KYUNGPOOK Math. J.

45(2005), 1-11

A Note on Multidimensional Fractional Calculus Operators

Involving Gauss Hypergeometric Functions
R. K. Raina
Department of Mathematics, C. T. A. E., M. P. University of Agri. and Technol-
ogy, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India
e-mail : rainark_7@hotmail.com

Pramod Kr. Chhajed

Department of Mathematics, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Ra-
jasthan, India
e-mail : shrya@sancharnet.in

Abstract. Making use of the multidimensional fractional calculus operators introduced in

[20], this paper gives the images under these operators of the celebrated Fox’s H-function.
Special cases are briefly point out, and some of the results are also studied on general
n
spaces of functions Mλ (R+ ).

1. Introduction and preliminaries

The field of fractional calculus is presently receiving keen attention by re-
searchers. The recent monographs on the subject by Kiryakova [5], Miller and Ross
[7] and Samko, Kilbas and Marichev [16] give fairly good account of the develop-
ments in fractional calculus, and consider several aspects of applications to potential
problems in analysis. Most of the investigations carried out are for one-dimensional
case. However, some work relating to two dimensional (and multidimensional) cases
have also been considered, and some results happen to be repeated applications of
the one-dimensional case (see [4], [9], [12], [13], [16] and [17]). Our motive in the
present investigation is to obtain new classes of formulas giving the images under the
multidimensional fractional calculus operators involving the Gauss hypergeometric
function (introduced by Tuan, Raina and Saigo [20] ) for the celebrated H-functions
of Fox [3]. The H-function which is usually defined in terms of Mellin-Barnes type
contour integral involving the quotients of gamma functions and, as already evi-
denced in the literature, such Mellin-Barnes contour integrals are useful in several
areas of applied mathematics and statistics [6] and [17]. Some of the results are also
n
studied on general spaces of functions Mλ (R+ ).
Special cases giving known and new results are also briefly mentioned.

Received December 20, 2002.

2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 26A33, 33C40.
Key words and phrases: multidimensional operators, H-functions, Mellin transform,
fractional calculus operators.

1
2 R. K. Rain and P. Kr. Chhajed

Throughout the paper, we follow the notations and conventions of [1]. Thus, R
denotes the field of real numbers and C the field of complex numbers. Rn repre-
n
sents the set of n-tuple real numbers, with R+ denoting the set of non-negative real
n
numbers, and C the set of complex numbers. We reserve a, b, c, · · · , x, · · · in
most cases for elements of C n , viz. x = (x1 , · · · , xn ), a = (a1 , · · · , an ) etc. We also
set xa = xa1 · · · xan and x.1 = x1 + · · · + xn .
By φ+ (x) we mean the positive part of a function φ defined by
(
φ(x) φ(x) > 0,
(1.1) φ+ (x) =
0 φ(x) ≤ 0.

For Re(α) > 0, the multidimensional modified fractional integral of order α ∈ C of

n
f : R+ → C are defined as follows:
α,β,η
(1.2) S+;n f (x)
Z · ½ ¾ ¸α
1 1 x1 xn
= D min ,··· , −1
Γ(α + 1) n
R+ t1 tn +
µ ½ ¾¶
x1 xn
× 2 F1 α + β, α + η; 1 + α; 1 − min ,··· , f (t)dt,
t1 tn

and
α,β,η
(1.3) S−;n f (x)
Z · ½ ¾¸α
1 x1 xn
= D1 1 − max ,··· ,
Γ(α + 1) n
R+ t1 tn +
µ ½ ¾¶
x1 xn
× 2 F1 α + β, −η; 1 + α; 1 − max ,··· , f (t)dt.
t1 tn

