C O L L E G E O F A R C H I T E C T U R E

TROPICAL DESIGN

Grace E. Servino
Architect
Landscape Architect
Faculty, UST College of Architecture
BS Arch, UP Diliman
M Tropical LA, UP Diliman
geservino@ust.edu.ph

TROPICAL DESIGN > INTRODUCTION prepared by Grace E. Servino, geservino@ust.edu.ph 1

 Course Description

Tropical Design is a comprehensive study of the

materials, methods and concepts for architecture
under the tropical types of climates and regions; and
seeing how these elements affect the design process.
Incorporated with this is an in-depth analysis of these
underlying design principles with the end view of
identifying the effective design methods for the
subject.
 Course Objectives
• Reintroduce the basic solar and wind cycles and its effects to
the environment.

• Learn the signi cance of climate in the design process and the
different processes and instruments that can be applied in
climatic design.

• Introduce the different tropical design principles, simple design

elements, and technology-based strategies; and

• Acquire a general understanding of the different passive design

concepts and theories of the tropical climates types in different
urban and built environments.
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 Course Signi cance

• a major component in creating a sustainable
architecture and urban environment.

TROPICAL DESIGN

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
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+ URBAN ENVIRONMENT
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
+ URBAN ENVIRONMENT

CLIMATIC DESIGN

= CLIMATE RESPONSIVE STRUCTURES

 MODERN GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT

RISE OF THE MACHINES & HIGHLY CONTROLLED HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS

MADE US NEGLECT IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL ELEMENTS, FORCES AND PROCESSES.



tropical design can be a solution to address the following:
• climate change
• sustainability
• resilience
• new or better normal

 WIND

PRECIPITATION TOPOGRAPHY

SUN TEMPERATURE

CULTURE WILDLIFE

EXTREME SOIL
FORCES

VEGETATION

 TEMPERATURE
• LATITUDE

• LONGITUDE

• VEGETATION

• ALTITUDE

• EXPOSURE

• PROXIMITY TO WEATHER MODIFIERS

 PRECIPITATION

• DEW

• RAINFALL

• HUMIDITY

• FROST

• SNOW

 SUNLIGHT

• DURATION

• ANGLES OF INCIDENCE

• INTENSITY

 WIND

• DIRECTION

• VELOCITY

• DATE & PATH OF STORMS

 AIR

• QUALITY

• COMPOSITION

 WATER

• AVAILABILITY

• QUANTITY

• QUALITY

• DEPTH

 SOIL

• DESCRIPTION

• TYPES

• DEPTHS

 VEGETATION

• TYPES

• QUALITY

• MATURITY

 WILDLIFE

• HABITAT

• TYPES

 TOPOGRAPHY
• GEOLOGY

• GEOGRAPHY

• LATITUDE

• LONGITUDE

• LANDFORMS

• WATER BODIES

• SLOPE

• ELEVATION

 CULTURE
• PHYSICAL WELL-BEING

• ATTITUDES

• BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS

• COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

• FOODS

• CLOTHING

• CUSTOMS

• EDUCATION

• RECREATION

• PURSUITS/INTERESTS

 ECONOMY

• AGRICULTURAL YIELDS

• PRODUCTION OF GOODS

 GOVERNMENT

• POLITICAL TRENDS

• PUBLIC HEALTH

 PERSONAL
• HEIGHT

• WEIGHT

• RESPIRATION

• PERSPIRATION

• CIRCULATION

• DEHYDRATION

• HARDINESS

• ACCLIMATIZATION

 USER NEEDS
• allowing nature to provide the ff:

• comfort

• energy

• protection

• health & safety

• good views

 EXTREME FORCES OF NATURE

TYPES
• design that addresses
natural hazards:
FREQUENCY
• typhoons
• storm surge
MAGNITUDE • forest re
• earthquake
ADAPTATION • soil erosion
• ood
• volcanic eruption
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 CLIMATE CHANGE
• changes: global
temperature rise,
warming oceans,
shrinking ice sheets, rising
sea level, extreme events

• ecological footprint

• carbon footprint

TO ACHIEVE BETTER ARCHITECTURE?

 TO ACHIEVE BETTER ARCHITECTURE?

WE STRIVE FOR BALANCE AND THE PERFECT MIX OF THESE ELEMENTS

ARCHITECTURE

IS A SYMBOL OF

RELATIONSHIPS
 BETTER

ARCHITECTURE
BETTER

REALITY
BETTER

RELATIONSHIPS
 C O L L E G E O F A R C H I T E C T U R E

How does the church or sacred

spaces passively responds to the
environment?

TROPICAL DESIGN > INTRODUCTION prepared by Grace E. Servino, geservino@ust.edu.ph 30

Colonial Responses to • longer axis is east to west
SUN • Reduce wall surface area exposed to direct sun
from the east & west

 Colonial Responses to • covered aisles

SUN • give both shade to seated occupants and people
walking
• plazas, gardens, atrium courtyards
• Shaded with trees and other plants often with
water features for a cooler, comfortable and
welcoming environ
• Narthex
• located on the west side to provide heat buffer to
inner space
• division & de nition of spaces
• less inner partitions in more public spaces such as
nave & aisles to provide more light;
• intimate, private spaces less light like confession
boxes

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Colonial Responses to • Large overhead roof

SUN • protection from the sun
• clay tiles give cooler interiors
• Recessed windows and doors
• create overhang to shield from direct heat of sun
Miagao Church
• thick masonry walls
• absorb heat & protect interiors from solar
radiation to cool spaces
• plazas, gardens, courtyards
• Shaded with trees and other plants often with
water features for a cooler, comfortable and
welcoming environ
Paoay Church • double wall facade
• Reduce direct heat
Santuario del Santo Cristo, San Juan

 Colonial Responses to • Colonnaded facade

SUN • Reduce direct heat by creating a shaded entry

Shrine of Jesus (The Way, The Truth and the Life), Pasay City

Santuario del Santo Cristo, San Juan

Colonial Responses to • large operable windows

WIND • allow the breeze
• louvers control the exposure to wind
• large doors
Quiapo Church
• allow air to come in even on rainy or sunny
days

 Colonial Responses to • clerestory openings on upper part of church

WIND • allow hot air to escape from the ceiling
• let cool air circulate inside

HOT AIR GOES UP HOT AIR GOES UP

 Colonial Responses to • Recessed doors and windows

WATER • reduce the rain coming inside the church
• gargoyles
• carved or formed grotesque serve as water spout
Manila Cathedral to convey water from a roof and away from the
side of a building, preventing rainwater from
running down masonry walls and eroding the
mortar between; satirical sculptures of notable
people
• elevated ground oor
• to prevent oodwater inside

Nuestra Señora
de Gracia Church

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 Colonial Responses to
VEGETATION • cool the whole indoors and outdoors
• ornaments
• re ect designs inspired by ora (Floral Style) to
make church that are more symbolic
• division of spaces
• public space like gardens have more plants
• interior and private spaces have less plants
• church open on the sides
• for easy access to gardens

San Agustin Church

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 Colonial Responses to • clay tiles

MATERIALS • used for roo ng material
• quarry stone
• used for walls
• stained glass windows
• used for windows
• lumber
• for posts, supports
• bricks
• for walls
• adobe
• produced by mixing clay and straw and drying
them in the sun
• for walls

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Contemporary Responses to • wide overhangs

SUN • shield the interiors from direct solar radiation
• reduce heat
Church of the Risen Lord • transom and clerestory windows
• transom windows made of transparent or colored
glass allow diffused light to shine from above
• Vertical louvers
• large operable windows
• sometimes stained to allow but minimize light
entering

