GOVERNMENT OF KARNATAKA

BANGALORE URBAN ZILLA PANCHAYAT

DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTIONS
BANGALORE NORTH DISTRICT, K.G ROAD, BANGALORE 560009

UTTARA UTTUNGA – 2

S.S.L.C
Exam Preparation Guide and Model Papers 2020-21

Mathematics

−𝒃±√𝒃𝟐 −𝟒𝒂𝒄
𝒙= 𝟐𝒂
𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅

1
 S.S.L.C EXAM
2020 -21
Exam Preparation Guide and Model Papers

81E

GUIDANCE AND SUPPORT

Shri. Narayana
Deputy Director of Public Instruction
Bangalore North District

Dr. P Jayaprakash Ms. Leelavathi K S

Education Officer - 1 Education Officer – 2
Bangalore North District Bangalore North District

Shri. Ramalingegowda M.G

Subject Inspector – Mathematics, DDPI Office,
Bangalore North District

2
 RESOURCE TEACHERS PANEL

Mr. Arun S Ms. Chandrakala

AM, Bharat Vidyaniketan School, AM, KPS Kodigehalli ,
Bangalore North-2 Bangalore, North -4

Ms. Suchetha S.S. Ms Bharathi Manur

AM, GHS T. Dasarahalli, AM, KPS Jalahalli
Bangalore North - 4 Bangalore, North -2

Ms. Manju Roopa P. Rameez khan.

AM, GHS Sarvajna Nagar , AM, Gokul Public School,
Bangalore, North -3 Bangalore, North -3

Ms. Firdos Begum P. Ms. Yasin Begum A.

AM, HUDA National School AM, Al burooj International School,
Bangalore, North - 4 Bangalore, North -3

Ms. Lakshmi Singh B. Ms. Hemalatha

AM, Modern Public English School, AM, UAS Hebbal,
Ganganagar, Bangalore, North -3 Bangalore, North - 2

Ms. Mamatha M.S. Mr Shaik Malik.

AM, GHS Saneguruvanahalli, AM, Modern Public English School,
Bangalore, North -1 Ganganagar, Bangalore North -3

3
 Mathematics BLUEPRINT
Design of the Question Paper Issued by K.S.E.E.B

4
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART - A
SI No. UNIT
1. Arithmetic Progression

2. Triangles

3. Linear Equations in two variables

4. Circles

5. Constructions

6. Coordinate Geometry

7. Quadratic Equations

8. Introduction to Trigonometry

9. Some Applications of Trigonometry

10. Statistics

11. Surface Area and Volume

PART – B
SI No. CONTENT
1. Model Paper -1
2. Model Paper -2
3. Key Answers Model Paper -1
4. Key Answers Model Paper -2

5
 UNIT 1: ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION
1 MARK QUESTIONS(VSQ):-
(i) The nth term of an Arithmetic progression an = 24 – 3n , then its 2nd term is
(a)18 (b)15 (c)0 (d)2
Ans :- a2 = 24 – 3(2) = 24 – 6 =18
(ii) If the nth term of an arithmetic progression is 5n+3 , then 3rd term of the arithmetic progression
is
(a)11 (b)18 (c)12 (d)13
Ans:- a3 = 5(3)+3 = 15+3 =18
(iii) The nth term of an Arithmetic progression Tn = 3n – 2 , then its 9th term is
(a)-25 (b)5 (c)-5 (d)25
Ans:- T9 = 3(9) -2 = 25
(iv) The 10th term of an AP 5,9,13,…… is
(a)36 (b)31 (c)41 (d)21
Ans:- Given , a = 5 , d= a2 – a1 = 9 – 5 = 4 , n=10
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
= 5 + (10 -1)(4)
= 5 + 36 = 41 Refer 2 MARK 2(i) and (ii) PRACTICE QUESTIONS
(v) In an arithmetic progression , if an = 2n+1 , then the common difference of the given
progression is
(a)0 (b)1 (c)2 (d)3
Ans : a1 = 2(1)+1 = 3 and a2 = 2(2)+1 = 5
d = a2 – a1 = 5 – 3 = 2
(vi) Sum of all first ‘n’ terms of even natural number is
(a)n(n+1) (b)n(n+2) (c)n2 (d)2n2
Ans : (a)n(n+1)
(vii) If the nth term of an AP is 4n2 -1 , then the 8th term is
(a)32 (b)31 (c)256 (d)255
Ans : an = 4(8)2 – 1 = 4(64) – 1 = 256 - 1 = 255
(viii) The next term of the series √2, √8, √18, √32 , …. Is

(a) √48 (b) √54 (c)√50 (d)√60

Ans : √2 , √4 × 2 , √9 × 2 , √16 × 2
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑥𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑠 √25 × 2 = √𝟓𝟎
6
(ix) 2 , x , 14 are in AP , then the value of x is:
(a) 28 (b) 16 (c) 7 (d) 8
𝑎+𝑏 2+14 16
Ans : 𝐴 = 2 𝑥= 2 = 2 =𝟖

(x) If a , b, c are in AP , then

(a) 2b = a+c (b) b= a+c (c) b=ac (d) b=√𝑎𝑐
Ans : (a) 2b = a+c
2 MARK QUESTIONS:- 1(i)Find arithmetic progression whose third term is 16 and the seventh
term exceeds the 5th term is 12.
Soln :- Given , T3 = 16 and T7 = T5 + 12
a+2d=16 →(i)
a+6d = a+4d + 12
6d – 4d = 12
2d =12
12
d= =6
2

substitute for d=6 in eq (i)

a+2(6) =16
a = 16 – 12 = 4
a , a+d, a+2d , ……..
4 , 4+6 , 4+2(6),…..
4 , 10 , 16 , ……..
PRACTICE QUESTION:- (ii)Find arithmetic progression whose second term is 12 and the
seventh term exceeds the 4th term is 15.
PRACTICE QUESTION:-
2(i)Find 25th term of an AP : 2 , 6 , 10 , 14……
(ii)Find 10th term of an AP 2, 7, 12…… using formula.
3.(i)Find the sum of first 20 terms of arithmetic series 5+10+15+….using suitable formula.

7
PRACTICE QUESTIONS:-
(ii)Find the sum of 5+8+11+….to 10 terms using the formula.
(iii)Find the sum of first 20 terms of arithmetic series 2+7+12+…. Using suitable formula.
(iv)Find the sum of first 20 terms of AP 3,7, 11,15…..using the formula.
(v)Find the sum of the first 30 positive integers divisible by 6.
4. At constant pressure certain quantity of water at 24°C is heated. It was observed that the rise of
temperature was found to be 4°C per minute. Calculate the time required to rise the temperature of
water to 100°C at sea level by using formula.

5. Find the sum of all two-digit natural numbers which are divisible by 5.
Ans : 10+15+20+25+………+95
Sum of n terms (Sn) = ? , a = 10 , an = 95 , d= 5
.an= a+(n-1)d
95 = 10 + (n-1)(5)
85
n-1= 5

n = 18
𝑛
Sn = 2 (𝑎 +an )
18
S18 = (10 +95) = 945
2

4 MARKS QUESTIONS(VLQ):-
1.(a)Find three numbers of AP whose sum and product is given as 24 and 480 respectively .
Let a-d , a , a+d be three numbers
a-d+a+a+d=24
3a =24 a=8

8
 (a-d)(a)(a+d) = 480
480
(a-d)(a+d) = 8

82 – d2 =60 d2 = 64 -60 d = ±√4 d= ±2

If a=8 and d =+2 then 6, 8,10 OR If a= 8 and d = -2 then 10,8,6
PRACTICE PROBLEM:
(b) Find three numbers of AP whose sum and product is given as 24 and 440 respectively .
2. The sum of first 8 terms of an AP is 100 and sum of first 19 terms is 551.Find AP.
Soln :- sum of n terms in AP can be given by (n/2)*[2a+(n-1)d]
sum of first 8 terms = 4*[2a+7d] =100
or 2a+7d = 25 (1)
sum of first 19 terms = (19/2)*[2a+18d] =551
or 2a+18d = 58 (2)
subtracting (2) - (1), we get
11d =33
d =3
2a+7*3= 25
a =2
hence the AP is 2,5,8,11...
3.The third term of an AP is 8 and the 9th term of an AP exceeds three times the third term by 2.
Find the sum of its first 19 terms.

Soln : an = a+(n-1) d
Hence equation (1) becomes,
a+(3-1)d=8
a+2d=8
a=8-2d - - - - - - - - - - (3)
Also equation (2) becomes,
a+(9-1) d = 3×[a+(3-1) d] +2
a+8d=[3*(a+2d)]+2
a+8d=(3a+6d)+2
a+8d=3a+6d+2
Rearranging,
8d-6d=3a-a+2
2d=2a+2
Dividing by 2 on both sides,
d=a+1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (4)
Substituting (3) in (4) we get,
d=(8-2d)+1
d=8-2d+1

9
d=9-2d
3d=9

d=9/3
d=3
Substituting value of d in (3)
a=8-2(3)
a=8-6
a=2 Hence a=2 & d=3
We know that, S(n) = n/2 × [2a+(n-1) d]
S(19) = 19/2 × [2×2 + (19-1) ×3]
= 19/2 × [4+18×3]
= 19/2 × [4+54]
=19/2 ×58
=19×29
=551
∴ Sum of first 19 terms of AP is 551
4. An arithmetic progression consists of 37 terms. The sum of first three terms of it is 12 and the
sum of its last three terms is 318 , then find the first and last terms of the progression.

Soln :-

Given:-

Number of terms in an AP (n) = 37

Sum of first three terms = 12

First three terms of an AP are a , a + d , a + 2d.

So,

⟹ a + a + d + a + 2d = 12

⟹ 3a + 3d = 12

⟹ 3(a + d) = 12
⟹ a + d = 12/3

⟹ a = 4 - d -- equation (1).

Also given that,

Sum of last three terms (i.e., 37th , 36th , 35th) is 318.

We know,

nth term of an AP (aₙ) = a + (n - 1)d

10
According to the above condition,

⟹ a + (37 - 1)d + a + (36 - 1)d + a + (35 - 1)d = 318

⟹ 3a + 36d + 35d + 34d = 318

Substitute the value of a from equation (1).

⟹ 3(4 - d) + 105d = 318

⟹ 12 - 3d + 105d = 318

⟹ 102d = 318 - 12

⟹ d = 306/102

⟹d=3

Substitute the value of d in equation (1).

⟹a=4-3

⟹a=1

Now,

last term is the 37th term.

⟹ a₃₇ = a + 36d

⟹ a₃₇ = 1 + 36(3)

⟹ a₃₇ = 1 + 108

⟹ a₃₇ = 109

∴ The first term is 1 and the last term is 109.

5. The sum of the first 7 terms of an AP is 140 and the sum of the next 7 terms of the same
progression is 385 , then find the AP.
S7 = 140 & S14 - S7 = 385

» S7 = 140

2a + 6d = 40 ... (1)
» S14 - S7 = 385

7 (2a + 13d) - 140 = 385

» 7 (2a + 13d) = 525

» 2a + 13d = 75 ... (2)

On solving (1) & (2), we get

Therefore, a = 5 & d = 5

11
Therefore, the required A.P. is a, a + d, a + 2d, ...

» Therefore, the required A.P. is

5, 10, 15, ...,…

6. The 7th term of an AP is 4 times its 2nd term and 12th term is 2 more than 3 times of its 4th
term. Find the progression.
Then nth term of the A.P a, a+d, a+2d, .......

Is (aₙ) = a + (n - 1)d

Now we solve (1) and (2)

3a-2d=0.........(1)

2a-2d=-2.........(2)

(1) - (2) a=2

using a=2 in (1) we get

3(2)-2d=0

2d=6
d=3

The required A.P is

2, 5, 8, 11........................
7. A line segment is divided into 4 parts forming an AP. The sum of the lengths of 3rd and 4th
parts is 3 times the sum of the lengths of first two parts. If the length of 4th part is 14cm ,
find the total length of the line segment.
Soln : A line segment is divided into four equal parts forming an arithmetic progression

Let the four parts be: a , a + d , a + 2d , a + 3d The sum of the lengths of 3rd and 4th
parts is three times the sum of the length of first two parts

12
a + d + a + 2d = 2(a + a + d)

2a + 3d = 4a + 2d

d = 2a The length of 4th part is 14 cm

Therefore,

a + 3d = 14

Substitute d = 2a

a + 3(2a) = 14

a + 6a = 14

7a = 14

a=2

Thus,

d = 2a

d = 2(2)

d=4

Find the total length of the line segment

Total length = a + a + d + a + 2d + a + 3d

Total length = 4a + 6d

Total length = 4(2) + 6(4)

Total length = 8 + 24

Total length = 32

Thus total length of the line segment is 32 cm

8.The sum of the 4th and 8th terms of an AP is 24 and the sum of 6th and 10th term is 44. Find the
first three terms of the AP.

Soln: Let the first term a and common difference be d.

We know :

tn = a + ( n - 1 ) d

t4 = a + 3 d

t8 = a + 7 d

We have given : t4 + t8 = 24

2 a + 10 d = 24

13
a + 5 d = 12

a = 12 - 5 d ....( i )

t6 = a + 5 d

t10 = a + 9 d

: t6 + t10 = 44

2 a + 14 d = 44

a + 7 d = 22

a = 22 - 7 d ... ( ii )

From ( i ) and ( ii )

12 - 5 d = 22 - 7 d

7 d - 5 d = 22 - 12

2 d = 10

d=5

We have :

a = 12 - 5 d

a = 12 - 25

a = - 13

Now required answer as :

- 13 , - 8 , - 3 .
9. There are 5 terms in an AP. The sum of these terms is 55 and t5he 4 th term is 5 more than the
sum of the first 2 terms . Find the terms of the AP.

Soln :- S₅=55
5/2(2a+4d)=55

2a+4d=22

a+2d=11 --------------------(i)

a₆+a₇=a₄+5

a+5d+a+6d=a+3d+5

2a+11d=a+3d+5

a+8d=5 --------------------(ii)

Subtracting (ii) from (i),

14
a+2d=11

a+8d=5 ------------------ -6d=6

d= -1 In (i),
a+2d=11

a+ 2×-1=11

a=11+2a=13

So, the AP is:

a₁=13

a₂=a+d=12
a₃=a+2d=11 a₄=a+3d=10 a₅=a+4d=9

a₆=a+5d=8 a₇=a+6d=9
10. In an AP , 6th term is one more than twice the third term. The sum of the 4th and 5th term is five
times the second term. Find the 10th term of the AP.

a6=1+2 (a3)

a+5d=1+2 (a+2d)

a+5d=1+2a+4d

5d-4d=2a-a+1

d=a+1

a4+a5=5 (a2)

a+3d+a+4d=5 (a+d)

2a+7d=5a+5d

7d - 5d=5a-2a

2d=3a

2 (a+1)=3a
2a+2=3a

3a-2a=2

∴a=2

we know that d=a+1, substitute value of 'a' d=2+1

Hence d=3, a=2 d=3 a10=29 The AP is 2,5,8,11,14,17, 20, 23, 26, 29 Sixth term is 1 more
than twice third term. a3= 8 and a6=17 Sum of fourth and fifth is five times second term. a4=11
a5= 14 11+14=25 a2=5 so 5×5=25

15
 UNIT 2: TRIANGLES
THEOREM- 1

If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two sides in
distinct points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio.

