Journal of Physics: Conference Series

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Torsional modes in the magnetoelectric effect for a two-layer

ferrimagnet-piezoelectric YIG / GaAs structure
To cite this article: O V Sokolov and M I Bichurin 2020 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1658 012054

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2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

Torsional modes in the magnetoelectric effect for a two-layer

ferrimagnet-piezoelectric YIG / GaAs structure

O V Sokolov and M I Bichurin

Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, 41, ul. B. St. Petersburgskaya, Veliky
Novgorod, Russian Federation

E-mail: mirza.bichurin@novsu.ru

Abstract. The article is devoted to the theoretical study of the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in
the magnetostrictive-piezosemiconductor structure of yttrium iron garnet (YIG) - gallium
arsenide (GaAs) in the torsional mode. Earlier, it was found that the ME effect significantly
increases with the transition from the low-frequency range to the region of electromechanical
resonance (EMR). There are known results on the study of the ME effect in the range of different
EMR modes: planar, flexural, and shear. This article proposes to consider the ME effect in the
torsional mode region in a layered YIG-GaAs composite. Interest in this phenomenon is
associated both with the study of the newest effect, and with the possibility of studying the ME
effect in the region of magnetoacoustic resonance, i.e. when the torsional mode coincides with
the spin wave in the region of ferromagnetic resonance. The results obtained can find application
in the design of new ME devices.

1. Introduction
As is known [1], the ME effect in a two-phase layered composite consists in the induction of an electric
voltage in the piezophase during its magnetization (direct effect) and, conversely, in a change in the
magnetic state of the magnetophase when an electric voltage is connected to the piezophase (inverse
effect). It has been theoretically and experimentally established that the ME effect increases significantly
when passing from the low-frequency range to the region of electromechanical resonance (EMR). This
is due to the intensification of mechanical deformations that transfer excitations between the phases of
the composite. The results of studying the ME effect in the range of different EMR modes: planar,
flexural and shear are known [1]. Excitation of various EMR modes allows covering a wide frequency
range, which is important in the design of various resonant ME devices: sensors, gyrators, harvesters,
etc. [2-4]. This article proposes to consider the ME effect in the torsional mode region in a layered
composite of YIG - GaAs. Interest in this phenomenon is associated both with the study of the newest
effect, and with the possibility of studying the ME effect in the region of magnetoacoustic resonance,
i.e. when the torsional mode coincides with the spin wave in the region of ferromagnetic resonance.

2. Calculation method
The X axis will be drawn along the length of the sample in the corresponding plane of symmetry of the
sample, the Y axis along the axis of rotation of the composite beam with torsional vibrations in the
direction of the sample width (figure 1).

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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

Figure 1. Position of the interface between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases in a two-
layer composite.

The constant bias magnetic field H 0 is directed along the X-axis, the alternating magnetic field h2 is
directed along the Y-axis.
Total composite thickness is equal to t  pt  mt .
Shear components of the strain tensor are expressed as

S4  x
y
, (1)

S6   z
y
where  is the angle of torsion.
Materials equations for a piezoelectric have the form
1 p
S4  p
T4
G . (2)
1 p
S6  p T6  d14 E3
p

G
From (3) we find the tangent components of the stress tensor of the piezoelectric

p
T4  pGS 4  pGx , (3)
y

p
T6  pG  S6  d14 p E3    pGz  d14 pG p E3 . (4)
y
Materials equations for a ferrimagnet are
1 m
S4  m
T4
G . (5)
1 m
S6  m T6  q26 h2
G
From (6), the tangent components of the stress tensor of the magnetostrictive phase are expressed as

m
T4  mGS4  mGx
y
, (6)

m
T6  G  S6  q26 h2    Gz
m m
 q26 h2
y

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2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

where
q26  mGq26 . (7)
Electrical displacement in piezoelectric is

D3  d14 pT6   0 p E3  d14 p Gz    0  pGd142  p E3 . (8)
y
p
Let,s express from (8) E3

p
E3  h14 z  3S3 D3 , (9)
y
where
d14 pG
h14 
 0  pGd142
(10)
1
  S

 0  pGd142
33

and substitute in (5). As a result, we get


p
T6   pG D z  h14 D3 , (11)
y
where
 0 pG
p
GD  . (12)
 0  pGd142
Torsional moment has the form
l l
z0 z0  m t

 dx   x T4  z T6  dz   dx   x T4  z mT6  dz 
2 2
M p p m


l z0  p t 
l z0
2 2
l
2 z0
 p    
  dx   x Gx
y
 z   pG D z
 y
 h14 D3   dz 


l z0  p t 
2
l
z0  m t
2
 m     
  dx   x Gx  z   mGz  q26 h2   dz  K  l pt 2 h14 D3  l mt 2 q26 h2
l z0  y  y  y

2
, (13)
where
K  pK  mK
p

3 
K  pG D z03   z0  pt  l 
1 3 1 p p 3
12
G tl ,  (14)

m
K  mG m I

where the polar moment of the ferrimagnet is

m
I
1
3
 
z0  mt   z03 l  mtl 3 ,
3 1
12
 (15)

