ANY eereetes KOT) THE ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURE Architectural Styles and Movement The Evolution of Forms © Function and History = Buildings of the past were developed because of definite & tangible needs Materials and types of construction influenced their appearance ‘The purposes of the buildings were the controling factors © The architecture of today were oniy the fruits of the past experiments =" Each period of historic development was once “modern” Phases of Development: @ ARCHAIC = saw the groping of the untried hands inan attempt to master new problems and new medium, on effort to find an expression for a new material = _ Egyptian, Mesopotamian © =MASTERY — the buildings/art produced shaw that designerfartist has discovered how to control his medium and sure of his technique and performance — the height of the development ~ Classical Styles, Romanesque, Gothic © DECADENCE is marked with artist becoming too sure of himself to take liberties with ris materials His designs were less structural and ‘were too omate, it heralds the decline and the beginning of the end ~ Renaissance, Modern European Precedents: @ STRUCTURAL STYLES (Creative) 1. Trabeated! (post & lintel) Architecture Classical, 7th Cent. BC. - 5th Cent. A.D, 2. Greek ». Roman ( with beginning of round arch) 1. Arouated (arch and pier) Architecture Romanesque (round arch) 6th to 12th Cent italian, French, English, German Gothic (pointed arch) 13th to 15" Cent French, English, German, Flemish, Italian, Spanish © IMITATIVE STYLES (Decorative) Post & lintel and round arch Architecture Renaissance, 15th to 18th Cent italian, French, English, German, Spanish, Flemish (American Colonial) Revival, 19th Cent: Classical, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, Eclectism, first 2 decade of the 20th Cent. (this is electing to work in any of the styles of historic development, depending upon the type of building and the inclinations of the architect and the client) © CONTEMPORARY MOVEMENT since Circa 1920 -based upon the desire to allow function & materials to dictate form and style ~ an expression of steel and concrete, new materials interpreted in meny ways Characteristics of the Architectural Movements: © Greek ‘Temple and theatre architecture Attention was founded on exterior ~ Post and linte! — Refinement of line, simplicity of detail — Has clarity, strength and response Magnificent temples, palaces, baths with large span and covered with concrete vault - Pretentious — Builders were tagged as engineers rather then architects They developed the round arch and pier ~ Buildings were richly ornamented but less fundamental © Romanesque — Church architecture Employed round arch and vault to give equilibrium by the adjustment of the thrusts — Honest in use of bricks and stones — Direct and vigorous in its arrangement of mass and detail — Activites were the result of intense religious fervor — Soaring, vertical quality —_Insoiving the problem of concentrating the vault thrusts, pointed arches, slender piers and flying buttresses, stained glass windows were substituted for thick walls = Asystem of construction, religion and philosophy © Renaissance — Italy reverted back to classical style — Classical forms were adopted to their needs — Formal arrangement of churches, villas and palaces: © Reflections in the U.S. 1. 17th Century + Early houses were based upon English tracitions of timber framing + Overhanging second stories, beamed ceilings and narrow windows contributed to the informality of this period = 2. Colonial + Georgian style + Style were simple and ‘symmetrical See nr rere ne rere RRR ere nmmeeeeemenmeemememesmmeeet UST Architecture | Collegeof Architecture | TOAZ | Handout 1 | Updated SY. 2020-21 Page 1+ Combined refined, delicate mouldings with slender, graceful columns - 8 Greek Revival + Greek forms and details were applied to all types of buildings + Pleasing to the eye but were often illogical in regard to function + Style was inflexible to permit an easy adeptation + Anarchitecture of fagade arrangements ~ 4 Gothic Revival They tured to the informality of the gothic + They were not successful in capturing the spirit of the style + Cold and hard structures + Lacked flexible quality of the European Buildings: - 5. Victorian + Anattempt to bring romance ‘through the medium of architecture and interior decoration during the period of “industrial depression” + Meaningless turrets, gables, jig-saw ornaments + Anarchitecture with no structural sense + *Eastiake" style and the Vietorian Gothic - 6, Romanesque Revival + HLH Richardson was, responsible + Bold and massive details ~ 7. Renaissance Revival + Exodus of students to Paris to study architecture ‘+ Itwas the vogue in France + French chateaux influenced the design of the mansions of the wealthy + Itrescued U.S. from the artistic depths in which it had been floundering © Antecedents of the Contemporary ~ 1, STEEL Library of St. Genevieve — with barrel vault supported by iron columns design was followed by Bibliotneque Nationale + Speculation of new material and new type of construction revolutionize the character of architectural design ~ 2 LLART NOUVEAU Began in Europe about 1900 + Based on a romantic theory that curved natural forms of flowers and animals were mote satisfactory than straight line and abstract designs, + Building lines were distorted to fit to the theory of curved surfaces + Itdid not developed because it was not fundamental 3. THE EARLY MODERNISTS + Louis Sullivan and later his student: Frank Lloyd Wright waged war against tradition in architecture + Structural scheme of the buildings were revealed © Contemporary Reflections ~ 4, Traditional Eclectos ‘They work in any style of the past and their development in the direction of the use of traditional motifs, + They maybe classicists- formality and purity of form or + Romanticists- picturesqueness of the medieval ~ 2 Traditional Modernists Those who give consideration to the use of the building but use historic style as the basis of the design + The old and new style were merged ~ 3, Non-traditional Modernists: + Believes in functionalism + Believes in “form follows function* + Use and characteristic of the materials influenced the appearance of the structure Ching, Dk. (1996) Architecture: Form, Space, and ‘Order. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Hanno-Walter, Kruttt. A History of Architectural Theory: Princeton, Architectural Press, 1994 Pickering, E. (1849) Architectural Design. New York: John Wiley and Sons Copyright 2020 by University of Santo Tomas College of Architecture TOA 2Sub-cluster This lecture was produced by the Theory of Architecture 2 (TOA2) Sub-cluster in preparation for S.¥. 2020-21. These pages and any portion thereof may not be reproduced or used without the written consent of the University of. Sonto Tomas College of Architecture except for brief ‘quotes or for review. UST Architecture | College of Architecture | TOA2 | Handout 1 | Updated S¥. 2020-21 Page 2