Definitions (1.2) and (1.3) were introduced in [20]. By suitable subdivision of

n n
the region R+ ([1]) for fixed x ∈ R+ , the multidimensional operators (1.2) and (1.3)
can be expressed in terms of finite sums of single integrals (see [19, p.255]). It may
be noticed that for n = 1, we have the following connections:
α,β,η −β α,β,η
(1.4) S+;1 x f (x) = I0,x f (x),

and
α,β,η −β α,β,η
(1.5) S−;1 x f (x) = J0,x f (x),
α,β,η α,β,η
where I0,x and J0,x are well known generalized fractional calculus operators
involving the Gauss hypergeometric function due to Saigo. Also, the operators
(1.2) and (1.3) contain the multidimensional modified fractional integral operators
studied by Tuan and Saigo [19] (see also [1]).
 Multidimensional Fractional Calculus Operators 3

A widely used class of special functions, (known as the H-function in literature) is

defined as follows ([3, p.408]; see also [8, Sec-8.3] and [17, Chapter 2]):

h i Z
λ+i∞
M,N M,N (aj ,Aj )1,P 1
(1.6) HP,Q [z] = HP,Q z |(bj ,Bj )1,Q = θ(σ)z −σ dσ,
2πi
λ−i∞

where
Q
M Q
M
(bj + σBj ) (1 − aj − σAj )
j=1 j=1
(1.7) θ(σ) = ,
Q
Q Q
p
(1 − bj − σBj ) (bj + σAj )
j=M +1 j=N +1

with
N
X P
X M
X Q
X
(1.8) ∆= Aj − Aj + Bj − Bj > 0, or
1 N +1 1 M +1

à P Q
! Ã P Q
!
X X (P − Q) X X
(1.9) ∆ = 0, Re aj − bj − +λ Aj − Bj > 1
1 1
2 1 1
³ ´
Re(bj ) > −λBj (j = 1, · · · , M ), Re(aj ) > 1 − λAj (j = 1, · · · , N ) .

Before stating our main results, we require the following lemma:

Lemma 1 ([14, p.157]). If s = (s1 , · · · , sn ) ∈ C n , h = (h1 , · · · , hn ) ∈ R+
n
and
g(y)( s
h .1)−1 n
∈ L1 (R+ ), then
Z s
.1 ³ s ´
(1.10) xs−1 g(max{xh1 1 , · · · , xhnn })dx = h 1 g ∗ .1 ,
R+n s h
³ ´
Re(si ) > 0 (i = 1, · · · , n) ,

and
Z ¡s ¢ ³s ´
s−1 h1 hn(−1)n−1 h .1
(1.11) x g(min{x1 , · · · , xn })dx = g∗ .1 ,
n
R+ s1 h
³ ´
Re(si ) < 0 (i = 1, · · · , n) ,

where g ∗ (u) denotes the one-dimensional Mellin transform of g(u).

4 R. K. Rain and P. Kr. Chhajed

2. Main results
We first establish the following:
Theorem 1. Let Re(α) > 0, λj < 0 (j = 1, ³ · · · , n), ´λ.1 > max {Re(β), Re(η),
Aj
Re(α + β + η)} , and h ∈ R+ , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) h (j = 1, · · · , N ),
³ ´
B
Re(bj ) > − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , M ), and the following conditions holds true:

P
N P
P P
M P
Q
(i) Delta = Aj − Aj + Bj − Bj > 0, or
1 N +1 1 M +1
µP ¶ µP ¶
P P
Q
(P −Q) P P
Q
(ii) ∆ = 0, and Re aj − bj − 2 + (λ.1) Aj − Bj > 1,
1 1 1 1

then
h i
α,β,η −1 M,N
(2.1) S+;n x HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h ¯ i
h ¯ (1−β,h),(1−η,h),(aj ,Aj )1,P
= x−1 HPM,N +2 h
+2,Q+2 min{x1 , · · · , xn } (bj ,Bj )1,Q ,(1,h),(1−α−β−η,h) .

