Ref. No.

: BRC/REP/210342/2021-R3 Date: 08/04/2021

To,
M/s. Larsen & Toubro Limited, Construction.

SUBJECT : SUB- SOIL INVESTIGATION REPORT.

REFERENCE: PROPOSED SITE AT L&T/DFCC/STP-17/ALH-164, HEIGHT:

35M.

Dear Sirs,

With reference to the above referred site investigation, herewith, we are submitting detailed Sub
Soil Investigation Report based on Sub soil exploration, physical and engineering testing of soil
characteristics.

This report is based on one borehole up to 15.45m from ground level. Location of borehole was
selected with client. If any change in strata other than the location of the borehole mentioned in
this report is observed at the time of excavation, it is advisable to contact us immediately for
further investigation.

Thanking you.

Sincerely Yours,

For Bhumi Research Center

Authorized Signatory

Report No. - BRC/REP/210342/2021-R3 dated 08/04/2021

Revision: - -
 REPORT

ON

SUB-SOIL

INVESTIGATION

Name of Work: Proposed Site at L&T/DFCC/STP-17/ALH-164,

Height: 35m.

Name of Client: M/s. Larsen & Toubro Limited, Construction.

Project No.: 210342-R3.

Month: March’ 2021

Tested & Reported By

Bhumi Research Center
(Government Approved Laboratory)
2/1362, “Bhumi House”,
Sagrampura, Opp: Sub Jail,
Ring Road, Surat-395002
Phone: 2363600, 2363700.
 CONTENTS
SR. NO. TITLE SHEET NO.

DISCLAIMER
01 INTRODUCTION 01
02 SITE INFORMATION 02
03 FIELD WORK 02
04 SUB SOIL STRATIFICATION 03
05 ANALYSIS OF DATA 04
06 PILE CAPACITY 07
07 SUMMARY 08
08 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 11
09 TABLES
9.1) FIELD PROGRAM SUMMARY 13
9.2) SUMMARY OF GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS 14
9.3) SHEAR & CONSOLIDATION PARAMETERS 15
9.4) CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOIL 16
10 FIGURES
10.1) LOG OF SPT ‘N’ & ATTERBERG LIMITS 18
10.2) PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION CURVES 19
10.3) CONSOLIDATION CURVE 20
10.4) PROCTOR CURVE 21
10.4) TRIAXIAL TEST CURVE 22
11 BORE LOG OF EXPLORATION 24
12 IS CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL 25
13 REFERENCES/BIBLIOGRAPHY 26
 DISCLAIMER

We have accepted and use the current scenario of geotechnical engineering procedures and
our opinions, recommendations and conclusions are made in accordance with generally
accepted principles and practices of these professions.

The extent of investigation as well as specific exploration locations were decided by the
clients / consultants. The findings and recommendations are further based on the assumption
that the subsurface conditions do not deviate appreciably from those reported and those
assumed.

The contents of this report are using the current accepted principles and practices of
geotechnical engineering and it is valid as of the date of preparation. However, changes in the
condition of the site, properties of subsoil, can occur over time as a result or either natural
processes or human activity. In addition, advancements in the practice of geotechnical
engineering, engineering and changes in applicable practice codes may affect the validity of
this report.

This report has been prepared solely for use by, and is confidential to, the clients and as per
the scope and specification instructed by them verbally or in writing and No other use is
anticipated or authorized by clients. The report shall be used only by the client for the project
and purposes described herein at the locations shown by him and explored by us. We accept
no responsibility for its use by other persons. The finding and recommendations are valid
when the onsite and offsite conditions affecting the structures in project are not changed due
to the actions of man or nature.

Our investigation Report does not include the evaluation or assessment of any potential
environmental hazards or groundwater contamination that may be present. Soil being natural
heterogeneous material, any deviation observed during execution shall be reported to us for
further investigation.
 Abbreviations / Notations used in this Report
BH Borehole
D/S Disturbed Sample
UDS Undisturbed Sample
S Standard Penetration Test/ Sample
Direct Shear test on specimen remolded @ 100 % FDD and
DS
submerged for 24 hrs saturation,
Tuu Triaxial compression ( Unconsolidation Undrained condition)
SMC Saturated Moisture Content
NMC Natural Moisture Content
LL Liquid Limit
NP Non Plastic Nature
PL Plastic Limit
IP Plasticity Index
N.O. Not Observed
D Dense strata
M Medium dense strata
Vl Very loose strata
Sc Soft consistency
Mc Medium consistency
Vs Very Stiff consistency
Vd Very Dense strata
H Hard Strata/Consistency
FG Fine Grain
MG Medium Grain
CG Coarse Grain
FDD Field Dry Density
FMC Field Moisture Content
TNP Test Not Possible/Performed
QNS Quantity of Sample is not sufficient
 REPORT ON SUB SOIL EXPLORATION
1.0 INTRODUCTION:
The investigation of the site is an essential prerequisite to the construction of all civil engineering
works with a view to assess the general suitability of the site for the proposed new works and to
enable in preparing an adequate and economic design.
In particular, it is necessary to assess the changes that may occur during or after the construction
of structure due to the choice of materials or methods of construction, which may adversely affect
safety of structure or after its performance or utility.
It is usually judicious to collect information relating to the site prior to commencing its
exploration. The exploration of the site for an important structure requires the exploration and
sampling of all strata likely to be significantly affected by the structural load. The extent of this
exploration will depend on the site and structure.
All structures rest on the foundation soil and their performance depends on soil behavior. Soil
forms the most widely used material of construction of earth dams, roads and canals. To study the
behavior of soil in foundation or earthwork engineering, properties of soil under the actual field
conditions have to be obtained.
Soil mechanics is the application of the laws of mechanics and hydraulics to engineering
problems dealing with sediments and other unconsolidated accumulation of solid particles
produced by the mechanical and chemical disintegration of rocks, regardless of whether or not
they contain an admixture of organic constituent.
Soil exploration provides the detailed sub soil conditions such as Stratification, Hardness &
Denseness of the strata, Water table level, Compressibility, Soil stability, Stress analysis,
Shearing resistance & Failure analysis.
This complete report is very much useful for …

