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A guide to creating with the Onion Omega2

Volume 1

Omega2
Project Book
onion.io
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RXy AMi`Q/m+iBQM iQ i?2 PK2;k kR

h?2 TBt2H #`B;?iM2bb Bb /Dmbi#H2- b r2HH b BMp2`bBQM Q7 r?Bi2 M/ #H+FX  bBM;H2 +QKKM/ 2M#H2b
#mBHi@BM b+`QHHBM; MBKiBQMb- r?2`2 i?2 +QMi2Mib Q7 i?2 2MiB`2 /BbTHv +M #2 b+`QHH2/ iQ i?2 H27i- `B;?i- Q`
/B;QMHHv H27i- M/ `B;?iX
6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb b22,
Ç PG1. 1tTMbBQM ?`/r`2 Qp2`pB2r
Ç :mB/2 iQ mbBM; i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM

1i?2`M2i 1tTMbBQM

// M 2i?2`M2i TQ`i 7Q` rB`2/ M2irQ`F +QMM2+iBpBiv rBi? i?2 1i?2`M2i 1tTMbBQMX

h?2 PK2; ?b  RyfRyy 2i?2`M2i TQ`i- K2MBM; Bi bmTTQ`ib i`MbKBbbBQMb i Ry J#Tb M/ Ryy J#TbX
h?2 PK2; ?b 2ti2MbBp2 M2irQ`FBM; +T#BHBiB2b- mb2 i?2 1i?2`M2i 1tTMbBQM iQ b?`2 M2irQ`F ++2bb
#2ir22M rB`2/ M/ rB`2H2bb M2irQ`FbX P`- Dmbi T`QpB/2  rB`2/ M2irQ`F +QMM2+iBQM iQ i?2 PK2;X
kk *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb b22,


Ç 1i?2`M2i 1tTMbBQM ?`/r`2 Qp2`pB2r
Ç :mB/2 iQ mbBM; i?2 1i?2`M2i 1tTMbBQM

:Sa 1tTMbBQM

h?2 la"@#b2/ :Sa 1tTMbBQM T`QpB/2b HQ+iBQM /i 7`QK i?2 :HQ#H SQbBiBQMBM; avbi2K U:SaV
bi2HBii2bX

h?2 QM@#Q`/ Mi2MM Bb +QMM2+iBM; mbBM;  mX6G Mi2MM +QMM2+iQ`- K2MBM; i?i Bi +M #2 2bBHv
mMTHm;;2/ M/ `2TH+2/ rBi?  H`;2`- KQ`2 TQr2`7mH Mi2MMX
6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb b22,
Ç :Sa 1tTMbBQM ?`/r`2 Qp2`pB2r
Ç :mB/2 iQ mbBM; i?2 :Sa 1tTMbBQM
RXy :2iiBM; ai`i2/ kj

:2iiBM; ai`i2/

Cmbi ;Qi vQm` PK2; M/ rQM/2`BM; ?Qr 2t+iHv iQ ;2i iQ KFBM; AQh i?BM;b\ :Q i?`Qm;? Qm` :2i
ai`i2/ :mB/2 M/ vQmǶHH H2`M M/ ++QKTHBb? i?2 7QHHQrBM;,
Ç S`QT2`Hv +QMM2+iBM; i?2 PK2; iQ  .Q+F M/ T`QpB/BM; TQr2`
Ç G2`MBM; vQm` PK2;Ƕb mMB[m2 MK2 UBiǶb Dmbi PK2;@ M/ i?2 7Qm` #QH/2/ ?2t /B;Bib QM i?2 PK2;Ƕb
+Qp2`V
Ç *QMM2+iBM; i?2 PK2; iQ vQm` qB6B M2irQ`F
Ç lT/iBM; i?2 PK2; iQ i?2 Hi2bi }`Kr`2
h?2M vQmǶHH #2 `2/v iQ bi`i QM i?2 T`QD2+ib5
A7 vQmǶ`2 +m`BQmb- ?2`2Ƕb bQK2 KQ`2 `2+QKK2M/2/ `2/BM;,
Ç *QMM2+iBM; iQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb *QKKM/ GBM2
Ç lbBM; i?2 *QMbQH2- i?2 PK2;Ƕb r2#@#b2/ pB`imH /2bFiQT
Ç M Qp2`pB2r Q7 HH Q7 i?2 PMBQM ?`/r`2
A7 vQmǶ`2 2t+Bi2/ iQ ;2i #mBH/BM;- ;Q QM ?2/X _2K2K#2` iQ ;Q #+F iQ i?2 PMBQM .Q+mK2MiiBQM B7
vQmǶ`2 HQQFBM; 7Q` +H`B}+iBQM QM ?Qr bQK2i?BM; rQ`Fb5

h?2 *QKKM/ GBM2

h?2 PK2;Ƕb QT2`iBM; bvbi2K UPaV Bb #b2/ QM GBMmt-  TQTmH` QT2M@bQm`+2 Pa i?i TQr2`b b2`p2`b M/
+QKTmi2`b HH Qp2` i?2 rQ`H/X h?2 p2`bBQM QM i?2 PK2; Bb  KBMBKHBbiB+ M/ HB;?ir2B;?i /Bbi`B#miBQM
k9 *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

+HH2/ G1.1- r?B+? biM/b 7Q` GBMmt 1K#2//2/ .2p2HQTK2Mi 1MpB`QMK2MiX Ai bmTTQ`ib KMv
T`Q;`KKBM; HM;m;2b M/ M/ +M `mM HH FBM/b Q7 +QKTH2t T`QD2+ib r?BH2 biBHH #2BM; bKHH 2MQm;? iQ
}i BM i?2 PK2;Ƕb K2KQ`vX

h?2 *QKKM/ GBM2 AMi2`7+2

q2 BMi2`+i M/ QT2`i2 i?2 PK2; #v mbBM; i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2 BMi2`7+2 U*GAVX h?2 *GA Bb i?2
mb2`Ƕb ++2bb TQBMi BMiQ i?2 QT2`iBM; bvbi2K mbBM;  i2ti@#b2/ i2`KBMH T`Q;`KX HH mb2` BMi2`+iBQM Bb
BMi2`T`2i2/ M/ 2t2+mi2/ #v i?2 Pa i?`Qm;? BMbi`m+iBQMb- Q` +QKKM/bX  mb2` 2Mi2`b  +QKKM/ BMiQ
 i2`KBMH iQ KF2 bQK2i?BM; ?TT2MX
h?2 *GA +M HQQF bQK2i?BM; HBF2 i?2 TB+im`2 #2HQrX AM i?Bb i2`KBMH T`Q;`K QM qBM/Qrb- i?2 ;`22M #Qt
Bb r?2`2 i?2 +QKKM/b vQm ivT2 rBHH #2 /BbTHv2/ QM i?2 b+`22MX

q2ǶHH +Qp2` ?Qr iQ /Q i?2 7QHHQrBM;,


Ç LpB;iBM; i?`Qm;? i?2 }H2bvbi2K
Ç *`2iBM; UM/ /2H2iBM;V }H2b M/ /B`2+iQ`B2b
Ç *`2iBM; M/ KQ/B7vBM; i2ti }H2b

h?2 6BH2bvbi2K

AM GBMmt- 2p2`vi?BM; Bb  }H2X aQ Mim`HHv- i?2 }H2 bvbi2K Bb r?2`2  ;`2i /2H ?TT2MbX h?2 }H2bvbi2K
Q7 G1.1 Bb Q`;MBx2/ HBF2  i`22X i i?2 p2`v #QiiQK Q7  i`22 Bb i?2 `QQi- M/ bQ Bi Bb rBi? Qm` }H2bvbi2KX
f Bb i?2 mMBp2`bH bvK#QH 7Q` i?2 p2`v #QiiQK Q7 i?2 }H2bvbi2K @ i?2 `QQi /B`2+iQ`vX HH i?2 }H2b i?i i?2
Pa ?b ++2bb iQ +M #2 7QmM/ mM/2` bQK2 /B`2+iQ`v mM/2` fX
RXy h?2 *QKKM/ GBM2 k8

h?Bb Bb MQi iQ #2 +QM7mb2/ rBi? i?2 `QQi /B`2+iQ`vX AM G1.1- 2p2`v mb2` ;2ib i?2B` QrM ǵ?QK2Ƕ /B`2+iQ`v
iQ biQ`2 HH i?2B` T2`bQMH }H2bX PM i?2 PK2;- i?Bb Bb HQ+i2/ i f`QQif #v /27mHiX q?2M r2 +QMM2+i
iQ PK2;bǶ +QKKM/ HBM2 pB bb?- r2 +QMM2+i b i?2 `QQi M/ ;2i TH+2/ BMbB/2 i?2 f`QQif 7QH/2`X
U*QMM2+iBM; pB b2`BH rBHH TH+2 mb BM fXV
AM GBMmt bvbi2Kb-  Bb M HBb 7Q` i?2 ?QK2 /B`2+iQ`v- M/ +M #2 mb2/ BM b+`BTib M/ T`Q;`KbX 6Q`
2tKTH2- +HHBM;  }H2 BM fKvS`QD2+i Bb 2[mBpH2Mi iQ +HHBM; f`QQifKvS`QD2+iX
PM i?2 PK2;- HH i?2 +QMi2Mib BM i?2 f`QQif /B`2+iQ`v rBHH #2 T`2b2`p2/ i?`Qm;? Mv }`Kr`2 mT/i2bX
aQ 7Q` Qm` 2tT2`BK2Mib- r2ǶHH i`v iQ biQ`2 Qm` }H2b BM i?2`2 bQ i?2v biv Tmi5
h?2 ?QK2 /B`2+iQ`v QM Qi?2` GBMmt bvbi2Kb Kv HQQF HBF2 f?QK2fImb2`MK2=

LpB;iBM; i?2 6BH2bvbi2K

LpB;iBQM mbmHHv +QMbBbib Q7 }M/BM; Qm` HQ+iBQM- HQQFBM; 7Q` HM/K`Fb- M/ i?2M b2iiBM;  +Qm`b2 7Q`
Qm` /2biBMiBQMX hQ i?i 2M/- r2ǶHH HQQF i i?2 Tr/- Hb- M/ +/ +QKKM/b iQ H2i mb /Q Dmbi i?iX

GQ+iBM; Pm`b2Hp2b BM i?2 6BH2bvbi2K

q?2M r2 }`bi /`QT BMiQ i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2- r2 /QMǶi ;2i  HQi Q7 BM7Q`KiBQM #Qmi r?2`2 r2 `2X q2 QMHv
`2HHv FMQr i?i r2Ƕ`2 BM `QQi!QK2;@"*.X h?2 Tr/ +QKKM/ rBHH i2HH mb 2t+iHv r?2`2 r2 `2 `2HiBp2
iQ f
AKK2/Bi2Hv 7i2` HQ;;BM; BM- Tr/ b?QmH/ `2im`M bQK2i?BM; HBF2 i?Bb,
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O Tr/
f`QQi
h?Bb i2HHb mb r2Ƕ`2 BM i?2 f`QQif 7QH/2`- QM2 H2p2H /QrM 7`QK fX LQiB+2 i?i i?2 T`QKTi UHH i?2 i?BM;b
#27Q`2 OV H`2/v i2HHb mb r?2`2 r2 `2- i?2  Bb 2t+iHv Qm` rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`v f`QQiX

q?iǶb BM  .B`2+iQ`v\

LQr i?i r2 FMQr r?2`2 r2 `2- r2 b?QmH/ iF2  HQQF i Qm` bm``QmM/BM;bX hQ HBbi Qmi 2p2`v }H2 BM 
/B`2+iQ`v- i?2 Hb +QKKM/ Bb Qm` ;Q iQX
6Q` 2tKTH2- QM QM2 Q7 PMBQMǶb Q{+2 PK2;b- i?Bb Bb r?i Hb QmiTmib,
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O Hb
JEyR@/BKKBM;G2/bXTv +?2+Faekyyh2KTXb?
#BMB7vXb? +?2+Fh2KTXTv
r2bQK2- MQr r2 FMQr i?2`2Ƕb 7Qm` }H2b BM i?2 rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`vX
"mi rBi- i?2`2Ƕb KQ`25 LQi QMHv +M Hb HBbi i?2 rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`v- B7 r2 ;Bp2 Bi  Ti?- Bi +M HbQ T22F
BMiQ i?i Ti?X
 Ti? Bb i?2 7mHH HQ+iBQM Q7 bQK2i?BM; BM i?2 }H2bvbi2K- bi`iBM; 7`QK i?2 `QQiX
G2iǶb bv r2 rMi iQ iF2  HQQF BMiQ Qm` f /B`2+iQ`v- r2 +M TT2M/ f b M `;mK2Mi HBF2 bQ,
Hb f
q?B+? KB;?i `2im`M bQK2i?BM; HBF2 i?Bb,
ke *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