Given: In ABC, if the line DE is drawn parallel to side BC of ∆ ABC to intersect the AB and
AC sides at distinct points D and E.
To prove: AD/DB =AE/EC
Construction: Join BE, and CD then Draw DM ⊥AC, and EN⊥ AB
Proof:
STATEMENTS REASONS
In 𝛥 ADE, Area of Triangle = ½ × Base × Height
Area of 𝛥 ADE = ½ AD × EN ----------------------(1)
IN 𝛥 BDE, Area of Triangle = ½ × Base × Height
Area of 𝛥 BDE = ½ DB × EN ---------------------(2)
∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ½ 𝐴𝐷 × 𝐸𝑁 Divide (1) by (2)
=
∆𝐵𝐷𝐸 ½ 𝐷𝐵 × 𝐸𝑁 ----------------------(3)
𝐴𝐷
=𝐷𝐵
Similarly,
In 𝛥 ADE , Area of 𝛥 = ½ ×Base × Height
Area of 𝛥 ADE = ½ AE × DM ----------------(4)
In 𝛥 DEC Area of 𝛥 =½ × Base × Height
Area of 𝛥 DEC = ½ EC × DM ----------------(5)

∆𝐴𝐷𝐸 ½ 𝐴𝐸 𝑋 𝐷𝑀
=
∆𝐷𝐸𝐶 ½ 𝐸𝐶 𝑋 𝐷𝑀 Divide (4) by (5)
𝐴𝐸
= ------- --------(6)
𝐸𝐶
Two triangles BDE And DEC are on
the same base DE and between parallel
lines BC and DE. So, ar (BDE) = ar (DEC) -----------------(7)

From (3) ,(6) and (7)We get,

𝐴𝐷 𝐷𝐵
𝐷𝐵
= 𝐸𝐶

16
THEOREM- 2
The ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is equal to the square of the ratio of their
corresponding sides.

Given: ABC and PQR are similar triangles such that

𝛥ABC ~ 𝛥PQR
𝒂𝒓 𝛥(𝑨𝑩𝑪) 𝐴𝐵 2 𝐵𝐶 2 𝐶𝐴 2
To prove: =( ) = ( ) = ( )
𝒂𝒓𝛥(𝑷𝑸𝑹) 𝑃𝑄 𝑄𝑅 𝑅𝑃

Construction: Draw altitudes AM and PN

Proof:

STATEMENTS REASONS
Area of ABC = ½ ×BC × AM Area of 𝛥 =½ × Base × Height
Area of PQR = ½ × QR × PN Area of 𝛥 =½ × Base × Height
𝒂𝒓 ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪 ½ 𝑩𝑪 × 𝑨𝑴
=
𝒂𝒓 ∆𝑷𝑸𝑹 ½ 𝑸𝑹 × 𝑷𝑵
------------(1)
𝑩𝑪 × 𝑨𝑴
=
𝑸𝑹 × 𝑷𝑵

In 𝛥ABM , and 𝛥 PQN 𝛥ABC ~ 𝛥PQR

∠B = ∠Q
∠AMB = ∠PNQ Each angle is 90
𝛥ABM ~ 𝛥PQN AA criteria
∴ AM/PN = AB/PQ
also, 𝛥ABC ~ 𝛥PQR -----------------(2)

so, AB/PQ = BC/QR=CA/RP Given

𝑎𝑟 ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵𝑋 𝐴𝑀 𝐴𝐵 𝑋 𝐴𝐵 𝐴𝐵
= 𝑃𝑄 𝑋 𝑃𝑁 = = (𝑃𝑄)2 -------------------(3)
𝑎𝑟 ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 𝑃𝑄 𝑋 𝑃𝑄

-------FROM (1)AND (2)

Now using (3), we get

𝒂𝒓(𝑨𝑩𝑪) 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= (𝑃𝑄)2 =(𝑄𝑅)2 =(𝑅𝑃)2
𝒂𝒓(𝑷𝑸𝑹)

17
THEOREM- 3
If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal, then their corresponding sides are in the same
ratio (or proportion) and hence the two triangles are similar.

Given: ∆ ABC = ∆ EDF ∆ BAC = ∆ EDF ∆ ABC = ∆ DEF

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐷 To prove: ∆ ABC ∼ ∆ DEF
𝐷𝐸

Construction : On AB & HC mark G & H points such that AG = DE, AH = DF and join GH

STATEMENTS REASONS

In ∆ AGH & ∆ DEF

AG = DE Construction

AH = DF Construction

∠GAH = ∠ EDF Given

∆ AGH ≅ ∆ DEF SAS postulate

∠AGH = ∠ DEF Corresponding angles of similar triangles

But < ABC = < DEF

⇒ AGH = <ABC Corresponding angles and parallel lines

∴ GH∥ BC

In ABC,
𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐻𝐴 Thale’s Corollary
𝐴𝐺

∆ AGH ≅ ∆ DEF

18
 𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐴
= 𝐸𝐹 = 𝐹𝐷
𝐷𝐸

∆ ABC ∼ ∆ DEF

THEOREM- 4
In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the
other two sides.

Given: ABC is right angled triangle, right angled at B

To prove: 𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵 2 + 𝐵𝐶 2
Construction: Draw BD⊥AC

STATEMENTS REASONS
𝛥ADB ~ 𝛥ABC If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of
the right angle of a right triangle to the
hypotenuse then triangles on both sides of
the perpendicular are similar to the whole
triangle and to each other
So, AD/AB = AB/AC Sides are proportional
AD X AC =𝐴𝐵 2 ----------------------------(1)
ALSO, 𝛥BDC ~ 𝛥ABC If a perpendicular is drawn from the vertex of
the right angle of a right triangle to the
hypotenuse then triangles on both sides of
the perpendicular are similar to the whole
triangle and to each other
So, CD/BC = BC/AC
CD X AC =𝐵𝐶 2 ------------------(2)
Adding (1) and (2)
AD X AC + CD X AC =𝐴𝐵2 +𝐵𝐶 2
AC (AD +CD) = 𝐴𝐵2 +𝐵𝐶 2
AC X AC =𝐴𝐵2 +𝐵𝐶 2
𝐴𝐶 2 = 𝐴𝐵2 +𝐵𝐶 2

UNIT 3 : PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS IN TWO VARIABLES

19
I. Multiple choice questions.
1. The graphic representation of the equation x +2y =3 and 2x +4y +7 =0 gives a pair of
A. coincident lines B. intersecting lines C .Parallel lines D. transversal lines
2. The pair of equations 2x + y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 8 has
A. unique solution B. two solutions C. no solution D. many solutions
3. The value of p for which the pair of linear equation 4x + 6y -1 =0 and 2x + py -7 = 0 represents
parallel lines is
A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6
4. The pair of linear equations kx - 2y = 3 and 3x + y = 5 has unique solution if
A. k = 6 B. k = - 6 C. k = 3 D. k = 2
5. For what value of k does the equations x + 2y – 4 = 0 and 2x + ky – 12 = 0 has no solution.
A. k = 2 B. k = 0 C. k = 4 D. k = 1
𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐
6. If = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 , then the lines represented by the equations are
𝑎2 2 2

A. coincident lines B. intersecting lines C. parallel lines D. none of these

7. The solution of the equations x + y = 14 and x – y = 4 are
A. (5, 9) B. (9, 5) C. (9, -5) D. (-9, 5)
8. The solution of the equations x + 3y = 6 and 2x – 3y = 12 are
A. x = 6, y = 0 B. x = 0, y = 6 C. x = -6, y = 0 D. x = 6, y = 6
9. The Pair of lines a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 are intersecting lines then the ratio of their
coefficients is
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏1 𝑏 𝑐1
A. 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 B. = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1 C. 𝑎1 ≠ D. 𝑏1 ≠
2 2 2 𝑎2 2 2 2 𝑏2 2 𝑐2

10. If the pair of linear equations a1x+b1y+c1=0 and a2x+b2y+c2=0 has infinitely many solutions then
which of the following condition is correct.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑏1 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
A. 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 B. 𝑎1 ≠ C. 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1 D. All the above
2 2 2 2 𝑏2 2 2 2

11. If the lines are parallel, then the pair of equations has no solution. In this case, the pair of
equations is
A. inconsistent B. consistent C. dependent D. All the above
12. ‘The difference between two numbers is 26 and one number is three times the other’ represent
the statement algebraically
A.x + y = 26 & x = 3y B. x - y = 26 & x = 3y C. x y = 26 & x = 3y D. x - y = 26 & x = y

13. The intersecting point of the graph of the equations y = 2x - 2 and y = 4x - 4 is

20
 A. (1, 0) B. (0. 1) C. (-1, 0) D. (0, -1)
14. If the equation 3x + y = 5 and y = mx + 5 represent the same straight line then the value of m is
A. 3 B. 5 C. -1 D. -3
15. Coordinates of the origin is
A. (1,1) B. (0. 0) C. (-1, -1) D. (0, 1)
II. One mark questions.
1. Write the general form for a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y.

2. Write the general form of a linear equation in one variable.

3. Ramu went to a stationery shop and purchased 2 pencils and 3 erasers for ₹ 9. His friend Somu
also bought 4 pencils and 6 erasers of the same kind for ₹18. Represent the situation algebraically.
4. Check whether the pair of equations x + 3y = 6 and 2x – 3y = 12 is consistent or inconsistent.
5. Write the condition for the ratios of coefficients of linear equations representing parallel lines.
6. Find the value of x and y in the pair of linear equations x + y = 9 and x – y = 1
III. Two mark questions.
1. Find the nature of the lines representing the linear equations 2x – y = 3 and 4x – y = 5.
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
2. On comparing the ratios . 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1 , find out whether pair of linear equations 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2 2 2

and 2x – y + 9 = 0 intersect at a point, are parallel or coincident.

𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
3. On comparing the ratios . 𝑎1 , 𝑏1 , 𝑐1 , find out whether pair of linear equations 5x – 3y = 10
2 2 2

and – 10x + 6y = –20 are consistent, or inconsistent.

4. Find the number of solutions of the pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and -3x -6y + 1= 0.
5. For what value of k, the pair of linear equations kx + 2y = 5 and 3x -4y = 0 has no solution?
6. Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method.
i. x + y = 14 and x – y = 4
ii. x + y = 6 and x – y = 6
iii. x + y = 1 and 2x + y = 8
iv. -x + y = 10 and x + y = 2
IV. Three marks questions.
Solve the following pair of linear equations by the elimination method
i. x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4
ii. 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2
iii. 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7
iv. 2x + y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 8
v. 8x + 5y = 9 and 3x + 2y = 4
V. Four marks questions.
Find the solution to the given pair of linear equations by graphical method.

21
 i. x + y = 10, x - y = -4 ii. x + y = 6, 3x - y = 2
iii.x + y = 5, 2x + 2y = 10 iv. 2x+y = 6, 2x – y +2 = 0 v. x – y = 8, 3x – 3y = 15
VI. Find the value of x and y by graphical method for the following equations
i. 5x-y = 17 , 2x -2y = 2
ii. 2x + y – 6 = 0, 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
iii. 2x – 2y – 2 = 0, 4x – 4y – 5 = 0
iv. x + 2y = 3, 4x + 3y = 2
v. x + y = 3 and 2x + 5y = 12
Answers
Pair of linear equations in two variables
I. Multiple choice questions.
1. C. Parallel lines 2. A. unique solution 3. B. 3 4. B. k = - 6 5. C. k = 4
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
6. A. coincident lines 7. B. (9, 5) 8. A. x = 6, y = 0 9. C. 1 ≠ 1 10. A. 1 = 1 = 1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

11. A. inconsistent 12. B. x - y = 26 & x = 3y 13. A. (1, 0) 14. D. -3 15. B. (0. 0)

II. One mark questions.

1. a1x + b1y + c1 =0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 where a1, b1, c1, a2, b2, c2 are all real numbers and a1 2 + b1 2 ≠ 0, a2 2 + b2 2 ≠
0.
2. ax + b = 0 where a ≠ 0
3. Let the cost a pencil be ₹ x and the cost a rubber be ₹ y, then the algebraic representation is
2x + 3y = 9
4x + 6y = 18
4. x + 3y - 6 = 0
2x – 3y – 12 = 0
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 3 1 𝑐1 −6 1 𝑎1 𝑏
= 2, = −3 =−1 , = −12 = 2 Here ≠ 𝑏1 ∴ pair of equations is consistent.
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 𝑎2 2

5. Ratios of coefficients of linear equations representing parallel lines.

𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐
= 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1
𝑎2 2 2

6.

.
III. Two mark questions.

22
1. 2x – y = 3
𝑎1 2 1 𝑏1 −1 1 𝑐1 −3 3 𝑎1 𝑏
4x – y = 5 =4=2, = −1 = 1 , = −5 = 5 Here ≠ 𝑏1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 𝑎2 2

∴ lines are intersecting and have only one solution (unique solution).
2. 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
𝑎1 6 3 𝑏1 −3 3 𝑐1 10 𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐
=2=1, = −1 = 1 , = Here = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2 9 𝑎2 2 2

∴ lines are parallel and have no solution.

3. 5x – 3y = 10
– 10x + 6y = –20
𝑎1 5 −1 𝑏1 −3 −1 𝑐1 −10 −1
= −10 = , = = , = =
𝑎2 2 𝑏2 6 2 𝑐2 20 2

𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐
Here = 𝑏1 = 𝑐1 ∴ lines are coincident and have many solutions and it is consistent.
𝑎2 2 2

4. x + 2y + 5 = 0
-3x - 6y + 1 = 0.
𝑎1 1 𝑏1 2 1 𝑐1 5
= −3 , = −6 = −3 , =1
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2

𝑎1 𝑏 𝑐
Here = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1 ∴ lines are parallel and have no solution.
𝑎2 2 2

IV. kx + 2y = 5
3x - 4y = 0
Pair of linear equations has no solution
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
 𝑎1 = 𝑏1 ≠ 𝑐1
2 2 2