Calculation of Safe Bearing Capacity (SBC) of the soil,

The Estimation & provision of the ground water table level in design of foundation and if
needed to decide upon the method to solve the ground water problem,

The Economical optimization of foundation design,

The Foundation settlement analysis & to provide provision for the same in design,

To check the probability of Liquefaction of the soil,
Bhumi Research Center, Surat was entrusted by client, for carrying out subsoil investigation
of proposed site for detailed sub soil exploration. Based on the data supplied and discussions

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 01
 held, it was decided with architect/client to have a one-borehole up to 15.45m depth from GL
and to collect Undisturbed and Disturbed samples and Standard Penetration Test (SP Test).
2.0 SITE INFORMATION:
The site is leveled and cleaned & all levels mentioned in this report are w.r.t. Ground level.
The Site Co-ordinates are: 2365599.9m N & 284140.5m E.
The data supplied by the owner are as under:
Name of Work: Proposed Site at L&T/DFCC/STP-17/ALH-164, Height: 35m.

Site Existing Ground Level (EGL) & Original Ground Level (OGL) RL are as under:
Height of Filled up soil
Sr. No. Location Tower(m) OGL RL (m) EGL RL (m)
Depth(m)
1 ALH-164 35.00 16.682 16.682 0.00m

3.0 FIELD WORK

One boreholes of 150 mm dia. were drilled up to 15.45m depth from GL by rotary drilling with
mud circulation at decided locations with client. Field work started on 12/03/2021 & completed
on 13/03/2021. Summary of Field Work is given under Table 9.1.
The disturbed soil samples have been collected by Split Spoon Sampler at every meter or as
per strata change and recording of the soil strata change.
The Undisturbed samples have been collected in 70 mm ϕ x 600 mm long thin walled sampler
as per IS 2132:1986 (RA.2002) at every 1.50 m depth interval or as per requirement of
foundation depth investigation or change in strata whichever met earlier. The sampler has
smooth surface and appropriate area ratio and cutting edge angle as required by IS 1892:1979
(RA.2002) to ensure minimum disturbance of soil during sampling.
The Standard Penetration Test (SPT) has been conducted as per IS 2131:1986 (RA.2002) at
every 1.50 m depth interval or as per requirement of foundation depth investigation or change
in strata whichever met earlier, using Split Spoon Sampler confirming IS 9640:1980
(RA.2007). The SPT Spoon having 50.2mm O.D.*35.0mm I.D. was lowered inside the
borehole on a string of drill rods and number of blows for 300 mm penetration of SPT spoon
after 150mm as testing drive were recorded under the free fall of 63.5 kg hammer from
750mm height. A true vertical free fall of hammer was observed. SPT ‘N’ values are given
under Table 9.1, and are also shown graphically in Fig. 10.2.

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Ground Water Table:
The ground water table was observed at 6.30m depth from G.L in the boreholes during sub
soil exploration carried out in March ‘2021.
Laboratory works:
Following laboratory tests were carried out to determine the physical and engineering
properties of disturbed and undisturbed soil samples. All samples were tested for
classification and specific gravity. The test results are incorporated along with bore log
exploration datasheet.
The tests were conducted as per relevant Indian Standards as mentioned below.
Name of Test Confirming to IS No.
1) Sieve Analysis IS 2720 Part-4-1985
(RA 2015)
2) Atterberg Limit IS 2720 Part 5-1985
(RA 2015)
3) FDD – FMC IS 2720 Part 9
4) Specific Gravity IS 2720 (Part-3/Sec-I)-1980
(RA 2011)
5) Direct Shear Parameters IS 2720 Part 13-1986
(RA 2015)
6) Triaxial Shear Parameters IS 2720 Part-11-1993
(RA 2011)
7) Consolidation IS 2720 Part 15- 1965
(RA 2011)
8) Swell Pressure IS 2720 Part 41-1977
(RA 2011)
9) Swelling Index IS 2720 Part 40-1977
(RA 2011)
10) Shrinkage Limit IS 2720 Part 6-1972
(RA 2015)
4.0 SUB SOIL STRATIFICATION:
4.1 Analysis of data:
The field data and laboratory classification reveal stratification in general as given under.
4.1.1 Layer 1: This layer from GL to 2.80m i.e. 2.80m thick layer is blackish to brownish high
plastic silty clay with sand. The percentage of silt & clay varies from 71 to 86, the
percentage of sand varies from 13 to 21 & the percentage of gravel varies from 01 to 08.
4.1.2 Layer 2: This layer from 2.80m to 15.45m i.e. up to investigation depth is consists of
yellowish high to medium plastic silty clay with sand. The percentage of silt & clay varies
from 57 to 89, the percentage of sand varies from 10 to 39 & the percentage of gravel
varies from Nil to 07.