`QQi!PK2;@d**",O Hb f
#BM HB# `QK iKT
KMi `QQi mb` /2p
Qp2`Hv b#BM p` 2i+
T`Q+ bvb rrr
h?2 T`QKTi i2HHb mb r2Ƕ`2 biBHH BM - #mi i?Qb2 `2 7QH/2`b BM fX

uQm +M :2i h?2`2 7`QK >2`2

P7 +Qm`b2 r2 +MǶi biv BM i?2 bK2 rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`v 7Q`2p2`X q2 +M KQp2 `QmM/ /B`2+iQ`B2b mbBM; i?2
+/ +QKKM/X Ai biM/b 7Q` +?M;2 /B`2+iQ`vX
h?2 KQbi 7`2[m2Mi mb2 Q7 +/ Bb BM +QMDmM+iBQM rBi?  Ti? b i?2 `;mK2Mi- HBF2 bQ,
+/ f`QQi
h?Bb +QKKM/ +?M;2b i?2 T`2b2Mi rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`v iQ f`QQiX
1`HB2`- r2 K2MiBQM2/ i?2 B/2 Q7  ǵTi?Ƕ BM TbbBM;X  Ti? UQ` ǵ#bQHmi2 Ti?ǶV Bb HBF2 i?2 7mHH //`2bb
iQ bQK2i?BM; BM i?2 }H2 bvbi2KX 6Q` 2tKTH2- B7 vQm ?p2  /B`2+iQ`v +HH2/ FBii2Mb BM vQm` f`QQi 7QH/2`-
i?2 Ti? Q7 i?i /B`2+iQ`v Bb f`QQifFBii2MbX aBKBH`Hv- 7Q`  }H2 +HH2/ /Q`#H2XDT; BM f`QQifFBii2Mb-
i?2 Ti? rQmH/ #2 f`QQifFBii2Mbf/Q`#H2XDT;X
hvTBM; Qmi i?2 7mHH Ti? 2p2`vi?BM; +M #2+QK2 i2/BQmb- bQ i?2`2 `2 KMv b?Q`i+mib i?i +/ +M mM/2`@
biM/ BM i?2 7Q`K Q7 ǵ`2HiBp2 Ti?bǶX h?2`2 `2 bQK2 Ti? HBb2b i?i +?M;2 r?2`2 Bi H2/b /2T2M/BM;
QM i?2 +QMi2tiX
Ç hQ ;Q iQ i?2 f`QQi QM i?2 PK2; UQ` i?2 ?QK2 7QH/2` b  /Bz2`2Mi mb2`V +/ rBi? MQ `;mK2Mib
rBHH iF2 mb i?2`2X
Ç h?2 `2HiBp2 Ti? 7Q` i?2 ǵ/B`2+iQ`v #Qp2Ƕ Bb XX- bQ +/ XX rBHH iF2 mb mT QM2 H2p2H MQ Kii2` r?2`2
r2 `2X
Ç hQ ;2i iQ Mv bm#@/B`2+iQ`B2b BM i?2 rQ`FBM; /B`2+iQ`v- r2 +M +/ IMK2 Q7 /B`2+iQ`v= BMbi2/ Q7
i?2 #bQHmi2 Ti?X
HH Q7 i?2 b?Q`i+mib #Qp2 rQ`F rBi? 2+? Qi?2` iQQ5
G2iǶb bv r2 rMi iQ KQp2 irQ /B`2+iQ`B2b mT,
+/ XXfXX
h?2 }`bi XX 2tTM/b iQ ǵmT QM2 H2p2HǶ- M/ BM i?i /B`2+iQ`v- XX ;BM rBHH Q7 +Qm`b2 iF2 mb #+F mT QM+2
KQ`2X
q2 +M HbQ KQp2 iQ Qi?2` /B`2+iQ`B2b +QMiBM2/ BM T`2Mi /B`2+iQ`B2bX A7 XX ?/  /B`2+iQ`v +HH2/ TmTTB2b-
r2 +QmH/ `mM,
A7 r2 rMi iQ +/ mT M/ bB/2rvb BMiQ i?2 FBii2Mb /B`2+iQ`v- r2 +M mb2 i?2 Ti? XXfFBii2Mb @ mT QM2
H2p2H- M/ BMiQ FBii2Mb #2HQrX

AMi2`+iBM; rBi? i?2 6BH2bvbi2K

LpB;iBM; Bb p2`v mb27mH- #mi /QBM; i?BM;b rBi? }H2b Bb r?i ;2ib T`QD2+ib rQ`FBM;5 aQ iQ /Q i?i- r2ǶHH
;Q Qp2` +QKKM/b iQ +`2i2 M/ /2H2i2 /B`2+iQ`B2b- M/ +`2iBM; M/ `2KQpBM; }H2bX
q2ǶHH +Qp2` i?2 KF/B` M/ iQm+? +QKKM/b iQ +`2i2 i?BM;b- M/ i?2 `K +QKKM/ iQ ;2i `B/ Q7 i?2KX
RXy h?2 *QKKM/ GBM2 kd

*`2iBM; .B`2+iQ`B2b

h?2 KF/B` +QKKM/ HHQrb mb iQ +`2i2 2KTiv /B`2+iQ`B2bX _mM Bi HBF2 bQ,
KF/B` I.A_1*hP_u=
uQm +M mb2 #Qi? `2HiBp2 M/ #bQHmi2 Ti?bX a22 i?2 2tKTH2 #2HQr,
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O KF/B` ?2HHQ O `2HiBp2 Ti?
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O Hb
?2HHQ
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O KF/B` f`QQif?2HHQfrQ`H/ O #bQHmi2 Ti?
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O +/ ?2HHQ
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,f?2HHQO Hb
rQ`H/

*`2iBM; 6BH2b

h?2 iQm+? +QKKM/ +M #2 mb2/ iQ +`2i2 }H2bX h?2 bvMit HQQFb HBF2 i?Bb,
iQm+? I6AG1LJ1=
Ç A7 i?2 }H2 /Q2bMǶi 2tBbi v2i- Bi +`2i2b M 2KTiv }H2X
Ç A7 i?2 }H2 H`2/v 2tBbib- Bi mT/i2b i?2 iBK2 Bi rb Hbi KQ/B}2/ iQ r?2M vQm `M i?2 +QKKM/X
uQm +M +?2+F i?2 }H2Ƕb Hbi KQ/B}2/ iBK2 mbBM; Hb @H HBF2 BM i?2 2tKTH2 #2HQr,
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O iQm+? ?2HHQXiti
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O Hb @H
@`r@`@@`@@ R `QQi `QQi y J` kj kj,j3 ?2HHQXiti O r2^p2 +`2i2/ Qm` 7BH2
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O +i ?2HHQXiti
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O O MQi?BM; ?TT2Mb- i?2 7BH2 Bb 2KTiv
XXX
UrBi  KBMmi2 Q` irQV
XXX
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O iQm+? ?2HHQXiti O mT/i2 i?2 iBK2 Bi rb Hbi KQ/B7B2/
`QQi!PK2;@"*.,O Hb @H
@`r@`@@`@@ R `QQi `QQi y J` kj kj,9R ?2HHQXiti O i?2 KQ/B7B2/ iBK2 mT/i2/

.2H2iBM; 6BH2b M/ .B`2+iQ`B2b

.2H2i2  }H2 mbBM; i?2 `K +QKKM/ HBF2 bQ,


`K I6AG1LJ1=
hQ /2H2i2  /B`2+iQ`v M/ HH Q7 i?2 }H2b BMbB/2 Bi- `mM,
`K @`7 I.A_1*hP_u=
h?2b2 irQ QTiBQMb `2 2tTHBM2/ #2HQr,
Ç @` @ `2+m`bBp2 KQ/2
Ĝ h?Bb K2Mb iQ ;Q BMiQ  /B`2+iQ`v M/ /2H2i2 HH Q7 i?2 }H2b BMbB/2X
Ĝ A7 Bi }M/b KQ`2 /B`2+iQ`B2b- Bi 2Mi2`b i?2K M/ /2H2i2b i?2B` +QMi2Mib b r2HHX
k3 *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

Ĝ h?Bb Bb `2[mB`2/ r?2M /2H2iBM; /B`2+iQ`B2b- Qi?2`rBb2 Bi rBHH `2im`M M 2``Q`X


Ç @7 @ 7Q`+2
Ĝ h?Bb rBHH KF2 i?2 T`Q;`K +QMiBMm2 B7 Bi `mMb BMiQ M 2``Q` r?2M i`vBM; iQ /2H2i2  }H2X

6BH2 1/BiBM; QM i?2 PK2;

h?2 T`QD2+ib `2 #b2/ QM +Q/2- r?B+? HBp2 BM }H2b- bQ Bi biM/b iQ `2bQM i?i r2ǶHH #2 /QBM; bQK2 }H2
2/BiBM; 7Q` 2+? Q7 Qm` T`QD2+ibX

PM i?2 PK2;- i?2`2Ƕb QM2 i2ti 2/BiQ` #v /27mHi @ oBKX AiǶb /Bz2`2Mi 7`QK KQ`2 7KBHB`- pBbmH 2/BiQ`b
BM ?Qr Bi rQ`Fb- bQ r2ǶHH +Qp2` i?2 #bB+b bmT2` [mB+FHv iQ ;2i iQ KFBM; +QQH i?BM;b 7bi2`5

*`2iBM; Q` PT2MBM;  6BH2

hQ rQ`F rBi?  }H2- bBKTHv +HH pBK I7BH2MK2=X Ai rBHH rQ`F B7 vQm /Q pB I7BH2MK2= b r2HHX

A7 i?2 }H2 H`2/v 2tBbib- Bi rBHH QT2M Bi BM pBKX A7 Bi /Q2bMǶi- Bi rBHH QT2M M 2KTiv i2KTQ``v }H2 rBi?
i?2 ;Bp2M MK2X

h?2 i2KTQ``v }H2 rQMǶi #2 T2`KM2Mi mMiBH vQm bp2 Bi5

A7 vQm ivT2 i?BM;b BKK2/Bi2Hv r?2M pBK bi`ib- MQi?BM; rBHH +QK2 QmiX aQ ?Qr /Q r2 ;2i i2ti BM\

q`BiBM; h2ti

>Bi B iQ ;2i BMiQ ǵBMb2`i KQ/2Ƕ- MQr r2 +M bi`i 2Mi2`BM; i2ti5

h?2 +QMi`QHb Q7 BMb2`i KQ/2 b?QmH/ #2 [mBi2 7KBHB` B7 vQmǶp2 mb2/ MQi2T/ #27Q`2X h?2 F2vb rBHH BMb2`i
+?`+i2`b- i?2 ``Qr F2vb T`QpB/2 M;BpiBQM- M/ ?QK2f2M/fT;mTfT;/M rBHH #2?p2 ++Q`/BM;HvX

oBK Bb #b2/ QM /Bz2`2Mi KQ/2bX 1Mi2`BM; +?`+i2`b M/ TbiBM; rBi? +i`H@b?B7i@p rBHH QMHv rQ`F BM
BMb2`i KQ/2X

oBK #2;BMb BM MQ`KH KQ/2- r?2`2 HH F2vbi`QF2b `2 BMi2`T`2i2/ b +QKKM/bX aQ HH i?2 i2ti vQm
rMi iQ Tbi2 rBHH #2 BMi2`T`2i2/ b +QKKM/b- +mbBM; HQib Q7 mMT`2/B+i#H2 +?M;2b iQ i?2 }H2X