𝑎1 𝑏 𝑘 2 2𝑥3 3
= 𝑏1 = −4 k = = −2
𝑎2 2 3 −4

6.
i. x + y = 14 and x – y = 4 ii. x + y = 6 and x – y = 6

iii. x + y = 1 and 2x + y = 8 iv. -x + y = 10 and x + y = 2

23
 V. Three marks questions.

i. x + y = 5 and 2x – 3y = 4 ii. 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2

iii. 3x – 5y – 4 = 0 and 9x = 2y + 7

24
iv.2x + y = 5 and 3x + 2y = 8 v. 8x + 5y = 9 3x + 2y = 4

25
 ii.
i. x + y = 10 x-y=-4
y = 10 - x y=x+4

when x = 0, y = 10 – 0 when x = 0, y = 0 + 4
= 10 =4

when x = 1, y = 10 – 1 when x = 1, y = 1 + 4
=9 =5

when x = 2, y = 10 – 2 when x = 2, y = 2 + 4
=8 =6

x 0 1 2 x 0 1 2
y 10 9 8 y 4 5 6

ii. x+y=6 3x - y = 2
y=6-x y = 3x - 2

when x = 0, y = 6 – 0 when x = 0, y = 3(0) - 2

=6 = -2

when x = 1, y = 6 – 1 when x = 1, y = 3(1) - 2

=5 = 3 – 2 =1

when x = 6, y = 6 – 6 when x = 2, y = 3(2) -2

=0 = 6- 2 = 4

x 0 1 6 x 0 1 2
y 6 5 0 y -2 1 4

26
iii. x+y=5 2x + 2y = 10 ÷ 2
when x = 0, y = 5 – 0
y=5-x x+y=5
=5
when x = 1, y = 5 – 1
=4

when x = 5, y = 5 – 5
=0

when x = 6, y = 5 – 6
= -1

x 0 1 5 6
y 5 4 0 -1

iv. 2x+y = 6 2x – y +2 = 0
y = 6 - 2x y = 2x +2

when x = 0, y = 6 – 2(0) when x = 0, y = 2(0) + 2

=6-0 =0+2
=6 =2

when x = 1, y = 6 – 2(1) when x = 1, y = 2(1) +2

=6-2 =2+2
=4 =4

27
 when x = 3, y = 6 – 2(3) when x = 2, y = 2(2) + 2
=6–6 =4+2
=0 =6

x 0 1 3 x 0 1 2
y 6 4 0 y 2 4 6

v.
x-y=8 3x - 3y = 15
y=x-8 3y = 3x – 15

3x − 15
y= 3

3(0) − 15 − 15
when x = 0, y = 0 – 8 when x = 0, y = = = -5
3 3

3(1) − 15 3 − 15 −12
when x = 2, y = 2 – 8 = -6 when x = 1, y = = = = -4
3 3 3

3(5) − 15 15 − 15 0
when x = 8, y = 8 – 8 = 0 when x = 5, y = = =3 =0
3 3

x 0 2 8 x 0 1 5
y -8 -6 0 y -5 -4 0

28
vi. 5x-y = 17 2x -2y = 2
y = 5x - 17 2y = 2x – 2
2x – 2
y= 2

2(0) − 2 −2
when x = 2, y = 5(2) – 17 when x = 0, y = = = -1
2 2
= 10 -17 = -7
2(1) − 2 2−2 0
when x = 3, y = 5(3) – 17 when x = 1, y = = =2 =0
2 2
= 15 -17 = - 2
2(2) − 2 4−2 2
when x = 4, y = 5(4) – 17 when x = 2, y = = = 2 =1
2 2
= 20 – 17 = 3

x 2 3 4 x 0 1 2
y -7 -2 3 y -1 0 1

29
 vii. 2x + y – 6 = 0 4x – 2y – 4 = 0
y = 6 - 2x 2y = 4x – 4 ÷ 2
y = 2x – 2
when x = 0, y = 6 – 2(0) when x = 0, y = 2(0) - 2
=6-0 =0-2
=6 = -2
when x = 1, y = 6 – 2(1) when x = 1, y = 2(1) -2
=6-2 =2-2
=4 =0

when x = 2, y = 6 – 2(2) when x = 2, y = 2(2) - 2

=6–4 =4-2
=2 =2

x 0 1 2 x 0 1 2
y 6 4 2 y -2 0 2

vii. 2x – 2y – 2 = 0 4x – 4y – 2 = 0
2y = 2x – 2 ÷ 2 4y = 4x – 2 ÷ 2
2x – 1
y=x–1 2y = 2x – 1 y=
2
2(0) − 1 −1
when x = 1, y = 1 - 1 = 0 when x = 0, y = = = - 0.5
2 2

2(1) − 1 1
when x = 3, y = 3 - 1 = 2 when x = 1, y = = = 0.5
2 2

2(2) − 1 3
when x = 5, y = 5 - 1 = 4 when x = 2, y = = = 1.5
2 2

x 1 3 5 x 0 1 2
y 0 2 4 y -0.5 0.5 1.5

30
viii. x + 2y = 3 4x + 3y = 2
2y = 3 - x 3y = 2 – 4x
3−x 2 – 4x
y= y=
2 3
3−1 2 2 − 4(2) −6
when x = 1, y = = =1 when x = 2, y = = = -2
2 2 3 3

3−3 0 2 − 4(5) − 18
when x = 3, y = = =0 when x = 5, y = = = -6
2 2 3 3

3−5 −2 2 − 4(−1) 6
when x = 5, y = = = -1 when x = -1, y = = =2
2 2 3 3

x 1 3 5 x 2 5 -1
y 1 0 -1 y -2 -6 2

31
x. x+y=3 2x + 5y = 12
y=3-x 5y = 12- 2x
12− 2x
y=3-x y= 5

12− 2(1) 12−2 10

when x = 1, y = 3 - 1 when x = 1, y = = = =2
5 5 5
=2

12− 2(6) 12−12 0

when x = 3, y = 3 - 3 when x = 6, y = = = =0
5 5 5

=0
12− 2(−4) 12+8 20
when x = 5, y = 3 - 5 when x = - 4, y = = = =4
5 5 5
= -2

x 1 3 5 x 1 6 -4
y 2 0 -2 y 2 0 4

32
 UNIT 4. CIRCLES
1 MARK QUESTIONS(MCQ):-
1.Write the number of tangent that can be drawn to a circle at any point on it.
Ans : 2
2.A straight line which passes through two points on a circle is
(a)a chord (b)a secant (c)a tangent (d)the radius
Ans : (b)a secant
3.In the following figure , PA , PC and CD are tangents drawn to a circle of centre O.If AP=3cm ,
CD=5cm , then the length of PC is

(a)3 cm (b)5 cm (c)8 cm (d)2 cm

Ans : (c)8 cm
4.A straight line passing through a point on a circle is
(a)a chord (b)a secant (c)a tangent (d)the radius
Ans : (c)a tangent
4. Write the measure of angle between tangent to a circle and radius drawn from the centre of the
circle to the point of contact of the tangent.
Ans : 900
5. In the figure , O is the centre of a circle, AC is a diameter. If |ACB = 500 , then find the
measure of |BAC.

33
3 MARKS(LQ):- 1.Prove that “The length of the tangents drawn from an external point to the
circle are equal “.

2. Prove that “the tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the
point of contact”.

34
 UNIT 4: CONSTRUCTIONS
Two mark questions :
1. Draw a line segment of length 9 cm and divide it in the ratio 5:3.

2. Draw a line segment of length 12cm and divide it in the ratio 7:5 .

3. Draw a line segment of length 9cm and divide it in the ratio 3:2 .

35
4. Draw a line segment of length 7.6cm and divide it in the ratio 5:8 .

Three mark questions

1. Draw a circle of radius 6cm. From a point 3cm away from the circle, construct
a pair of tangents to the circle.

2. Construct a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 3.5cm from a point 9cm away
from the centre.

36
3. Draw a circle of diameter 7cm from a point 6.2cm away from the centre, drew
two tangents.

37
4. Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 3 cm such that angle between the radii
is 1200 .

5. Draw a pair of tangents to a circle of radius 5cm , which are inclined to each
other at an angle 600

6. Draw a circle of radius 6cm and from a point 4cm construct a pair of tangents.

38
Four mark questions
1. Construct a triangle of sides 5 cm , 4cm and 6cm and then a triangle similar
to it whose sides are 2/3 of the corresponding sides of the first triangle.

39
2. Draw a triangle of sides AB=6cm, BC= 5cm and ∟ABC=800 . Then
construct a triangle whose sides are ¾ of the corresponding sides of the
triangle ABC.

3. Construct a triangle of sides 5cm , 7cm and 6cm and then a triangle similar
to it whose sides are 7/5 of the corresponding sides of the first triangle.

40
4. Construct an isosceles triangle 8cm , and altitude 4cm and then other triangle
1
whose sides are 12 times the corresponding sides of the isosceles triangle.

5. Draw a triangle ABC wth sides BC=7cm, ∟B = 450 ∟A= 1050 . Then
4
construct another triangle whose sides are times the corresponding sides
3
of the other triangle.

41
6. Draw a right angled triangle in which the sides (other than hypotenuse) are of
3
the length 4cm and 3cm . Then construct another triangle whose sides are
4
times the corresponding sides of the other triangle.

42
 UNIT 6: COORDINATE GEOMETRY
One mark questions:
1. The distance between P(x1, y1 ) and Q (x2, y2 ) is -------------------
Ans : √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
2. The distance of a point P(x, y ) from the origin is ----------------
Ans : √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
3. The coordinates of the point P(x,y) which divides the line segment joining
the points A(x1, y1 ) and B (x2, y2 ) internally in the ratio m1: m2 are -----
---------------
𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1
Ans : ( , 𝑚 +𝑚 )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 1 2
4. The mid points of the line segment joining the points P(x1, y1 ) and Q (x2,
y2 ) is -----
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Ans : ( 2
, 2 )
5. The area of the triangle formed by the points (x1, y1 ) , (x2, y2 ) and (x3, y3 )
is the numerical value of the expression -----------------------
1
Ans : [𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )]
2
6. What is the distance of the point ( -4, -3) from the origin?
Ans :d= √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2
= √(−4)2 + (−3)2
= √16 + 9
= √25
= 5 units
7. The distance between the points A( 0,6) and B(0,-2) is
Ans: √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

= √(0 − 0)2 + (−2 − 6)2

= √0 + 64
= 8 units
8. What is the midpoint of the line with end points ( 2, 4) and ( 6, -2)?
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Solution: Midpoint =( , 2 )
2
2+6 4−2
= [ , 2 ]
2
8 2
= [2 , ] = [ 4, 1]
2

43
Two mark questions:
1. Find the distance between A( 6,5) and B ( 4,4).
AB= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(4 − 6)2 + (4 − 5)2
= √(−2)2 + (−1)2
= √4 + 1
= √5 units
2. Find the coordinates of a point which divides the line segment with the
end points A(4, -3) and B ( 8,5) in the ratio 3:1

𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1
(x,y) = ( , )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 𝑚1 +𝑚2
3(8)+1(4) 3(5)+1(−3)
= ( 3+1 , 3+1 )
24+4 15−3
=( , 4 )
4
28 12
=( 4 , ) =(7,3)
4
3. Find a point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A(6, 5)
and B(– 4, 3).
We know that a point on the y-axis is of the form (0, y). So, let the point
P(0, y) be equidistant from A and B.

Use the formula d= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AP = BP
Then (6 – 0) + (5 – y) = (– 4 – 0)2 + (3 – y) 2
2 2

i.e., 36 + 25 + y 2 – 10y = 16 + 9 + y 2 – 6y
i.e., 4y = 36
i.e., y=9
Point P(0, y) =P(0, 9)

4. Find the coordinates of the midpoint joining the line segment joining
the points (2,3) and (4,7).
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Coordinates of midpoint = ( , )
2 2

2+4 3+7 6 10
=( , ) =( , ) = ( 3, 5)
2 2 2 2

44
5. Find the distance between the points A(3, 6) and B(5, 7) using
distance formula.

AB = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(5 − 3)2 + (7 − 6)2
= √(2)2 + (1)2
= √4 + 1
= √5 units
6. Find the co-ordinates of the point P, which divides the line joining
A(0, 0) and B(5, 10) in the ratio of 2:3.
𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1
(x,y) = ( , 𝑚 +𝑚 )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 1 2

2(5)+3(0) 2(10)+3(0)
=( , 2+3 )
2+3
10+0 20+0 10 20
=( , 5 ) =(5 , ) = (2,4)
5 5
7. Find a relation between x and y such that the point P(x, y) is
equidistance from the points A (2, 5) and B (-3, 7).
Let P (x, y) be equidistant from the points A (2, 5) and B (-3, 7).
∴ AP = BP …[Given]
AP2 = BP2 …[Squaring both sides]
(x – 2)2 + (y – 5)2 = (x + 3)2 + (y – 7)2
x2 – 4x + 4 + y2 – 10y + 25 = x2 + 6x + 9 + y2 – 14y + 49
-4x – 10y – 6x + 14y = 9 +49 – 4 – 25
-10x + 4y = 29
∴ 10x + 29 = 4y is the required relation.
8. Find that value(s) of x for which the distance between the points P(x,
4) and Q(9, 10) is 10 units.
PQ = 10 …Given
PQ2 = 102 = 100 … [Squaring both sides]
(9 – x)2 + (10 – 4)2 = 100…(using distance formula)
(9 – x)2 + 36 = 100
(9 – x)2 = 100 – 36 = 64
(9 – x) = ± 8 …[Taking square-root on both sides]
9 – x = 8 or 9 – x = -8
9 – 8 = x or 9+ 8 = x
x = 1 or x = 17
45
Three mark questions:
1. Find the value of ‘k’. If the co-ordinates of the points A(2, -2), B(-4, 2) and
C(-7, k) are collinear.
If the points are collinear , then the area of triangle formed by those points
would be zero
∴ Area of triangle =0
1
= 2 [𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )] = 0
1
= 2 [2(2 − k) + (−4)(k − (−2)) + (−7)(−2 − 2)] = 0
1
= 2 [2(2 − k) − 4(k + 2)) + (−7)(−4)] = 0
= [4 − 2𝑘 − 4k − 8 + 28] = 0
24
= [−6𝑘 + 24] = 0 i.e 6𝑘 = 24 i.e k=
6
2. Find the area of triangle ABC, whose co-ordinates are A(4, -6), B(3, -2)
and C(5, 2) then find the length of the median AD?

1
∴ Area of triangle = [𝑥1 (𝑦2 − 𝑦3 ) + 𝑥2 (𝑦3 − 𝑦1 ) + 𝑥3 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )]
2
1
= 2 [4(−2 − 2) + 3(2 − (−6)) + 5(−6 − (−2))]
1
= 2 [4(−4) + 3(8) + 5(−4)]
1
= 2 [−16 + 24 − 20]
1
= 2 [−12]
= -6
∴ Area of triangle is 6 square units
D is the midpoint of BC
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Coordinates of D = ( , )
2 2

46
 3+5 −2+2
= ( , 2 )
2
8 0
= (2 , 2)
Coordinates of D = ( 4,0)
Length of AD = length of median
= √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
= √(4 − 4)2 + (−6 − 0)2
= √(0)2 + (−6)2
= √36 = 6 units
2. Find the ratio in which P(2,x ) divides the line segment formed by joining
A(-2, 2) and B(3,7). Also find the value of X.
Let the ratio in which P divides AB be m:1
By section formula
𝑚1 𝑥2 +𝑚2 𝑥1 𝑚1 𝑦2 +𝑚2 𝑦1
(x, y) = ( , 𝑚 +𝑚 )
𝑚1 +𝑚2 1 2
m(3)+1(−2) m(7)+1(2)
(2, x) = ( , )
m+1 m+1
3m−2 7m+2
(2, x) = ( , )
m+1 m+1
3m−2
∴ 2 = m+1
2(m+1) = 3m -2
2m +2 = 3m -2
3m -2m = 2+2
m=4
7m+2
x=
m+1
7(4)+2 30
x = 4+1 = =6
5
3. Show that the points (1, 7), (4, 2), (–1, –1) and (– 4, 4) are the vertices of a
square.
Let A(1, 7), B(4, 2), C(–1, –1) and D(– 4, 4) be the given points.
In a square all the sides are equal to each other.
Use distance formula d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
AB = √(4 − 1)2 + (2 − 7)2 = √32 + (−5)2 = √9 + 25 = √34 units
BC = √(−1 − 4)2 + (−1 − 2)2 = √−52 + (−3)2 = √25 + 9 = √34 units

47
 CD = √(−4 + 1)2 + (4 + 1)2 = √−32 + (5)2 = √9 + 25 = √34 units
DA = √(−4 − 1)2 + (4 − 7)2 = √−52 + (3)2 = √25 + 9 = √34 units
∴ AB= BC = CD = DA
Also diagonals of a square are equal
AC = √(−1 − 1)2 + (−1 − 7)2 = √−22 + (−8)2 = √4 + 64 = √68 units
BD = √(−4 − 4)2 + (4 − 2)2 = √−82 + (2)2 = √64 + 4 = √68 units
∴ AC= BD
∴ ABCD is a square
4. (-3,2) , B(-1,-4) and C(5,2) are the vertices of triangle ABC. M and N are
the mid points of AB and AC respectively. Show that 2MN=BC
A(-3,2)

M N

B(-1,-4) C(5,2
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Coordinates of M = ( , 2 )
2
−1−3 −4+2
= ( 2 , 2 )
−4 −2
=( , )
2 2
= ( -2, -1)
𝑥1 +𝑥2 𝑦1 +𝑦2
Coordinates of N = ( , )
2 2
5−3 2+2
=( 2 2
, )
2 4
= (2 , 2)
= ( 1, 2)
Distance of MN = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
=√(1 + 2)2 + (2 + 1)2
= √(3)2 + (3)2 = 3 √2 units
48
 Distance of BC = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
=√(5 + 1)2 + (2 + 4)2
= √(6)2 + (6)2
=6 √2 units
Now 2 MN = 2× 3 √2 = 6 √2 ∴ 2 MN = BC
5. If A( 5 2), B(2 2) , and C ( -2, t), are the vertices of a right angled triangle
with angle B = 90º, then find the value of t