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 Sieve analysis was performed by using IS sieves of size 4.75mm, 2.00mm, 0.425mm &
0.075mm & 0.002mm for obtaining particle size distribution i.e., Gravel, Sand & Silt +
Clay of Disturbed, Undisturbed & SPT samples. The grain size distributions are tabulated
under Table 9.2 indicating coarse, medium & fine grain & shown graphically in Fig 10.3.
5.0 Analysis of data:
The field data and laboratory classification reveal stratification in general as given under.
5.1 Standard Penetration Resistance:
The SPT ‘N’ Values are range varies from 09 to 56 for 300mm which indicate stiff to very
stiff / hard consistency silty clay strata up to investigation depth. The average SPT N value at
foundation depth is worked out as 38. These are not corrected due to clayey strata. The values
of ‘N’ are reported and shown graphically in Fig. 10.2. The relationship between N value &
consistency, N value & denseness are as under…

‘N’ Value 0-2 2-4 4-8 8-15 15-30 >30

Consistency Very Soft Soft Medium Stiff Very Stiff Hard

‘N’ Value 0-4 4-10 10-30 30-50 >50

Denseness Very Loose Loose Medium Dense Very Dense

5.2 Laboratory Tests:

The laboratory tests were conducted on Disturbed and Undisturbed samples. The results are
given in Bore Logs. From the test results, following interpretations are made.
5.2.1 Dry Density and Moisture content:
The insitu dry unit weight of soil is needed for stability analysis, for the determination of the
degree of compaction, for evaluation of void ratio and thereby to find out degree of
saturation etc. Percentage moisture content ranges from 17 to 27%. It is compared with
Atterberg limits in Fig.10.2. The dry density ranges from 14.92 to 16.07kN/m3.
5.2.2 Atterberg Limits:
The liquid and plastic limits of soils are both dependent on the amount and type of clay in a
soil and from the basis for the soil classification system for cohesive soils based on the
plasticity tests. Besides their use for identification, the plasticity tests give information
concerning the cohesion properties of soil and the amount of capillary properties of soil and
the amount of capillary water, which it can hold.
The Liquid limit (WL) by cone penetrometer ranges from 36 to 63%.

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 The Plastic limit (Wp) ranges from 15 to 25%.
The Plasticity Index (Ip) ranges from 15 to 41%.
5.2.3 Specific Gravity:

It has application in finding out the degree of saturation and unit weight of moist soil. The
Specific Gravity is important parameter for finding out various engineering parameters like
void ratio, degree of saturation, shears failure, etc. and is also needed in pressure, settlement
and stability problems in soil engineering. In order to determine Specific gravity of soil,
undisturbed samples were selected. The Specific gravity range varies from 2.60 to 2.71.
5.2.4 Shear parameters:

The controlled strain method was used in case of shear test. These parameters are used in
evaluation of stability analysis and in evaluation of ultimate bearing capacity. The
cylindrical specimen for triaxial compression (without the measurement of pore water
pressure) was prepared from undisturbed sample. Shear as well as Triaxial Compression
Test (Unconsolidated Undrained) was conducted.
Direct Shear Test was conducted on specimen remoulded at FDD and submerged for 24 hrs
saturation. The cohesion ‘c’ & the angle of shearing resistance‘φ’ are tabulated under Table
– 9.3.
5.2.5 Swelling Characteristics:
Soil sample at and below the foundation depth from EGL was tested for swelling
characteristics.
The Shrinkage Limit range varies from 16 to 18%.
The Volumetric Differential Swelling Index range varies from 10 to 80%.
These characteristics show low expansive nature of stratum at foundation depth from EGL.
5.2.6 Consolidation Characteristics:

The main purpose of consolidation tests is to obtain soil data, which are used in predicting
the rate and the amount of settlement of the structure. Compression index Cc indicates the
magnitude of compression and the over consolidation pressure Pc indicates the compaction
of strata at natural condition. This test gives the values of various parameters as under @ the
foundation depth. This test is performed at 5.50m depth from EGL.

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6.0 Pile Capacity
Piles find application in foundations to transfer loads from a structure to competent
subsurface strata having adequate load-bearing capacity. The load transfer mechanism
from a pile to the surrounding ground is complicated and is not yet fully understood,
although application of piled foundations is in practice over many decades. Broadly, piles
transfer axial loads either substantially by friction along its shaft and/or by the end-
bearing. Piles are used where either of the above load transfer mechanism is possible
depending upon the subsoil stratification at a particular site. The installation of piles
demands careful control on position, alignment and depth, and involve specialized skill
and experience.
Pile types are as driven cast in-situ piles, precast concrete piles, bored piles and under-
reamed piles. These piles are covered under various parts of IS: 2911 including the test of
pile.
We have considered bored cast in-situ pile, which is formed within the ground by
excavating or boring a hole within it, with or without the aid of a temporary casing (to
keep the hole stabilized) and subsequently filling it with plain or reinforced concrete.
These piles are particularly applicable in certain subsoil conditions where penetration to a
predetermined depth is essential.
The pile capacity of the bored cast in-situ pile is calculated as procedure described in IS:
2911(Part-I/Sec-II)-2010.

