weber, J. R., and Kelley, J. H. (2018). Health Assessment in Nursing, Sixth

Edition. C & E Publishing Inc.

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Glossary

A durable power of attorney a formal legally endorsed document that identifies a

proxy decision-maker who can make decisions if the signer becomes incapacitated. 

Active memory is a memory that is currently the focus of consciousness or was

recently in awareness.

Activities of daily living is a term used to collectively describe fundamental skills

that are required to independently care for oneself, such as eating, bathing, and
mobility. Activities of daily living (ADLs) toileting, feeding, dressing, grooming,
bathing, and ambulating

Andropause or Viropause is a condition related to testosterone levels, which also

declines with age.

Anosmia is a loss of the sense of smell that can result in food tasting bland.

Aphasia is a condition that robs you of the ability to communicate. It can affect your
ability to speak, write, and understand language, both verbal and written. It typically
occurs suddenly after a stroke or a head injury.

Apraxia is a disorder of the brain and nervous system in which a person cannot
perform tasks or movements when asked, even though: The requestor command
willing to complete the job.
Assistive technology technological tools that enable a person to
maximize independence

Atrophy is the progressive degeneration or shrinkage of muscle or nerve tissue.

Autonomy is the authority to make decisions and the freedom to act under one's
professional knowledge base.

Baby boomers are a group of people born in the years following World War II when
there was a temporary marked increase in the birth rate. 

Background noise is an extraneous sound heard while listening to or monitoring

other sounds.

Beneficence It is an ethical principle that addresses the idea that a nurse's actions
should promote well. Doing good is thought of as doing what is best for the patient.

Biological aging refers to the physical changes that "slow us down" as we get into
our middle and older years, our arteries might clog up, or our lungs' problems might
make it more difficult for us to breathe.
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Cataract Is a cloudy or opaque area in part of the lens or the entire lens that
interferes with the passage of light through the lens, causing problems with glare and
blurred vision. Cataracts usually develop gradually, without pain, redness, or tearing
in the eye.

Chronological age is the number of years since someone was born.

Cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding

through thought, experience, and the senses.

Communication Enhancement Model promotes health in old age by stressing

recognition of individualized cues, modifying communication to suit individual needs
and situations, appropriate assessment of the health/social problems, and
empowerment of both elders and providers.

Compensatory hypertrophy refers to the enlargement of a tissue or organ due to

the removal or damage remaining nephrons.

Conflict theory is a theory that society is perpetually conflicted because of

competition for limited resources.

Consent is the granting of permission to have the action in a procedure to perform. 

Declarative memory is a type of long-term memory that involves conscious

recollection of particular facts and events.

Diabetic retinopathy is pathological changes in the retina's blood vessels, resulting

in decreased vision or vision loss caused by hemorrhage and macular edema.
Disability inability to perform activities normally
Disability inability to perform activities normally

Dry eyes can occur when you're unable to produce enough tears.

Dysarthria occurs when the muscles you use for speech are weak, or you have
difficulty controlling them, often causes slurred or slow speech that can be difficult to
understand.

Elder abuse – the physical, emotional, or financial harm to an older person by one
or more of the individual's children, caregivers, or others; includes neglect. 

Elder law is a specialized legal practice area, covering estate planning, wills, trusts,
arrangements for care, social security and retirement benefits, protection against
elder abuse (physical, emotional, and financial), and older people.

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Elder maltreatment refers to the seven types of abuse and neglect: physical abuse,
sexual abuse, emotional or psychological abuse, financial or material exploitation,
abandonment, neglect, and self-neglect. 

Elderspeak is a specialized speech style used by younger adults with older adults,
characterized by more straightforward vocabulary and sentence structure, filler
words, lexical fillers, overly-endearing terms, closed-ended questions, using the
collective "we," repetition, and speaking more slowly.

Episodic memory is a type of long-term memory that involves conscious

recollection of previous experiences and their context regarding time, place,
associated emotions, and more other feelings.

Exploitation is the illegal or improper use of an individual's resources

Financial or material abuse is illegal or improper exploitation or use of funds or

resources of the older person.
Frailty condition in which a person has low endurance and weakness

Functionalism describes that all aspects of a society serve a function and are
necessary for society's survival.

Geriatrics is the practice that focuses on the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, and
management of older adults' disorders and diseases.

Gerontologic nursing is related to assessing, planning, implementing and

evaluating older adults in all environments, including acute, intermediate, and skilled
care, and within the community.