Use distance formula to find the length of sides

d = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

AB = √(2 − 5)2 + (−2 − 2)2

= √−32 + (−4)2 = √9 + 16 = √25

AB2 = 25 units
BC = √(−2 − 2)2 + (t + 2)2
= √(−4)2 + (t + 2)2
BC2 = 16+(t + 2)2
AC = √(5 + 2)2 + (2 − t)2
= √(7)2 + (2 − t)2
AC2 = 49 + (2 − t)2
ABC is a right angled triangle
∴ According to Pythagoras theorem
AC2 = AB2 + BC2

49 + (2 − t)2 = 25 + 16+(t + 2)2

49 + 4 – 4t + t2 = 41 + t2 +4t + 4
53 -4t + t2 = 45 +4t + t2
4t + 4t = 53- 45
8t = 8
t=1

49
 UNIT 7: QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
I. Multiple choice questions.
1. Which of the following is a quadratic equation?
1
A. (x – 2)2 + 1 = 2x – 3 B. x2 + y2 = 5 C. x + 𝑥 = x2 D. x3 – x2 + x = 0
2. Which of the following is not a quadratic equation?
6 1
A. x2 – x + 3=0 B. x - 𝑥 = 3 C. x2 + 𝑥 2 = 5 D. x2 – 2x = (-2) (3 - x)
3. Standard form of a quadratic equation is
A. ax2 + bx + c = 0 B. ax2 + bx - c = 0 C. ax2 - bx + c = 0 D. All the above
4. Roots of the quadratic equation x2 - 3x - 10 = 0 are
A. 5, 2 B. 5, -2 C. 5, -2 D. -5, -2
5. Roots of the quadratic equation y2 = y + 6 are
A. 3, 2 B. -3, 2 C. -3, -2 D. 3, -2
72
6. If x = 2𝑥 , then the value of x is

A. 36 B. ±6 C. 6 D. – 6
7. If the roots of the quadratic equation are real and distinct, then which of the following is correct?
A. ∆ > 0 B. ∆ = 0 C. ∆ < 0 D. ∆ ≤ 0
8. If ∆ = - 5, then the roots of the given equation are
A. real & equal B. real & distinct C. imaginary roots D. no roots
9. If the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 - 2x + k = 0 are equal, then the value of ‘k’ is
1 −1
A. 3 B. C. -3 D.
3 3
2
10.For what value of p, the roots of the equation x + px = -36 are equal
A. ± 6 B. ± 2 C. ± 12 D. ± 8
11. The positive root of the equation (2x + 1) (3x – 2)= 0 is
2 1 3
A. 3 B. 2 C. 2 D. 2
12. The value of discriminent of the quadratic equation 2x2 - 3x + 5 = 0 is
A. 31 B. -31 C. 49 D. 0
13. If b2 -4ac = 0, then the roots of the equation is
−𝑏 𝑏 2𝑎 −𝑏2
A. B. C. D.
2𝑎 2𝑎 𝑏 2𝑎
14. In quadratic equation ax2 + bx - c = 0, if b2 -4ac > 0 then the roots of the equation are
A. real & equal B. real & distinct C. imaginary roots D. no roots
15. Nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 3x2 - 4√3x + 4 = 0 is
A. real & equal B. real & distinct C. imaginary roots D. no roots
16. “The product of two consecutive positive integers is 306.” Represent this situation in the
form of quadratic equations
A. x2 + x + 306 = 0 B. x2 + x – 306 = 0 C. x2 – 306 = 0 D. 2x + 1 – 306 = 0

50
17. The square of a number is added to the three times of the number, whose sum is 28. This
can be expressed in the form of equation as
A. x2 - 3 x - 28 = 0 B. x2 - 3x + 28 = 0 C. x2 + 3x = 28 D. x2 + 3x + 28=0
18. The sum of the squares of two consecutive natural numbers is 20. Representing this
statement in the form of quadratic equation is,

A. x2 + (x + 1)2 = 20 B. x2 + (x – 1)2 = 20 C. x2 - (x + 1)2 = 20 D. x2 + (x+1)2 + 20= 0

II. One mark questions:
1. Write the formula to find the roots of quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c =0.
2. Write the discriminant of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c =0.
3. If (x+2)2 - 9 = 16, then find the value of x.
4. What will be the nature of the roots of quadratic equation 2x2 - 6x + 3 = 0
5. If the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are equal, then find the value of c.
6. Determine whether 1 is the root of the equation 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0.
III. Two mark questions :
1. Check whether (x + 2)3 = x3 – 4 form a quadratic equation.
2. State whether the equation (x +1) (x-2) + x = 0 has two distinct real roots or not.
1
3. If is a root of the equation 2x2 – kx + 3 = 0, then find the value of k.
2

4. Find the value of k for which the quadratic equation kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0 has equal roots.
5. Find the nature of the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2– 3x + 5 = 0. If the real roots exist,
find them.
6. Is it possible to design a rectangular park of perimeter 80 m and area 400 m2?
7. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by factorization method.
i. 6x2 – x – 2 = 0 v. 2x2 + x – 6 = 0
ii. x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 vi. 100x2 – 20x + 1= 0
iii. 3x2 – 2 6x + 2 = 0 vii. 3x2 – 11x + 8= 0
1
iv. 2x2 – x + 8 = 0

8.Find the roots of the following equations by formula method.

i. 9x2– 15x + 6 = 0 iv. 2x2 – 5x + 3 = 0
ii. 9x2 + 7x - 2 = 0 v. 2x2 + x – 528=0
iii. 25x2 + 30x + 7 = 0 vi. 3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0

51
 IV. Three marks questions:
1. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
2. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365.

3. Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290.

4. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find

the other two sides.

5. A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream

than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.

6. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got

2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would

have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.

7. The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer

side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.

8. The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8

times the larger number. Find the two numbers.

9. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would

have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.

10. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24m,

find the sides of the two squares.

Quadratic equations - Answers

I. Multiple choice questions.
1
1. A. (x – 2)2 + 1 = 2x – 3 2. C. x2 + x2 = 5 3. A. ax2 + bx + c = 0

4. B. 5, -2 5. D. 3, -2 6. B. ±6 7. A. ∆ > 0 8. D. no roots
1 2
9. B. 3 10. C. ± 12 11. A. 3 12. B. -31
−b
13. A. 14. B. real & distinct 15. A. real & equal 16. B. x2 + x – 306 = 0
2a

17. C. x2 + 3x = 28 18. A. x2 + (x + 1)2 = 20

52
 II. One mark questions.
− b ± √b2 − 4ac
1. 2a
2. b2- 4ac
3. (x+2)2 - 9 = 16
(x+2)2 = 16 + 9
(x+2)2 = 25

x+2 = √25
x+2 = ± 5
x=±5-2
x = + 5 – 2 or x = - 5 – 2
x = 3 or x = - 7
4. b2 - 4ac
= (-6)2 – 4(2)(3)
= 36 – 24
= 12 > 0
∴ roots are real & distinct
5. b2 - 4ac = 0
b2 = 4ac
b2
c = 4a

6. 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0
2x2 - 3x - 2x + 3 = 0
x (2x – 3) - 1(2x – 3) = 0
(2x – 3) (x – 1) = 0
(2x – 3) = 0 or (x – 1) = 0
2x = 3 or x = 1
3
x = 2 or x = 1

∴1 is the root of the equation 2x2 - 5x + 3 = 0

III. Two mark questions
1.
(x + 2)3 = x3 – 4 (a + b )3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3

x3 + 3 (x)2 (2) + 3 (x) (22) + 23 = x3 – 4

53
 6x2 + 12x + 8 = – 4
6x2 + 12x + 8 + 4 = 0
6x2 + 12x + 12 = 0
This is in he form of ax2 + bx + c = 0
∴ (x + 2)3 = x3 – 4 form a quadratic equation.
2. (x +1) (x-2) + x = 0
x (x-2) + 1(x-2) = 0
x2 – 2x+ 1x - 2 = 0
x2 – 1x - 2 = 0
b2 -4ac = (-1)2 – 4 (1) ( -2)
=1+8
=9>0
∴ (x +1) (x-2) + x = 0 has two distinct real roots.
3. 2x2 – kx + 3 = 0
1 1
2( ) 2 – k ( ) + 3 = 0
2 2
1 1
2 (4 ) – k (2 ) + 3 = 0
1 1
– k (2 ) + 3 = 0
2

k 1
= +3
2 2

k 1+6
=
2 2

k 7
=2
2
7x2
k= 2

k=7
4. kx (x – 2) + 6 = 0
kx2– 2kx + 6 = 0 has equal roots
b2 – 4ac = 0
(-2k)2 – 4 (k) (6) = 0
4k2 – 24k = 0
4k(k – 6) = 0
4k = 0 or k – 6 = 0
k = 0 or k = 6

54
 5. 2x2– 3x + 5 = 0
b2 – 4ac
= (-3)2 – 4 (2) (5)
= 9 – 40
= -31 < 0
∴ 2x2– 3x + 5 = 0 has no roots.
5. Perimeter = 80m
2(l + b) = 80
l + b = 40
b = 40 – l
Area = 400m2
l x b = 400
l x (40 – l) = 400
40l – l2 = 400
l2 – 40l + 400 = 0
Discriminant = b2 – 4ac
= (-40)2 – 4(1)(400)
= 1600 - 1600 = 0
∴ this equation has equal real roots. And hence, this situation is possible.
7. i) 6x2 – x – 2 = 0
6x2 – 4x + 3x – 2 = 0
2x(3x – 2) + 1(3x – 2) = 0
(3x – 2) (2x + 1) = 0
(3x – 2) = 0 or (2x + 1) = 0
3x = 2 or 2x = -1
2 −1
x=3 or x= 2
iii. 3x2 – 2 6x + 2 = 0
ii. x2 – 3x – 10 = 0 3x –  6x -  6x + 2 = 0
2

x2 – 5x + 2x – 10 = 0 3x(3x – 2) - 2(3x –2) = 0

x(x – 5) + 2(x – 5) = 0 (3x –2) (3x - 2) = 0
(x – 5) (x + 2) = 0
(3x –2) = 0 or (3x - 2) = 0
(x – 5) = 0 or (x + 2) = 0
x=5 or x = -2 3x = 2 or 3x = 2
√2 √2
x= or x=
√3 √3

55
 1
iv. 2x2 – x + 8 = 0

16x2 – 8x + 1 = 0
16x2 - 4x - 4x + 1= 0
4x(4x – 1) – 1(4x – 1)=0
(4x – 1) (4x – 1) = 0
4x =1 or 4x = 1 2
v. 2x2 + x – 6 = 0 vi. 100x – 20x + 1= 0
1 1 vii. 3x2 – 11x + 8= 0
x = 4 or x = 4 2
2x + 4x - 3x – 6 = 0
2
100x -10x – 10x + 1= 0
3x2 – 8x - 3x + 8= 0
2x(x + 2) - 3(x + 2) = 0 10x (10x - 1) - 1(10x - 1) = 0
x(3x – 8) -1 (3x - 8)= 0
(x + 2) (2x – 3) = 0 (10x - 1) (10x – 1) = 0
(3x – 8) (x -1) = 0
x = -2 or 2x = 3 10x = 1 or 10x = 1
3x = 8 or x =1
3 1 1
x=2 x = 10 or x = 10 8
x = 3 or x = 1

9. Find the roots of the following equations by formula method.

i. 9x2– 15x + 6 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ii. 9x2 + 7x - 2 = 0 iii. 25x2 + 30x + 7 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0
b2 -4ac = (-15)2 – 4(9)(6)
b2 -4ac = (7)2 – 4(9)(-2) b2 -4ac = (30)2 – 4(25)(7)
= 225 – 216 = 9
= 49 + 72 = 900 – 700
− 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
x= = 200
2𝑎 = 121
− (−15) ± √9 − 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
x= − 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 x=
2(9) x= 2𝑎
2𝑎
15 ± 3 − (30) ± √200
x= − (7) ± √121 x=
18 x= 2(9) 2(25)
15+ 3 15− 3
x= or x = −7 ± 11 −30 ± 10√2
18 18 x= x=
18 50
18 12
x= or x = −7+ 11 −7 − 11 10(−3 ± √2)
18 18 x= or x = x=
18 18 50
2
x = 1 or x = 4 −18 (−3 ± √2)
3 x = 18 or x = x=
18 5
2
x= or x = -1 (−3 + √2) (−3− √2)
9 x= or x =
5 5

56
iv. 2x2– 5x + 3 = 0 v. 2x2 + x – 528=0 vi. 3x2 – 5x + 2 = 0
ax2 + bx + c = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0 ax2 + bx + c = 0
b2 -4ac = (-5)2 – 4(2)(3) b2 -4ac = (1)2 – 4(2)(-528) b2 -4ac = (-5)2 –
= 25 – 24 = 1 + 4224 4(3)(2)

=1 = 4225 = 25 – 24

− 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐 =1

x= x=
2𝑎 2𝑎
− 𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
x=
− (−5) ± √1 − (1) ± √4225 2𝑎
x= x=
2(2) 2(2)
− (−5) ± √1
x=
5±1 −1 ± 65 2(3)
x= x=
4 4
5±1
x= 6

5+ 1 5− 1 −1+ 65 −1− 65
x= or x = x= or x =
4 4 4 4
5+ 1 5− 1
x= or x =
6 6

6 4 64 −66
x= or x = x= or x =
4 4 4 4
6 4
x= or x =
6 6

3 −33
x= or x = 1 x = 16 or x =
2 2
2
x = 1 or x = 3

IV. Three marks questions.

1. Find two numbers whose sum is 27 and product is 182.
Solution:
Let the first number be x
and the second number is 27 – x.
Therefore, the product of two numbers
x(27 – x) = 182
-x2 + 27x – 182 = 0
x2 – 27x + 182 = 0
x2 – 13x – 14x + 182 = 0
x(x – 13) -14(x – 13) = 0
(x – 13)(x -14) = 0
x -13 = 0 or x – 14 = 0
x = 13 or x = 14

57
Therefore, if first number = 13, then second number = 27 – 13 = 14
And if first number = 14, then second number = 27 – 14 = 13
Hence, the numbers are 13 and 14.
2. Find two consecutive positive integers, sum of whose squares is 365
Solution:
Let the two consecutive positive integers be x and x + 1.
Therefore, as per the given questions,
x2 + (x + 1)2 = 365 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

x2 + x2 + 1 + 2x = 365
2x2 + 2x – 364 = 0
x2 + x – 182 = 0
x2 + 14x – 13x – 182 = 0
x(x + 14) -13(x + 14) = 0
(x + 14)(x – 13) = 0
x + 14 = 0 or x – 13 = 0,
x = – 14 or x = 13
since, the integers are positive, so x = 13
x + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14
Therefore, two consecutive positive integers will be 13 and 14
3.Find two consecutive odd positive integers, sum of whose squares is 290.
Solution :

Let the two consecutive odd positive integers be x and x + 2.

According to the condition,

x2 + (x + 2)2 = 290

x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 290

2x2 + 4x – 286 = 0

x2 + 2x – 143 = 0 Which is a quadratic equation in x.