6.1 PILE CAPACITY (As per IS: 2911(Part-1/Sec-2)-2010)

For Bored Cast in situ pile

Avg. EGL RL (Avg. NGL): 16.682 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (from EGL) 2.00 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (wrt RL) 14.68 m
Pile Vertical Horizontal Load
Uplift
Depth Factor of Load Capacity (Ton) Max. Length of
Sr. No. Pile Dia. Load
from safety Carrying for 5mm Fixity (m)
Capacity
Cutoff Capacity Deflection
(m) (m) (ton) (ton) Fixed Free Fixed Free
1 8.00 3.00 60 47
2 9.00 3.00 64 54
3 0.600 10.00 3.00 69 60 5.94 2.31 4.48 3.87
4 11.00 3.00 84 68
5 12.00 3.00 89 76

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210342-R3 06
7.1.1 SAMPLE CALCULATION OF PILE CAPACITY (Vertical & Compression)
(As per IS - 2911 Part-1/Sec-2 – 1979, Reaff: 2010):
Safe Vertical Load Carrying Capacity of Pile
IS:2911 (Part-I/Sec-2)-2010 & IRC:78-2014
Bored Cast in-Situ Piles
Avg. EGL RL (Avg. NGL): 16.682 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (from EGL) 2.00 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (wrt RL) 14.68 m
Pile Type Bored Cast-in-situ
Calculations: Section-I
Layers Layer-1 Layer-2 Layer-3 Layer-4 Layer-5 Layer-6 Layer-7 Layer-8
Type of Strata# C C C C C C C C
From 2.0 2.8 5.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
Depth from GL(m)
To 2.8 5.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0
Li Thickness of "i" layer (m) 0.8 2.2 3.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
N Avg. SPT -N value through out the depth of pile 9 20 38 46 41 36 42 47
N' SPT -N value @ pile tip & below 2D 15 25 43 41 36 36 52 47
W Water Table (m) from GL 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
φ Angle of friction, From SPT N value by IS 6403,(Deg) - - - - - - - -
Cu Avg. cohesion through out the length of pile (kN/m2) 58.86 130.80 248.52 300.84 268.14 235.44 271.41 307.38
Cu' Avg. cohesion at pile tip (kN/m2) (by Nayak, sec 1.26.1) 98.10 163.50 277.95 268.14 235.44 235.44 336.81 307.38
γ Avg. FDD (kN/m3) 14.13 15.21 15.50 15.89 16.09 16.09 16.09 16.09
G Sp. Gr. of Soil 2.60 2.67 2.61 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60
e Void Ratio 0.81 0.72 0.65 0.61 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.59
γ' Submerge Density (kN/m3) 8.67 9.52 9.57 9.75 9.87 9.87 9.87 9.87
D Dia of pile (m) 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
th
H Thickness of "i " strata /layer (m) below cut of line. 0.80 2.20 3.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Ap Area of pile toe (m2)= p/4*D*D 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28
As Area of pile surface (m2)=p*D*H 1.51 4.15 5.65 3.77 1.88 1.88 1.88 1.88
σv Max. value at Hc depth = Hc*g (kN/m2) 6.94 28.56 57.42 78.00 88.83 98.70 108.57 118.44
Nc Bearing Capacity factor for Clay as IS2911 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00
α Reduction factor 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
F Factor of Safety 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Ht Total Depth of Pile from Pile Cutoff level 0.80 3.00 6.00 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00
W Submerge Pile Weight (kN) 3.33 12.48 24.96 33.28 37.45 41.61 45.77 49.93
For the silty sand strata, the angle of internal friction has been restricted to higher value of 37 & considered as 37 for higher value..
For Cohesive soil
Qu = α.Cu.As + Ap.Nc.Cp # C : Cohesive Soil
For Cohesionless strata # Phi : Non Cohesive Soil Strata
Qu = Ap*(1/2*D*γ*Ny + σv*Nq) + ∑ K* σvi * tanδ*Asi

Ultimate Shaft Friction of Each Layer (kN) -44.44 217.13 561.66 453.67 201.64 177.05 204.10 231.15
Cumulative Shaft Friction (kN) -44.44 172.69 734.35 1188.02 1389.66 1566.71 1770.81 2001.96
End Bearing Resistance (kN) 247.21 412.02 700.43 675.7 593.3 593.3 848.8 774.6
Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Pile (kN) 202.77 584.71 1434.78 1863.7 1983.0 2160.0 2619.6 2776.6
Safe Load Carrying capacity of Pile (kN) 49.4473 167.61 438.488 588.0 623.5 678.4 827.4 875.6
Safe Load Carrying capacity of Pile (Tones) 17.09 44.70 59.93 63.56 69.15 84.34 89.25
Uplift Pile Capacity
Ultimate Shaft Friction of Each Layer (kN) 44.44 217.13 561.66 453.67 201.64 177.05 204.10 231.15
Cumulative Shaft Friction (kN) 44.44 261.57 823.23 1276.90 1478.54 1655.59 1859.69 2090.84
Ultimate Load Carrying Capacity of Pile (kN) 44.44 261.57 823.23 1276.90 1478.54 1655.59 1859.69 2090.84
Safe Uplift capacity of Pile (kN) 18.1433 99.67 299.37 458.91 530.30 593.47 665.67 746.88
Safe Uplift capacity of Pile (t) 1.85 10.16 30.52 46.78 54.06 60.50 67.86 76.13