A7 KBbiF2b r2`2 K/2- r?i +M r2 /Q\

lM/Q M/ _2/Q

lM/Q Bb  MQ`KH KQ/2 7mM+iBQM- ?Bi 1a* M/ T`2bb m iQ mM/Q i?2 Hbi #Bi Q7 +?M;2b K/2X hQ `2/Q ?Bi
+i`H@` BM MQ`KH KQ/2X

h?2 `2bQM r2 ?Bi 1a* }`bi Bb iQ `2im`M iQ MQ`KH KQ/2X aQ BMbi2/ Q7 BMb2`iBM; m- pBK rBHH mM/Q i?2 Hbi
+?M;2b r2 K/2X

PM+2 i?2 +Q/2 Bb }t2/- BiǶb iBK2 iQ bp2X


RXy AMi`Q iQ Svi?QM kN

apBM; *?M;2b

>Bi 1a* iQ 2Mi2` MQ`KH KQ/2- i?2M ,r M/ 2Mi2`X


1Mi2`BM; , +HHb i?2 ǵ+QKKM/ HBM2Ƕ Q7 pBK- r?2`2 r2 +M `mM pBKǶb H2bb Q7i2M mb2/ 7mM+iBQMbX h?2
+QKKM/ r2 ;Bp2 Bi Bb r r?B+? biM/b 7Q` ǵr`Bi2 iQ }H2ǶX aBM+2 , rQ`Fb HBF2  +QKKM/ HBF2- r2 ?p2 iQ
2Mi2` iQ b2M/ Qm` +QKKM/ iQ BiX
h?2 KQ`2 +QKKQMHv mb2/ +QKKM/b BM pBK `2 `2Hi2/ iQ MpB;iBM;- +QTvfTbiBM;- M/
2/BiBM; +?mMFb Q7 i2ti @ HBF2 m 7Q` mM/QX
LQr i?i r2Ƕp2 bp2/- r2ǶHH ?p2 iQ 2tBi pBK iQ i2bi i?2 b+`BTiX

ZmBiiBM; M/ apBM; +?M;2b

1a*- i?2M ,r[ 2Mi2`X


h?2 [mBiiBM; T`Q+2bb Bb p2`v bBKBH` iQ bpBM; @ `2im`M iQ MQ`KH KQ/2 rBi? 1a*- ivT2 , iQ 2Mi2` i?2 [
+QKKM/ iQ [mBi pBKX
oBK HbQ ?b i?2 #BHBiv iQ ++2Ti KmHiBTH2 +QKKM/b M/ 2t2+mi2 i?2K BM Q`/2`X aQ r2 +M bp2 M/
[mBi #v ivTBM; ,r[X

ZmBiiBM; rBi?Qmi apBM; *?M;2b

,[5
6Q`+BM; pBK iQ [mBi +M #2 /QM2 #v //BM; 5 iQ i?2 2M/ Q7 i?2 ,[ +QKKM/X
LQ`KHHv r?2M i`vBM; iQ 2tBi pBK rBi? mMbp2/ +?M;2b- pBK rBHH /2Mv i?2 ii2KTi b  b72 K2bm`2X
"mi [mBiiBM; rBi?Qmi bpBM; Bb HbQ mb27mH iQ `2p2`i `2HHv #B; +?M;2bX

JQ`2 QM oB

h?2`2Ƕb  HQi KQ`2 i?M K22ib i?2 2v2 rBi? pBKX AiǶb +imHHv  p2`v TQr2`7mH 2/BiQ` mM/2` i?2 ?QQ/ M/
+M #2 BMbiHH2/ BM HH KDQ` QT2`iBM; bvbi2KbX A7 vQm rMi iQ H2`M ?Qr iQ KF2 i?2 KQbi Qmi Q7 Bi-
PT2M oBK ?b  7MibiB+ imiQ`BH i?i +M ;2i vQm bi`i2/X

AMi`Q iQ Svi?QM

Svi?QM Bb i?2 T`Q;`KKBM; HM;m;2 Q7 +?QB+2 7Q` i?Bb T`QD2+i #QQF bBM+2 BiǶb TQr2`7mH- ~2tB#H2- M/
;2M2`HHv 2bv iQ mb2X
b M BMi`Q/m+iBQM- i?Bb `iB+H2 rBHH +Qp2` bQK2 Q7 i?2 #bB+b bQ r2 +M ?Bi i?2 ;`QmM/ `mMMBM;5
Svi?QM Bb  ?B;?@H2p2H- BMi2`T`2i2/ HM;m;2 /2bB;M2/ 7Q` b+`BTiBM;X Ai bmTTQ`ib P#D2+i P`B2Mi2/ S`Q;`K@
KBM; @ r?B+? Bb  ?M/v 7`K2rQ`F i?i r2ǶHH #2 mbBM; [mBi2  #BiX
h?2 ?B;?@H2p2H T`i K2Mb i?i Svi?QM `2/b +HQb2` iQ 1M;HBb? i?M K+?BM2 BMbi`m+iBQMb M/ #bi`+ib
rv KMv Q7 i?2 HQr@H2p2H ?`/r`2 BMi`B++B2bX h?2 BMi2`T`2i2/ T`i K2Mb i?i Svi?QM +Q/2 Bb 2t2+mi2/
HBM2@#v@HBM2 #v i?2 +QKTmi2` b BiǶb #2BM; `mM @ b QTTQb2/ iQ HM;m;2b HBF2 * r?2`2 Bi Bb }`bi +QKTBH2/
#27Q`2 Bi +M #2 `mMX
jy *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

>Qr r2ǶHH mb2 Svi?QM

h?2 2tT2`BK2Mib rBHH T`QpB/2 +Q/2 i?i rQ`Fb Qmi Q7 i?2 #Qt i?i +M #2 /B`2+iHv +QTB2/ iQ i?2 PK2;
M/ `mMX q2ǶHH HbQ /Bb+mbb KQ`2 BMi2`2biBM; b2+iBQMb Q7 i?2 +Q/2 BM /2iBHX

Svi?QM avMit Pp2`pB2r

BKTQ`i iBK2

O T`BMi U^h?Bb HBM2 rBHH MQi #2 T`BMi2/^V

;`22iBM; 4 ^>2HHQ rQ`H/5^

T`BMi U;`22iBM;V

7Q` +QmMi BM `M;2Uy-RyV,


B7 U+QmMi W k 44 yV,
T`BMi U^hB+F^V
2Hb2,
T`BMi U^hQ+F^V
T`BMi U+QmMiV
iBK2XbH22TUyX8V

h?2 #Qp2 Bb  #HQ+F Q7 Svi?QM +Q/2 rBi? HH i?2 #bB+ #mBH/BM; #HQ+Fb Q7 i?2 HM;m;2X G2iǶb ;Q i?`Qm;?
Bi #Bi #v #BiX

o`B#H2b

;`22iBM; 4 ^>2HHQ rQ`H/5^

h?2 2[mHb bB;M U4V bbB;Mb i?2 bi`BM; ǵ>2HHQ rQ`H/5Ƕ iQ i?2 p`B#H2 MK2/ ;`22iBM;X
HH p`B#H2b BM Svi?QM `2 +`2i2/ i?Bb rv rBi? i?2 bbB;MK2Mi QT2`iQ`X

*QKK2Mib

O h?Bb Bb  +QKK2Mi

*QKK2Mib BM Svi?QM bi`i rBi?  OX Mv i2ti 7i2` i?2 ?b? BM i?2 bK2 HBM2 rBHH #2 B;MQ`2/ #v i?2
BMi2`T`2i2`X

6mM+iBQMb

T`BMi U^Dmbi  7mM+iBQM^V

6mM+iBQM bii2K2Mib
6mM+iBQMb BM Svi?QM ?p2 irQ T`ib,  7mM+iBQM MK2 M/  HBbi Q7 `;mK2Mib i?i `2 b2Mi iQ BiX
RXy AMi`Q iQ Svi?QM jR

LK2 `;mK2Mi
T`BMi ǵDmbi  7mM+iBQMǶ

h?2 MmK#2` Q7 `;mK2Mib i?i  7mM+iBQM iF2b +M #2 x2`QX aQK2 7mM+iBQMb `2im`M  pHm2 i?i vQm +M
bbB;M iQ  p`B#H2X

GQ;B+

B7 U+QmMi W k 44 yV,
T`BMi U^hB+F^V
2Hb2,
T`BMi U^hQ+F^V

h?2 B7f2Hb2 bi`m+im`2 Bb mb2/ iQ 2pHmi2 p`B#H2b M/ KF2 /2+BbBQMb #b2/ QM i?2KX HH BM/2Mi2/ HBM2b
7i2` i?2 B7 bii2K2Mi rBHH #2 2t2+mi2/ B7 i?2 +QM/BiBQM Bb K2iX h?2 }`bi mM@BM/2Mi2/ HBM2 7i2` i?2 B7
bii2K2Mi 2M/b i?2 bii2K2MiX 6Q` 2Hb2- HH BM/2Mi2/ HBM2b 7i2` i?2 2Hb2 HBM2 rBHH #2 2t2+mi2/ r?2M i?2
+QM/BiBQM Q7 i?2 B7 bii2K2Mi Bb mMK2iX aQ BM i?2 +Q/2 #Qp2- QMHv QM2 QTiBQM ;2ib 2t2+mi2/ U2Bi?2`
ǵhB+FǶ Q` ǵhQ+FǶV r?2M i?2 BMi2`T`2i2` ;2ib iQ i?Bb T`iX q?B+? QM2 /2T2M/b QM i?2 pHm2 Q7 +QmMiX
1ti` 2pHmiBQM bii2K2Mib +M #2 BMb2`i2/ b M 2HB7 #HQ+F HBF2 bQ,
B7 U+QmMi W k 44 yV,
T`BMi U^hB+F^V
2HB7 U+QmMi 44 jV,
T`BMi U^h+F^V
2Hb2,
T`BMi U^hQ+F^V

h?Bb //b  i?B`/ QTiBQM @ HH BM/2Mi2/ +Q/2 7i2` i?2 2HB7 bii2K2Mi rBHH #2 2t2+mi2/ B7,
Ç h?2 B7 +QM/BiBQM Bb mMK2i
Ç L. i?2 2HB7 +QM/BiBQM Bb K2i
LQr QM2 Q7 i?`22 QTiBQMb rBHH #2 2t2+mi2/- T`BMiBM; 2Bi?2` ǵhB+FǶ- ǵhQ+FǶ- Q` ǵh+FǶ /2T2M/BM; QM pHm2
Q7 +QmMiX

GQQTBM;