This is in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

The coefficient are a = 1, b = 2, c = -143

58
The roots are given by

− b ± √b2 − 4ac
x= 2a

− (2) ± √22 −4(1)(−143)

x= 2(1)

−2 ± √4+572
x= 2

−2 ± √576
x= 2
−2 ± 24
x= 2
−2 + 24 −2 − 24
x= or x =
2 2
22 −26
x= or x =
2 2

x = 11 or x = -13
But x is given to be an odd positive integer.
, x = 11.
Thus, the two consecutive odd integers are 11 and 13.
4. The altitude of a right triangle is 7 cm less than its base. If the hypotenuse is 13 cm, find
the other two sides.
Solution:
Let the base of the right triangle be x cm.
then the altitude of right triangle = (x – 7) cm
From Pythagoras theorem, we know,
Base2 + Altitude2 = Hypotenuse2
∴ x2 + (x – 7)2 = 132
x2 + x2 + 49 – 14x = 169
2x2 – 14x – 120 = 0
x2 – 7x – 60 = 0
x2 – 12x + 5x – 60 = 0
x(x – 12) + 5(x – 12) = 0
(x – 12)(x + 5) = 0
x – 12 = 0 or x + 5 = 0,
x = 12 or x = – 5
Since sides cannot be negative, x can only be 12.
59
Therefore, the base of the given triangle is 12 cm
and the altitude of this triangle will be (12 – 7) cm = 5 cm.
5.A motor boat whose speed is 18 km/h in still water takes 1 hour more to go 24 km upstream
than to return downstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream.
Solution:
Let the speed of the stream be x km/h.
 Speed of the boat upstream = (18 – x) km/h and
speed of the boat downstream = (18 + x) km/h.
distance 24
Time taken to go upstream = = 18−x hours
speed

distance 24
Time taken to go downstream = = 18+x hours
speed

According to the given data,

24 24
- 18 + x = 1
18 − x
1 1
24 (18 − x - 18 + x )= 1
18+x−(18−x)
24 [(18 − x)(18+x ) ]= 1

18 + x − 18 + x
24 [(18 − x)(18+x ) ]= 1
2x
24 [(18 − x)(18+x ) ]= 1

48x2 = (18 − x)(18 + x)

48x = 182 – x2
48x = 324 – x2
x2 + 48x - 324 = 0

This is in the form ax2 + bx + c = 0.

The coefficient are a = 1, b = 48, c = -324

The roots are given by

− b ± √b2 − 4ac
x= 2a

− (48) ± √482 −4(1)(−324)

x= 2(1)

−48 ± √2304 +1296 −48 ± √3600 −48 ± 60 −48 + 60

x= 2
⇒ x= 2
⇒ x= 2
⇒ x= 2
or
−48 − 60 −48 + 60 −48 − 60
x= x= or x =
2 2 2

60
 Since x is the speed of the stream, it
12 −108 cannot be negative. So, we ignore the
x= or x =
2 2 root x = – 54.
x = 6 or x = -54
∴, speed of the stream is 6km/h
6. In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got
2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would
have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Let the marks in Maths be x. Then, the marks in English will be 30 – x.
According to the given question,
(x + 2)(30 – x – 3) = 210
(x + 2)(27 – x) = 210
- x2 + 25x + 54 = 210
x2 - 25x + 156 = 0
x2 - 12x - 13 x + 156 = 0
x(x – 12) – 13( x -12) = 0
(x – 12)( x -13) = 0
x = 12 or 13
If the marks in Maths are 12, then marks in English will be 30 – 12 = 18.
If the marks in Maths are 13, then marks in English will be 30 – 13 = 17.
7.The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side.
If the longer side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the
sides of the field.
Solution:
Let the shorter side of the rectangle be x m.
Then, larger side of the rectangle = (x + 30)m

Diagonal of the rectangle = √ 𝑥 2 + (x + 30)2

It is given that the diagonal of the rectangle is 60m more than the shorter side.

 √ 𝑥 2 + (x + 30)2 = x + 60
x2 + (x + 30)2 = (x + 60)2
x2 + x2 + 900 + 60x = x2 + 3600 + 120x
x2 – 60x – 2700 = 0
x2 – 90x + 30x – 2700 = 0

61
x(x – 90) + 30(x - 90) = 0
(x – 90) (x + 30) = 0
x = 90 or - 30 However, side cannot be negative.
 the length of the shorter side will be 90 m.
Hence, length of the larger side will be (90 + 30)m = 120m
8.The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8
times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Solution:
Let the larger and smaller number be x and y respectively.
According to the given condition,
y2 = 8x
x2 - y2 = 180
x2 - 8x – 180 = 0
x2 - 18x + 10x – 180 = 0
x(x – 18) + 10(x – 18) = 0
(x + 10)(x – 18) = 0
x = -10 or x = 18 The larger number cannot be negative
The larger number will be(x) = 18. as 8 times the larger number will be
negative. The square of the smaller
y2 = 8x number will be negative which is not
possible.
y2 = 8(18)
y2 = 144
y =  √144
y =  12  smaller number =  12  the numbers are 18 and 12 or 18 and -12.
9. A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would
have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Solution:
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr.
360
Time taken to cover 360km = hr
𝑥

According to the question,

360 360
= -1
𝑥+5 𝑥
360 360
- = -1
𝑥+5 𝑥

62
360 360
- = -1
𝑥+5 𝑥
1 1
360[ 𝑥+5 - 𝑥 ] = -1
𝑥−𝑥−5
360[ 𝑥 (𝑥+5)] = -1

−5
360[ 𝑥 (𝑥+5)] = -1
−1800
[ 𝑥 (𝑥+5)] = -1
1800
=1
𝑥 (𝑥+5)

1800 = x (x+ 5)
1800 = x2 + 5x
x2 + 5x – 1800 = 0
x2 + 45x – 40 x – 1800 = 0
x(x + 45) – 40(x + 45) = 0
(x + 45)(x – 40) = 0
x = 40 or -45 However, speed cannot be negative.  the speed of train is 40 km/h.
10. Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24m,
find the sides of the two squares.
Let the sides of the bigger square be x
and that of the smaller square be y.
Perimeter of bigger square = 4x
Perimeter of smaller square = 4y
4x – 4y = 24 x–y=6
(1)

x=y+6 Given sum of areas of two squares is 468 m2.

 x2 + y2 = 468 (2)
Substituting value of x from (1) into (2), we get
(y + 6)2 + y2 = 468
y2 + 12y + 36 + y2 = 468
2y2 + 12y - 432 = 0 y2 + 6y - 216 = 0 y2+ 18y – 12y – 216 = 0
y(y +18) -12(y + 18) = 0
(y + 18)(y – 12) = 0 y = -18 or y = 12 side of a square cannot be negative.
Hence, the sides of the squares are 12 m and (12 + 6) m = 18 m.

63
 UNIT 8: TRIGONOMETRY

Trigonometric ratios of angles

The values of the trigonometric ratios of an angle do not vary with the lengths of the sides
of the triangle, if the angle remains the same.
∴ The value of sin A or cos A never exceeds 1, whereas the value of sec A or cosec A is
always greater than or equal to 1
Trigonometric ratios of complementary angles:
The two angles are said to be complementary if their sum equals 90°.
The trigonometric ratios of complementary angles are as follows:
sin(90° - A) = cos A tan(90° - A) = cot A sec(90° - A) = cosec A
cos(90° - A) = sin A cot(90° - A) = tan A cosec(90° - A) = sec A

64
 Trigonometric identities
➢ sin2 A + cos2 A = 1 sec2 A =1 + tan2 A for 0° ≤ A ≤ 90°
cosec2 A = 1 + cot2 A for 0° < A ≤ 90°
Short Answer Type Question ( 1 Marks )
Question 1. If sin θ = 1/3, then find the value of (2 cot² θ + 2).

Question 2. If (1 + cos A) (1 – cos A) =3/4, find the value of sec A.

Question 3. If sec A = 15/7 and A + B = 90°, find the value of cosec B

Short Answer Type Question I [2 Marks]

Question 4. Write the values of sec 0°, sec 30°, sec 45°, sec 60° and sec 90°. What happens to sec θ
when θ increases from 0° to 90° ?

Question 5. In ΔPQR, right-angled at Q, PR + QR = 25 cm and PQ = 5 cm. Determine the values of

sin P, cos P and tan P.

Short Answer Type Questions II [3 Marks]

Question 6. Given tan A = 5/12 , find the other trigonometric ratios of the angle A.
Question 7. Evaluate the following:

(i) cosec^2 45° + tan^2 45° – 3sin^2 90°

(ii) cos 60° cos 30° – sin 60° sin 30°
Question 8. Prove that: (1 + cot A – cosec A) (1 + tan A + sec A) = 2.

Long Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]

Question 9. If sin (A + B) = 1 and tan (A – B) = 1/√3, find the value of:

tan A + cot B

sec A – cosec B

Question 10. Evaluate: 4/Cot² 30°+1/sin² 60°-cos² 45°

Question 11. Prove that: (cosec θ – sin θ). (sec θ – cos θ) =1/tan θ + cot θ

Question 12. Prove that: (sec θ + tan θ)² = cosec θ +1/cosec θ -1

65
Question 13. Prove that: sin θ (1 + tan θ) + cos θ (1 + cot θ) = sec θ + cosec θ

66
67
68
69
70
71
72
 Unit 9. SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

Question 1. If a man standing on a platform, 3 metres above the surface of a lake observes a
cloud and its reflection in the lake, then the angle of elevation of the cloud is equal to the
angle of depression of its reflection.

Question 2. Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole h m high is √3
h m long.

Question 3. The height of a tower is 12 m. What is the length of its shadow when 10 Sun’s
altitude is 45°?

Question 4. A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is tightly stretched and tied
from the top of a vertical pole to the ground. Find the height of the pole, if the angle made
by the rope with the ground level is 30° .

Question 5. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which
is 30 m away from the foot of the tower, is 30°. Find the height of the tower.

Question 6. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part of ends, so that the top of the
tree touches the ground making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the
tree to the point where the top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.

Question 7. The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points at a distance of 4
m and 9 m from the base of the tower and in the same straight line with it are
complementary. Prove that the height of the tower is 6 m.

Question 8. Determine the height of a mountain if the elevation of its top at an unknown
distance from the base is 30° and at a distance 10 km further off from the mountain, along
the same line, the angle of elevation is 15o. (Use tan 15° = 0.27)

Question 9. The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40 m longer

when the Sun’s altitude is 30° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.

Question 10. From a point P on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a 10m tall
building is 30°. A flag is hosted at the top of the building and the angle of elevation of the
top of the flagstaff from P is 45o. Find the length of the flagstaff and the distance of the
building from the point P. (You may take √3 = 1.732)

73
 Answers - Some applications of trigonometry
Question 1.
If a man standing on a platform, 3 metres above the surface of a lake observes a cloud and its reflection in
the lake, then the angle of elevation of the cloud is equal to the angle of depression of its reflection.

Solution: False, θ1 ≠ θ1 (Fig. 11.15)

Question 2. Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole h m high is √3 h m
long.
Solution:

In ∆ABC
θ = 30°

Question 3.
The height of a tower is 12 m. What is the length of its shadow when 10 Sun’s altitude is 45°?
Solution:

Let AB be the tower [Fig. 11.17].

Then, ∠C = 45°, AB = 12 m ∴ The length of the shadow is 12 m.

74
Question 4.
A circus artist is climbing a 20 m long rope, which is tightly stretched and tied from the top of a
vertical pole to the ground. Find the height of the pole, if the angle made by the rope with the
ground level is 30° [Fig. 11.18].
Solution: `Let AB be the vertical pole and AC be the long rope tied to point C.

In right ∆ABC, we have

Therefore, height of the pole is 10 m.

Short Answer Type 2
Question 1.
The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30 m away from
the foot of the tower, is 30°. Find the height of the tower.
Solution:
Let BC be the tower whose height is h metres and A be the point at a distance of 30 m from the
foot of the tower. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from point A is given to be 30°.
Now, in right angle ∆CBA we have,

Hence, the height of the tower is 10 √3 m.

Question 2.
A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends, so that the top of the tree touches the ground
making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the top
touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree.
Solution:
In right angle ∆ABC, AC is the broken part of the tree (Fig. 11.20).
So, the total height of tree = (AB + AC)

75
Now in right angle ∆ABC,

Question 3.
The angles of elevation of the top of a tower from two points at a distance of 4 m and 9 m from the
base of the tower and in the same straight line with it are complementary. Prove that the height of
the tower is 6 m.
Solution:

Let OA be the tower of height h metre and P, l be the two points at distance of 9 m and 4 m
respectively from the base of the tower.
Now, we have OP = 9 m, OQ = 4 m,
Let ∠APO = θ, ∠AQO = (90° – θ)
and OA = h metre (Fig. 11.21)
Now, in ∆POA, we have

Height cannot be negative. Hence, the height of the tower is 6 metre.

Question 4.
Determine the height of a mountain if the elevation of its top at an unknown distance from the base
is 30° and at a distance 10 km further off from the mountain, along the same line, the angle of
elevation is 15o. (Use tan 15° = 0.27)
Solution: Let AB be the mountain of height h kilometres. Let C be a point at a distance of x km,
from the base of the mountain such that the angle of elevation of the top at C is 30°. Let D be a
point at a distance of 10 km from C such that angle of elevation at D is of 15°.
In MBC (Fig. 11.22), we have

76
Substituting x = √3h in equation (i), we get
⇒ 0.27 ( √3h + 10) = h
= 0.27 × √3h + 0.27 × 10 = h
⇒ 2.7 = h – 0.27 × √3h
⇒ 27 = h (1 – 0.27 × √3)
⇒ 27 = h (1 – 0.46)
⇒ h = 2.70.54 = 5
Hence, the height of the mountain is 5 km.
Question 5.
The shadow of a tower standing on a level ground is found to be 40 m longer when the Sun’s
altitude is 30° than when it is 60°. Find the height of the tower.
Solution:
In Fig. 11.23, AB is the tower and BC is the length of the shadow when the Sun’s altitude is 60°,
i.e., the angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the tip of the shadow is 60° and DB is the
length of the shadow, when the angle of elevation is 30°.
Now, let AB be h m and BC be x m.
According to the question, DB is 40 m longer than BC.

So, BD = (40 + x) m
Now, we have two right triangles ABC and ABD.

Using (i) in (ii), we get (x √3 ) √3 = x + 40, i.e., 3x = x + 40

i.e., x = 20 So, h = 20 √3 [From (i)]
Therefore, the height of the tower is 20 √3 m.

77
Question 6.
From a point P on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a 10m tall building is 30°. A flag
is hosted at the top of the building and the angle of elevation of the top of the flagstaff from P is
45o. Find the length of the flagstaff and the distance of the building from the point P. (You may
take √3 = 1.732).
Solution:

In Fig. 11.24, AB denotes the height of the building, BD the flagstaff and P the given point. Note
that there are two right triangles PAB and PAD. We are required to find the length of the flagstaff,
i.e., BD and the distance of the building from the point P, i.e., PA.
Since, we know the height of the building AB, we will first consider the right ∆PAB.

i.e., x = 100(√3 – 1) = 7.32

So, the length of the flagstaff is 7.32 m.
Question 7.
A contractor plans to install two slides for the children to play in a park. For the children below the
age of 5 years, she prefers to have a slide whose top is at a height of 1.5 m, and is inclined at an
angle of 30° to the ground, whereas for elder children, she wants to have a steep slide at a height of
3 m, and inclined at an angle of 60° to the ground. What should be the length of the slide in each
case?
Solution:
Let AC be a steep slide for elder children and DE be a slide for younger children. Then AB = 3 m
and DB = 1.5 m (Fig. 11.25).
Now, in right angle ∆DBE, we have

78
So, the length of slide for elder children is 2 √3 m.
Question 8.
A kite is flying at a height of 60 m above the ground. The string attached to the kite is temporarily
tied to a point on the ground. The inclination of the string with the ground is 60°. Find the length of
the string, assuming that there is no slack in the string.
Solution:
Let AB be the horizontal ground and K be the position of the kite and its height from the ground is
60 m and let length of string AK be x m. (Fig. 11.26)
∠KAB = 60°
Now, in right angle ∆ABK we have

So, the length of string is 40 √3 m.