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 7.1.2 SAMPLE CALCULATION OF PILE CAPACITY (Lateral Capacity)
(As per IS - 2911 Part-1/Sec-2 – 1979, Reaff: 2010):
Lateral Load Carrying Capacity of Vertical Pile
Ultimate Horizontal Load Pult =
Pile Cap/Cutoff level from EGL (m) 2.00 2.00
Type of Soil : ("Over Consolidated-OC" or "Sandy & normally consolidated-S&NC") S&NC S&NC
Type of pile : ("Fixed head" or "Free head") Fixed Head Free Head
N Avg. SPT N value 35.00 35.00
D=B Dia of pile (m) 0.60 0.60
L Length/Hight of Pile (m) 11.00 11.00
Ep Elastic Modulus of pile material (kN/m2) (For M30 Concrete, =5000x30^0.5) 27386128 27386128
Ip Moment of inertia of pile cross-section (m4) 6.36E-03 6.36E-03
L1 Length/Hight of Pile above grond level(m) 0 0
1/5
T= Relative stiffness factor (m) = [EpIp/ηh] -- Sand & NC Clay 2.0343 2.0343
L/T or L/R
L/T or L/R 5.4072 5.4072
L1/T or L1/R
L1/T or L1/R 0.000 0.000
z/T or z/R
z/T or z/R (From Graph of IS 2911 fig 2 of Amd.3 (in fig z=Lf)) 2.200 1.900
z depth of fixcity (m) 4.48 3.87
y Deflection for pile as cantilever (mm) 5.00 5.00
Required deflection "y" (mm) 5.00 5.00
P Horizontal force (kN) 116.61 45.26
Fmfree Moment Reduction coefficient As per IS:2911-2010 Fig, 5A/5B 0.40 0.40
Fmfix Moment Reduction coefficient As per IS:2911-2010 Fig, 5A/5B 0.82 0.82
Mz = Moment at fixity z = FmP(L1+z) 213.97 69.97
FOS Factor of Safety 2.00 2.00

Safe Horizontal load (kN) 58.31 22.63

Ps
Safe Horizontal load (t) 5.94 2.31
Lm Max. Length to develop the maximum Horizontal resistance in soil (m) 8.14 4.07
Lm Length to fixcity (m) 4.48 3.87

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 08
Safe Vertical Load Carrying Capacity of Pile
IS:2911 (Part-I/Sec-2)-2010 & IRC:78-2014
Bored Cast in-Situ Piles
Avg. EGL RL (Avg. NGL): 16.682 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (from EGL) 2.00 m
Pile Cut-off level considered at (wrt RL) 14.68 m
Pile Type Bored Cast-in-situ
Sample Calculation
Layer-4
Soil Type Cohessive soil

Depth up to pile depth 8m

Li each layer thickness
N Avg of SPT N value up to layer depth
N' Avg of SPT below 2D depth
W water table considered at EGL
φ
Cu =(46/7.5/2)x98.1
Cu' =(41/7.5/2)x98.1
γ =(9.81x 1.62)
G =2.6
e =(2.6x9.81/15.89)-1
γ' =9.81x(2.6-1)/(1+0.61)
D
H
Ap =3.1416x0.6x0.6/4
As =3.1416x0.6x2
σv =8x9.75
Nc =9
α =0.4
F =3
Ht =(layer-I=0.8)+(Layer-II=2.2)+(Layer-III=3)+(Layer-IV=2)=8
W =1.5xPi/4x0.6x0.6x8x9.81

Shaft Friction (kN) =0.4x300.84x3.77

Cum. Friction(kN) =-44.44+217.13+561.66+453.67
End Bearing(kN) =0.28x9x268.14
Ultimate Cap(kN) =675.71+1188.02
Safe Cap(kN) =(1863.73/3)-33.28
Safe Cap(ton) =587.96/9.81

Shaft Friction (kN) =0.4x300.84x3.77

Cum. Friction(kN) =44.44+217.13+561.66+453.67
Ultimate UpCap(kN) =44.44+217.13+561.66+453.67
Safe UpCap(kN) =(1276.9/3)+33.28
Safe UpCap(ton) =458.91/9.81

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 09

Factor of Safety considered as 3 for skin friction.

The Concrete weight considered as 1500 kg/m3 (submerge) and the pile weight considered
as total without FOS on it for uplift capacity.

The pile capacity calculated based on corrected SPT N values at each depth.

The values reported are based on theoretical formulae. The pile load test on test pile &
routing test of pile are advisable for predicting load carrying capacity of a pile as per
specification laid in IS:2911 (Part-4)-2013.

The Angle of Friction for sandy soil is taken as per IS 6403 from SPT N value and it is
restricted up to max. 35 degree in pile capacity calculations.

Cohesive soil, the relationship between SPT N value and consistency, as proposed by
Terzaghi and Peck (Fig.1.11.3 of Foundation Design Manual, NV Nayak, Fifth Edition.

The Angle of wall friction between pile & soil is taken as δ =ɸ.