 Contemporary Responses to • wide overhangs

SUN • shield the interiors from direct solar radiation
• reduce heat
Church of the Holy Sacri
• transom and clerestory windows
• transom windows made of transparent or colored
glass allow diffused light to shine from above
• large glass windows
• sometimes stained to allow but minimize light
entering
• division of spaces
• private spaces have less light
• social or public spaces allow more light

 • Plan may be inspired by

shell or organic elements

Church Of The Immaculate Heart Of Mary, Quezon City

 Contemporary Responses to • Very open all around the

SUN sides

Stella Maris, Misibis Bay, Albay

https://www.inspirock.com/philippines/antipolo-city/parish-of-the-immaculate-heart-of-mary-a1466474131
 Contemporary Responses to • Extended overhangs reduce glare and
SUN heat inside inspired by Magellan’s hat

Sto Nino de Cebu - Mactan Parish

http://wikimapia.org/30632892/Sto-
Ni%C3%B1o-de-Cebu-Mactan-Parish#/
photo/4724983
https://philippinetravelnotes.blogspot.com/2011/03/mactan-parish-magellans-hat.html
Contemporary Responses to • opening above sanctuary
SUN • Dramatic play of light in the altar creating focus
and symbolic of the light of God
• Glass windows on the overhead roof
• Allow much light inside

Church of Gesu

 Contemporary Responses to • high ceiling

WIND • allow hot air to rise
• upper wall passages
• suck out hot air from below
• large windows, with louvers or glass
• control breeze that enters
• orientation
• to catch breeze, the windows are oriented
northeast & southwest
• division of spaces
• private and interior spaces are more protected
from wind
• public spaces are less protected from wind

Contemporary Responses to • large windows, with louvers or glass

WIND • control breeze that enters

Church of Gesu

 Contemporary Responses to • High-pitched roof

WATER • fast removal of water on the roof
• Protect interiors from rain

Monastery of Trans

Contemporary Responses to
WATER • collects water and make it a landscape feature

Contemporary Responses to • covered drop-off

WATER • People going down a vehicle can stay dry even
when raining
• covered walkway
• people walking towards or from another structure
Madre de Dios Chapel
will be protected from the rain

Madre de Dios Chapel

 Contemporary Responses to • outdoor gardens

VEGETATION • wide variety of vegetation
• plants make up a cool outdoors
• tropical low bushes become common
Sto. Domingo Church • trees provide shade even in courtyards
• indoor plants
• give cooler interiors
• division of spaces
• outdoor spaces characterized by lush vegetation
• indoor spaces use less plants usually in pots for
decoration and to have a feel of the outdoors
indoors
• Motifs of plants in the design of altar & chairs
Trans

 Contemporary Responses to
VEGETATION • wide variety of vegetation
• plants make up a cool outdoors
• tropical low bushes become common
• trees provide shade even in courtyards
• indoor plants
• give cooler interiors
• division of spaces
• outdoor spaces characterized by lush vegetation
• indoor spaces use less plants usually in pots for
decoration and to have a feel of the outdoors
indoors
• Motifs of plants in the design of altar & chairs

Contemporary Responses to • greenhouse

VEGETATION • the building envelope is made up of metal mesh to
create a trellised roof covered with vines

 Contemporary Responses to • Reinforced concrete

MATERIALS • for exterior walls
• division of spaces
• private and interior spaces covered with more
Sto. Domingo Church, materials
• public space less materials used

 Contemporary Responses to
MATERIALS for ceiling, roof, seats, oors
•
• division of spaces
• public space no materials for walls used
Nature’s Church Mary Immaculate
Parish Church, Las Pinas

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Contemporary Responses to • Native or locally available, organic materials

MATERIALS • for ceiling, roof, seats, oors
• division of spaces
• public space no materials for walls used

Nature’s Church Mary Immaculate

Parish Church, Las Pinas

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 Contemporary Responses to • Native or locally available, organic materials

MATERIALS • for ceiling, roof, seats, oors
• division of spaces
• public space no materials for walls used

Holy Family Chapel, Tagaytay City

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 Contemporary Responses to • wood

MATERIALS • for ceiling, seats

Monastery of Trans

 oatingrestaurant
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CLARK QUAY @ Singapore

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 76
CLARK QUAY @ Singapore

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 77
CLARK QUAY @ Singapore

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 78
CLARK QUAY @ Singapore

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 79
CLARK QUAY @ Singapore

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 80
MERCADO DEL LAGO @ Taguig City

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 81
MERCADO DEL LAGO @ Taguig City

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 82
MERCADO DEL LAGO @ Taguig City

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 83
MERCADO DEL LAGO @ Taguig City

UST ARCHITECTURE > TROPICAL DESIGN > GRACE E. SERVINO > geservino@ust.edu.ph 84
 TROPICAL DESIGN
FOR VARIOUS PROJECT TYPES
S I T E P L A N N I N G & B U I L D I N G D E S I G N

GRACE E. SERVINO
g eserv ino@ust.edu.ph
 OPT IMUM DAYLIGHT ING
OPT IMUM VENTILATION
DESIGN THERMAL COMFORT
STRATEGIES WAT ER MANAGEMENT
DESIGN
FOR THECONSIDERATIONS HUMIDITY CONTROL
FOR THE TROPICS
TROPICS ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SITE PLANNING & BUILDING DESIGN
RESILIENCY
SITE PLANNING &
BUILDING DESIGN LOCAL RESOURCE APPLICATION
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
BIODIVERSITY PROMOT ION
SCENIC QUALITY & VISIBILITY
HAZARD REDUCT ION
 LET LIGHT
CATCH WIND
KEEP COOL
CAPTURE RAIN
DESIGN STRATEGIES STAY DRY
FOR THE TROPICS GET UNLI
SITE PLANNING & BUILDING DESIGN
BE RESILIENT
GO LOCAL
PROPEL ACT ION
GROW GRE EN
CREATE VIEW
CONTROL FIRE

MIXED USE BUILDING
used for more than one
occupancy (NBCP)
involving assemblage for
refers to 2 or more classes
of occupancies occurring/
located/situated/existing
in the same building and/
or structures so
intermingled that
separate safeguards are
impracticable. (FCP)
HOSPITALS & OTHER
SCHOOL BUILDING RESIDENTIAL DWELLINGS
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
buildings used for structure for exclusive Institutional spaces
day-care purposes, use of single family designed for the
occupants restoration of human
instruction and (NBCP) health & wellness
education promotion by
addressing the
(NBCP)
physical, psychological,
social and spiritual
needs of the people

 CONVENTION
LITURGICAL BUILDINGS RESTAURANT HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
CENTER
designed structures buildings used for public establishment Buildings which are
day-care purposes, where meals are served usually more than 7
for public
involving assemblage for to paying customers for stories and would
communion with the consumption on the need an elevator or lift
instruction and
divine being education premises to access upper floors
together with a (NBCP)
community of
believers



LET LIGHT
 HOW DO WE OPTIMIZE OUR DAYLIGHT?
THE PHILIPPINES, BEING IN THE TROPICS HAS AN ABUNDANCE OF
DAYLIGHT USUALLY 12 HOURS A DAY FROM 6AM-6PM.
WE HAVE THE MOST SUNNY DAYS IN APRIL AND MOST CLOUDY
DAYS IN AUGUST
LET LIGHT