Proof. First we recall the multidimensional Mellin inversion formula [1] given by
(λ)+i∞
Z
1
(2.2) f (x) = f ∗ (s)x−s ds,
(2πi)n
(λ)−i∞

for the Mellin transform

Z
(2.3) f ∗ (s) = M {f (x)} = xs−1 f (x)dx,
n
R+

R (λ)+i∞
where, we use the condensed integral notation (λ)−i∞ for the n-tuple integral
R λ1 +i∞ R λ +i∞
λ1 −i∞
· · · λnn−i∞ .
In view of (2.2), and by invoking (1.11) of Lemma 1, we can express
(λ)+i∞
Z
−1 M,N £ ¤ (−1)n−1 s.1 −s−1
(2.4) x HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn } = Fh∗ (s) x ds,
h(2πi)n s1
(λ)−i∞

where
Q
M Q
N
Γ(bj + Bj s.1
h ) Γ(1 − aj − Aj s.1
h )
j=1 j=1
(2.5) Fh∗ (s) = .
Q
Q Q
P
Γ(1 − bj − Bj s.1
h ) Γ(aj + Aj s.1
h )
j=M +1 j=N +1
 Multidimensional Fractional Calculus Operators 5

α,β,η
Applying the operator S+;n on both sides of (2.4), provided that Re(sj ) < 0
(j = 1, · · · , n), and using the formula [20, p.147, Eq.(3.5)]:

α,β,η −s Γ(β + η − s.1)Γ(η + n − s.1)

(2.6) S+;n x = x−s ,
Γ(n − s.1)Γ(α + β + η + n − s.1)
³
Re(α) > −1; Re(sj ) < 1 (j = 1, · · · , n), Re(s.1) < n + min [Re(β), Re(η)]
we obtain
α,β,η −1 M,N £ ¤
(2.7) S+;n x HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
(λ)+i∞
Z
(−1)n−1 s.1 Γ(β − s.1)Γ(η − s.1)
= Fh∗ (s) x−s−1 ds.
h(2πi)n 1
s Γ(−s.1)Γ(α + β + η − s.1)
(λ)−i∞

Interpreting the R. H. S. of (2.7) by means of (2.4)(under the validity conditions

stated with Theorem 1), we arrive at the desired result (2.1). ¤
If we put β = −α, then the assertions (2.1) of Theorem 1 yields the result:
Corollary 1. If Re(α) > −1, h ∈ R+ , Re(α) < −λ.1, λ =³ (λ1 , · · · ´ , λn ) ∈
A
Rn , with λj < 0 (j = 1, · · · , n), and h ∈ R+ , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j =
³ ´
B
1, · · · , N ), Re(bj ) > − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , M ); and the conditions (i) and (ii)
stated with Theorem 1 are satisfied, then
a M,N £ ¤
(2.8) X+;n x−1 HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
h (1+α,h)(aj ,Aj )1,P
= x−1 HPM,N +1 h
+1,Q+1 min{x1 , · · · , xn }|(bj ,Bj )1,Q ,(1,h) .

In an analogus manner, by using the formula [20, p.148, Eq.(3.6)]:

α,β,η −s Γ(1 − n + s.1)Γ(1 − β + η − n + s.1)

(2.9) S+;n x = x−s ,
Γ(1 − β − n + s.1)Γ(1 + α + η − n + s.1)
³ ´
Re(α) > −1; Re(s.1) > max {Re(β − η), (n − 1)}
we obtain the following result involving the operator (1.3):
Theorem 2. Let Re(α) > −1; λj > 0 (j = 1, · · · , n); λ.1 > max {Re(β), Re(β − η)
A
Re(−α − β)} − 1 and h ∈ R+ , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , N ), Re(bj ) >
Bj
−(λ.1) h (j = 1, · · · , M ); and the conditions (i) and (ii) stated with Theorem 1
hold true, then
h i
α,β,η −1 M,N h h
(2.10) S−; n x H P,Q max{x 1
, · · · , x n
}
h ¯ (aj ,Aj )1,P (1−β,h),(1+α+η,h) i
= x−1 HP +2,Q+2 max{xh1 , · · · , xhn } ¯ (1,h),(1−β+η,h)(b
M +2,N
j ,Bj )1,Q
.
6 R. K. Rain and P. Kr. Chhajed