The skin friction of the top 1.00m depth strata is considered as negative effect.

MT= Metric Tone, 1MT = 1000kgf.

The borehole should be well flushed and the bottom slurry specific gravity should be less
then 1.12.

The Slump for pile work shall be required 150mm to 180mm at time of pouring.

The Bored Cast in-situ piles for capacity calculations are considered.

Proper group efficiency factor shall be considered if no. of piles is provided based on no.
of piles in a group.

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 010
8.0 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION:
Proposed Site at L&T/DFCC/STP-17/ALH-164, Height: 35m, was explored by one
borehole up to 15.45m depth from GL & subsequent field and laboratory test results show
that…
1. The site is leveled and cleaned & all levels mentioned in this report are w.r.t. Ground
level. The Site Co-ordinates are: 2365599.9m N & 284140.5m E.
2. Site Existing Ground Level (EGL) & Original Ground Level (OGL) RL are as under:
Height of Filled up soil
Sr. No. Location Tower(m) OGL RL (m) EGL RL (m)
Depth(m)
1 ALH-164 35.00 16.682 16.682 0.00m

3. Layer wise stratification shows,

Sub soil consists of blackish to brownish high plastic silty clay with sand up to 2.80m
depth followed by yellowish high to medium plastic silty clay with sand up to
investigation depth of 15.45m.
4. The ground water table was observed at 6.30m depth from GL during sub soil exploration
carried out in March ‘2021. But, the effect of water table is considered accordingly for
evaluation of SBC & settlement values.
No long term monitoring of Ground Water was specified. Thus, the ground water conditions
established is applicable for the time of investigation only. The ground water condition may
vary with rainfall patterns, long term climatic changes and any changes in the surrounding
area. Reconfirmation of ground water level is recommended prior to any work relating to
the ground water regime.
5. The Pile Capacity is recommended as per Section 6 & 7.
6. These values of SBC/ SBP are only for symmetric static loading conditions. The inclined
& dynamic loading condition has not considered while computing the Safe Bearing
Capacity (SBC).
7. MDD/OMC of Soil at 3.00m depth from EGL is as following:
Sr. No. MDD (g/cc) OMC (%)
1 1.78 15.31
8. The value of SBC evaluated in this report depends on technical details of foundation i.e.
depth, type and width. The change of any of this design parameter of foundation will

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 011
 change the value of SBC. These may be kept in view in final design. The SBC values
other than the footing sizes mentioned under topic 7.0 shall be supplied on demand.
9. The chemical analysis of soil & water shows sulphate content of the soil as 0.006% and
PH is >7.00 in soil, which are within the required limits for concrete sub-structures. OPC
Cement may be used with proper content for construction of same. The chloride content
of the soil & water are also within limits of concrete requirements as per IS: 456-2000.
10. Engineering properties of strata below foundation level, i.e. void ratio (e), Coefficient of
uniformity (Cu), Plasticity index (Ip), D60, & Soil Classification and SPT-N value
indicate the strata up to investigation depth is having lower possibility of liquefaction
occurrence.
11. The value of SBC is based on fieldwork carried out from 01 No boreholes data up to
15.45m depth from GL and laboratory test results of the samples collected from them.
During excavation of trenches, if any change in strata is found, it is advisable to report
immediately for further investigation

For Bhumi Research Center

Authorized Signatory

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 012
 TABLE 9.1
SUMMARY OF FIELD PROGRAMME

Reference Level :- 16.682m Bore No. :- 01

Type of Boring :- Rotary Drilling with mud circulation Soil sampler used :- Shelby + SPT
Dia. of Boring :-150mm Date of start :- 12/03/2021
W. T. from GL :- 6.30m Completion Date:- 13/03/2021
Bulk No. of blows
Sr. Depth from GL Type of
Type of Test Density ‘N’ per Cor’ted
No. (m) Sample 150mm 150mm 150mm 300mm
(kN/m3) ‘N’#
1 0.00 to 0.50 D/S D/S
2 1.00 to 1.45 FDD/FMC UDS
3 1.50 to 1.95 SPT D/S 2 4 5 9 9
4 2.50 to 2.95 FDD/FMC UDS 17.91
5 3.00 to 3.45 SPT D/S 5 7 8 15 15
6 4.00 to 4.45 FDD/FMC UDS 18.14
7 4.50 to 4.95 SPT D/S 9 11 14 25 25
8 5.50 to 5.95 FDD/FMC UDS 18.41
9 6.00 to 6.45 SPT D/S 12 16 21 37 37
10 7.00 to 7.45 FDD/FMC UDS 18.48
11 7.50 to 7.95 SPT D/S 11 15 24 39 39
12 8.50 to 8.95 FDD/FMC UDS 18.62
13 9.00 to 9.45 SPT D/S 8 17 29 46 46
14 10.50 to 10.95 FDD/FMC UDS 18.88
15 12.00 to 12.45 SPT D/S 10 16 20 36 36
16 13.50 to 13.95 SPT D/S 12 20 27 47 47
17 15.00 to 15.45 SPT D/S 14 24 32 56 56

Abbreviations: -
FDD/FMC : Field Dry Density/ Field Moisture Content
UDS : Undisturbed Sample
SPT : Standard Penetration Test
D/S : Disturbed Sample
# : SPT-N values are not corrected due to clayey strata.