NORTH

AFTERNOON SUN @WEST MORNING SUN @EAST

SOUTH

 CREATE NATURAL LIGHT & VENTILATION SHAFT AT CORE

DAYLIGHT

MINIMUM
HORIZONTAL
CLEARANCE: 3.0M
LET LIGHT

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

 APPLY INCREMENTAL SETBACKS TO LET IN LIGHT ON ALL LEVELS

DAYLIGHT
LET LIGHT

LINE OF MAXIMUM
PHILIPPINE SOLAR
ANGLE TO FORM
ANGULAR PLANE TO
ESTABLISH
OUTERMOST FACES
OF BUILDING (OFB)
AND INCREMENTAL
SETBACKS FROM
RROW CENTER: 65.5O
NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
 APPLY BASEMENT MINIMUM CLEARANCE
BASEMENT MINIMUM
CLEARANCE: 3.0M
HIGH FROM FINISHED
GRADE LINE X 1.40M
FROM FACE OF
BUILDING
LET LIGHT

NATIONAL BUILDING CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

 SLIGHTLY ELEVATE BASEMENT FOR OPENING

OPENING OPENING
LET LIGHT

OPENING OPENING
DAYLIGHT
NATURAL FIRST FLOOR
PWD RAMP
GRADE
OPENING
LINE
NGL

BASEMENT

SECTION OF BUILDING WITH BASEMENT

 CREATE OPENING ABOVE BASEMENT

DAYLIGHT
LET LIGHT

BUILDING
FIRST FLOOR OPENING
NATURAL PWD RAMP NGL
GROUND
LINE

BASEMENT

SECTION OF BUILDING WITH BASEMENT

 PROVIDE LIGHT TUBES AT THE ROOF

LET LIGHT
 PLACE LIVING SPACES (LIVING ROOMS, DINING AREA, KITCHEN,BEDROOMS) ADJACENT TO LARGE
OPENINGS
LET LIGHT

h ps://1euphoria.com/1-bedroom-type-a/

DAYLIGHT DAYLIGHT
h ps://1euphoria.com/1-bedroom-type-a/
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 MAXIMIZE LARGE WINDOW OPENINGS AT CORNER SPACES
LET LIGHT

h ps://1euphoria.com/1-bedroom-type-a/ DAYLIGHT
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 ADD LIGHTWELLS ON ROOF
LET LIGHT

DAYLIGHT

https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-circular-lightwells-on-sloping-concrete-roof-with-original-
main-building-85509444.html
 REDUCE INTERIOR PARTITIONS; CREATE OPEN PLAN LAYOUT;
USE TRANSPARENT/TRANSLUCENT WALLS / PARTITIONS
LET LIGHT

https://www.squarefoot.com/leasopedia/of ce-space-layout-planning-tips/
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 ADD LOUVERS ON WALLS OR OVERHEAD TO CONTROL LIGHT

LET LIGHT

https://decorathing.com/architecture/60-amazing-building-
facade-you-have-to-see/ http://www.storyofus.com.sg/works.html
 USE SKYLIGHTS TO LET LIGHT FROM ABOVE
LET LIGHT

http://www.dilekci.com/portfolio-item/durmus-dilekci-bahriye-ucok-kindergarten/

The tropical hut like roof brings light in through an opening on top and folded skylights with PV
panels take in the north light and also uses sunlight to produce electricity
 CONTROL LIGHT IN ON THE SIDES
LET LIGHT

The origami-like facade of the classrooms are designed to break the sunlight coming directly
from the south and ver cal ns on the openings allow light to be manipulated
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 PLACE LESS LIGHT INTENSIVE AREAS AT THE BASEMENT: SLEEPING
AREAS, DARK ROOMS, THEATER, PARKING
LET LIGHT

h ps://cadbull.com/detail/79597/basement-parking-service-building-detail-cad- le

h ps://infograph.venngage.com/p/60444/underground-parking
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 PLAY WITH LIGHT & SHADOW USING PERFORATED PANELS
LET LIGHT

https://aasarchitecture.com/2013/08/municipal-of ces-of-the-lacq-region-by-gilles-bouchez-architecture.html/
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 CONTROL DAYLIGHT WITH ADJUSTABLE PANELS AS SUNSCREENS
LET LIGHT

https://www.architonic.com/en/project/ernst-giselbrecht-partner-dynamic-facade-kiefer-technic-
showroom/5100449
 ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN ATRIUMS
LET LIGHT
 ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN HIGH-CEILINGED SKY GARDENS
LET LIGHT
 ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN WITH HIGH CEILING
LET LIGHT
 ALLOW MORE LIGHT IN WITH LARGE GLASS DOORS
LET LIGHT

https://www.remodeling.hw.net/products/windows/open-wider-with-large-format-windows-doors_o
CATCH WIND
 WIND DIRECTION
TYPES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

NE MONSOON

SW MONSOON
CATCH WIND

SOUTHWEST MONSOON (HABAGAT)

ORIGIN: WEST/ SOUTHWEST
CHARACTERISTICS: WARM & HUMID
EFFECTS: CUMULOUS CLOUDS & HEAVY RAINS

NORTHEAST MONSOON (AMIHAN)

ORIGIN: EASTERN
CHARACTERISTICS: COOL & DRY
EFFECTS: CIRRUS CLOUDS, LIGHT RAINS & COLD WEATHER

 AVOID SMALL WINDOWS FOR ROOMS WITH HIGH OCCUPANCY

CATCH WIND

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_furnishings_of_the_habitable_room_inmates_in_Auschwitz_I_from_1941_(9304625547).jpg
 PROVIDE LARGE FENESTRATIONS ESPECIALLY ORIENTED ON THE NORTHEAST / SOUTHWEST
CATCH WIND
 PROVIDE WINDOWS IN EVERY HABITABLE ROOM
CATCH WIND

WINDOW AREA 1.0 M 2

10% ROOM TFA

LIVING / DINING / KITCHEN / OFFICE ROOM / LOBBY

1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with ar cial ven la on system, shall be provided
with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of the oor
area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

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 PROVIDE WINDOWS IN EVERY HABITABLE ROOM
CATCH WIND

WINDOW AREA 1.0 M 2

10% ROOM TFA

LIVING / DINING / KITCHEN / OFFICE ROOM / LOBBY

1. Rooms intended for any use, not provided with ar cial ven la on system, shall be provided
with a window or windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least 10% of the oor
area of the room, provided that such opening shall be not less than 1.00 sq. meter.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

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 PROVIDE WINDOWS IN EVERY HABITABLE ROOM
CATCH WIND

WINDOW AREA 240 MM 2

5% ROOM TFA

T&B / LAUNDRY / UTILITY ROOM

2. Toilet and bath rooms, laundry rooms and similar rooms shall be provided with window or
windows with an area not less than 1/20 of the oor area of such rooms, provided that such
opening shall not be less than 240 sq. millimeters. Such window or windows shall open directly to
a court, yard, public street or alley, or open watercourse.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

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 WINDOWS SHOULD FACE OUTWARDS TO AN OPEN SPACE

CEILING HT. 65%

2.70 M UNOBSTRUCTED
CATCH WIND

INDOOR SPACE
ROOFED PORCH

COURT / YARD / STREET /

ALLEY / OPEN WATERCOURSE

2. Required windows may open into a roofed porch where the

porch:
A. Abuts a court, yard, public street or alley, or open watercourse
and other public open spaces;
B. Has a ceiling height of not less than 2.70 meters;
C. Has one of the longer sides at least 65% open and unobstructed.