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2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

1
z0
h14  2 z0  pt 
h14  p 2
t  zh14 dz 
2 pt
z0  p t
. (16)
1
z0  m t
q26  2 z0  mt 
q26  m2
t z0
 zq26 dz 
2 mt
Next, we find the voltage across the piezoelectric
    p
z0 z0

U  E3dz    33S D3  dz  pt 2 h14  t 33S D3 ,

p
 h14 z (17)
z0  t p
z0  p t 
y  y
where
z
1 0 S
 S
33  p  33dz  33S . (18)
t z  pt
0

From (18) we express the electrical displacement in the piezoelectric

U
p
t h14 
D3   (19)
p
t  S
33 33S y
and substitute in (13)
 l t h14
p

M  lt G  3
U  l mt 2 q26 h2 , (20)
y 33
S

where
1 
2
l pt 3 h14
G  3 K  . (21)
lt  33S 
 
The position of the interface between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases relative to the axis
of rotation of the composite beam z 0 is determined from the condition of the minimum effective shear
modulus of the sample G
p
G D pt 2 33S  mG mt 2 33S  h142 pt 2
z0  . (22)
2  mG mt  pG D pt  h142 pt 
Torsional vibration equation expressed as
 2 M
J 2  , (23)
 y
where the moment of inertia of the sample per unit of width equal to
J  p  p I  m mI , (24)
where the polar moment of the piezoelectric is
p
I
1 3
3 
z0   z0  p t  l 
3 1 p 3
12
tl .  (25)

Substitute (20) in (23)

 2  2
 lt 3
G J (26)
 2 y 2
The time dependence of the torsional angle is harmonic  ei therefore, we have

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2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

 2
 k 2  0 , (27)
y 2

where the wave number

J
k  3 . (28)
lt G
General solution of the motion equation (28) has the form
  A cos  ky   B sin  ky  . (29)
Open circuit condition is
b
2

 D dy  0 ,
b
3 (30)

2
where b is the width of the magnetoelectric composite.
Then we integrate (18) over y
b
Ub  t h14 
p 2 2
b  2 pt 2 h14 B sin  , (31)

2
where
kb
 . (32)
2
Free sample boundary conditions are expressed as
b
M 0
2
. (33)
 b
M    0
 2
Combining boundary conditions (34) with (32), we obtain a linear system of three inhomogeneous
algebraic equations for three unknowns A, B, U
l pt h14
klt G  B cos  A sin   
3
U  l mt 2 q26 h2  0
 S
33

l pt h14
klt 3 G  B cos  A sin    U  l mt 2 q26 h2  0 . (34)
 S
33

Ub  2 pt 2 h14 B sin 
Solving this system, we find U and then the ME voltage coefficient
2 pt 2 mt 2 h14 q26 33S tan 
E  . (35)

t kbt 3 G 33S  2 h14 t tan 
2 p 3

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the ME voltage coefficient on the frequency of the alternating
magnetic field f , кГц . To take into account losses in the calculation, the following formula is used
 1 
  2 1  i  f , where the resonance Q-factor is 200.
 2Q 

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2nd ISPCMMPAM 2020 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

Figure 2. Magnetoelectric voltage coefficient for YIG-GaAs in the torsional mode.

At calculation the following material parameters of the original components were used: for YIG:
m
  5170 kg / m3 ,
m
G  7.64 1010 Pa , q26  1.0 10
9
m/ A , t  5 104 m
m
; for GaAs:
p
  5320 kg / m3 , G  5.94 10 Pa ,   12.9 , d14  2.69 1012 m / V
p 10
,
p
t  5 104 m .
Sample length l  102 m , b  2.5 103 m .
The magnitude of the effect is comparable to the results obtained for other EMR modes. The
fundamental resonance frequency approximately corresponds in order of magnitude to the fundamental
resonance frequency of planar oscillations that would propagate along the width of the sample.

3. Conclusion
The calculation results show that the ME effect in the magnetostrictive-piezosemiconductor structure
YIG - GaAs in the torsion mode can be observed experimentally, since the magnitude of the calculated
effect is comparable to the experimental results obtained for other EMR modes. It should be noted that
the fundamental resonant frequency of the torsional mode approximately corresponds in order of
magnitude to the fundamental resonant frequency of planar oscillations that would propagate along the
width of the sample. The results obtained can find application in the design of new ME devices.

Acknowledgement
This research was funded by RFBR project number no. 19 -57-53001 NSFC_a.

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[2] Wang Y, Gray D, Berry D et al. 2011 An extremely low equivalent magnetic noise
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[3] Palneedi H, Annapureddy V, Priya, S and Ryu J 2016 Status and perspectives of multiferroic
magnetoelectric composite materials and applications Actuators 5 9

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1658 (2020) 012054 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1658/1/012054

[4] Leung C M, Sreenivasulu G, Zhuang X et al. 2018 A hhighly efficient self-biased nickel-zinc
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