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 013
 TABLE 9.2
SUMMARY OF GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS

Gravel Sand Silt Clay Liquid Plastic Plastic Classifi

Depth from GL Sample >4.75 4.75 mm-0.075mm <0.075 <0.002 cation NMC
limit Limit Index
mm C M F mm mm of Soil
(m) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%)
0.00 to 0.50 D/S 8 4 8 8 71 52 19 32 CH
1.00 to 1.45 UDS 2 2 4 10 82 63 25 39 CH 27
1.50 to 1.95 S 1 3 5 5 86 63 23 41 CH
2.50 to 2.95 UDS 1 3 5 11 47 33 54 17 37 CH 20
3.00 to 3.45 S 4 5 5 13 72 59 20 39 CH
4.00 to 4.45 UDS 0 3 4 5 41 48 61 22 39 CH 18
4.50 to 4.95 S 0 2 5 7 86 57 17 40 CH
5.50 to 5.95 UDS 5 3 4 4 42 43 59 22 38 CH 18
6.00 to 6.45 S 7 6 4 16 67 41 19 22 CI
7.00 to 7.45 UDS 2 3 3 4 88 38 23 15 CI 19
7.50 to 7.95 S 1 2 4 6 87 54 20 34 CH
8.50 to 8.95 UDS 3 5 7 12 73 40 17 23 CI 17
9.00 to 9.45 S 1 5 8 15 71 40 15 25 CI
10.50 to 10.95 UDS 2 5 6 23 64 36 18 18 CI
12.00 to 12.45 S 4 5 5 13 73 40 17 23 CI
13.50 to 13.95 S 4 13 15 11 57 37 18 19 CI
15.00 to 15.45 S 3 11 17 11 58 39 20 19 CI
F : Fine Grain UDS :Undisturbed Sample
M : Medium Grain SPT : Standard Penetration Test
C : Coarse Grain D/S : Disturbed Sample
NP : Non Plastic nature NMC : Natural Moisture content

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 014
 TABLE 9.3
STATEMENT SHOWING SHEAR & CONSOLIDATION PARAMETER

Swelling Consolidation
Shear parameters
Characteristics Characteristics
Depth Pre
Bore Classi
from Shrink Compre Consoli Swell
hole ficatio Angle Swelling
GL ‘c’ age ssion dation Pressure
No. n Type ‘φ’ Index
(m) kN/m2 Limit Index Pressur kg/cm2
Deg. (%)
(%) Cc e (Pc)
kN/m2

2.50 CH Tuu 52.97 16.55 75 16 0.08

4.00 CH Tuu 80.44 9.84 80 18 0.07

01
5.50 CH 55 18 0.155 196.20

7.00 CI Tuu 101.04 14.52 10 -

10.50 CI Tuu 83.39 14.95 10 -

DS : Direct Shear on specimen remoulded on FDD and submerged for 24 hrs saturation

Tuu : Triaxial Compression (Unconsolidated Undrained Condition)

N.O.: Not Observed

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 015
 Table No.: 9.4.1 – Chemical Analysis of Soil Sample

Description of Sample: Soil Sample

Quantity of Sample : 01 Sample

Soil Water Extract as Soil: Water = 1 : 2

Sr. Result
Test Unit
No.
Depth: 2.50m
1 pH pH 9.72

2 Total Dissolved Solids % 0.71

3 Calcium as Ca % 0.008

4 Magnesium as Mg % 0.004

5 Chloride as Cl % 0.014

6 Sulphate as SO3 % 0.006

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 016
 Table No.: 9.4.2 – Chemical Analysis of Water Sample

Description of Sample: Water Sample

Quantity of Sample : 01 lit

Sr.
Test Unit Result
No.

1 pH pH 8.00

2 Total Dissolved Solids mg/lit 312.00

3 Calcium as Ca mg/lit 36.07

4 Magnesium as Mg mg/lit 7.29

5 Chloride as Cl mg/lit 54.90

6 Sulphate as SO3 mg/lit 8.99

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 017
 FIG. - 10.1(BH-01)
Summary of Standard Penetration Test & Atterberg Limits
Ground Surface Level :-16.682m Ground water table from GL :- 6.30 m
Project : 210342 Date : 12/03/2021
Type No. of SPT blows Atterberg Limits & NMC
Depth from GL Type of LL PL NMC 'N' SPT Curve
of 'N' per
(m) Soil % % % 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Sampl 150mm 150mm 150mm 300mm
IP
0.00 to 0.50 CH 52 19 D/S