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

 APPLY SETBACKS AROUND THE BUILDING;

EAVES, CANOPIES OR AWNINGS OVER WINDOWS SHOULD NOT EXTEND TO THE PROPERTY LINES

750 MM EAVE / CANOPY

SIDE / REAR PROPERTY LINES
CATCH WIND

CEILING HT. 65%

2.70 M UNOBSTRUCTED

INDOOR SPACE

3. Eaves, canopies, awnings (or media agua) over required windows shall not be less than 750
millimeters from the side and rear property lines.
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

 PROVIDE AIR SPACE PER PERSON FOR ADEQUATE VENTILATION

Minimum Air Space Requirements in

Determining the Size of Rooms (NBCP):
1. School Rooms – 3.00 cubic meters with 1.00 square
meter of oor area per person;
2. Workshops, Factories, and O ces – 12.00 cubic
meters of air space per person;
3. Habitable rooms – 14.00 cubic meters of air space
CATCH WIND

per person.



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 USE PERFORATED BRICKS

CATCH WIND

https://www.archdaily.com/799919/grid-house-bloco-arquitetos
 ADD WIND SCOOPS / WIND CATCHERS
CATCH WIND

FACING THE OPENING TOWARDS PREVAILING WINDS: ALLOWS EVAPORATIVE

COOLING

FACING THE OPENING AWAY FROM THE PREVAILING WINDS: WARM AIR IS DRAWN
INTO THE CHANNEL, FLOWS INTO THE BUILDING AND OUT THE TOWER

IN WINDLESS ENVIRONMENT: ACTS AS A SOLAR CHIMNEY WHERE WARMER, LESS

DENSE AIR RISE UP AND OUT OF THE TOWER

https://sites.google.com/site/ae390hvacvariety2011/wind-scoops

 USE OPERABLE WINDOWS OR BALCONY DOOR

CATCH WIND

https://www.freeliteaz.com/products/windows.php

https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Window

OPERABLE WINDOWS OR BALCONY

DOOR SHALL BE PROVIDED IN
REGULARLY OCCUPIED SPACES https://www.ykkap.com/commercial/performance-
product-lines/protek/hurricane-mitigation/protek-
PHILIPPINE GREEN BUILDING CODE hurricane-resistant-products-overview/
 INCORPORATE WINDOWS THAT TRANSFORM AS BALCONY
CATCH WIND

https://inhabitat.com/fakros-innovative-windows-transform-into-an-airy-rooftop-balcony/fakro-balcony-window6
 INCORPORATE WIDE OPERABLE (ACCORDION TYPE) WINDOWS
CATCH WIND

https://inhabitat.com/fakros-innovative-windows-transform-into-an-airy-rooftop-balcony/fakro-balcony-window6
 GO FOR OUTDOOR DINING OR AL FRESCO
CATCH WIND

https://theownerbuildernetwork.co/ideas-for-your-rooms/dining/outdoor-dining/
2e1ebec034385453bc476e676edc6c76/
 GO FOR OUTDOOR DINING OR AL FRESCO
CATCH WIND

https://www.klook.com/en-PH/blog/tagaytay-restaurants/
 GO FOR OUTDOOR DINING OR AL FRESCO
CATCH WIND

https://www.klook.com/en-PH/blog/tagaytay-restaurants/
 GO FOR GARDEN DINING
CATCH WIND

https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/175218241722594730/
 MORE GREENERIES AROUND & LARGE OPENINGS
CATCH WIND

https://www.antipolobeehouse.com/burrow-cafe/reservations

https://www.klook.com/en-PH/blog/antipolo-restaurants-cafes/
 GO FOR ROOFDECK DINING, SKY BAR OR SKY LOUNGE
CATCH WIND

Fire

https://ph.phonebooky.com/blog/restaurants-with-views/
 ve Pressure) - from DAN LICHAUCO’S FB post
If you want to isolate yourselves from your family because you have some sort of symptom
1. Open window of room, turn o aircon every me you open the door
2. Put fans outside room facing the door. Turn on fans and open window every me you have to get food or people in or out of the room.
3. Put dishes in a bucket with bleach solu on before sending out. Bag sheets or soak also in bleach solu on before sending out. Bag the used ssue
DO NOT TOUCH THE OUTSIDE DOOR KNOB
When sleeping, keep the aircon in low and open a window slightly so the air from your room does not enter the other rooms.
Best rooms to isolate are the ones with a ached toilets
IF NO AIR-CON, ANOTHER FAN INSIDE FACING THE OPEN WINDOWS
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• apply dayligh ng
• reduce interior par ons
• create open plan layout
• use clear, transparent or frosted materials as walls
• slightly elevate basement to have some openings
• create openings on the basement exterior

GO GREEN
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 PHILIPPINES Biodiversity Facts

1 of 18 mega-biodiverse countries of the world, containing two-thirds of the earth’s
biodiversity and between 70% and 80% of the world’s plant and animal species.
5th in the number of plant species and maintains 5% of the world’s ora
Species endemism is very high, covering at least 25 genera of plants and 49% of terrestrial
wildlife, while the country ranks fourth in bird endemism.
GROW GREENS

1 of the world’s biodiversity hotspots with at least 700 threatened species, thus making it one
of the top global conserva on areas.
The na onal list of threatened faunal species was established in 2004 and includes 42 species
of land mammals, 127 species of birds, 24 species of rep les and 14 species of amphibians. In
terms of shes, the Philippines counts at least 3,214 species, of which about 121 are endemic
and 76 threatened.
In 2007, an administra ve order issued by the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources established a na onal list of threatened plant species, indica ng that 99 species
were cri cally endangered, 187 were endangered, 176 vulnerable as well as 64 other
threatened species.

- h ps://www.cbd.int/countries/pro le/?country=ph
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 REFRAIN FROM BUILDING ON GREENFIELD OR UNDEVELOPED LAND

GROW GREENS

https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/In-Bukidnon-You-Can-Have-It-All
 INTEGRATE EXISTING TREES & OTHER PLANTS TO NEW DEVELOPMENT
GROW GREENS
 INTEGRATE NEW TREES & OTHER PLANTS IN THE LOT TO PROVIDE SHADE ON THE SUNNY SIDE
GROW GREENS

N
 FILL SETBACKS WITH PLANTS
PUT GREENERIES AT LEAST 50% OF REQUIRED UNPAVED SURFACE AREA (USA)
GROW GREENS

Ho, Kim Hin (2020). Greening The Urban Habitat: A Quantitative And Empirical Approach

 ADD SHADE TREES IN CARPARKS

https://hubpages.com/education/
Designing-Parking-Lots
GROW GREENS
 COVER PARKING SLOTS WITH TRELLISES
3 things to consider when
selec
GROW GREENS

A trellis is an architectural structure, usually made from an open framework or lattice of interwoven or intersecting pieces of wood,
bamboo or metal that is normally made to support and display climbing plants, especially shrubs.
 ce/hedge-elements/

https://growupgreenwalls.com/blogs/
growupdates/8-reasons-not-to-get-a-
green-wall
fi
 HANG GREENERIES ON BALCONIES OR RAILINGS
GROW GREENS

https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/perforated-brick/
 PLANT ON THE BUILDING ENVELOPE: BALCONIES
GROW GREENS

https://www.bworldonline.com/national-artist-for-architecture-francisco-bobby-maosa-88/
 PLANT IN COURTYARDS, LIGHTWELLS, ATRIUMS
GROW GREENS

https://www.dotproperty.com.ph/2-bedroom-condo-for-sale-in-the-orabella-cubao-metro-manila_4695319
 ELEVATE PLANTS ON HIGH-RISE THROUGH SKY GARDENS
GROW GREENS

https://megaworldluxuryresidences.wordpress.com/2014/04/29/the-uptown-parksuites-3/
 ELEVATE PLANTS ON HIGH-RISE THROUGH SKY GARDENS
GROW GREENS

https://megaworldluxuryresidences.wordpress.com/2014/04/29/the-uptown-parksuites-3/
 ELEVATE PLANTS ON HIGH-RISE - SKY GARDENS/PATIOS
GROW GREENS