Gerontology is the aging process that draws from the biological, psychological, and
sociological sciences—studying all aspects of aging and its consequences.

Glaucoma A slowly progressive increase in intraocular pressure that, if left

untreated, causes advanced pressure against the optic nerve, resulting in peripheral
vision loss, decreased visual acuity with difficulty adapting to darkness, and a halo
effect around lights.
Handicap limitation to fulfill a role

Hematopoiesis is the formation and maturation of blood cells from stem cells.
Occurs in the extravascular marrow spaces that contain endothelial cells, fibroblasts,
macrophages, and adipocytes (which provide growth factors, collagen, and cell
adhesion proteins)

Hyperlipidemia means your blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol
and triglycerides. 

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Immunity is a condition of resisting a particular disease primarily by preventing the
development of pathogenic microorganisms or counteracting the effects of its
products.
Impairment physical or psychological restriction
Impairment physical or psychological restriction
Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) tasks required for community living,
such as shopping, meal preparation, laundry, housekeeping, use of telephone,
money management, medication management

Instrumental daily living (IADLs) are complex skills needed for independent living,
such as shopping, cooking, managing finances, traveling by cars, or public
transportation. 

Justice states that there should be an element of fairness in all medical decisions:
fairness in decisions that burden and benefit, as well as equal distribution of scarce
resources and new treatments, and for medical practitioners to uphold applicable
laws and legislation when making choices.

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca is a common cause of decreased tear production

experienced in aging.

Lithogenic bile is bile that favors gallstone production associated with several
conditions: the most important is increased secretion of cholesterol in the bile

Macular degeneration is a condition in which the macula (the specialized portion of

the retina responsible for central vision) loses its ability to function efficiently. First
signs
Meniere's Disease

Menopause is the point in time when menstrual cycles permanently cease due to
the natural depletion of ovarian oocytes from aging.

Neglect Is the refusal or failure to fulfill a caregiving obligation.

Nonmaleficence means that nurses must not harm intentionally. Nurses must
provide a standard of care that avoids risk or minimizing it related to medical
competence. An example of nurses demonstrating this principle includes avoiding
the negligent care of a patient.

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs when the protective
cartilage that cushions the ends of your bones wears down over time.

Osteoporosis a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile
from loss

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Otosclerosis is a hereditary disorder causing progressive deafness due to the
overgrowth of bone in the inner ear.

Physical abuse is the infliction of pain or injury, physical coercion, or physical or

drug-induced restraint.

Polypharmacy is an increase in the number of medicationsthan are medically

necessary. It is common in older ambulatory care, hospital, and nursing home
patients. Polypharmacy increases the risk of numerous adverse health
consequences in the elderly

Presbycusis is the loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most individuals as they
advanced in age.

Presbyopia is a gradual decline to accommodate or focus on close objects. The

individual is unable to see near objects.

Psychological abuse is a form of abuse characterized by a person subjecting or

exposing another person to behavior that may result in psychological trauma,
including anxiety, chronic depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.

Psychological aging refers to the psychological changes, including those involving

mental functioning and personality that occur as we age. Some people who are 65,
for example, can look and act much younger than some who are 50.

Rehabilitative care therapies developed by physicians and therapists focused on

returning individuals to their previous level of function

Restorative care that assists people in maintaining or improving the current status
of the process, avoiding decline and complications, and achieving the highest
possible quality of life

Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle tissue as a natural part of the aging process.

Self-neglect is the person who chooses to avoid medical care or other services that
would promote optimal functioning.

Senescence refers to"the time-dependent accumulation of damage at the molecular

level that begins at fertilization and eventually expressed as nonspecific vulnerability,
impaired function, disease, and ultimately death."

Senior citizen is an older adult aged 60 who is retired and living on a pension. 

Sexual abuse is a non-consensual sexual contact of any kind with the older person.

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Social aging refers to changes in a person's roles and relationships, both within
their networks of relatives and friends and informal organizations such as the
workplace and worship houses.

Symbolic interactionism is the view of social behavior that emphasizes linguistic or

gestural communication and its subjective understanding, especially the role of
language in forming the child as a social being.

Tinnitus Is the perception of noise or ringing in the ears

Verbal communication is exchanging information using speech. Your choice of

words and tone are essential.

Visceral hyperalgesia is the pain of the inner organs or viscera, which is more
intense than usual.

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