O 6Q`@HQQT rBi?  +QmMi2` p`B#H2


7Q` +QmMi BM `M;2Uy-RyV,
T`BMi U+QmMiV

O q?BH2@HQQT @ +?2+Fb +QM/BiBQM 7B`bi- i?2M bi`ib i?2 HQQT


r?BH2 U+QmMi I4 RyV,
T`BMi U+QmMiV

h?2 7Q`@HQQT +M Bi2`i2 Qp2` Mv HBbi- 2t2+miBM; HH BM/2Mi2/ +Q/2 7i2` i?2 7Q` bii2K2Mi b KMv iBK2
b i?2 MmK#2` Q7 2H2K2Mib BM i?2 HBbiX h?2 `M;2 7mM+iBQM `2im`Mb  HBbi Q7 BMi2;2`b BM i?2 ;Bp2M `M;2X aQ
jk *?Ti2` RX PMBQM PK2;k S`QD2+i "QQF oQHX R

i?2 7Q`@HQQT #Qp2 rBHH `mM Ry iBK2b- bK2 b i?2 2tKTH2 mT iQTX >Qr2p2` i?Bb HQQT rBHH T`BMi i?2 +QmMi
Q7 2+? +v+H2 BMbi2/ Q7 ǵhB+FǶ M/ ǵhQ+FǶX
h?2 r?BH2 HQQT +?2+Fb  bBM;H2 +QM/BiBQM 2p2`v HQQT- bQ BiǶb mb27mH 7Q` BM}MBi2 HQQTb M/ +?2+FBM; mMB[m2
+QM/BiBQMbX aBM+2 +QmMi /Q2bMǶi +?M;2 /m`BM; i?2 r?BH2 HQQT- Bi rBHH `mM 7Q`2p2` bbmKBM; +QmMi Bb MQ
;`2i2` i?M Ry- +QMiBMmQmbHv T`BMiBM; M mM+?M;BM; pHm2 Q7 +QmMiX

lbBM; GB#``B2b

O AKTQ`iBM;  HB#``v
BKTQ`i iBK2

h?2 BKTQ`i bii2K2Mi #Qp2 //b HH i?2 7mM+iBQMHBiv Q7 i?2 iBK2 biM/`/ HB#``v iQ #2 pBH#H2 BM
vQm` T`Q;`KX
*HHBM;  7mM+iBQM BM+Hm/2/ BM i?2 HB#``v Bb /QM2 mbBM; i?2 X MQiiBQM @ iBK2XbH22TUV rBHH +HH i?2
bH22TUV 7mM+iBQM BM i?2 iBK2 HB#``vX

G2`MBM; JQ`2 #Qmi Svi?QM

Svi?QM Bb  p2`v TQTmH` HM;m;2- bQ i?2`2Ƕb  i`2K2M/Qmb KQmMi Q7 imiQ`BHb Qmi i?2`2X A7 vQmǶ`2 biBHH
mMbm`2 Q7 ?Qr T`ib Q7 Qm` +Q/2 rQ`F- r2 `2+QKK2M/ iFBM;  HQQF i i?2 ;mB/2b Qp2` i i?2 Svi?QM qBFB
7Q` T`Q;`KK2`b Q` MQM@T`Q;`KK2`bX

q?2`2 *M A G2`M JQ`2\

hQ H2`M KQ`2 #Qmi i?2 PK2; M/ i?2 .Q+Fb  1tTMbBQMb- r?i +M #2 /QM2- M/ Km+? KQ`2- +?2+F
Qmi i?2 PMBQM PK2;k .Q+mK2MiiBQM,

A7 vQm 2M+QmMi2` Bbbm2b- `2 HQQFBM; 7Q` ?2HT rBi? /2#m;;BM;- Q` Dmbi ;2M2`H PK2; iHF- +?2+F Qmi i?2
PMBQM *QKKmMBiv 6Q`mK,

q?2`2 iQ :2i JQ`2 PMBQM S`Q/m+ib

:H/ vQm bF2/5 PMBQM T`Q/m+ib +M #2 Tm`+?b2/ 7`QK i?2 PMBQM QMHBM2 biQ`25
RXy _2TQ`iBM; Abbm2b jj

h?2vǶ`2 HbQ pBH#H2 7`QK  p`B2iv Q7 `2iBH2`b `QmM/ i?2 rQ`H/X AM 2Bi?2` +b2- +?2+F Qmi i?2 PMBQM
QMHBM2 biQ`2 iQ }M/ i?2 #2bi TH+2 iQ ;2i KQ`2 PMBQM ;2`5

_2TQ`iBM; Abbm2b

q?BH2 r2Ƕp2 /QM2 Qm` #2bi iQ KF2 bm`2 2p2`vi?BM; BM i?Bb T`QD2+i #QQF Bb RyyW +Q``2+i- BiǶb TQbbB#H2 i?i
r2Ƕp2 K/2 KBbiF2b- ivTQb- Q` H27i bimz QmiX q2 rQmH/ HbQ HQp2 iQ ?2` Mv +QKK2Mib Q` bm;;2biBQMb
vQm ?p25
A7 vQm }M/ Mvi?BM; KBbb rBi? i?2 T`QD2+i imiQ`BHb- TH2b2 H2i mb FMQr #v +`2iBM; M Bbbm2 QM :Bi>m#X
A7 vQm }M/  T`Q#H2K BM i?2 +Q/2 Q7  T`QD2+i- HH T`QD2+ib ?p2 i?2B` QrM :Bi>m# `2TQbBiQ`v- TH2b2 +`2i2
M Bbbm2 QM i?2 +Q``2bTQM/BM; `2TQbBiQ`vX
k % ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

h?2 PK2; Bb  ;`2i THi7Q`K iQ H2`M ?Qr iQ rQ`F rBi? 2H2+i`QMB+b- ?Qr iQ r`Bi2 T`Q;`Kb- M/ ?Qr
iQ BMi2`+i rBi? GBMmt bvbi2KbX G2iǶb bi`i rBi?  72r T`QD2+ib iQ ;2i +[mBMi2/ rBi? mbBM; i?2 PK2;X

*QM+2Tib

h?2 +QM+2Tib +Qp2`2/ BM i?2 bi`i2` T`QD2+ib,

Ç lbBM; b+`BTib iQ BKTH2K2Mi HQ;B+ M/ T2`7Q`K bT2+B}+ +iBQMb


Ç *QMi`QHHBM; 2ti2`MH 2H2+i`QMB+b mbBM; i?2 PK2;
je *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

S`QD2+ib

S`QD2+ib iQ ;2i vQm bi`i2/ rQ`FBM; rBi? i?2 PK2;,


RX JQ`b2 *Q/2 QM i?2 PK2;Ƕb G1.
Ç 6Q` Qm` p2`v }`bi T`QD2+i- r2ǶHH r`Bi2  b+`BTi i?i iF2b i2ti- +QMp2`ib Bi BMiQ KQ`b2 +Q/2- M/
b?Qrb i?2 KQ`b2 +Q/2 K2bb;2 QM i?2 PK2;Ƕb #mBHi@BM G1.
kX h`{+ GB;?i mbBM; G1.b
Ç :2i bi`i2/ KFBM; T`QD2+ib rBi? 2ti2`MH +B`+mBib #v +`2iBM;  KBMBim`2 i`{+ HB;?i rBi? 
72r G1.b

JQ`b2 *Q/2 QM M G1.

JQ`b2 +Q/2 Bb M QH/ #BM`v 2M+Q/BM; i?i i`MbKBib K2bb;2b H2ii2`@#v@H2ii2` i?`Qm;? bQmM/ Q`  ~b?BM;
HB;?iX
AM i?Bb T`QD2+i r2Ƕ`2 ;QBM; iQ r`Bi2  b+`BTi i?i rBHH #HBMF i?2 PK2;Ƕb G1. BM KQ`b2 +Q/2 #b2/ QM i?2
mb2`Ƕb BMTmi mbBM; i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@HBM2 BMi2`7+2X

Pp2`pB2r

aFBHH G2p2H, "2;BMM2`


hBK2 _2[mB`2/, R8 KBMmi2b
kXy JQ`b2 *Q/2 QM M G1. jd

AM;`2/B2Mib

Ç PMBQM PK2;k Q` PK2;kY


Ç Mv PMBQM .Q+F @ r2 HBF2 i?2 JBMB .Q+F 7Q` i?Bb T`QD2+i5

ai2T@#v@ai2T

h?Bb T`QD2+i rBHH iF2 /pMi;2 Q7  KQ`b2 G1. miBHBiv i?i +QK2b T`2@HQ/2/ QM i?2 PK2;X q2ǶHH i2bi
Qmi ?Qr Bi rQ`Fb- i?2M r`Bi2  b+`BTi iQ i`MbHi2 i2ti HBp2 b r2 2Mi2` Bi5

RX S`2T`2 i?2 BM;`2/B2Mib

uQmǶHH ?p2 iQ ?p2 M PK2;k `2/v iQ ;Q- +QKTH2i2 i?2 6B`bi hBK2 a2imT :mB/2 iQ +QMM2+i vQm` PK2;
iQ qB6B M/ mT/i2 iQ i?2 Hi2bi }`Kr`2X
h?Bb T`QD2+i `2[mB`2b i?2 mb2 Q7 i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@HBM2- bQ r2ǶHH ?p2 iQ 2Bi?2` aa> BMiQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb
+QKKM/@HBM2- Q` +QMM2+i b2`BHHvX
hQ H2`M KQ`2 QM ?Qr iQ +QMM2+i iQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@HBM2 vQm +M `2/ Qm` +QKT`2?2MbBp2 ;mB/2 iQ
+QMM2+iBM; iQ i?2 PK2;X

kX *QMi`QHHBM; i?2 G1. rBi? i?2 ǵKQ`b2Ƕ +QKKM/

h?2 PK2; +QK2b `2/v rBi?  F2`M2H KQ/mH2 i?i +M i`MbHi2 i2ti iQ JQ`b2 +Q/2 M/ #HBMF M G1.-
#mi vQmǶHH M22/ iQ i2HH i?2 F2`M2H r?B+? G1. vQm rMi iQ #HBMFX h?2 F2`M2H 2tTQb2b  HQi Q7 ?`/r`2
biimb M/ +QM};m`iBQM QTiBQMb i?`Qm;?  pB`imH }H2bvbi2K mM/2` fbvbX
h?2 }H2b mM/2` fbvb `2MǶi +imHHv }H2b- #mi i?2v HQQF M/ +i HBF2 }H2b iQ KF2 Bi p2`v 2bv
iQ ++2bb i?2K 7`QK i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2 M/ BM b+`BTib Q` T`Q;`KbX
hQ i2HH i?2 F2`M2H i?i r2 `2 ;QBM; iQ mb2 i?2 JQ`b2 +Q/2 KQ/mH2- b2i i?2 G1. i`B;;2` +QM/BiBQM 7Q` i?2
PK2; bvbi2K G1. iQ KQ`b2 #v mbBM; i?2 2+?Q +QKKM/ iQ r`Bi2 i?2 b2iiBM; BMiQ i?2 pB`imH }H2,
2+?Q KQ`b2 = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`

A7 vQmǶ`2 mbBM; M PK2;kY- i?2 G1. rBHH #2 MK2/ QK2;kT,K#2`,bvbi2K


aQ i?2 +QKKM/ rBHH HQQF HBF2 i?Bb BMbi2/,
2+?Q KQ`b2 = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;kT$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`

uQm +M p2`B7v i?i Bi rQ`F2/ #v mbBM; +i iQ HQQF i i?2 pB`imH }H2,
`QQi!PK2;@kd8d,O +i fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`
MQM2 KK+y iBK2` /27mHi@QM M2i/2p i`MbB2Mi ;TBQ ?2`i#2i (KQ`b2) QM2b?Qi

h?2 b[m`2 #`+F2ib BM/B+i2 i?i i?2 KQ`b2 i`B;;2` Bb +m``2MiHv b2H2+i2/X h?2 i2ti BM i?i }H2 b?Qrb i?2
Qi?2` pBH#H2 QTiBQMb i?i i?Bb T`iB+mH` #Bi Q7 i?2 F2`M2H +M #2 b2i iQX
Mvrv- MQr r2 ?p2 2p2`vi?BM; b2i mT5
PM+2 i?2 KQ`b2 QTiBQM Bb b2H2+i2/- i?2 F2`M2H +`2i2b  M2r pB`imH }H2 7Q` i?i +HH2/ K2bb;2X q2 rBHH
2+?Q i?2 i2ti r2 rMi iQ Bi,
j3 *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