https://getdmci.com/dmci-homes-boosts-quezon-city-manila-condo-market-with-4-projects/
 CREATE ATRIUMS THAT ALLOW NATURAL LIGHT IN FOR PLANTS
GROW GREENS

https://www.dmcihomes.com/la-verti-residences
 CREATE ATRIUMS THAT ALLOW NATURAL LIGHT IN FOR PLANTS
GROW GREENS

https://www.dmcihomes.com/la-verti-residences
 CREATE SKY LOUNGES
GROW GREENS

https://getdmci.com/dmci-homes-boosts-quezon-city-manila-condo-market-with-4-projects/
 CREATE GREEN ROOFS
GROW GREENS
 PLANT IN THE WORKPLACE
GROW GREENS

https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/industry/openads-of ce-greenhouse-freshens-up-the-
workplace/
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 COMBINE NATURE WITH WORKSPACES
GROW GREENS

https://www.makaan.com/iq/real-estate-trends/pasona-groups-of ce-in-tokyo-is-an-urban-farm-amid-neon-lights
fi
 INTEGRATE EDIBLE GARDENS OR ROOFTOP FARMS
GROW GREENS

https://www.igrow.news/igrownews/space-crunch-in-cities-how-rooftop-farming-is-becoming-more-than-just-a-trend
 INTEGRATE EDIBLE GARDENS OR ROOFTOP FARMS
GROW GREENS

Eldorado Shopping Mall in Sao Paulo, Brazil uses food waste to grow vegetables on a roo
https://www.thecivilengineer.org/news-center/latest-news/item/1150-shopping-mall-in-brazil-recycles-all-food-waste-by-growing-
vegetables-on-its-roof
 sh farming) and hydroponics (growing plants in a nutrient solution) - https://
gogreenaquaponics.com/blogs/news/ultimate-aquaponics-beginners-guide
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 GROW EDIBLE FRUIT TREES IN THE PARK
GROW GREENS

ARATILIS (MUNTINGIA CALABURA) PROVIDE ATTRACTIVE FRUITS FOR KIDS & PARTIAL SHADE IN THE PARK (SINGAPORE)
 CREATE COOL PIT STOPS / ACTIVITY SPOTS UNDER THE TREES
GROW GREENS

NETS ARE INEXPENSIVE RESTING SPOTS AND PROMOTE ACTIVE PLAY

 ALLOW NATURAL PLANT GROWTH ON BUILDINGS
GROW GREENS

PLANTS CAN EITHER PROTECT & BECOME PART OF THE STRUCTURE OR DESTROY IT
KEEP COOL
 WHAT DO WE KNOW?
KEEP COOL Philippine temperature: 22°C (January) - 34°C (May)

 how to reduce heat gain from these 5 sources

solar heat absorbed on building surfaces

2 and conducted through walls/ceilings

1
KEEP COOL

direct solar heat

through windows

5 Ligh ng and
equipment producing
2 waste heat
Warm outdoor air
in ltra ng the space 4 People
and brought in via
ven la on
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 how to reduce heat gain from these 5 sources

2 install roof insula on or green roofs

install low-e glass,

1 light shelves,
KEEP COOL

louvers ,
overhangs,
balconies or plant
screens use LED lights instead
5
of incandescent or
2 uorescent bulbs
ll outdoors with plants
allot more
or other shade elements
4 space per
person
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 PLACE WOODEN LOUVERS ON SIDE FACING SUN DIRECTLY
KEEP COOL

https://inhabitat.com/natural-japanese-cedar-keeps-the-louver-haus-in-south-korea-cool-and-
private/louver-house-smart-architecture-lead-2
 PROVIDE HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL SUNSHADES
KEEP COOL

https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/
collections/louvers/
https://awv.com/blog/louver-design
 INSTALL ROLL-UP BLINDS
KEEP COOL

https://www.subtilitas.site/post/174863092594/l%C3%B3pez-rivera-arquitectes-18-social-housing
 CREATE MULTILEVEL TERRACES OR OVERHANGS AROUND
KEEP COOL

https://www.caandesign.com/beirut-terraces-herzog-de-meuron-modern-multilayered-119-metre-tall-building-many-terraces-
overhangs/
 CREATE MULTILEVEL TERRACES OR OVERHANGS AROUND
KEEP COOL

https://decorathing.com/architecture/60-amazing-building-facade-you-have-to-see/
 USE LOW E-GLASS OR DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS

LOW EMISSIVITY GLASS

DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS
REDUCE ULTRAVIOLET &
CAPTURE SOLAR HEAT
INFRARED LIGHT BUT NOT
BETWEEN PANELS
VISIBLE LIGHT
KEEP COOL

SUMMER HEAT
REFLECTED OUT VISIBLE LIGHT
PASSES THROUGH

WINDER HEAT
ULTRAVIOLET REFLECTED BACK
LIGHT INSIDE
REFLECTED OUT

https://
www.replacementwindowsfordummies.com/
articles/double-glazed-windows-advantages-
and-disadvantages
 USE MESH AS OUTER LAYER

DOUBLE SKIN: GLASS WALL & CERAMIC-FABRIC (FLEXBRICK) INSERTED IN BRAIDED STEEL BARS
KEEP COOL

https://www.archdaily.com/778821/cultural-center-la-gota-tabacoo-museum-losada-garcia
 RELEASE HEAT FROM THE BASEMENT WITH SMALL OPENINGS
KEEP COOL

https://www.researchgate.net/ gure/Schematic-of-the-combined-natural-ventilation-system-with-Trombe-wall-and-
basement_ g12_305452472
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 USE MATERIALS WITH LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
KEEP COOL

https://www.doityourself.com/stry/how-to- x-a-leak-on-a-clay-tile-roof
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 PROVIDE ROOF INSULATION WITH HIGH THERMAL RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE VALUE OF COMMON ROOF INSULATION

POLYISOCYANURATE
INSULATION FOAM
KEEP COOL

RESISTANCE VALUE
SHOULD BE
>8

CAPTURE RAIN
 HOW’S THE RAINFALL IN THE TROPICS?
CAPTURE RAIN
 HOW’S THE RAINFALL IN THE PHILIPPINES?

AMOUNT OF RAINFALL
CAPTURE RAIN

TYPES JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

II

III

IV

DRY
WET
MORE WET

 DIRECT RUNOFF TO LOW AREAS, CREATE LAGOONS AS STORMWATER COLLECTOR; USE NATURAL
TRENCHES TO DIRECT RUNOFF
CAPTURE RAIN

https://primer.com.ph/feature/2018/09/05/primergoesto-nuvali-paseo-de-santa-rosa/
 ADD BIOSWALES OR BIORETENTION AREAS TO FILTER RUNOFF
CAPTURE RAIN

https://www.susdrain.org/delivering-suds/using-suds/suds-components/ ltration/ ltration.html

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 RAINWATER COLLECTING BARRELS
CAPTURE RAIN
 DIRECT RAIN FLOW THROUGH RAIN CHAINS
CAPTURE RAIN

http://trendydiy.com/brilliant-ideas-diy-rain-chains-beginners/diy-rain-chains-7/
 DIRECT RAINWATER TO GROUND THROUGH PERMEABLE PAVERS
CAPTURE RAIN

https://masseolandscape.com/permeable-pavers-video-demo/

https://mygreenmontgomery.org/2016/permeable-pavers-curb-pollution/
 INTEGRATE BIOSWALE / GREEN CORRIDORS / VEGETATED CANALS

RAIN RAIN RAIN

PAVEMENT
PLANTED
CAPTURE RAIN

GROUND/ LOOSE
SOIL /GRAVEL

WALKWAY ROAD WALKWAY

ROAD

GREEN
GREEN CORRIDOR GREEN
CORRIDOR CORRIDOR
green corridors /bioswale serve as detention canal to direct floodwater; pervious surfaces allow some stormwater to
percolate directly to the ground; use plants that can withstand temporary ponding

LANDSCAPE UTILITIES > DRAINAGE > BIOSWALE

 INSTALL CONSTRUCTED WETLAND TO FILTER WATER

CAPTURE RAIN

https://waterpuri cationengineering.weebly.com/constructed-wetlands.html
fi
 FILTER WATER WITH VERTICAL GARDEN
CAPTURE RAIN
 ADD RESERVOIR BELOW GARDEN
CAPTURE RAIN
THE RELATIVE HUMIDITY TYPICALLY RANGES FROM 51% (MILDLY HUMID) TO 97% (VERY HUMID).
THE AIR IS DRIEST IN APRIL AND MOST HUMID IN AUGUST.