For β = −α, we obtain the following:

Corollary 2. Let Re(α) > ³−1, λ = ´(λ1 , · · · , λn ) ∈ Rn with λj > 0³ (j = 1, ·´· · , n)
A B
and h ∈ R+ , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , N ), Re(bj ) > − (λ.1) hj (j =
1, · · · , M ) and the conditions (i) and (ii) stated with Theorem 1 hold true, then
h i
a −1 M,N
(2.11) X−; nx HP,Q max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h ¯ (aj ,Aj )1,P ,(1+α,h) i
= x−1 HPM+1,Q+1
+1,N
max{xh1 , · · · , xhn } ¯ (1,h),(b j ,Bj )1,Q
.

The results Corollaries 1 and 2 were obtained by Raina ([14]).

n
3. Operators on space Mλ (R+ )
n
Following [19], let Mλ (R+ ), where λ = (λ1 , · · · , λn ) ∈ Rn , denote the space of
n
functions f defined on R+ which are defined through the set of entire functions of
n
exponential type. It is proved that the function f ∈ Mλ (R+ ) if and only if f can
be represented as the inverse Mellin transform, viz.

(λ)+i∞
Z
1
f (x) = f ∗ (s)x−s ds,
(2πi)n
(λ)−i∞

¡
of a function ¢f ∗ (s) which is infinitely differentiable with compact support on (λ) −
i∞, (λ) + i∞ .
n
We now state the following known assertion pertaining to the space Mλ (R+ )
which are used to arrive at further new results involving the operators (1.2) and
(1.3).
Lemma 2 ([20, p.148, Eq.(3.7)]). If Re(α) > 0, λj + Re(dj ) < 1 (j = 1, · · · , n),
α + β + η + n − d.1 − λ.1 > 0, λ.1 + Re(d.1) < n + min [Re(β), Re(η)], then,
α,β,η −d
xd S+;n x is a homeomorphism of the space Mλ (R+ n
) onto itself, and

α,β,η −d
(3.1) xd S+;n x f (x)
Z (λ)+i∞
1 Γ(β + n − d.1 − s.1)Γ(η + n − d.1 − s.1)
= f ∗ (s) x−s ds.
(2πi)n (λ)−i∞ Γ(n − d.1 − s.1)Γ(α + β + η − n − d.1 − s.1)

Lemma 3 ([20, p.149, Eq.(3.8)]). If Re(α) > 0, λj + Re(dj ) < 1 (j = 1, · · · , n),

−β −n+d.1+λ.1 6= −1, −2, · · · , α+η −n+d.1+λ.1 6= −1, −2, · · · , λ.1+Re(d.1) >
α,β,η −d
n + Re(β − η) − 1, then xd S−;n x is a homeomorphism of the space Mλ (R+ n
)
 Multidimensional Fractional Calculus Operators 7

onto itself, and

α,β,η −d 1
(3.2) xd S−;n x f (x) =
(2πi)n
(λ)+i∞
Z
Γ(1 − n + d.1 + s.1)Γ(1 − β + η − n + d.1 + s.1)
f ∗ (s) x−s ds.
Γ(1 − β − n + d.1 + s.1)Γ(1 + α + η − n + d.1 + s.1)
(λ)−i∞