2+?Q >2HHQ- PMBQM = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2KfK2bb;2

LQr ri+? vQm` G1.5


h?2 K2bb;2 rBHH F22T HQQTBM; 7Q`2p2` Q` mMiBH vQm +?M;2 BiX hQ biQT Bi- vQm +M 2Bi?2` +H2` i?2 K2bb;2
2MiB`2Hv,
2+?Q = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2KfK2bb;2

Q` +?M;2 i?2 G1. i`B;;2` iQ bQK2i?BM; 2Hb2,


2+?Q /27mHi@QM = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`

/DmbiBM; i?2 .2Hv


A7 BiǶb iQQ 7bi Q` iQQ bHQr- vQm +M +?M;2 i?2 bT22/ rBi? i?2 /2Hv }H2,
`QQi!PK2;@Rk.N,O +i fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kf/2Hv
8y

hQ bHQr Bi /QrM  #Bi- r2 2+?Q  #B;;2` MmK#2`,


`QQi!PK2;@Rk.N,O 2+?Q Ryy = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kf/2Hv

jX lbBM;  a?2HH a+`BTi BMbi2/ Q7 ǵ2+?QǶ

*`2i2  }H2 +HH2/ KQ`b2Xb? BM i?2 `QQi /B`2+iQ`v mbBM; i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/,
pB f`QQifKQ`b2Xb?

uQmǶHH QT2M M 2KTiv }H2X hQ bi`i ivTBM; vQm +M 2Mi2` X


*QTv i?2 +Q/2 #2HQr BMiQ i?2 i2`KBMHX
O5f#BMfb?

O 7BM/ i?2 MK2 Q7 i?2 #Q`/- iQ #2 mb2/ BM i?2 MK2 Q7 i?2 G1.
X fHB#f`KBTbXb?
#Q`/40U`KBTbn#Q`/nMK2V

O /27BM2 i?2 7mM+iBQM i?i rBHH b2i i?2 G1. iQ #HBMF i?2 `;mK2Mib BM KQ`b2 +Q/2
nJQ`b2JBM UV &

2+?Q KQ`b2 = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bf0#Q`/$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`


2+?Q Rky = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bf0#Q`/$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kf/2Hv
2+?Q 0 = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bf0#Q`/$,K#2`$,bvbi2KfK2bb;2
'

OOOOO JBM S`Q;`K OOOOO

O `mM i?2 7mM+iBQM M/ Tbb BM HH Q7 i?2 `;mK2Mib


nJQ`b2JBM 0
kXy JQ`b2 *Q/2 QM M G1. jN

2tBi

h?Bb #HQ+F /B;`K b?Qrb i?2 bi2Tb i?2 nJQ`b2JBM 7mM+iBQM rBHH T2`7Q`K,

LQr iQ bp2 i?2 }H2 vQmǶHH ?p2 iQ 2Mi2` i?2 *QKKM/ JQ/2 #v ?BiiBM; i?2 1a* #miiQM QM vQm` F2v#Q`/X

h?2 *QKKM/ JQ/2 Q7 pB HHQrb vQm iQ 2Mi2` F2vb iQ T2`7Q`K +QKKM/b bm+? b bpBM; M/
2tBiBM;- 2tBiBM; rBi?Qmi bpBM;- Q` /2H2iBM; HBM2bX

hvT2 ,r[ M/ ?Bi 2Mi2` iQ bp2 M/ 2tBi vQm` }H2X
9y *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

uQm `2 MQr `2/v iQ +QMp2`i i2ti iQ KQ`b2 +Q/25

9X _mM Bi5

hQ `mM vQm` a+`BTi 2Mi2` i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/ iQ `mM vQm` b+`BTi,
b? f`QQifKQ`b2Xb? IuPl_ J1aa:1 >1_1=

1Mi2`  K2bb;2 i?i vQm rQmH/ HBF2 iQ #HBMF BM KQ`b2 +Q/2,


`QQi!PK2;@kd8d,O b? f`QQifKQ`b2Xb? >2HHQ PMBQM
kXy G1. h`{+ GB;?i 9R

PM+2 vQmǶ`2 /QM2- vQm +M b2i i?2 #HBMFBM; #+F iQ /27mHi@QM rBi? i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/,
2+?Q /27mHi@QM = fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;k$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`

_2K2K#2`- QM M PK2;kY- i?2 G1. rBHH #2 MK2/ QK2;kT,K#2`,bvbi2K b QT@


TQb2/ iQ QK2;k,K#2`,bvbi2K bQ vQm rBHH ?p2 iQ TBT2 i?2 #Qp2 +QKKM/ iQ
fbvbf+HbbfH2/bfQK2;kT$,K#2`$,bvbi2Kfi`B;;2`

G1. h`{+ GB;?i

6Q` i?Bb T`QD2+i- r2 rBHH #2 #mBH/BM;  rQ`FBM;- KBMBim`2 i`{+ HB;?i mbBM;  72r G1.b M/ i?2 PK2;X
q2ǶHH HbQ BMi`Q/m+2 i?2 #bB+b Q7 +QMi`QHHBM; i?2 PK2;Ƕb :SAPb rBi?  Svi?QM T`Q;`KX
9k *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

Pp2`pB2r

aFBHH G2p2H, "2;BMM2`


hBK2 _2[mB`2/, Ry KBMmi2b
q2ǶHH #2 mbBM; i?2 PMBQM :SAP Svi?QM KQ/mH2X h?Bb KQ/mH2 Bb i?2 #`2/ M/ #mii2` Q7 Mv T`QD2+i
r?2`2 vQm rBHH M22/ iQ +QMi`QH M/ BMi2`7+2 rBi? Qi?2` +B`+mBib5
h?2 +QKTH2i2 T`QD2+i +Q/2 +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb bi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?i `2TQ QM :Bi>m#X

AM;`2/B2Mib

Ç PMBQM PK2;k Q` PK2;kY


Ç Mv PMBQM .Q+F i?i 2tTQb2b i?2 PK2;Ƕb :SAPb, 1tTMbBQM .Q+F- SQr2` .Q+F- `/mBMQ .Q+F
k- "`2/#Q`/ .Q+F
Ç Rt "`2/#Q`/
Ç jt G1.b
Ĝ Rt `2/
Ĝ Rt v2HHQrfK#2`
Ĝ Rt ;`22M
kXy G1. h`{+ GB;?i 9j

Ç 9t CmKT2` qB`2b UJ@JV


Ç jt kyyǕ _2bBbi2`b

ai2T@#v@ai2T

6QHHQr i?2b2 BMbi`m+iBQMb iQ b2i i?Bb T`QD2+i mT QM vQm` p2`v QrM PK2;5

RX S`2T`2 i?2 BM;`2/B2Mib

uQmǶHH ?p2 iQ ?p2 M PK2;k `2/v iQ ;Q- +QKTH2i2 i?2 6B`bi hBK2 a2imT :mB/2 iQ +QMM2+i vQm` PK2;
iQ qB6B M/ mT/i2 iQ i?2 Hi2bi }`Kr`2X

h?Bb T`QD2+i rBHH M22/ i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@HBM2- bQ r2ǶHH ?p2 iQ 2Bi?2` aa> BMiQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@
HBM2- Q` +QMM2+i b2`BHHvX

hQ H2`M KQ`2 QM ?Qr iQ +QMM2+i iQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb +QKKM/@HBM2 vQm +M `2/ Qm` +QKT`2?2MbBp2 ;mB/2 iQ
+QMM2+iBM; iQ i?2 PK2;X
99 *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

qB`2 lT i?2 G1.b

RX SHm; BM i?2 G1.b +`Qbb i?2 #`2/#Q`/- rBi? i?2 +i?Q/2 QM i?2 H27i bB/2 Q7 i?2 ;T M/ i?2 MQ/2
QM i?2 `B;?iX
Ç JF2 bm`2 `2/ Bb #Qp2 K#2`- M/ K#2` #Qp2 ;`22M5
kX *QMM2+i QM2 2M/ Q7  kyyǕ `2bBbiQ` iQ i?2 +i?Q/2 `Qr- M/ i?2 Qi?2` 2M/ iQ i?2 M2;iBp2 `BH
K`F2/ @ QM i?2 H27i bB/2 Q7 i?2 #Q`/X
jX *QMM2+i i?2 @ `BH iQ QM2 Q7 i?2 :L. TBMb QM i?2 PK2;X
9X *QMM2+i i?2 :SAPb iQ i?2 G1.b BM i?2 7QHHQrBM; KMM2`,
Ç _2/ iQ :SAPk
Ç K#2` iQ :SAPR
Ç :`22M iQ :SAPy

RX AMbiHH Svi?QM

AMbiHH Svi?QM- i?2 `2[mB`2/ Svi?QM KQ/mH2- M/ :Bi #v `mMMBM; i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/b,

QTF; mT/i2
QTF; BMbiHH Tvi?QM@HB;?i TvPMBQM:TBQ ;Bi ;Bi@?iiT +@#mM/H2
kXy G1. h`{+ GB;?i 98

kX .QrMHQ/ i?2 S`QD2+i *Q/2

h?2 +Q/2 7Q` i?Bb T`QD2+i +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb bi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?i `2TQ QM :Bi>m#X lb2 ;Bi iQ
/QrMHQ/ i?2 +Q/2 iQ vQm` PK2;, MpB;i2 iQ i?2 f`QQi /B`2+iQ`v- M/ +HQM2 i?2 :Bi>m# `2TQ,
+/ f`QQi
;Bi +HQM2 ?iiTb,ff;Bi?m#X+QKfPMBQMAQhfbi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?iX;Bi
aBM+2 i?2 T`QD2+i +Q/2 Bb QMHv  bBM;H2 }H2- vQm +M /QrMHQ/ i?2 +Q/2 /B`2+iHv iQ pQB/ BMbiHHBM;
M/ mbBM; ;Bi,
KF/B` f`QQifbi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?i
+/ f`QQifbi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?i
r;2i ?iiTb,ff`rX;Bi?m#mb2`+QMi2MiX+QKfPMBQMAQhfbi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?ifKbi2`fKBMXTv

jX _mMMBM; i?2 S`QD2+i

1Mi2` i?2 T`QD2+i /B`2+iQ`v M/ `mM i?2 KBMXTv }H2,


+/ bi`i2`@i`77B+@HB;?i
Tvi?QM KBMXTv
uQm b?QmH/ b22 i?2 HB;?ib +?M;BM; +QHQ`5
9e *?Ti2` kX ai`i2` S`QD2+ib