AVERAGE PRECIPITATION AMOUNT 


(BAGONG PAG-ASA, QUEZON CITY)

https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/bagong-pagasa_philippines_1966336; retrieved: September 4, 2018

 LARGE OVERHANGS/BALCONIES PROTECT INTERIORS FROM RAIN

STAY DRY

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overhang_(architecture)
 PROVIDE MOISTURE PROTECTION FOR BUILDING ENCLOSURE
STAY DRY

RAINSCREEN SYSTEMS - THE ATTACHMENT OF AN OUTER SKIN OR A FORM OF DOUBLE-WALL

CONSTRUCTION THAT USES AN OUTER LAYER TO KEEP OUT THE RAIN AND AN INNER LAYER TO
PROVIDE THERMAL INSULATION
https://www.buildingenclosureonline.com/articles/86263-rainscreen-systems-provide-superior-moisture-protection
 PROVIDE WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE ON ROOFDECK
STAY DRY

https://www.okorder.com/p/epdm-waterproo ng-membrane-for-wooden-house_1031629.html
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 ADD WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE FOR GREENROOF
STAY DRY

https://www.nps.gov/tps/sustainability/new-technology/green-roofs/de ne.htm
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CONTROL FIRE
 WHAT CAN CAUSE FIRE IN THE PHILIPPINES?

MOST FIRE INCIDENTS HAPPEN IN THE HOTTEST MONTHS

MARCH - 1 OF THE HOTTEST & DRIEST MONTHS IN THE COUNTRY, IS DESIGNATED AS FIRE PREVENTION MONTH

TOP 3 CAUSES OF FIRES:

CONTROL FIRE

• ELECTRICAL CONNECTION

• LIGHTED CIGARETTE BUTT

• OPEN FLAME

HIGH TEMPERATURES AND SEVERE DROUGHT CAN FUEL MASSIVE FIRES

 PROVIDE AT LEAST 2 MEANS OF EGRESS

CONTROL FIRE

OCCUPANT LOAD MINIMUM # OF EXITS

1-500 2

501-1000 3

>1000 4

(FCP)
 DESIGN CORRIDORS TO BE SHORT, SIMPLE & HIGHLY ACCESSIBLE
CONTROL FIRE

CORRIDOR

h p://www.mzarchitects.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/meansofegresspresenta on.pdf

Corridors shall provide exit access without passing through any

intervening rooms other than corridors, lobbies, and other spaces
permi ed to be open to the corridor (FCP)
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 TRAVEL DISTANCE TO EXIT SHOULD BE SHORT
CONTROL FIRE

CORRIDOR

h p://www.mzarchitects.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/meansofegresspresenta on.pdf

In case of individual rooms </= 6 persons, distance to exits shall be

measured from the oors of such rooms provided the path of travel
from any point in the room to the room door </= 15 m (FCP)
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 SHORTEN DEAD END
An exterior way of exit access shall be arranged so that dead-
ends </= 6 m in length (FCP)
CONTROL FIRE

EXIT

EXIT
CORRIDOR

DEAD END
<6M
 PUT NO OPENINGS ON ALL FIREWALLS

FIREWALL
SIDE / REAR PROPERTY LINES
CONTROL FIRE

INDOOR SPACE

There shall absolutely be no openings on/at/within/through all

types of abutments (such as rewalls) erected along property lines
except for permi ed vent wells (NBC)

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

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 CONTAIN FIRE & SMOKE BY COMPARTMENTALIZING BUILDING
CONTROL FIRE WITH FIRE-RESISTING WALLS AND FLOORS

https://usabesco.com/ restop-2/close- re-rated-penetrations-openings

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 PROVIDE ADEQUATE AND UNOBSTRUCTED MEANS OF EGRESS
CONTROL FIRE width of any means of egress =/> 915 mm (FCP)

COMPONENTS OF A MEANS EGRESS

h ps://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/
guide-to-the-ada-standards/chapter-4-accessible-means-of-egress
tt

 ENCLOSE OR PROTECT EVERY VERTICAL EXITS OR OPENINGS

CONTROL FIRE

h ps://www.access-board.gov/guidelines-and-standards/buildings-and-sites/about-the-ada-standards/
guide-to-the-ada-standards/chapter-4-accessible-means-of-egress
Every ver cal way of exit and other ver cal openings between
oors of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected to
a ord reasonable safety of occupants while using exits and to
prevent spread of re, smoke, or fumes through ver cal openings
from oor to oor before occupants have entered exits. (FCP)
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GO LOCAL
 USE LOCALLY AVAILABLE MATERIALS
USE ORGANIC & LESS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
USE WOOD FROM SUSTAINABLE FOREST OR FAST
GROWING TREE SPECIES
SPECIFY RECYCLED MATERIALS
GO LOCAL

https://interaksyon.philstar.com/lifestyle/2017/04/22/67613/japanese-buyers- https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/282394/pinoy-tradition-discipline-
eye-65th-manila-fame-to-prepare-for-2020-tokyo-olympics/ shine-at-manila-fame/story/

 NATIVE MATERIALS AS INTERIOR SPACE DIVIDER

GO LOCAL

https://www.archdaily.com/898049/chuans-kitchen-in nity-nide/5b45ae59f197cc4be4000454-
chuans-kitchen-in nity-nide-photo
fi
fi
 ORGANIC MATERIALS AS DECORATIVE COVERS
GO LOCAL

https://www.archdaily.com/898049/chuans-kitchen-in nity-nide/5b45ae59f197cc4be4000454-
chuans-kitchen-in nity-nide-photo
fi
fi
 SCRAP WOOD STICKS AS STAIRS / DECK RAILING
GO LOCAL

https://awoodrailing.com/products/stair-railings/
 FURNITURE MATERIALS WITH RECYCLED CONTENT
GO LOCAL

BIOPLASTIC BENCH

https://www.archdaily.com/801545/16-materials-every-architect-needs-to-know-and-where-to-learn-about-them
 BRICKS AS SPACE ENCLOSURE
GO LOCAL

https://www.archdaily.com/801545/16-materials-every-architect-needs-to-know-and-where-to-learn-about-them
 BAMBOO FOR LIGHTING AND FURNITURE
GO LOCAL
 BAMBOO FOR LIGHTING AND FURNITURE
GO LOCAL
 BAMBOO AND EARTH FOR ROOF AND WALLS
GO LOCAL

https://www.bamboo-earth-architecture-construction.com/portfolio-item/ydf-school-building/attachment/ydf-school-building-by-clc-156/
 USE LOCALLY ABUNDANT SUPPLY OF RESOURCES
- COCO SHELLS FOR CLADDING
GO LOCAL

http://www.stijlidee.nl/inspiratie-bij-design-district-2014-in-zaandam/

CREATE VIEW
 SCENIC NATURAL LANDFORMS & BUILT FORMS ARE SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE
PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO
CREATE VIEW
 EXPOSE LARGER SIDE OF BUILDINGS TO SCENIC VIEWS