Question 9.
A 1.5 m tall boy is standing at some distance from a 30 m tall building. The angle of elevation from
his eyes to the top of the building increases from 30° to 60° as he walks towards the building. Find
the distance he walked towards the building.
Solution:
Let AB be the building and PQ be the initial position of the boy (Fig. 11.27) such that
∠APR = 30°
and AB = 30 m
Now, let the new position of the boy be P’Q’ at a distance QQ’.
Here, ∠AP’R = 60°
Now, in ∆ARP, we have

79
Therefore, required distance, QQ = PP’ = PR – P’R
= 28.5 √3 – 9.5 √3 = 19√3
Hence, distance walked by the boy is 19√3 m.
Question 10.
From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of the banks on opposite sides of
the river are 30° and 45° respectively. If the bridge is at a height of 3 m from the banks, find
the width of the river.
Solution:
In Fig. 11.28, A and B represent points on the bank on opposite sides of the river, so that AB is the
width of the river. P is a point on the bridge at a height of 3 m, i.e., DP = 3m. We are interested to
determine the width of the river, which is the length of the side AB of the ∆APB.
In right ∆ADP, ∠A = 30°

∴ DB = 3m
Now, AB = BD + AD = 3 + 3 √3 = 3 (1 + √3) m
Therefore, the width of the river is 3(√3 + 1) m.

80
 Unit 10:STATISTICS
I. ONE MARK QUESTIONS: ( MCQ)
1. In the following which is not a measure of central tendency?
a) Mode b) Range c) Median d) Mean
2. The relationship between the measures of central tendency
a) Median = Mode +2Mean b) Mode = 3Median -2Mean
b) 3 Median = 2Mode + 2 Mean d)Mode = 3Median + 2Mean
3. The x coordinate of the point of intersection of two ogives, which were drawn as ‘more than’
type and ‘less than’ type for same data, represents
a) Mean b) Median
b) Mode d) Cumulative Frequency
4. The mid point of the CI 10-25 is
a) 35 b) 15 c) 17.5 d) -7.5
5. Calculate mode if mean is 58 and median is 50
a) 34 b) 43 c) 108 d) 8
6. The point of intersection of two ogives, which were drawn as ‘more than’ type and ‘less than’
type for same data is (66.4, 26.5). The Median of the same data is
a) 26.5 b) 39.9 c) 66.4 d) 33.2
II. ONE MARK QUESTIONS: (VSA)
7. Calculate the median for the given scores 1,5, 4, 3,2.
8. What is the other name of cumulative frequency curve.
9. Write the formula to find mean for grouped data.
10. Calculate median for the given scores 2,8,10,6,12,16.

1)B 2)B 3)B 4)C 5)

Ans
∑𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑖 10)9
6) C 8)Ogive
̅=
9)𝑋
7) 3 ∑𝑥𝑖

III. 3 MARKS QUESTIONS: (LA-1)

11. Find the mean of the following data.

CI 10-25 25-40 40-55 55-70 70-85 85-100

F 2 3 7 6 6 6

81
 CI F x Fixi

10-25 2 17.5 35.0

25-40 3 32.5 97.5

40-55 7 47.5 332.5

55-70 6 62.5 375.0

70-85 6 77.5 465.0

85-100 6 92.5 555.0

∑fi=30 ∑fixi =1860.0

Solution:
∑𝑓𝑖𝑥𝑖
Mean 𝑥
̅=
∑𝑥𝑖
1860
Mean 𝑥
̅=
30

Mean 𝑥
̅= 62
12. Find the mean of the following data.

CI 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65 65-75

F 6 11 7 4 4 2

13. Find the mean of the following data.

CI 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50

F 3 5 9 5 3

14. Consider the following distribution of daily wages of 90 workers of a factory. Find the mean
for the given data.

Daily 300-350 350-400 400-450 450-500 500-550 550-600

wages(in rs)
No of 15 18 14 20 13 10
workers

82
15. The following table gives the literacy rate ( in percentage) of 35 cities, find the mean
literacy rate.

Literacy 45-55 55-65 65-75 75-85 85-95

rate in %
Number of 3 10 11 8 3
cities

MODE:
16. Find the mode of the following data.

CI 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65

F 6 11 21 23 14 5

SOLUTION:

CI F Maximum frequency = 23
Modal class = 35 – 45
5-15 6 Lower limit of modal class l= 35
Class size h = 10
15-25 11
Frequency of the Modal class f1= 23
25-35 21 Frequency of the class preceding the Modal class
f0= 21
35-45 23 Frequency of the class succeeding the Modal class
f2= 14
45-55 14

55-65 5 f1

N=80

𝑓1 −𝑓0
Mode= l +[ ]Xh
2𝑓1 −𝑓0 −𝑓2
23−21
Mode = 35 +[ ]
2𝑋23−21−14 X 10
2
Mode = 35 +[ ]
46−35 X 10
20
Mode = 35 +[ ]
11
Mode = 35+1.82
Mode = 36.82

83
 17. Find the mode of the following data.
CI 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80
F 7 12 13 14 20 15 11 8

18. Find the Mode of the following data

CI 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55

F 3 8 9 10 3 0 0 2

19. Find the Mode of the following data

CI 1-3 3-5 5-7 7-9 9-11

F 7 8 2 2 1

20. Find the Mode of the following data

CI 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120

F 10 35 52 61 38 29
MEDIAN:
21. Find the median of the following data.

CI 0-20 20-40 40-60 60-80 80-100 100-120 120-140

F 6 8 10 12 6 5 3

SOLUTION:
𝑛 50
Median = = 25
2 2

Median class=60-80
Lower limit of median class, l=60
𝑛 50
Number of observations, n=50 = = 25
2 2
Cumulative frequency of the class preceding the median class, cf = 24
Frequency of the median class, f = 12
Class Size, h = 20

84
 CI F CF 𝑛
−𝑐𝑓
2
Median = l + [ ]Xh
0-20 6 6 𝑓

20-40 8 14 25−24
Median = 60 + [ 12
] X 20
40-60 10 24 cf 1
Median = 60 + [ 3] X 5
60-80 12 36
5
80-100 6 42 Median = 60 +
3
100-120 5 47 Median = 60 +1.67

120-140 3 50 Median = 61.67

N=50

22. Find the median of the following data.

CI 5-15 15-25 25-35 35-45 45-55 55-65

F 6 11 21 23 14 5

23. Find the median of the following data.

CI 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65

F 14 16 18 23 18 8 3

24. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure of 200
families of a village. Find the median monthly expenditure of the famiies.

Expenditure 1000- 1500- 2000- 2500- 3000-3500 3500- 4000- 4500-

(in rs) 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000 4500 5000
Number of 24 40 33 28 30 22 16 7
families

25. Find the median of the following data

CI 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40

F 8 12 20 12 18 13 10 7

85
OGIVE GRAPH:
26. During the medical check-up of 35 students of a class, their weights are recorded as
follows:
Weight (in kg) Number of students

Less than 38 0

Less than 40 3

Less than 42 5

Less than 44 9

Less than 46 14

Less than 48 28

Less than 50 32

Less than 52 35
Draw a less than type ogive for the given data. Hence obtain the median weight
from the graph.
SOLUTION:

86
 27. Change the following distribution to a less than type distribution, and draw its ogive.

CI 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15

F 9 3 5 3 1
SOLUTION:
CI F Cumulative
frequency
Less than 3 9 9

Less than 6 3 12

Less than 9 5 17

Less than 12 3 20

Less than 15 1 21

28. Change the following distribution to a less than type distribution, and draw its ogive.
CI 100-120 120-140 140-160 160-180 180-200
F 12 14 8 6 10

87
 29. Change the following distribution to a more than type distribution, and draw its ogive.

CI 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15

F 9 3 5 3 1

SOLUTION:
CI F Cumulative
frequency
More than or 9 21
equal to 3
More than or 3 12
equal to 6
More than or 5 9
equal to 9
More than or 3 4
equal to12
More than or 1 1
equal to 15

30. Change the following distribution to a more than type distribution, and draw its ogive.

CI 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80

F 2 8 12 24 38 16

88
 UNIT 11: SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES
1 MARK QUESTIONS(VSQ):-
1.A cone is mounted on a hemisphere of radius r cm and height of the cone h cm. Then the volume
of the solid is

4 1 1
𝑎) (3 𝜋𝑟 3 + 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ) 𝑐. 𝑐. 𝑏) (3 𝜋𝑟 3 + 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ) 𝑐. 𝑐.
3 2 2 1
𝑐) (4 𝜋𝑟 3 + 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ) 𝑐. 𝑐. 𝑑) (3 𝜋𝑟 3 + 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ) 𝑐. 𝑐.
2 1
Ans : 𝑑) (3 𝜋𝑟 3 + 3 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ) 𝑐. 𝑐.

2.If the area of the circular base of a cylinder is 22 cm2 and its height is 10 cm , then the volume of
the cylinder is
a.)2200 cm2 b.)2200 cm3 c.)220 cm3 d.)220 cm2
Ans : d.)220 cm2
3.Write the formula to find the total surface area of a frustum of a cone.
Ans : 𝜋(r1 +r2 ) l + 𝜋r12 + 𝜋r22 sq.units
4.Write the formula to find the curved surface area of a frustum of a cone.
Ans : 𝜋(r1 +r2 ) l sq.units
5.Write the formula to find the total surface area of the cone whose raidus is r cm and slant height is
l cm.
Ans : 𝜋𝑟(𝑟 + 𝑙) sq.units
6.Write the formula to calculate the surface area of sphere.
Ans : 4 𝜋r2 sq.units
7.LSA of a cylinder whose circumference is 44 cm and height is 10 cm is
a.)120 cm2 b.)440 cm2 c.)110 cm2 d.)220 cm2
Ans : b.)440 cm2
8.Write the mathematical relation between slant height(l) , height(h) and radius(r) of a cone.

Ans : l = √ℎ2 + 𝑟 2

89
 4
9. Write the formula to find the volume of a solid sphere. Ans : 3 𝜋𝑟 3 cubic units
10.Write the formula to find the total surface area of a right cylinder.
Ans : 2𝜋r(r+h) sq.units
11.Find the surface area of sphere if the radius is 7cm.

12.The base radius and height of a right circular cylinder and a right circular cone are equal and if
the volume of the cylinder is 360 cm3 , then find the volume of a cone.
1
Soln : Volume of right circular cone=3 x 360 =120 cm3

3 MARK QUESTIONS(LQ):-
1.The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4cm and perimeters of its circular bases are 18cm and
6cm, find the curved surface area of the frustum of a cone.

Soln :let the slant height of the frustum be l and radii of the both ends of the frustum
be r1 and r2.
Given l = 4cm

perimeter of one end of frustum which is circular in shape is

2πr1 = 18cm
r = 9/πcm and the perimeter of the others end of frustum which is also in circular in
shape 2πr2

r2 = 3/πcm

CSA of the frustum

Using formula
π( r1+r2)l
π( 9/π+3/π)×4
12×4 = 48cm2

90
2.The circumference of the base of a cylinder is 132cm and its height is 25cm. Find the volume of
the cylinder.

Soln : Let the base radius of a cylinder = r cm

height (h)= 25cm

i) Circumference of the base of a cylinder (C) = 132 cm [given]
=> 2πr = 132

ii ) Volume of the cylinder (V)

=
=
=
Therefore,
volume of the cylinder (V) = 34650 cm³

3.A cone is having its base radius 12cm and height 20cm. If the top of this cone is cut to form a
small cone of base radius 3cm is removed , then the remaining part of the solid cone becomes a
frustum. Calculate the volume of the frustum.

91
4.A milk tank is in the shape of a cylinder with hemispheres of same radii attached to both ends of
it as shown in figure. If the total height of the tank is 6m and radius is 1m . Calculate the maximum
22
quantity of milk filled in the tank in litres.(𝜋 = 7 )

Given :
Radius of the cylinder = Radius of the hemisphere = 1 metre
Total height of the tank = 6 metres
• Now,from the basic concept of geometry,the height of the hemisphere will be equal to
the radius of the hemisphere which is 1 metre.
• So,the height of cylinder
= Total height - Hemisphere's height
= 6-1
= 5 metres

92
• Now,the volume of the hemisphere
= ⅔ × π × (1)³

= 2π/3 m³

• Now,the volume of the cylinder

= π×(1)²×5

= 5π m³

• Total volume of the tank

= 2π/3 + 5π

= 17π/3

= 17 × π × 1/3

= 17×22/7×1/3

= 17.8 m³ (approx.)

• So,the total milk storing capacity of the tank is

= 17800 litres (answer)

[1 m³=1000 litres]

• The curved surface area of the hemisphere

= 2×π×(1)²

= 44/7

= 6.28 m²

• The curved surface area of the cylinder

= 2×π×1×5

= 220/7
= 31.42 m²

• The base area of the tank

= π×(1)²

= 22/7

= 3.14 m²

So,the total surface area of the tank

= 6.28+31.42+3.14

93
= 40.84 m² (answer)

5.A metallic sphere of radius 9cm is melted and recast into the shape of a cylinder of radius 6cm.
Find the height of the cylinder.

Soln : Radius of sphere = 9cm

volume of sphere = 4/3πr³

=4/3×22/7×9×9×9

= 3054.85cm³

Radius of cylinder = 6cm

volume of cylinder = volume of sphere

πr²h = 3054.85

π × 6×6 × h = 3954.85

πh = 3954.85/36

πh = 84.85

h = 84.85 × 7/22

h = 26.9cm

6.The faces of two cubes of volume 64cm3 each joined together to form a cuboid . Find the total
surface area of the cuboid.
Soln : Given, volume of each cube is 64 cm³
⇒s³=64
⇒s=∛64
⇒s=4 cm.
When two cubes are joined ,
the length of the resulting cuboid(l) = side + side = 4+4 = 8 cm
its breadth(b) = side = 4cm
And its height(h) = side = 4cm
Total surface area of a cuboid = 2(lb+bh+hl)
⇒TSA=2[(8)(4)+(4)(4)+(4)(8)]
⇒TSA=2(32+16+32)
⇒TSA = 2(80)
⇒TSA = 160 cm²
∴ The surface area of the resulting cuboid is 160 cm²
7.The radii of two circular ends of a frustum of a cone shaped dustbin are 15cm and 8cm. If its
depth is 63cm , find the volume of the dustbin.
Soln : Volume of frustum=1/3π(r12+r22+r1×r2)h
r1=15

94
r2=8
h=63
So,
=1/3×22/7(225+64+120) ×63
=1/3×22/7×409×63
=66×409
=26994 cm3
8.A 20 meter deep well with diameter 7 meter is dug and the earth from digging is evenly spread
out to form a platform 22m x 14m. Find the height of the platform.
Soln : Diameter of the well = 7 m
Radius of the well = 7/2 m
Depth of the well = 20 m

Volume of the mud dug from the well = πr2h

= 22/7 × 7/2 × 7/2 × 20
= 770 m3
Area of the rectangular plot where the mud is spread = 22 × 14
Let the height of the plot form be h metres.

Volume of the plot form = Volume of the mud taken from the well
22 × 14 × h = 770
h = 770 / (22×14)
h = 2.5 m
4 MARK QUESTIONS(VLQ):-
1.A container opened from the top is in the form of frustum of a cone of height 16cm with radii of
its lower and upper ends are 8cm and 20cm respectively. Find the cost of the milk which can
completely fill the container at the rate of Rs.20 per litre.(use 𝜋 = 3.14)

Soln :

Now, the volume of the frustum is :

= Capacity of the container.