*Q/2 >B;?HB;?i

q2 mb2 i?2 PMBQM :SAP Svi?QM KQ/mH2 iQ +QMi`QH i?2 :SAPbX Ai T`QpB/2b M Q#D2+i rBi? +QMp2MB2Mi
7mM+iBQMb bm+? b b2iPmiTmi.B`2+iBQMUV M/ b2ioHm2UV i?i HHQr mb iQ +QMi`QH i?2 PK2;Ƕb :SAPb
M/ #bi`+i  HQi Q7 i?2 rQ`F mM/2` i?2 ?QQ/X
6Q` bQK2 BMbB;?i BM ?Qr i?2 :SAP +Hbb rQ`Fb- iF2  HQQF i?2 KBMXTv }H2,
Ç 6B`bi- i?`22 PMBQM:TBQ Q#D2+ib `2 BMbiMiBi2/- rBi? i?2 :SAP MmK#2` Tbb2/ BMX LQr i?2`2 `2
i?`22 PMBQM:TBQ Q#D2+ib- 2+? +QMi`QHHBM; QM2 Q7 i?2 PK2;Ƕb :SAPb
Ç L2ti- HH i?`22 :SAPb `2 b2i iQ i?2 QmiTmi /B`2+iBQM rBi?  /27mHi pHm2 Q7 y Q` P66 #v +HHBM; i?2
b2iPmiTmi.B`2+iBQMUV 7mM+iBQM QM 2+? Q7 i?2 PMBQM:TBQ Q#D2+ib
Ç h?2M- i?2 pHm2b QM i?2 :SAPb +M #2 +?M;2/ i Mv iBK2 #v +HHBM; i?2 b2ioHm2UV 7mM+iBQM QM
i?2 Q#D2+ibX h?2 b2iaB;MHUV 7mM+iBQM b2ib i?2 pHm2 Q7 HH i?`22 :SAPb /2T2M/BM; QM i?2 +QHQ`
i?2 KBMBim`2 i`{+ HB;?i Bb K2Mi iQ #2 b?QrBM;- b /B+ii2/ #v i?2 7mM+iBQM `;mK2MiX
6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb- iF2  HQQF i i?2 PMBQM :SAP Svi?QM KQ/mH2 /Q+mK2MiiBQMX
j % PG1. 1tTMbBQM S`QD2+ib

LQr i?i vQmǶ`2  HBiiH2 KQ`2 7KBHB` rBi? mbBM; i?2 PK2;- H2iǶb iF2 /pMi;2 Q7 i?2 PK2;Ƕb rB`2H2bb
+QMM2+iBpBiv M/ T`Q+2bbBM; TQr2` iQ /Q +`2i2 bQK2 KQ`2 BMi`B+i2 T`QD2+ibX aBM+2 i?2 PK2;k AQh
+QKTmi2` /Q2bMǶi ?p2 pB/2Q QmiTmi HBF2  i`/BiBQMH +QKTmi2`- r2ǶHH mb2 i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM b i?2
T`BK`v rv iQ +QKKmMB+i2 BM7Q`KiBQM iQ mb2`bX

q2 +M ;2M2`i2 BK;2b iQ /BbTHv,

P` /BbTHv /i 7`QK QMHBM2 bQm`+2b Q` ii+?2/ ?`/r`2,


93 *?Ti2` jX PG1. 1tTMbBQM S`QD2+ib

*QM+2Tib

 ?B;?HB;?i Q7 i?2 +QM+2Tib i?i rBHH #2 +Qp2`2/ BM i?2b2 T`QD2+ib,


Ç +[mB`BM; /i 7`QK  QM2@rB`2 b2MbQ`
Ç .BbTHvBM; b2MbQ` /i QM i?2 PG1.
Ç :2M2`iBM; BK;2b iQ /BbTHv QM i?2 PG1.
Ç AMbiHHBM; //BiBQMH bQ7ir`2 QM i?2 PK2;
Ç lbBM; SAb iQ ;2i /i 7`QK QMHBM2 b2`pB+2b
Ç _2TQ`iBM; /i iQ i?2 l#B/Qib AQh SHi7Q`K

S`QD2+ib

RX Z_ *Q/2 :2M2`iQ`
Ç *`2i2 Z_ +Q/2b rBi? vQm` p2`v QrM i2ti M/ /BbTHv i?2K QM i?2 PG1. b+`22M
kX L2rb 6Hb? >2/HBM2b
Ç a?Qr i?2 Hi2bi M2rb ?2/HBM2b mbBM; vQm` PK2;
jX aiQ+F hB+F2`
Ç :2i biQ+F iB+F2` /i 7Q` vQm` 7pQ`Bi2 +QKTMB2b
9X hrBii2` 622/ .BbTHv
jXy K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ` 9N

Ç aiv mT iQ /i2 rBi? i?2 Hi2bi hr22i Q7 Mv hrBii2` mb2`


8X K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ`
Ç J2bm`2 M/ /BbTHv i?2 K#B2Mi i2KT2`im`2X Smb? i?2 /i iQ i?2 l#B/Qib AQh SHi7Q`K
M/ pB2r Bi 7`QK Mvr?2`25

K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ`

h?Bb T`QD2+i rBHH HHQr vQm iQ `2/ i2KT2`im`2 7`QK  /B;BiH b2MbQ`- /BbTHv Bi QM i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM-
M/ HbQ Tmb? i?2 /i iQ l#B/Qib AQh SHi7Q`K 7Q` HQ;;BM; M/ KQMBiQ`BM;5

oBbmHBx2 M/ i`+F i?2 /i QM l#B/Qib,


8y *?Ti2` jX PG1. 1tTMbBQM S`QD2+ib

Pp2`pB2r

aFBHH G2p2H, "2;BMM2`@AMi2`K2/Bi2

hBK2 _2[mB`2/, ky KBMmi2b

q2ǶHH #2 mbBM;  bQ7ir`2 R@qB`2 #mb iQ `2/ i?2 i2KT2`im`2 7`QK  b2MbQ`X h?2 +Q/2 rBHH i?2M r`Bi2
i?2 pHm2 QM i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM M/ Tmb? i?2 /i iQ vQm` l#B/Qib ++QmMiX q2Ƕ`2 HbQ mbBM; PMBQMǶb
TvPH2/1tT KQ/mH2 iQ T`QpB/2 +QMi`QH Q7 i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQMX

h?Bb T`QD2+i HbQ b?Qrb ?Qr- rBi?  HBiiH2 #Bi Q7 +`7iBM2bb- BiǶb TQbbB#H2 iQ mb2 i?2 PK2;Ƕb :SAPb iQ
+QMi`QH 2ti2`MH +B`+mBib r?BH2 biBHH mbBM; i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQMX

h?2 +QKTH2i2 T`QD2+i +Q/2 +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb i2KT2`im`2@KQMBiQ` `2TQ QM :Bi>m#X

AM;`2/B2Mib

Ç PMBQM PK2;k Q` PK2;kY


Ç Mv PMBQM .Q+F i?i bmTTQ`ib 1tTMbBQMb, 1tTMbBQM .Q+F- SQr2` .Q+F- `/mBMQ .Q+F k
Ç PMBQM PG1. 1tTMbBQM
Ç Rt .aR3"ky R@qB`2 h2KT2`im`2 a2MbQ`
Ç Rt 8XR FǕ _2bBbiQ`
Ĝ q2 mb2/ 8XR FǕ #mi Mvi?BM; #2ir22M 9 M/ e FǕ rBHH rQ`F Dmbi b r2HH
Ç jt JH2@iQ@62KH2 Q` JH2@iQ@JH2 CmKT2` qB`2b
Ĝ JF2 bm`2 i?2v mb2 i?`2/2/ rB`2 QM i?2 BMbB/2
Ç Rt "`2/#Q`/

hQQHb,

Ç qB`2 *mii2`
Ç qB`2 ai`BTT2`
jXy K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ` 8R

ai2T@#v@ai2T

6QHHQr i?2b2 BMbi`m+iBQMb iQ b2imT i?2 K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ` T`QD2+i QM vQm` p2`v QrM PK2;5

RX S`2T`2

uQmǶHH ?p2 iQ ?p2 M PK2;k `2/v iQ ;Q- +QKTH2i2 i?2 6B`bi hBK2 a2imT :mB/2 iQ +QMM2+i vQm` PK2;
iQ qB6B M/ mT/i2 iQ i?2 Hi2bi }`Kr`2X

.Q MQi THm; BM vQm` PG1. 1tTMbBQM Dmbi v2iX

kX AMbiHH aQ7ir`2

*QMM2+i iQ i?2 PK2;Ƕb *QKKM/ HBM2 M/ BMbiHH Svi?QM b r2HH b bQK2 Q7 i?2 T+F;2b r2 M22/,

QTF; mT/i2
QTF; BMbiHH Tvi?QM@HB;?i Tvi?QM@m`HHB#j TvPH2/1tT m#B/Qib@+HB2Mi ;Bi ;Bi@?iiT +@#mM/H2

h?2 Tvi?QM@m`HHB#j T+F;2 rBHH HHQr mb iQ KF2 >hhS `2[m2bib BM Svi?QM- r?BH2 i?2 TvPH2/1tT
T+F;2 ;Bp2b mb +QMi`QH Q7 i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQMX

h?2 m#B/Qib@+HB2Mi T+F;2 rBHH HHQr mb iQ Tmb? M/ TmHH /i 7`QK i?2 l#B/Qib AQh SHi7Q`KX

h?2 ;Bi- ;Bi@?iiT- M/ +@#mM/H2 T+F;2b rBHH HHQr mb iQ /QrMHQ/ i?2 T`QD2+i +Q/2 7Q`K :Bi>m#X

jX .QrMHQ/ i?2 S`QD2+i *Q/2

h?2 +Q/2 7Q` i?Bb T`QD2+i Bb HH /QM2 M/ +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb i2KT2`im`2@KQMBiQ` `2TQ QM :Bi>m#X
lb2 ;Bi iQ /QrMHQ/ i?2 +Q/2 iQ vQm` PK2;, MpB;i2 iQ i?2 f`QQi /B`2+iQ`v- M/ +HQM2 i?2 :Bi>m#
`2TQ,

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9X a2imT l#B/Qib

6B`bi- bB;M mT 7Q`  l#B/Qib ++QmMiX i i?2 iBK2 i?Bb rb r`Bii2M- vQm b?QmH/ ?p2 8yyy +`2/Bib BM vQm`
++QmMi pBH#H2 7Q` i`BH M/ i2biBM;X h?Bb Bb KQ`2 i?M 2MQm;? iQ ;2i i?Bb T`QD2+i `mMMBM;5

h?2M ;Q iQ i?2 ++QmMi ?QK2T;2- M/ +HB+F QM .2pB+2b i i?2 iQT- M/ +HB+F QM i?2 ;`2v // .2pB+2
#miiQMX *HH Bi R@rB`2@T`QD2+i HBF2 bQ,
8k *?Ti2` jX PG1. 1tTMbBQM S`QD2+ib

LQr r2 M22/ iQ //  p`B#H2 iQ biQ`2 Qm` /iX *HB+F QM i?2 /2pB+2Ƕb #Hm2 +`/ iQ ;Q iQ Bib /2pB+2 T;2X
h?2M +HB+F QM i?2 ;`2v // o`B#H2 #miiQM- i?2M +HB+F .27mHiX *HH i?2 M2r p`B#H2 i2KT2`im`2 U+b2
b2MbBiBp2V HBF2 bQ,
jXy K#B2Mi h2KT2`im`2 JQMBiQ` 8j

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i?2M +HB+F Jv S`Q}H2X AM i?2 T`Q}H2 K2Mm- +HB+F QM SA E2vb QM i?2 H27iX h?2M +HB+F QM i?2 #Hm2 *`2i2
hQF2M #miiQM iQ ;2M2`i2  iQF2Mc +HB+F QM i?2 M2rhQF2M i2ti iQ `2MK2 Bi iQ R@rB`2@T`QD2+iX