OPTIMIZE BUILDING OPENINGS & CORNERS TO GOOD VIEWS

CREATE FOCAL POINTS OR VISTAS INDOORS & OUTDOORS

ORIENT ACTIVITY SPACES AROUND LARGE OPEN SPACES

CREATE VIEW

OPTIMIZE SCENIC CORRIDORS

ADD MIRRORS TO CREATE ILLUSION OF LARGE SPACES

DO NOT BLOCK VIEW CORRIDORS

VALUE FEATURES WITH HIGH SCENIC QUALITY

 TRANSPARENT MATERIALS AS BUILDING ENVELOPE

CREATE VIEW

GLASS CURTAIN WALL

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 STAIRS AS VIEWING PLATFORMS
CREATE VIEW

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 LATTICE AS PARTITIONS / FURNITURE
CREATE VIEW

STEEL LATTICE PARTITION

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 MESH AS STAIRS RAILING
CREATE VIEW

STAINLESS WIRE MESH

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 OPEN ROOF AS VIEW DECK
CREATE VIEW

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 BALCONY AS VIEW DECK
CREATE VIEW

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 SKY GARDEN TERRACES TO HOLD PLEASANT SCENERY
CREATE VIEW

https://archnet.org/sites/16777/media_contents/121379
 SKY GARDEN TERRACES TO HOLD PLEASANT SCENERY
CREATE VIEW
 INDOOR GARDENS AS SCENIC VIEWS
CREATE VIEW

https://www.safdiearchitects.com/projects/jewel-changi-airport
 INDOOR CORRIDORS OR BRIDGES AS VIEW DECKS
CREATE VIEW

https://www.safdiearchitects.com/projects/jewel-changi-airport
 LARGER SIDE OF BUILDINGS FACE SCENIC VIEWS
CREATE VIEW

https://www.archdaily.com/885791/not-ready-lattice-book-house-scenic-architecture-of ce
fi
 CANTILEVERED BALCONIES FOR OPTIMUM OUTDOOR VIEWING
CREATE VIEW

https://www.archdaily.com/871766/the-garden-eike-becker-architekten
PROPEL ACTION
 DESIGN CORRIDORS THAT DRAW OTHER PURPOSE OR INTEREST TO
INDUCE WALKING
PROPEL ACTION

https://www.bsuh.nhs.uk/connectartsbrighton/wp-content/uploads/sites/11/2018/01/Tameside-
Macmillan-Unit-Jill-Tate-02.jpg
 DESIGN STAIRS AS A WORK OF ART

PROPEL ACTION

https://www.contemporist.com/sculptural-spiral-staircase-in-of ce-building/
fi
 DESIGN PICTURESQUE CORRIDORS

PROPEL ACTION

https://mnltoday.ph/2018/07/24/the-podium-bags-8-philippines-property-awards/?
doing_wp_cron=1581814546.8924260139465332031250
 CREATE HIGHLY ACCESSIBLE SPACES
PROPEL ACTION

https://adata.org/guide/planning-guide-making-temporary-events-accessible-people-disabilities
 DESIGN SIDEWALKS TO BE ACCESSIBLE TO PWD’S
PROPEL ACTION
 USE OUTDOOR SPACES FOR EXERCISE OR ACTIVE PLAY
PROPEL ACTION

https://www.oysterpark.co.uk/galleries/
 ELEVATED GARDENS FOR EASY ACCESS
PROPEL ACTION

https://www.oysterpark.co.uk/galleries/
 PROVIDE RAMPS & HANDRAILS ASIDE FROM STAIRS FOR EASY
MOBILITY
PROPEL ACTION
GET UNLI
 MAXIMIZE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
GET UNLI
 MAXIMIZE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
- PHILIPPINES
GET UNLI

https://www.doe.gov.ph/energy-statistics?q=energy-resources/powermix
 DESIGN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
GET UNLI

OFF-THE-GRID BUILDING - BUILDING TAP ITS OWN RESOURCE &

ENERGY NEEDS ON SITE; IT DOES NOT RELY ON PUBLIC UTILITIES
SUCH AS ELECTRICITY, WATER, DRAINAGE, SEWER SYSTEM

NET ZERO BUILDING / ZERO ENERGY BUILDING - ENERGY USED BY

THE BUILDING PER YEAR EQUATES TO RENEWABLE ENERGY
CREATED ON SITE; APPLIES ENERGY EFFICIENCY

https://www.ecohome.net/guides/off-grid-and-net-zero-housing/
 DESIGN ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
GET UNLI

ZERO CARBON BUILDING - A

HIGHLY ENERGY EFFICIENT
BUILDING THAT PRODUCES
ON SITE, OR PROCURES,
CARBON-FREE RENEWABLE
ENERGY IN AN AMOUNT
SUFFICIENT TO OFFSET THE
ANNUAL CARBON EMISSIONS
ASSOCIATED WITH BUILDING
OPERATIONS

https://www.ecohome.net/guides/1046/cagbcs-zero-carbon-buildings-initiative-explained/
 TAP GREEN, SAFE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES
GET UNLI

NUCLEAR FISSION VS. NUCLEAR FUSION

NUCLEAR FISSION - RADIOACTIVE ATOMS ARE RIPPED APART PRODUCING HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY IN
ADDITION TO NUCLEAR WASTE
NUCLEAR FUSION - WHERE ATOMS LIKE HYDROGEN ARE SMASHED TOGETHER, GIVING OFF HELIUM AND
A HUGE AMOUNT OF ENERGY

https://nypost.com/2018/03/09/scientists-say-the-dream-of-unlimited-clean-energy-is-about-to-
come-true/
 EXPLORE GREEN, SAFE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES
GET UNLI

MAGNETIC TRANSDUCER GENERATOR (MTG)

NUCLEAR FISSION - RADIOACTIVE ATOMS ARE

RIPPED APART PRODUCING HUGE AMOUNT OF
ENERGY IN ADDITION TO NUCLEAR WASTE

https://nypost.com/2018/03/09/scientists-say-the-dream-of-unlimited-clean-energy-is-about-to-
come-true/
 TAP GEOTHERMAL ENERGY WHERE THERE ARE PLENTY
GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS - LARGE INSTALLATIONS BUILT TO
TAP EXTREMELY HIGH HEAT RELATIVELY CLOSE TO THE EARTH’S
SURFACE TO PRODUCE STEAM, WHICH THEN DRIVES A TURBINE,
THUS PRODUCING ELECTRICITY
GET UNLI

1. HOT WATER IS PUMPED FROM DEEP UNDERGROUND THROUGH A WELL UNDER HIGH PRESSURE.
2. WHEN THE WATER REACHES THE SURFACE, THE PRESSURE IS DROPPED, WHICH CAUSES THE WATER TO
TURN INTO STEAM.
3. THE STEAM SPINS A TURBINE, WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A GENERATOR THAT PRODUCES ELECTRICITY.
4. THE STEAM COOLS OFF IN A COOLING TOWER AND CONDENSES BACK TO WATER.
5. THE COOLED WATER IS PUMPED BACK INTO THE EARTH TO BEGIN THE PROCESS AGAIN.
https://archive.epa.gov/climatechange/kids/solutions/technologies/geothermal.html

 TAP GEOTHERMAL ENERGY WHERE THERE ARE PLENTY

GET UNLI

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS - HARNESS ENERGY UNDERGROUND