95
Now, the cost of 1-litre milk is Rs. 20.

Then the cost of 10.449-litre milk will be

The metal sheet required for the container is :

Thus cost for metal sheet is

2.A medicine capsule is in the shape of a cylinder with hemispheres stuck to each of its ends. The
length of the entire capsule is 14mm and the diameter of the capsule is 5mm. Find its surface area.

96
3. A right circular cone of height 30cm is cut and removed by a plane parallel to its base from the
1
vertex. If the volume of smaller cone obtained is 27 of the volume of the given cone, calculate
the height of the remaining part of the cone.

Let the Height and Radius of the Big cone be H cm and R cm

And of small cone be h cm and r cm
Let the volume of the big cone be V and of small cone be v
The cone is cut from the big cone then , they both cones would be similar to each other and
according to the property of the similarity ,
H/R = h/r
⇒ h= Hr/R
⇒ h = 30 r/R ...............................eqn 1

97
Volume of the cone = 1/3 πr²h
v/V = r²h/R²H = 1/27
⇒ r²h = 30 R²/27
⇒ h=10 R²/9 r² ........................... eqn 2
On substituting the value of the h from eqn 1 in eqn 2 we get : -
30r/R = 10R²/9r²
⇒ r³/R³ = 1/27
⇒ r/R = 1/3
Substituting this ratio in eqn 1 we get :-
h = 30 × 1/ 3
⇒ h = 10 cm Hence, Height of the small(cut) cone is 10 cm
And the Height of the Frustum is 30-10 = 20 cm
4. The bottom of a right cylindrical shaped vessel made from metallic sheet is closed by a cone
shaped vessel as shown in the figure. The radius of the circular base of the cylinder and radius of
the circular base of the cone are each is equal to 7 cm. If the height of the cylinder is 20 cm
andheight of cone is 3 cm, calculate the cost of milk to fill completely this vessel at the rate of Rs.

20 per litre.
Volume of cylinder-Volume of cone= T .volume.
=

Volume =2618cm3
1000cm3 = 1 litre
Therefore Volume in litres is 2.618 litres
Cost = 2.168 ×20 =Rs.43.36

5. A hemispherical vessel of radius 14 cm is fully filled with sand. This sand is poured on a level
ground. The heap of sand forms a cone shape of height 7 cm. Calculate the area of ground occupied
by the circular base of the heap of the sand.
Let the Area occupied by the conical vessel = πr² = A
volume of the hemispherical vessel = 2πr³/3
= 2/3 x 22/7 x 14 x 14 x 14
= 17248/3 cm³
Volume of the
volume of the conical heap = πr²h/3 = Ah/3

98
= A x 7/3
equating both the volumes we get
7A/3 = 17248/3
=> A = 2464 cm²
Hence the ground occupied by the conical heap will be 2464 cm²

6. A solid is in the form of a cone mounted on a right circular cylinder, both having same radii as
shown in the figure. The radius of the base and height of the cone are 7 cm and 9 cm respectively. If
the total height of the solid is 30 cm, find the volume of the solid.

Volume of the solid=Volume of cone+Volume of cylinder

Volume of cone=1/3πr^2h
=1/3x22/7x7x7x9
=462cm3
Height of cylinder=Total height of solid-height of cone
=30-9
=21cm
Volume of cylinder=πr2h
=22/7x7x7x21
=3234cm^3
Therefore, Volume of solid=462+3234
=3696cm3
7. A toy is in the form of a cone mounted on a hemisphere as shown in the figure. If the radius of
7
each of these solids is 2 cm and height of the cone is 5 cm, find the volume of the toy.

Hemisphere of diameter 7 cm

Radius is

Height of the toy= 14.5

Height of the cone= 14.5 - 3.5=11cm

99
Height of the hemisphere=3.5cm

According to question,

Volume of the toy = V(cone)+ V(hemisphere)

The volume of the toy is 231 cm cube.

Total surface of the toy = TSA(cone)+ TSA(hemisphere)

Total surface area of the toy is 203.5 cm square.

8. A solid is composed of a cylinder with a hemisphere at one end and a cone at other end as shown
in the figure. If the radius of each of these solids is 7 cm and height of the cylinder is equal to slant
height of the cone, find the total surface area of the solid if slant height is 4 cm.

Radius of cone ,r =7cm

Height of cylinder ,H = 4cm

Slant height of cone ,l = 4cm

100
Radius of cylinder ,r = 7cm

T.S.A of the figure

= C.S.A of Cone+C.S.A of cylinder +C.S.A of hemisphere.

Therefore, T.S.A of the figure is 572 cm²

Class X : 2020 -2021 Model Paper – 1

Subject: MATHEMATICS Subject code: 81 E
Time: 3 hrs, 15 min. Max. Marks: 80
I. Four choices are given for each of incomplete \statement \ questions. Choose the correct
answer and write the complete answer along with its letter of Alphabet:
8×1 = 8
1. If a pair of linear equations is consistent , then the line will be
a. Parallel b. always coincident c. intersecting or coincident d. always intersecting
2. If the nth term of an A.P is 4n + 1, then the common difference is
a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 6
3. The quadratic equation x2 + x - 5 =0 has
a. Two distinct real roots b. Two equal real roots
c. No real roots d. More than two real roots
4. If cos A =4/5, then the value of tan A is
a. 3/5 b. 3/4 c. 4/3 d. 5/3
5. The value of sin A or Cos A never exceeds
a. 1 b. 2 c. 0 d. None of these
6. Pair of equations 2x +3y - 9 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 18 = 0 has
a. No solutions b. Unique solution
c. Only two solution d. Infinitely many solution

101
 7. The Mid value of class interval is called as
a. Mid-point b. Mode c. Mean d. Class mark
8. Which of the following statement is false?
a. all isosceles triangles are similar b. all quadrilaterals are similar
c. all circles are similar d. none of the above

II. Answer the following questions in a sentence each: 8×1=8

9. In equation x2 + 1 = 101. Find the value of x?
10. Find the distance of point P (3.4) from x – axis?
11. If a circle can be inscribed in a parallelogram, how will the parallelogram change?
12. What is the volume of a right circular cylinder of base radius 7 cm and height 10 cm?
[Use  = 22/7]

13. A sharpened pencil is a combination of two shapes, Name them.

14. What is the total surface area of a solid hemisphere having radius “r”?
15. In an A.P If an = 5n – 24. Then find the 5th term?
16. In the adjoining figure, the positions of observer and object are marked. What is the angle
of depression?

O (observer)

P(object) 300 Horizontal

III. Answer the following: 8 × 2 = 16
17. Solve the following equation by elimination method.
2x – y = 2
x + 3y = 15
18. Find 12th term of A.P 3, 15, 27, 39, ……… Using the formula.
19. Find the sum of sixteen terms of an A.P -1, -5, -9, ……….
20. Find the nature of roots of the quadratic equation 2x 2 – 4x + 3 = 0
21. Solve : 6x2 – x – 2 = 0 by factorization OR
Find the value of ‘k’ for which the roots of the quadratic equation 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0 will have
the real roots?
22. Draw a line segment of length 6 cm and divide it in the ration 3 : 7
23. Find the distance between the points A ( 2,6 ) and B ( 4,6 ) using distance formula
OR
Find the perimeter of a triangle with vertices ( 0,4 ) ( 0,0 ) and ( 3, 0 )
24. A ladder 15 m long leans against a wall making an angle of 600 with the wall. Find the
height of the point where the ladder touches the wall.
A

( ladder) 600

102
 15 m h (Wall)

C B
IV. Answer the following questions: 9×3=2
25. Asha is 5 times as old as her daughter Usha, 5 years later Asha will be 3 times as old as her
daughter Usha. Find the present age of Asha and Usha. OR
Find the two consecutive positive integers whose sum of their square is 395.
26. Prove that sin  - cos  +1 = 1
sin  + cos  - 1 sec  - tan 
OR
Prove that ( 1 + cot  - cosec ) ( 1 + tan  + sec  ) = 2
27. A 7 cm long flag staff is fixed on the top of a tower standing on the horizontal plane. From
point on the ground, the angles of elevation of the top and bottom of the flag staff are 600
and 450 respectively. Find the height of the tower correct to one place of decimal
(use 3 = 1.73 )
A
7m
x
450 600
C y D
28. If the vertices of a  ABC are A ( 5, -1 ) B ( -3, -2 ) C ( -1, 8 ) . Find the length of Median
through A.
A (5, -1)

C (-1, 8)
(-3, -2)B
D
29. Calculate the mean of the following frequency distribution:
Class 10-30 30-50 50-70 70-90 90-110
Frequency 15 18 25 10 2

OR A group of students conducted a survey of their locality to collect the data regarding number
of plants and recorded it in the following table.
No. of plants 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15
No. of Houses 2 4 5 1 2
Find the Mode for the above data.
30. Prove that “length of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal”.
31. Find the volume of the largest solid right circular cone that can be cut out off a solid cube
of side 14 cm. OR
A vessel is in the shape of a frustum of a cone. The radii of its circular bases are 28 cm and
7 cm and the height of the vessel is 45 cm. Find the volume of the vessel.

103
 32. Change the following distribution to a more than type distribution and draw its ogive.
C.I. 0-3 3–6 6–9 9 -12 12 -15
Frequency 9 3 5 3 1
33. Draw a line of radius 3 cm from a point 7 cm away from its Centre. Construct a pair of
tangents to the circle and measure their lengths.
V. Answer the following questions: 4 x 4 = 16
34. solve the pair of equations graphically : x + y = 3 and 3x – 2y = 4
35. The sum of first 20 terms of an A.P is 400 and sum of first 40 terms is 1600. Find the sum
of its first 10 terms? OR
If 10 times the 10th term of an A.P is equal to 15 times the 15th term. Find the 25th term?
36. A toy is in the form of a cylinder of diameter 2 2m and height 3.5 m
surmounted by a cone whose vertical angle is 900.Find the total surface area of the toy.

37. Construct a triangle with sides 5 cm, 6 cm, and 7 cm and then another triangle whose sides
are 7/5 of the corresponding sides of the first triangle.
VI. Answer the question: 1x5=5
38. State and prove “Pythagoras theorem “
X Std - MODEL QUESTION PAPER -2
MARCH 20-21
Subject: Mathematics Max Marks: 80
Time: 3.15min (No. of Questions: 38)
I. Four choices are given for each of incomplete? Statement / question .
Choose the correct answer and write the complete answer along with
its letter of alphabet. 1x 8=8
1. The pair of equations 𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5𝑥 + 10𝑦 = −1 has solutions.
A) One B) Two C) Infinite D) No solutions
th rd
2. If the n term of an AP is an = 5n+3, 3 term is……..
A) 11 B)12 C)13 D)18
2
3. The value of K for which the equation x −4𝑥 + 𝐾 = 0 has equal roots.
A) 2 B)-2 C)4 D)-4
4. If sin𝜃= cos𝜃, value of 𝜃 is ……..
A) 00 B)300 C)450 D) 900
5. The distance between the points P(2,3) and Q(4,1) is ……..
A) 2√3 units B) 2√2𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑠C) 2 units D) None of these
6. In the given fig, if TP and TQ are the two tangents to a circle with centre O, so that
⦞POQ=1100, then ⦞PTQ is equal to …….
A) 600 B) 700 C) 800 D)900

104
 7. Find CSA of cylinder whose circumference is 44cm and height is 10cm.
A) 440 cm2 B) 444cm2 C) 408cm2 D) 407cm2
8. The corresponding sides of two similar triangles are in the ratio 1:4, the ratios of their areas
are ……….
A) 1:16 B) 1:2 C) 1:4 D) 8:1

II . Answer the following questions 8x1=8

9. Write the standard form of linear equation in two variables x and y.
10. Write the Nature of the Quadratic equation ax2+𝑏𝑥 + 𝑥 = 0, if
1) b2-4ac=0 2) b2-4ac>0
tan 26°
11. Evaluate P
𝑐𝑜𝑡64°
12. In the given figure, find tan P – cot R 12cm

Q 13cm R
13. Find the distance between the points A (8,-3) and B(0,9) by using distance formula .
14. Find the mode 4,1,3,5,3,2,3
15. . Write the formula to find the total surface area of a frustum of a cone
16. In the given figure, DE II BC. If AD = 3cm, DB = 4cm, and AE = 6cm, then, find EC.

III. Answer the following questions 2x8=16

17. How many two digit numbers are divisible by 3 ?
18. Find the 30th term of the Arithmetic progression 10,7,4……….. OR
The 10th term of an AP is 31 and 20th term is 71. Find the 30th term
19.Solve: 3x+4y =10
2x-2y =2
20. Solve by using x2-7x+12=0
21. Find the value of K for which the Quadratic equation kx(x-2)+6 =0 OR
Find the discriminant of the equation 2x2-6x+3=0 and hence write the nature of the roots.
22. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (2,3), (-1,0), (2,-4)
23. Divide a line segment of 7cm length in the ratio 3:5 by geometrical construction.

105
 24. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground, which is 30m away
from the foot of the tower is 300. Find the height of the tower.

IV. Answer the following questions: 3x9=27

25. Rohan’s mother is 26 years older than him. The product of their ages 3 years from
now will be 360. Formulate the quadratic equation to find their ages and find the mothers’
present age.
OR
A train travels a distance of 480km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 8 km/h less,
then it would have taken 3 hours more to cover the same distance, Find the speed
of the train.
1+𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴
26. Prove that = OR
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴
1
Prove that (cosecA − sin 𝐴) (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴+𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴

27. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the
ground making an angle 300 with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point
where the top touches the ground is 8m. Find the height of the tree.
28. If Q(0,1) is equidistant from P(5,-3) and R(x,6), find the value of x. Also find the distance
QR and PR.
29. Find the mean by Direct method of the following data
CI 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60
Frequency 7 5 6 12 8 2
OR
Calculate Mode for the following
CI 0-10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40-50
Frequency 8 12 10 11 9

30. The following table gives the production yield per hectare of wheat of 100 farms of a village.
Draw more than type Ogive.

Yield productivity 20-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 60-70 70-80 80-90

Number of farms 10 8 12 24 6 25 15
31. Prove that “ The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point
of contact.

32. Draw a circle of radius 6cm. From a point 10cm away from its centre, construct the pair of tangents to
the circle and measure their lengths.

33. A metallic sphere of radius 4.2cm is melted and recast into the shape of a cylinder of radius
6cm. Find the height of the cylinder OR
A tent is in the shape of a cylinder surmounted by a conical top. IF the height and diameter of
the Cylindrical part are 2.1m and 4m respectively, and the slant height 0f the top is 2.8m. Find the
area of the canvas used for making the tent. Also, find the cost of the canvas of the tent at the rate
22
of Rs 500 per m2 (Note: base of the tent is not covered with canvas, use = 7 )

106
IV. Solve: 4x4=16
34. Solve Graphically: 2x+y = 5
x+y = 4

35. The sum of 4th and 8th terms of AP is 24 and the sum of the 6th and 10th terms is 44. Find the
first three terms of the AP. OR
Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose second and third terms are 14 and 18
respectively.