AM Q`/2` iQ mi?2MiB+i2 vQm` `2[m2bib iQ l#B/Qib- vQm rBHH M22/ iQ Tmi i?Bb HQM; bi`BM; Q7 i2ti BMiQ i?2
+QM7B;XDbQM }H2 BM i?2 T`QD2+i /B`2+iQ`v QM i?2 PK2;X _2TH+2 i?2 vQm`hQF2M?2`2 TH+2?QH/2` rBi?
i?2 F2v vQm Dmbi +`2i2/,

uQm` bQ7ir`2 Bb MQr `2/v iQ `mM5

8X S`2T`2 i?2 qB`2b

L2ti vQm rBHH M22/ iQ T`2T`2 i?2 rB`2bX h?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM /Q2b MQi ?p2 72KH2 ?2/2`b iQ +QMM2+i
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i?2 j rB`2b,

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a22 Qm` ;mB/2 QM mbBM; i?2 `/mBMQ .Q+F 7Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb QM i?Bb T`Q+2bbX

8X *QMM2+i i?2 a2MbQ`

h?2`2 `2 i?`22 +QMM2+iBQMb r2ǶHH ?p2 iQ KF2 iQ rB`2 mT i?2 bQBH KQBbim`2 b2MbQ` iQ vQm` `/mBMQ,
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ J2bm`BM; SHMi .i R9R

lb2 DmKT2` rB`2b iQ KF2 i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QMM2+iBQMb,

aQBH JQBbim`2 a2MbQ` SBM `/mBMQ .Q+F SBM


:L. :L.
o** 8o
aA: y

.2T2M/BM; QM r?2`2 vQm ;Qi vQm` b2MbQ`- i?2 H#2HHBM; KB;?i #2  HBiiH2 /Bz2`2Mi- #mi i?2v
b?QmH/ HH 7QHHQr i?2 bK2 bQ`i Q7 Tii2`M b #Qp2X

SHm; BM i?2 72KH2 2M/b Q7 i?2 DmKT2` rB`2b BMiQ i?2 b2MbQ`,
R9k *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

M/ i?2M i?2 KH2 2M/b Q7 i?2 DmKT2` rB`2b BMiQ i?2 TT`QT`Bi2 `/mBMQ .Q+F TBMbX

eX a2MbQ` @= SHMi

hQ #2 #H2 iQ K2bm`2 i?2 KQBbim`2 H2p2H Q7 i?2 THMiǶb bQBH- r2ǶHH M22/ iQ Tmi i?2 b2MbQ` BMiQ i?2 TQi5
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ J2bm`BM; SHMi .i R9j

AMb2`i i?2 b2MbQ` BMiQ i?2 bQBH bQ i?i i?2 K2iHHB+ T`ib `2 +QKTH2i2Hv +Qp2`2/ #v i?2 bQBHX
h?2 b2MbQ` BbMǶi bmT2` ri2`@T`QQ7- bQ r?2M ri2`BM; vQm` THMi- pQB/ TQm`BM; ri2` /B`2+iHv
QM i?2 b2MbQ`X

dX .QrMHQ/ i?2 S`QD2+i *Q/2

h?2 +Q/2 7Q` i?2 aK`i SHMi +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb bK`i@THMi `2TQ QM :Bi?m#X q2ǶHH mb2 ;Bi iQ
/QrMHQ/ i?2 +Q/2 iQ vQm` PK2;, MpB;i2 iQ i?2 f`QQi /B`2+iQ`v QM i?2 PK2;- M/ +HQM2 i?2 :Bi>m#
`2TQ,
+/ f`QQi
;Bi +HQM2 ?iiTb,ff;Bi?m#X+QKfPMBQMAQhfbK`i@THMiX;Bi
LQr HH Q7 i?2 +Q/2 rBHH #2 BM i?2 M2r f`QQifbK`i@THMif /B`2+iQ`v QM vQm` PK2;X

3X _mM i?2 *Q/2

G2iǶb `mM i?2 +Q/25


Tvi?QM f`QQifbK`i@THMifbK`iSHMiXTv @@QH2/
h?2 T`Q;`K rBHH `mM M/ +QHH2+i  KQBbim`2 H2p2H K2bm`2K2Mi i?`Qm;? i?2 `/mBMQ .Q+F #Qmi QM+2 
b2+QM/X h?2 K2bm`2K2Mi rBHH #2 /BbTHv2/ QM i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2 b r2HH b i?2 PG1. 1tTMbBQM,
`QQi!PK2;@6RR.,O Tvi?QM f`QQifbK`i@THMifbK`iSHMiXTv @@QH2/
R99 *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

= Gi2bi K2bm`2K2Mi, kyR


= J2bm`2K2Mi GBbi, RNW
== p2`;2 oHm2, RNW
= Gi2bi K2bm`2K2Mi, kyy
= J2bm`2K2Mi GBbi, RNW RNW
== p2`;2 oHm2, RNW
= Gi2bi K2bm`2K2Mi, kyR
= J2bm`2K2Mi GBbi, RNW RNW RNW
== p2`;2 oHm2, RNW
= Gi2bi K2bm`2K2Mi, kyk
= J2bm`2K2Mi GBbi, RNW RNW RNW RNW
== p2`;2 oHm2, RNW

A7 vQm /QMǶi ?p2 M PG1. 1tTMbBQM- H2p2 Qmi i?2 @@QH2/ T`i Q7 i?2 +QKKM/X

h?2 bQBH KQBbim`2 b2MbQ` Bb M MHQ; b2MbQ`- K2MBM; i?i i?2 bB;MH Bi QmiTmib iQ i?2 `/mBMQ
.Q+F Bb Mvr?2`2 7`QK yo iQ 8oX h?2 KB+`Q+QMi`QHH2` bF2i+? rBHH `2/ i?Bb b  pHm2 #2ir22M
y M/ Rykj- r?2`2 y `2T`2b2Mib yo M/ Rykj `2T`2b2Mib 8oX h?Bb MmK#2` BbMǶi T`iB+mH`Hv
K2MBM;7mH iQ mb- bQ QM i?2 PK2;- r2 +QMp2`i Bi iQ  T2`+2Mi;2X A7 vQm iF2  HQQF i i?2
#Qp2 2tKTH2- i?2 }`bi `2/BM; Bb kyR- kyRfRykj RyyW Bb RNWX M/ RNW Bb r?i r2 /BbTHv
QM i?2 PG1.X

*?M;BM; i?2 S`Q;`K PT2`iBQM

h?Bb T`i Bb QTiBQMH5


9Xy aK`i SHMi @ J2bm`BM; SHMi .i R98

hQ pQB/ ~m+imiBQMb- i?2 pHm2 7`QK i?2 KQBbim`2 H2p2H b2MbQ` Bb p2`;2/ Qmi 7`QK i?2 T`2pBQmb R8
`2/BM;bX h?Bb MmK#2` +M #2 +?M;2/ rBi? i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2 `;mK2Mib i?i `2 Tbb2/ r?2M i?2
T`Q;`K Bb `mMX
hQ ?p2 i?2 pHm2 p2`;2/ Qmi 7`QK i?2 j Hi2bi `2/BM;b- i?i Bb- iQ KF2 Bi KQ`2 `2+iBp2 iQ +?M;2b-
`mM i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/,
Tvi?QM f`QQifbK`i@THMifbK`iSHMiXTv @@QH2/ @@MmK#2`4j
A7 vQm rQmH/ HBF2 iQ KF2 i?2 `2/BM;b H2bb `2+iBp2 iQ +?M;2b- r2 +M HbQ ?p2 i?2 pHm2 p2`;2/ Qmi
7`QK i?2 Hbi ey `2/BM;b,
Tvi?QM f`QQifbK`i@THMifbK`iSHMiXTv @@QH2/ @@MmK#2`4ey

1tBiBM; i?2 S`Q;`K


>Bi ǵ+i`HY+Ƕ iQ 2M/ i?2 T`Q;`KX uQmǶHH MQiB+2 i?i i?2 PG1. rBHH +?M;2 bQ i?i vQm FMQr vQm` bK`i
THMi Bb MQr Dmbi  `2;mH` THMi,

NX miQKi2 i?2 S`Q;`K iQ _mM i "QQi

hQ KF2 bm`2 vQm` THMi Bb Hrvb bK`i- r2 +M +QM};m`2 i?2 bvbi2K bQ i?i i?2 bK`i THMi T`Q;`K
`mMb r?2M2p2` i?2 PK2; #QQib mTX
AM i?2 T`QD2+i /B`2+iQ`v- KF2 i?2 2i+fBMBiX/fbK`i@THMi }H2 2t2+mi#H2- +QTv Bi BMiQ f2i+fBMBiX/-
i?2M 2M#H2 Bi #v `mMMBM; i?2 7QHHQrBM; +QKKM/b,
R9e *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

+?KQ/ Yt 2i+fBMBiX/fbK`i@THMi
+T 2i+fBMBiX/fbK`i@THMi f2i+fBMBiX/f
f2i+fBMBiX/fbK`i@THMi 2M#H2
h?2 T`Q;`K rBHH MQr `mM r?2M i?2 PK2; Bb im`M2/ QMX h`v `2#QQiBM; vQm` PK2; U2Mi2` `2#QQi BM
i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2V- M/ vQmǶHH b22 i?i vQm` T`Q;`K rBHH bi`i mT ;BM r?2M i?2 PK2; #QQib mTX

*Q/2 >B;?HB;?i

AM i?Bb T`QD2+i- i?2 PK2; +QKKmMB+i2b rBi? i?2 `/mBMQ .Q+F Qp2` i?2 b2`BH TQ`iX h?Bb +M #2 b22M
BM i?2 K2bm`2K2Mi>2HT2`XTv KQ/mH2 M/ i?2 `/mBMQ `2/MHQ;oHm2 bF2i+?,
O `2/ MHQ; pHm2 Uy@RykjV 7`QK i?2 KB+`Q+QMi`QHH2`
O `2im`Mb LQM2 B7 pHm2 Bb MQi `2/ bm++2bb7mHHv
/27 `2/JQBbim`2G2p2HUb2`BHSQ`iV,
O M22/ iQ r`Bi2 M ^`^ +?`+i2` iQ i`B;;2`  K2bm`2K2Mi `2bTQMb2
b2`BHSQ`iXr`Bi2U^`^V

O `2/ i?2 `2bTQMb2


i`v,
pHm2 4 b2`BHSQ`iX`2/HBM2UV

B7 pHm2 44 ]],
T`BMiU]:Qi #HMF pHm25]V
pHm2 4 LQM2
2Hb2,
pHm2 4 pHm2X`bi`BTUV O+?QKT i?2 M2rHBM2 i i?2 2M/ Q7 i?2 `2bTQMb2
2t+2Ti,
pHm2 4 LQM2

`2im`M pHm2
ff `2bTQM/ QMHv B7 +Q``2+i +QKKM/ Bb `2+2Bp2/
B7 UU+?`VBM"vi2 44 ^`^V &
ff `2bTQM/ rBi? MHQ; K2bm`2K2Mi
a2`BHXT`BMiHMUMHQ;oHm2- .1*Vc
'

q2 `2 HbQ #H2 iQ 2bBHv +?2+F M/ T`b2 +QKKM/ HBM2 `;mK2Mib mbBM; Svi?QMǶb ;2iQTi KQ/mH2 BM
bK`iSHMiXTv,
O `2/ i?2 +QKKM/ HBM2 `;mK2Mib
i`v,
QTib- `;b 4 ;2iQTiX;2iQTiUbvbX`;p(R,)- ]?p[M,QH,T]- (]?2HT]- ]p2`#Qb2]- ][mB2i]- ]MmK#2`4]-
2t+2Ti ;2iQTiX:2iQTi1``Q`,
T`BMilb;2UV
bvbX2tBiUkV
7Q` QTi- `;- BM QTib,
B7 QTi BM U]@?]- ]@@?2HT]V,
T`BMilb;2UV
bvbX2tBiUV
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R9d