FOR EFFICIENT HEATING AND COOLING; IT MOVES HEAT TO AND
FROM THE EARTH BY CIRCULATING WATER THROUGH A WELL

https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/going-underground_o
 PROMOTE NATURAL SOLUTIONS

Bioswale:
(1) Dirty and polluted water
from rooftops, roads and
parking lots enter the
bioswale;
(2) Water is slowed down by
various plants and rocks,
pollutants settle out, clean
water in ltrates the soil;
(3) Water enters the perforated
pipe and is slowly
GET UNLI

absorbed into the ground;

(4) Excess stormwater exits the
bioswale and ows through
the pipe into the recipient,
cleaner & reduced then
when it entered reduced.
GREEN VS. GREY INFRASTRUCTURE
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE - ALSO CALLED NATURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, OR
ENGINEERING WITH NATURE, INTENTIONALLY AND STRATEGICALLY PRESERVES,
ENHANCES, OR RESTORES ELEMENTS OF A NATURAL SYSTEM
GREY INFRASTRUCTURE - BUILT STRUCTURES AND MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT,
SUCH AS RESERVOIRS, EMBANKMENTS, PIPES, PUMPS, WATER TREATMENT
PLANTS, AND CANALS.
https://www.researchgate.net/ gure/Bioswale-concept-diagram-1-Dirty-and-polluted-water-
from-rooftops-roads-and-parking_ g1_335219312
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 INSTALL PV PANELS FOR SOLAR ENERGY AND AS PARKING SHADE

GET UNLI

https://www.localecologist.org/2009/10/cooling-parking-lots-trees-face.html
 12
BE RESILIENT
 APPLY RESILIENT DESIGN
BE RESILIENT

RESILIENT DESIGN - “THE INTENTIONAL DESIGN OF BUILDINGS,

LANDSCAPES, COMMUNITIES, AND REGIONS IN RESPONSE TO
VULNERABILITIES TO DISASTER AND DISRUPTION OF NORMAL
LIFE”(RESILIENT DESIGN INSTITUTE)
https://inhabitat.com/resilient-design-is-resilience-the-new-sustainability/
 PROVIDE EMERGENCY EXIT WINDOWS
4. In loca ng window openings it should be borne in mind that in cases of extreme
emergencies windows must serve as emergency egress to vacate the premises or
access for rescue opera ons. Such windows shall meet the following requirements:
a. They can be opened from the inside without the use of any tools;
b. the minimum clear opening shall have a width not less than 820 millimeters and a
height of 1 meter;
c. The bo om of the opening should not be more than 820 millimeters from the
oor;
d. Where storm shu ers, screens or iron grilles are used, these shall be provided with
BE RESILIENT

quick opening mechanism so that they can be readily opened from the inside for
emergency egress and shall be so designed that when opened they will not drop to
the ground;
e. All areas immediately outside a re exit window/grille must be free of obstacles
and must lead to a direct access down into the ground or street level.

UNOBSTRUCTED
UNOBSTRUCTED WINDOW
FIRE EXIT WINDOW HEIGHT.
WINDOW WIDTH
1M 820 MM

INDOOR SPACE 820 MM

GROUND / STREET LEVEL

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BUILDING CODE SECTION 808 - WINDOW OPENINGS

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ti
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 APPLY EARTHQUAKE-PROOF DESIGN

BE RESILIENT

BASE ISOLATION - DECOUPLING THE BASE OF A STRUCTURE FROM

THE REST OF THE BUILDING SO THAT ONLY THE BASE SHAKES
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE WHILE THE SUPERSTRUCTURE REMAINS
INTACT.

https://inhabitat.com/resilient-design-is-resilience-the-new-sustainability/

 MAXIMIZE AIR TIGHTNESS IN BUILDINGS TO AVOID UNWANTED

INFILTRATION: AIR POLLUTANTS, ASHFALL
BE RESILIENT

https://volcanoes.usgs.gov/volcanic_ash/pinatubo_buildings.html

 • BUILD DURABLE ROOF WITH REDUCED OVERHANGS OR EAVES

BE RESILIENT

 • ADD SHUTTERS TO PREVENT GLASS BEING SHATTERED

BE RESILIENT

https://www.esquire.com/news-politics/
a23278682/typhoon-mangkhut-videos-hong-
kong/

https://www.behance.net/gallery/4402439/Edi cio-de-Viviendas-en-la-Ciudad-Vieja-de-A-Coruna
fi
 COVER BUILDING ENVELOPE WITH SECONDARY STRONG
PROTECTIVE COVER
BE RESILIENT

https://www.archdaily.com/71354/diagonal-80-amid-cero9/
 AVOID LONG OVERHANGS/EAVES NOT PROPERLY SECURED
BE RESILIENT

https://www.rappler.com/life-and-style/arts-and-culture/64048-ang-sugo-iglesia-ni-cristo-history-stage
 RECESS OPENINGS WITH EXTENDED, DURABLE OVERHANGS OR BALCONIES
BE RESILIENT

https://www.archdaily.com/769226/concrete-house-matt-gibson-architecture
 DESIGN THICK, STURDY WALLS TO PROTECT INNER CORE
BE RESILIENT

IVATAN HOUSES HAVE WALLS

THAT ARE AT LEAST 0.6
METERS THICK
https://emilielazo.wordpress.com/2014/03/13/the-houses-that-stood-still/
 PROTECT BUILDINGS FROM STRONG WINDS WITH TREES AND
MOUNDS
BE RESILIENT
 PLAYFUL MOUNDS TO REDUCE IMPACT OF TYPHOONS
BE RESILIENT

https://dfc-lots.com/lot-designs/mounds-of-fun
 MINIMIZE LARGE IMPERVIOUS SURFACES TO REDUCE FLOODING
BE RESILIENT

https://www.archdaily.com/871766/the-garden-eike-becker-architekten
 RETAIN & PROTECT NATURAL WATERWAYS OR DRAINAGE SYSTEM
TO AVOID FLOOD DAMAGE
BE RESILIENT
 USE TECHNOLOGY TO AVOID HUMAN CONTACT IN RESTAURANTS
BE RESILIENT
 RETAIN EXISTING TREES & OTHER PLANTS ON SITE FOR STORMWATER ABSORPTION, WIND
BUFFER, SHADE, COOLING
BE RESILIENT
 BE RESILIENT

ORIGAMI SHELTER
BE RESILIENT

AL BAHAR TOWERS, ABU DHABI

 BE RESILIENT

BIODOME AT GARDENS BY THE BAY, SINGAPORE

BE RESILIENT
BE RESILIENT

ONE OCEAN, EXPO PAVILION 2012, SOUTH KOREA

BE RESILIENT
 OPT IMUM DAYLIGHT ING
OPT IMUM VENTILATION
DESIGN THERMAL COMFORT
DESIGN
STRATEGIES WAT ER MANAGEMENT
CONSIDERATIONS
FOR THE HUMIDITY CONTROL
FOR THE TROPICS
TROPICS ENERGY EFFICIENCY
SITE PLANNING & BUILDING DESIGN
RESILIENCY
SITE PLANNING &
BUILDING DESIGN LOCAL RESOURCE APPLICATION
HEALTH AND WELLNESS
BIODIVERSITY PROMOT ION
SCENIC QUALITY & VISIBILITY
HAZARD REDUCT ION
 LET LIGHT
CATCH WIND
KEEP COOL
CAPTURE RAIN
DESIGN STRATEGIES STAY DRY
FOR THE TROPICS GET UNLI
SITE PLANNING & BUILDING DESIGN
BE RESILIENT
GO LOCAL
PROPEL ACT ION
GROW GRE EN
CREATE VIEW
CONTROL FIRE