Using Lemma 2, we have

α,β,η −d M,N £ ¤ 1
(3.3) xd S+;n x f (x)HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn } =
(2πi)n
(λ)+i∞
Z
|s| Γ(β + n − d.1 − s.1)Γ(η + n − d.1 − s.1)
Fh∗ (s) x−s ds,
s1 · · · sn Γ(n − d.1 − s.1)Γ(α + β + η − n − d.1 − s.1)
(λ)−i∞

where Fh∗ (s) is defined by (2.5). Interpreting the R.H.S. with the help of (2.4), we
obtain the following result:
Theorem 3. Let Re(α) h> 0, λj + Re(dj ) < 1 (j = 1, ·i· · , n) and h ∈ R+ , such that
A
λ.1 + Re(d.1) < n + min Re(β), Re(η), Re(α + β + η) , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j =
B
1, · · · , N ), Re(bj ) > −(λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , M ) and the conditions (i) and (ii) stated
with Theorem 1 holds true, then
α,β,η −d M,N £ ¤
(3.4) xd S+;n x HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
h (1−β−n+d.1,h),(1−η−n+d.1,h),(aj ,Aj )1,P
= HPM,N +2 h
+2,Q+2 min{x1 , · · · , xn } |(bj ,Bj )1,Q (1−n+d.1,h),(1−α−β−η−n+d.1,h) .

In an analogous manner, by using Lemma 3, we obtain

Theorem 4. Let Re(α) > 0, λj + Re(dj ) > 1 (j = 1, · · · , n) and h ∈ R+ , such
A
that λ.1 + Re(d.1) > n + Re(β − η) − 1, Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , N ),
Bj
Re(bj ) > −(λ.1) h (j = 1, · · · , M ) and the conditions (i) and (ii) stated with
Theorem 1 hold true, then
α,β,η −d M,N £ ¤
(3.5) xd S−;n x HP,Q max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
(aj ,Aj )1,P (1−β−n+d.1,h),(1+α+η−n+d.1,h)
= HPM+2,Q+2
+2,N
max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }|(1−n+d.1,h),(1−n−β+η+d.1,h),(b j ,Bj )1,Q
.
8 R. K. Rain and P. Kr. Chhajed

4. Modified fractional derivatives

α,β,η n
Following [20], we note that S+;n is a homeomorphism of Mλ (R+ ) onto itself
if Re(α) > 0, Re(λj ) < 1 (j = 1, · · · , n), α + β + η − n − λ.1 > 0, λ.1 <
α,β,η −1
n + min[Re(β), Re(η)]. There also exists its inverse operator (S+;n ) , which is a
n
homeomorphism of Mλ (R+ ) onto itself (see [20, p.158]), and is given by

Z
λ+i∞
α,β,η −1 1 Γ(n − s.1)Γ(α + β + η − n − s.1) −s
(4.1) (S+;n ) f (x) = fh∗ (s) x ds.
2πi Γ(β + n − s.1)Γ(η + n − s.1)
λ−i∞

α,β,η
Similarly, there also exists the inverse operator of S−;n if Re(α) > 0, λj > 1,
−β −n+λ.1 > 0, α+η−n+λ.1 > 0, λ.1 > Re(β −η)−1, which is a homeomorphism
n
of Mλ (R+ ) onto itself, then

α,β,η −1
(4.2) (S−;n ) f (x)
Z
λ+i∞
1 Γ(1 − β − n + s.1)Γ(1 + α + η − n + s.1) −s
= fh∗ (s) x ds.
2πi Γ(1 − n + s.1)Γ(1 − β + η − n + s.1)
λ−i∞

Using (4.1) in conjunction with (1.11) of Lemma 1, we readily obtain the following:

Theorem 5. Let Re(α) > 0, λj < 1 (j = 1, · · · , n), α + β + η − λ.1 > 0, Re(λ.1) <
A
min[Re(β), Re(η), Re(α + β + η)], h ∈ R+ , Re(aj ) < 1 − (λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , N ),
B
Re(bj ) > −(λ.1) hj (j = 1, · · · , M ), and the conditions (i) and (ii) stated with
Theorem 1 hold true, then
α,β,η −1 M,N £ ¤
(4.3) (S+;n ) HP,Q min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
h (1−n,h),(1−α−β−η+n),(aj ,Aj )1,P
= HPM,N +2
+2,Q+2 min{x h
1
, · · · , xn
} |(bj ,Bj )1,Q ,(1−β−n,h),(1−η−n,h) .

