Definition Demand by experts:

According Gilarso (2007)

In economics the term demand has a certain meaning, which always refers to a certain relationship
between the amount of item purchased by the people and the price of the item. Demand is the total
of an item that is willing and able to be purchased at various possible prices, over a period of time,
assuming that everything else remains the same (ceteris paribus).

Sadono Sukirno (2005)

Demand theory is a theory that explains the characteristics of the relationship between the amount
of demand and the price. Based on the characteristics of the relationship between demand and
price, it can be made a graph of the demand curve.

According to Adiwarman A. Karim (2007)

Demand of item is that the price factor of a commodity is a dependent variable that will determine
some amount of the commodity concerned asked by the consumer.

Definition Bidding according to experts:

According to Hanafie (2010)

In economics the term supply means the quantity of a particular item that is willing to be sold at
various possible prices, over a period of time, ceteris paribus. Offer indicates the amount (maximum)
that is willing to be sold at various price levels or at any price (minimum) that still encourages the
seller to offer various quantities of a item. The relationship between the price per unit and the
amount to be sold is defined in the law of supply: ceteris paribus, producer or seller tends to
produce and offer more at a higher price than at a low price.

Types of Offer
• Individual Offer
An individual offer is the amount of item and / or services that a seller or producer offers at a given
time, place and unit of price.
• Market Offerings
Market supply is the quantity of item and / or services offered by a group of sellers or several
producers at specific times, places and units of price.

In general, the demand function states the relation of the quantity demanded and the factors that
affect it at a particular place and time.

Types of Demand
Based on purchasing power
Absolute demand, is a demand that is not accompanied by purchasing power or demand that is not
accompanied by the capability to buy. So just simply want but can not afford to buy.
Potential demand, a demand accompanied by purchasing power, but has not been used to buy item
or services desired.
Effective demand, is a demand accompanied by purchasing power and has been used to purchase
item or services desired.
Based on the number of requests
Individual requests, constituting requests originating from a person or request derived from their
respective personal.
Collective demand / market demand, is a request that is a collection of individual requests or
requests made by a group of people or society as a whole at the same time.