2HB7 QTi BM U]@p]- ]@@p2`#Qb2]V,


o1_"Pa1 4 h`m2

O M/ bQ QM

:QBM; 6m`i?2`

L2ti r2ǶHH KF2 vQm` THMi  HBiiH2 bK`i #v +QMM2+iBM; Bi iQ  +HQm/ /i b2`pB+2 bQ vQm +M `2KQi2Hv
KQMBiQ` Bi 7`QK Mvr?2`2 BM i?2 rQ`H/5

aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i

h?Bb Bb i?2 b2+QM/ KDQ` T`i Q7 i?2 bK`i THMi T`QD2+i5 Gbi iBK2- r2 b2imT M PK2; iQ K2bm`2 i?2
bQBH KQBbim`2 H2p2H BM QM2 Q7 vQm` THMibX h?Bb T`i BMpQHp2b b2M/BM; i?i /i iQ  +HQm/ b2`pB+2 bQ r2 +M
pBbmHBx2 Bi M/ QT2M i?2 /QQ` iQ 2p2M KQ`2 TQbbB#BHBiB2bX h?2 +HQm/ b2`pB+2 r2 rBHH #2 mbBM; Bb i?2 GQbMi
AQh SHi7Q`KX

Pp2`pB2r

aFBHH G2p2H, AMi2`K2/Bi2


hBK2 _2[mB`2/, R ?Qm`
R93 *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

q2Ƕ`2 F22TBM; i?2 `/mBMQ .Q+F M/ MHQ; bQBH KQBbim`2 b2MbQ` 7`QK i?2 }`bi T`iX lbBM;  +QKKM/
HBM2 `;mK2Mi- r2 rBHH #2 +iBpiBM;  T`i Q7 i?2 Svi?QM T`Q;`K r2 /B/MǶi mb2 Hbi iBK2X h?Bb T`i Q7
i?2 T`Q;`K rBHH mb2 i?2 JZhh T`QiQ+QH iQ +QKKmMB+i2 rBi? GQbMiX

GQbMi T`QpB/2b  Svi?QM HB#``v- HQbMi@K[ii- iQ 2bBHv BMi2`7+2 /2pB+2b rBi? i?2B` +HQm/ THi7Q`KX
lM/2`M2i?- i?2 TQTmH` T?Q@K[ii KQ/mH2 Bb mb2/ iQ BKTH2K2Mi i?2 JZhh +QKKmMB+iBQMX h?2 bK2
i?BM; +M #2 +?B2p2/ rBi? Dmbi T?Q@K[ii bBM+2 i?2 GQbMi KQ/mH2 Bb Dmbi  r`TT2` 7Q` T?Q@K[ii- #mi
i?2 GQbMi KQ/mH2 KF2b i?2 BKTH2K2MiiBQM  HBiiH2 2bB2`- bQ r2ǶHH mb2 BiX

h?Bb T`QD2+i rBHH T`QpB/2  ;mB/2 QM b2iiBM; mT GQbMi 7Q` Qm` Tm`TQb2b,

Ç *`2iBM; M TTHB+iBQM
Ç *`2iBM;  /2pB+2 QM i?2B` THi7Q`K
Ç JM;BM; b2+m`Biv rBi? ++2bb E2vb
Ç .2p2HQTBM;  #bB+ rQ`F~Qr
Ç a2iiBM; mT  .b?#Q`/ iQ pBbmHBx2 i?2 bK`i THMi /i

Ai HbQ b?Qrb ?Qr iQ b2imT M PK2; iQ b2M/ /i iQ GQbMiX

h?2 +QKTH2i2 T`QD2+i +Q/2 +M #2 7QmM/ BM PMBQMǶb bK`i@THMi `2TQ QM :Bi>m#X

AM;`2/B2Mib

h?2 bK2 b i?2 }`bi T`i Q7 i?2 T`QD2+i,

Ç PMBQM PK2;k Q` PK2;kY


Ç PMBQM `/mBMQ .Q+F k
Ç PMBQM PG1. 1tTMbBQM UQTiBQMH #mi `2+QKK2M/2/V
Ç aQBH JQBbim`2 a2MbQ`
Ç jt JH2@iQ@62KH2 CmKT2` qB`2b
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R9N

ai2T@#v@ai2T

6QHHQr i?2b2 BMbi`m+iBQMb iQ b2i i?Bb T`QD2+i mT QM vQm` p2`v QrM PK2;5

RX S`2T`2

uQmǶHH ?p2 iQ ?p2 M PK2;k `2/v iQ ;Q- +QKTH2i2 i?2 6B`bi hBK2 a2imT :mB/2 iQ +QMM2+i vQm` PK2;
iQ qB6B M/ mT/i2 iQ i?2 Hi2bi }`Kr`2X

kX *QKTH2i2 S`i R Q7 i?2 S`QD2+i

h?Bb T`QD2+i #mBH/b QM i?2 }`bi T`i Q7 i?2 aK`i SHMi T`QD2+iX A7 vQm ?p2MǶi H`2/v +QKTH2i2/ i?2 }`bi
T`i- ;Q #+F M/ /Q Bi MQr5
R8y *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

jX _2;Bbi2` 7Q` GQbMi

LpB;i2 iQ GQbMiX+QK M/ bB;M mT 7Q` i?2B` 7`22 bM/#Qt iB2`X

9X *`2i2  GQbMi TTHB+iBQM

uQmǶHH }`bi M22/ iQ +`2i2  GQbMi TTHB+iBQM iQ #2 #H2 iQ mb2 i?2B` AQh SHi7Q`KX 6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb
b22 i?2 GQbMi TTHB+iBQM .Q+mK2MiiBQMX

*HB+F i?2 TTHB+iBQMb J2Mm- M/ i?2M *`2i2 TTHB+iBQM,


9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R8R

:Bp2 vQm` TTHB+iBQM  MK2- aK`i SHMi rb Qm` +?QB+2,


R8k *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

PF- MQr vQm` TTHB+iBQM Bb +`2i2/

8X *`2i2  GQbMi .2pB+2

LQr i?i vQm ?p2 M TTHB+iBQM- vQmǶHH M22/ iQ +`2i2  .2pB+2X  /2pB+2 QM GQbMi +M b2M/ /i iQ
i?2 +HQm/ M/ `2+2Bp2 +QKKM/b 7`QK i?2 +HQm/X 6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb b22 i?2 GQbMi .2pB+2 .Q+mK2MiiBQMX

*HB+F i?2 .2pB+2b K2Mm- M/ i?2M *`2i2  "HMF .2pB+2,


9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R8j

:Bp2 vQm` /2pB+2  MK2- r2 7QmM/ Bi 2bB2bi iQ mb2 i?2 MK2 Q7 i?2 PK2; r2Ƕ`2 mbBM; iQ K2bm`2 i?2
bQBH KQBbim`2 H2p2HbX JF2 bm`2 i?2 .2pB+2 hvT2 Bb b2i iQ aiM/HQM2,

a+`QHH /QrM M/ //  LmK#2` ii`B#mi2 MK2/ KQBbim`2 iQ i?2 /2pB+2X h?Bb ii`B#mi2 rBHH ?QH/ i?2 bQBH
R89 *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

KQBbim`2 H2p2H /i +QKBM; 7`QK vQm` PK2;,

>Bi *`2i2 .2pB+2 M/ vQm` /2pB+2 rBHH #2 `2/v iQ ;QX LQi2 i?2 .2pB+2 A. QM i?2 mTT2` `B;?i ?M/
bB/2,
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R88

eX *`2i2  GQbMi ++2bb E2v

hQ +imHHv ;2i vQm` PK2; iQ +QKKmMB+i2 rBi? GQbMi- Bi rBHH M22/ iQ mi?2MiB+i2X hQ +``v Qmi i?i
mi?2MiB+iBQM- r2ǶHH mb2 M ++2bb E2vX 6Q` KQ`2 /2iBHb b22 i?2 GQbMi ++2bb E2v .Q+mK2MiiBQMX

*HB+F i?2 a2+m`Biv J2Mm M/ i?2M i?2 // ++2bb E2v #miiQM,

:Bp2 i?2 F2v  /2b+`BTiBQM,


R8e *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

q2Ƕ`2 b2iiBM; i?2 E2v iQ mi?2MiB+i2 HH Q7 Qm` /2pB+2b QM GQbMiX h?Bb Bb bHB;?iHv `BbFv- B7 vQm HBF2- vQm
+M +?M;2 Bi bQ i?i i?2 ++2bb F2v Bb `2bi`B+i2/ iQ Dmbi  bBM;H2 /2pB+2X

AM 2Bi?2` +b2- ?Bi i?2 *`2i2 ++2bb E2v #miiQM,


9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R8d

h?2 ++2bb F2v M/ b2+`2i ?p2 MQr #22M ;2M2`i2/5 JF2 bm`2 iQ MQi2 i?2K #Qi? /QrM #2+mb2
i?Bb rBHH #2 i?2 QMHv iBK2 vQm rBHH ;2i iQ b22 i?2 a2+`2i5 q2 `2+QKK2M/ /QrMHQ/BM; iQ 
}H2X

H`B;?i5 uQm` ++2bb E2v Bb `2/v iQ ;Q5


R83 *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

dX *`2i2  GQbMi qQ`F~Qr

LQr r2 M22/ iQ KF2  GQbMi qQ`F~Qr bQ Qm` /2pB+2 +M BMi2`+i rBi? i?2 `2bi Q7 GQbMiX 6Q` MQr-
Qm` rQ`F~Qr rBHH #2  bBKTH2 iQQH 7Q` /2#m;;BM;X h?2b2 rQ`F~Qrb `2 2bv iQ mb2 M/ p2`v TQr2`7mH-
/2}MBi2Hv +?2+F Qmi GQbMiǶb rQ`F~Qr /Q+mK2MiiBQM iQ H2`M KQ`2X

*HB+F QM i?2 qQ`F7HQrb K2Mm M/ i?2M *`2i2 qQ`F7HQrX :Bp2 vQm` rQ`F~Qr  MK2 M/  /2b+`BTiBQM,
9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i R8N

hvT2 /2pB+2 BMiQ i?2 b2`+? #`- i?2M +HB+F M/ /`; i?2 .2pB+2 #HQ+F QMiQ i?2 `2 BM i?2 KB//H2,

*HB+F QM i?2 M2r .2pB+2 #HQ+F M/ b+`QHH /QrM BM i?2 `B;?i@bB/2 iQQH#` iQ b2H2+i r?B+? Q7 vQm` /2pB+2b
rBHH #2 bbQ+Bi2/ rBi? i?Bb .2pB+2 #HQ+FX uQmǶHH rMi iQ b2H2+i i?2 /2pB+2 vQm Dmbi +`2i2/,
Rey *?Ti2` 9X AQh S`QD2+ib

LQr- H2iǶb //  .2#m; #Qt bQ r2 +M pB2r i?2 /i +QKBM; 7`QK Qm` /2pB+2X hvT2 /2#m; BMiQ i?2 b2`+?
#Qt,

.`; i?2 .2#m; #HQ+F BMiQ i?2 `2 BM i?2 KB//H2,


9Xy aK`i SHMi @ oBbmHBxBM; SHMi .i ReR

q2 MQr M22/ iQ +QMM2+i i?2 irQ #HQ+FbX *HB+F QM i?2 /BKQM/ i i?2 #QiiQK Q7 i?2 .2pB+2 #HQ+F M/
/`; Bi /QrM iQ i?2 b[m`2 i i?2 iQT Q7 i?2 .2#m; #HQ+F- M/ i?2M ?Bi i?2 .2THQv qQ`F7HQr #miiQM,

uQm` rQ`F~Qr Bb MQr bp2/ M/ /2THQv2/- K2MBM; i?i BiǶb `mMMBM; i i?Bb p2`v KQK2Mi QM i?2 +HQm/,
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