In an analogus manner, by using (4.2) in conjunction with (1.10) of Lemma 1,

we obtain the following:
Theorem 6. Let Re(α) > 0, λj > 1 (j = 1, · · · , n), λ.1 − β − η > 0, α + η − n +
λ.1 > 0, (λ.1) > [Re(β − η)] − 1, h ∈ R+ and conditions (i) and (ii) stated with
Theorem 1 hold true, then
α,β,η −1 M,N £ ¤
(4.4) (S−;n ) HP,Q max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
(aj ,Aj )1,P (1−n,h),(1−n−β+η,h)
= HPM+2,Q+2
+2,N
max{xh1 , · · · , xhn } |(1−β−n,h),(1+α+η−n,h)(b j ,Bj )1,Q
.
 Multidimensional Fractional Calculus Operators 9

5. Concluding remarks
The main results contained in Theorems 1-5 essentially involve the well known
H-function which includes as its special cases, mathematically important functions
such as the Bessel Maitland function Jλν (x), the Wright’s generalized hypergeometric
functions p Ψq , the Mittag-Laffler functions Eα and Eα, β ([5], [6] and [8]), and
Miller-Ross functions, viz. Ex (ν, a), Cx (ν, a) and Sx (ν, a) ([7]).
To illustrate few special cases here, we deduce below the image functions under
the operators (1.2) and (1.3) from the main formulas (2.1), (2.10), (3.4) and (3.6)
by assigning suitable values to the parameters such that the reduced functions are
identifiable with known functions. It may also be noted that the formulas (2.8)
and (2.11) mentioned in Corollaries 1 and 2 contain the one dimensional fractional
derivative formulas given in [10, p.99] and [11, p.277].
(i) Let us set M = N = P = Q = 1, a1 = 1 − a, A1 = B1 = 1, b1 = 0, d = 0
in (3.4) and (3.6), we obtain
α,β,η £ ¤−a
(5.1) S+;n 1 + min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
1 h i
1,3 (1−β−n,h),(1−η−n,h)(1−a,1)
= H3,3 min{xh1 , · · · , xhn } |(0,1),(1−n,h),(1−α−β−η−n,h) ,
Γ(a)
and
α,β,η £ ¤−a
(5.2) S−;n 1 + max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
1 h i
3,1 (1−a,1),(1−β−n,h)(1+α+η−n,h)
= H3,3 max{xh1 , · · · , xhn } |(1−n−β+η,h),(0,1),(1−n,h) .
Γ(a)

(ii) Next, we put M = 1, N = P = 0, Q = 2, b1 = 0, B1 = 1, b2 = −λ,

B2 = ν, d = 0 in (2.1) and (2.10), we obtain
α,β,η £ −1 ν © ª¤
(5.3) S+,n x Jλ min{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
1,2 (1−β,h),(1−η,h)
= x−1 H2,4 min{xh1 , · · · , xhn } |(0,1),(1,h),(−λ,ν),(1−α−β−η,h) ,

and
α,β,η £ −1 ν © ª¤
(5.4) S−,n x Jλ max{xh1 , · · · , xhn }
h i
3,0 (1−β,h),(1+α+η,h)
= x−1 H2,4 max{xh1 , · · · , xhn } |(0,1),(1,h),(1−β+η,h),(−λ,ν) ,

where Jλν (x) is the Bessel-Maitland function defined in [8].

Acknowledgements. The work of the first-named author was supported by Coun-

cil for Scientific and Industrial Research (Govt. of India).
10 R. K. Rain and P. Kr. Chhajed

References
[1] Yu. A. Brychkov, H-J. Glaeske, A. P. Prudnikov and V. K. Tuan, Multidi-
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