36. Draw a ∆ PQR with QR = 6cm, PQ = 4cm and ⦞PQR =600. Then construct a triangle whose
4
Similar are of the corresponding sides of ∆ PQR.
3

37. A pen stand made of wood is in the shape of a cuboid with four conical depressions to hold
pens. The dimensions of the cuboids are 15cm by 10cm by 3,5cm. The radius of each pf the
depressions is 0.5 cm and the depthis 1.4 cm. Find the volume of wood in the entire stand
22
(see the fig) [use𝜋 = 7 ]

V. Answer the following questions 1x5=5

38. State and prove Thales theorem.
2020 – 2021 Model Paper – 1
KEY ANSWERS
Subject: - MATHEMATICS Subject Code: 81E
Time: 3 hrs.15 min Max. Marks: 80
I Four Choices are given for each of incomplete / Statement / Questions. Choose
the correct answer and write the complete answer along with its letter of
Alphabet 8 x 1= 8

1. Condition for a consistent pair of linear equations:

a1 b1
≠ [ Intersecting lines ]
a2 b2

a1 b1 c1
= = [Coincident lines]
a2 b2 c2

Therefore (C) option correct

107
2. an = 4n+1
a1 = 4 ( 1 ) +1 = 5
a2 = 4 ( 2) +1 =9 common difference d = a2 - a1 = 9 – 5 = 4
Therefore (b) option is correct
3. x2 + x - 5 = 0
a =1, b =1, c = - 5
D = b2 – 4 ac
(1)2 - 4 x 1 x (- 5) = 21 therefore D˃0
Therefore it has two distant real roots ( a) option is correct
4. We have Cos A = 4 / 5 we know that Cos A = base / hypotenuse = 4 / 5

Perpendicular = √52 − 42 = √25 − 16 = 3 now Tan A = perpendicular / Base= 3 / 4

Therefore option (b) is correct.
5. ‘1’ Therefore option (a) is correct
6. 2x + 3y - 9 = 0 --1
4x + 6y - 18 = 0 --2 a1 = 2, b1 =3 , c1 = -9 a2 = 4 , b2 = 6 , c2 = -18
a1 / a2 = b1 / b2 = c1 / c2 = 2 /4 = 3 /6 = -9 / -18 = 1 / 2 = 1 / 2 = 1 / 2
Therefore infinitely many solution ( d) option correct.
7. class mark Therefore ( d) option is correct
8. Isosceles triangle is a triangle in which two side of equal length thus two isosceles triangular
may not be similar. Hence statement given option (a) is false
Therefore option (a) is correct.
II. Answer the following questions in a sentence each: 8 x1=8
9. x2 + 1 = 101
X2 = 101 – 1
X2 = 100

X = √100
X = ± 10
10. Point P ( 3,4) is 4 units from the x- axis and 3 units from the y-axis
Thus 4 unit is correct.
11. It changes into a rectangle or a square.
12. r = 7 cms , h = 10 cms volume of a cylinder

108
 = π ɤ2 h = -22 x ( 7) ² x 10 = 1540 Cm³
7
13. 1. Cylinder
2. Cone
14. Ʒπɤ²
15. a5 = 5n – 24
5 ( 5) -24
25 – 24 = 1 a5 = 1

16. 30 0

III Answer the following: 8 x 2 = 16

17. 2x – y = 2 ------1
X + 3y = 15 ------2 x 2
= 2x + 6y = 30-------3 substitute “ y” value in equation ----1
2x – y = 2 from equation 1 &3 2x – y = 2
2x +6y = 30 2x – 4 = 2
-7y = -28 2x = 2 + 4
Y=4 x = 6 /2 = 3
Therefore x = 3 and y = 4

18. an = a + ( n – 1 ) d a = 3 , d = 15 – 3 = 12
a12 = 3 + ( 12 – 1 ) 12
= 3 + ( 11) ( 12)
= 3 + 132 = a12 = 135

19. a1 = - 1 , a2 = - 5 , d = - 5
Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + ( n – 1 ) d]
S16 = 16 / 2 [ 2 x ( -1) + ( 16 – 1) – 4 ]
= 8 [ - 2 – 60 ] = 8 ( - 62) = - 496
20. 2x2 – 4x + 3 = 0 a=2,b=-4,c=3
D = b2 – 4 ac
( -4)2 – 4 ( 2) x ( 3)
D=-8<0 Therefore given equation has no real roots
21. 6x2 –x - 2 = 0 12
6x2 + 3x – 4x – 2 = 0 -4 +3
3x ( 2x + 1 ) – 2 ( 2x + 1 ) = 0 OR 2x2 + kx + 8 = 0 a =2, b = k , c = 8
2x +1 = 0 , 3x - 2 = 0 D = 0 ( for two equal real roots )
X = - 1 /2 , 2 / 3 D = b2 – 4ac
K2 – 4 x 2 x 8 = 0
K2 = 64

109
 K = ± √ 64
k = ±8

22. 6 Cms C
A B
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
A9
A10 X
23. d = √ (x1 - x2 )2 + (y1 – y 2 )2 (2,6) (4,6)
= √ (2 – 4 ) + ( 6 – 6 ) X 1 , y1 x2 , y2

= √(- 2)2 + 0 √4 = 2 Therefore d = 2

OR
We have A (0,4) B ( 0,0) C ( 3,0) AB = √ (0 -2)2 + ( 0, 4)2 [ d = √ (x1 – x2 )2 + ( y1 – y2)2 ]
√ 16 = 4
BC = √ (3 – 0 )2 + ( 0 –0)2 = √ 9 =3
CA = √ (0 – 3)2 + ( 4 – 0 )2 = √ 9 + 16 = √ 25 = 5
Thus, perimeter of triangle is 4 + 3 +5 = 12
24. Let the height of the wall be ‘h’ as per given in the figure is h / 15 = cos 60ᴼ
h = 15 x cos 60ᴼ = 15 x 1 / 2 = 7.5 m

IV Answer the following : 9 x 3 = 27

25. Let the age of Asha be ‘x’ years
Let the age of usha be ‘y’ years
ATQ: x = 5y
x – 5y = 0 ------(1)

110
5years later
(x + 5) = 3 ( y + 5)
X +5 = 3 y + 15
X – 3y = 15 – 5
X – 3y = 10 ----(2)
Substitute x = 5y in equation ---(2)
5y – 3y = 10
2y = 10
Y = 10 = 5 y=5
2
X = 5y therefore x = 5 x 5 = 25 x = 25
present age of Asha is 25 years Usha is 5 years
OR
Let the two consecutive positive integers ( x) and ( x + 1)
Sum of their squares = 365
(x)2 + ( x + 1 )2 = 365
2x2 + 2x + 1 – 365 = 0
2x2 + 2x + 364 = 0 ÷2
X2 + x – 182 = 0
X2 + 14x – 13 x – 182 = 0
X2 + 14 x – 13 x – 182 = 0
X ( x + 14 ) – 13 ( x + 14 ) = 0
(x + 14 ) ( x – 13 ) = 0
X + 14 = 0 x – 13 = 0
X = - 14 x = 13
Therefore x = 13 is one positive integer and x + 1 = 13 + 1 = 14 is another consecutive positive
integer
26. LHS Sinɵ - Cosɵ +1
Sinɵ + Cosɵ - 1
Sinɵ - Cosɵ +1 × 1 + Sinɵ
Sinɵ + Cosɵ - 1 1 + Sinɵ
( Sinɵ - Cosɵ +1 ) ( 1 + Sinɵ )

111
Sinɵ + Cosɵ - 1 + Sin 2ɵ + Cosɵ . Sinɵ - Sinɵ
( Sinɵ - Cosɵ +1 ) (1 + Sinɵ )
-1 + Cosɵ + (1 – Cos2ɵ) + Sinɵ . + Cosɵ
(Sinɵ - Cosɵ +1 ) (1 + Sinɵ )
Cosɵ ( 1 - Cosɵ + Sinɵ )
1 + Sinɵ = 1 + Sinɵ = Secɵ + tan ɵ
Cosɵ Cosɵ Cosɵ
( Secɵ2 - tan ɵ 2) x 1 = RHS
(Secɵ - tan ɵ ) Secɵ - tan ɵ OR
LHS = ( 1 + Cot ɵ - Cosecɵ ) ( 1 + tanɵ + Secɵ )
= ( 1 + Cosɵ - 1 ) ( 1 + Sinɵ + 1 )
Sinɵ Sinɵ Cosɵ Cosɵ
[ Sinɵ + Cosɵ - 1] [ Cosɵ + Sinɵ + 1]
Sinɵ Cosɵ
(Sinɵ + Cosɵ )2 - ( 1) 2
Sinɵ . Cosɵ
Sin2ɵ + Cos2ɵ + 2 Sinɵ . Cosɵ - 1
Sinɵ . Cosɵ = 1 + 2 Sinɵ . Cosɵ -1 = 2 RHS
Sinɵ . Cosɵ
27. x = tan 45ᴼ = 1 x = y
y
tan 60ᴼ = √3

7 = ( √3 – 1) x

x = 7 ( √3 + 1)
2
x = 7.273 = 9.6 m
2
28. let AD be the median as per question
Since ‘D’ is Mid-point of BC Co- Ordinates of D,
( x2, y2 ) = [ - 3 -1 , -2 + 8 ]
2 , 2
= ( -2, 3)

AD = √(5+2 )2 + (- 1 – 3 )2

112
 = √(7 )2 + (4 )2

= √(49 + 16)

= √ 65
Therefore Length of Median is √ 65 units
21.
C.I f x fx
10 – 30 15 20 300
30 – 50 18 35 630
50 – 70 25 60 1500
70 - 90 10 80 800
90-110 2 100 200

f = 70
∑ f x = 3430
Mean X = ∑f1 x1 = 3430 = 49
∑ f1 70
OR
Class 6 - 9 has the maximum frequency 5, therefore this is model class
Now l1 = 6 , f1 = 5 , f0 = 4 , f2= 1 , h = 3
Mode M = l + [f1 – f0 ] h
[ 2f1 – f0 – f2]
=6+[5–4] x3
[10 – 4 – 1] = 6+1/5x3 = M = 6 + 0.6 = 6.6
30. P
B
A

Data : A is Centre of the circle, B is an external point. BP and BQ are two tangents
AP, AQ and AB are joined
TPT: 1. BP = BQ .
2. PAB = QAB
3. PBA = QBA
Proof : In triangle APB and Triangle AQB AP – AR ( Radius of same circle )
113
 APB = QBA = 90ᴼ
AP = AB ( common side)
Therefore triangle AP congruent triangle AQB ( RHS)
Therefore the above all 3 is proved
1. BP = BQ .
2. PAB = QAB
3. PBA = QAB

31, The base of Cone is the largest circle that can be Inscribed in the face of the cube
And the height will be equal to edge of the cube.
Radius of cone = r = 14 /2 = 7cheight of the cone = h = 14 cm Volume of cone = V = 1 /3
ᴫr h = 1/ 3 x 22 / 7 x 7 x 7 x 14 = 2156 / 3 = 718.67
2

OR
h = 45 cm , r = 7cm , R = 28 cm
Volume (V) = 1 / 3 ᴫh ( r2 + R2 +R.r )
= 1 / 3 x 22 / 7 x 45 ( 49 + 784 + 196)
= 22 / 7 x 15 x 1029 = 48510cm3

32.
C.I
More than or equal to 0
More than or Equal to 3
More than or Equal to 6
More than or equal to 9
More than or equal to 12
f cf
9 21
3 12
5 9
3 4
1 1

114
33. r = 3cm , Op = 7cm
Tangent PQ = PR = 6.3 cm

V Answer the following : 4 x 4 = 16

34. x+y=3 3x – 2y = 4 x 0 1 -1 2
y 3 2 4 1
y=3–x - 2 y = 4 – 3x
y = 3x – 4 x 0 1 -1 2
2 y 3 2 4 1

115
35. Let the first term be ‘ a’ , c.d = d , nth term = an Sum = Sn
Sn = n / 2 [ 2a + ( n – 1 ) d]
= S20 = 20 / 2 ( 2a + 19 d )
400 = 10 ( 2a + 19 d )
29 + 19 d = 40 -----1
Also S40 = 40 / 2 ( 20 + 39 d )
2a + 39 d = 80 -----2
From 1, 2 a=1,d=2
S10 = 10 / 2 [ 2 x 1 + ( 10 – 1 ) 2 ]
=5(2+9x2)
= 5 x 20 = 100
OR
In an AP
10 x a10= 15 x a15 ( given)
10 [ a + ( 10 – 1 ) d ] = 15 [ a + ( 15 – 1 ) d]
Therefore[ an = a + ( n – 1 ) d]
10 ( a + 9d ) = 15 ( a + 14d)
10a + 90d = 15 a + 210d
10a – 15a = 210d – 90d
-5a = 120d
a= -120d / 5

116
a= - 24d -----1
a25 = a + ( 25 – 1 )d
a25 = a + 24d
a25 = -24d +24d a25 = 0 ( from equation ----1)

36. Here angle C = 90ᴼ and AC = BC =1 thus AB2 = AC2 + BC2

=
l2+ l2 = 2l2
Now ( 2 √2 2 ) = 2 l2
Thus l =2 and r = √ 2 m
Slant height of conical position l =2m
Total surface area of toy
2ᴫ r h + ᴫ r2 + ᴫ r l
ᴫ r ( 7 + √ 2 + 2 ) m2
= ᴫ √ 2 ( 9 + √ 2 ) m2
= ᴫ ( 2 + 9 √ 2 ) m2

37. ABC and A1 B C1 are two triangles

117
38. A Pythagoras Theorem

B C

Data : ABC, B= 90ᴼ

T.P.T : AC 2 = AB2 + BC2

Construction : Draw BD ┴ AC
Proof : in ABC and ABD
ABC = ADB = 90 0 Therefore Data Construction

A = A Common Side ACB and ABD ( ¨. Remaining angle )

There fore ABC and ABD are Equiangular

= ABC & ABD

118
 AC = BC = AB
AB BD AD
AC = AB
AB AD
AB2 = AC x AD 1
In ABC & BDC
ABC = BDC = 90 0 ( Remaining Angle)

ABC and BDC are Equiangular

There fore ABC and BDC
AC = AB = BC
BC BD DC
BC2 = AC x DC 2
Add 1 and 2
AB2 = AC x AD 1
BC2 = AC x DC 2
AB2 + BC2 = AC x AD + AC x DC
AB2 + BC2 = AC ( AD + DC )
AB2 + BC2 = AC ( AC )
AB2 + BC2 = AC2 Therefore AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ( Hence proved )

Model Question Paper – 2 – Key Answers

Subject: Mathematics Max Marks:80
Time: 3.15min (No. of Questions:38)

I
1. D) No solutions
2. D) 18
3. C) 4
4. C) 450
5. B) 2√2 units
6. B) 70°
7. A) 440 cm2
8. A) 1:16
II
9. 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
10. 1) The roots are real & equal

119
 2) The roots are real and distinct
tan 26° tan (90°−64°)
11. =
𝑐𝑜𝑡64° 𝑐𝑜𝑡64°
𝑐𝑜𝑡64°
= 𝑐𝑜𝑡64°
=1
12. In a ∆ 𝑃𝑄𝑅, By applying pythagoras theorem

13. A(8,3) = (x1 , y1) B(0,9) = (x2 , y2)

Distance Formula = √(x2 - x1)2 + ( y2 - y1)2
= √ (0-8)2 + (9-3)2
= √ (-8)2 + 62
= √ 64 + 36
= √ 100
= 10 units
14. 3 is most repeated number
Hence mode = 3
15. TSA of frustum of a cone = πl (r1 + r2) + πr12 + πr22
16. AD/DB = AE/EC
3/4 = 6 / EC
EC = 6 × 4/3
EC = 2 × 4

120
 EC = 8 cm
III. 17. We know that first 2-digit number divisible by 3 is 12 & last 2-digit number divisible by 3 is
99
Hence 12 , 15, 18,_ _ _ _ _ 99 is an AP
Here a = 12, d = 3

18

121
19)

122
 20)

21) 𝑘𝑥(𝑥 − 2) + 6 = 0

123
 OR

22)

124
23)

24)

25)

125
OR

126
But the speed cannot be negative
Hence, the original speed of the train is 40km/hr
26)

127
 OR
26) Prove that
1
(cosecA − sin 𝐴) (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝐴

27)

128
28)

29)

129
 OR

29)

130
30)

131
31) Prove that “The tangent at any point of circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of

132
 Contact”

32)

33)

133
OR

134
IV.34)

35)

135
OR

136
36)

37)

137
IV. 38)

138
139