210342-R3
Project No.
19 52
IP
1.00 to 1.45 CH 63 25 27 UDS 27
25 63

IP
1.50 to 1.95 CH 63 23 S 2 4 5 9 9
23 63
IP

018
2.50 to 2.95 CH 54 17 20 UDS 20
17 54

Sheet No.
IP
3.00 to 3.45 CH 59 20 S 5 7 8 15 15
20 59

IP
4.00 to 4.45 CH 61 22 18 UDS 18
22 61

IP
4.50 to 4.95 CH 57 17 S 9 11 14 25 25
17 57

IP
5.50 to 5.95 CH 59 22 19 UDS 19
22 59

37 IP
6.00 to 6.45 CI 41 19 S 12 16 21 37
19 41
IP
7.00 to 7.45 CI 38 23 19 UDS 19 23 38

39 IP
7.50 to 7.95 CH 54 20 S 11 15 24 39
20 54
IP
8.50 to 8.95 CI 40 17 17 UDS 17
17 40

46 IP
9.00 to 9.45 CI 40 15 S 8 17 29 46
15 40

IP
10.50 to 10.95 CI 36 18 17 UDS 17
18 36

36 IP
12.00 to 12.45 CI 40 17 S 10 16 20 36
17 40 LL
PL
47 IP
13.50 to 13.95 CI 37 18 S NMC
12 20 27 47
18 37

56 IP
15.00 to 15.45 CI 39 20 S 14 24 32 56
20 39

15.45

D/s : Disturbed Sample NMC : Natural Moisture Content PL : Plastic Limit

S : Standard Penetration Test LL : Liquid Limit IP : Plasticity Index
UDS : Undisturbed Sample NP : Non Plastic Nature
 Fig. 10.2 BH-01
Particle Size Distribution Curve
ISS Microns ISS mm

75
425
4.75

2.00
100.00

210342-R3
Project No.
90.00

019
80.00

Sheet No.
70.00
0.00 to 0.50
1.00 to 1.45
1.50 to 1.95
60.00 2.50 to 2.95
3.00 to 3.45
4.00 to 4.45

Percentage Finer
4.50 to 4.95
50.00 5.50 to 5.95
6.00 to 6.45
7.00 to 7.45
7.50 to 7.95
40.00 8.50 to 8.95
9.00 to 9.45
10.50 to 10.95
12.00 to 12.45
30.00 13.50 to 13.95
15.00 to 15.45

20.00
2.00
4.75

0.001 0.010 0.100 1.000 10.000

0.002
0.075
0.425

Clay Silt Sand Gravel

Fine Medium Coarse
Particle Size (mm)
 Fig. 10.3 (BH-01) e-log P curve of Consolidation Test Depth:5.50m
0.680

0.660

0.640

0.620
Void Ratio (e)

0.600

0.580

0.560

0.540

0.520

0.500
0.10 1.00 Pc 10.00
Log (Pressure) kg/cm2

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 020
 Fig No: 10.4 Proctor Test
Project No.: 210342, Depth : 2.50 to 2.95
Dry Density v/s. Moisture contents-Proctor Test
1.81

1.76
Dry Density (g/cc)

Checked by
1.71

1.66

1.61
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Moisture Contents (%)

Results from graph

MDD : (gm/cc) 1.78
OMC :(%) 15.31

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 021
 Project No.: 210342
10.5.1 Tri - Axial Curve
Stress Strain Curve Mohr Circle Plot
3.00 2.00
0.50 kg/cm2
1.80
1.00 kg/cm2
2.50
1.60
1.50 kg/cm2
Deviator Stress (kg/cm )

Shear Stress Traction (kg/cm )

2

2
1.40
2.00
1.20

1.50 1.00

0.80
1.00 0.60
0.5 kg/cm2
1.0 kg/cm2 0.40
0.50 1.5 kg/cm2
0.20

0.00 0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Axial Strain (%) Normal stress traction (kg/cm2)

Sample ID: Depth: (14.18 to 13.73), BH-01

Location: ALH-164
From Graph of Failure Envelope
Cohesion (c) kg/cm2 0.54
Angle of Shearing Resistance (φ) Deg. = 17
Tri-axial shear test has been conducted at FDD (1.52gm/cc) & at FMC (20.04%).

Project No.: 210342

10.5.2 Tri - Axial Curve
Stress Strain Curve Mohr Circle Plot
3.00 1.80
0.50 kg/cm2
1.60 1.00 kg/cm2
2.50
1.40 1.50 kg/cm2
Deviator Stress (kg/cm )

Shear Stress Traction (kg/cm )

2

2.00 1.20

1.00
1.50
0.80

1.00 0.60
0.5 kg/cm2
1.0 kg/cm2 0.40
0.50 1.5 kg/cm2
0.20

0.00 0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Axial Strain (%) Normal stress traction (kg/cm2)

Sample ID: Depth: (12.68 to 12.23), BH-01

Location: ALH-164
From Graph of Failure Envelope
Cohesion (c) kg/cm2 0.82
Angle of Shearing Resistance (φ) Deg. = 10
Tri-axial shear test has been conducted at FDD (1.57gm/cc) & at FMC (17.61%).

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 022
 Project No.: 210342
10.5.3 Tri - Axial Curve
Stress Strain Curve Mohr Circle Plot
4.00 2.50
0.50 kg/cm2

3.50 1.00 kg/cm2

2.00
1.50 kg/cm2
Deviator Stress (kg/cm )

3.00

Shear Stress Traction (kg/cm )

2

2
2.50 1.50

2.00
1.00
1.50
0.5 kg/cm2
1.00
1.0 kg/cm2 0.50
1.5 kg/cm2
0.50

0.00 0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00
Axial Strain (%) Normal stress traction (kg/cm2)

Sample ID: Depth: (9.68 to 9.23), BH-01

Location: ALH-164
From Graph of Failure Envelope
Cohesion (c) kg/cm2 1.03
Angle of Shearing Resistance (φ) Deg. = 15
Tri-axial shear test has been conducted at FDD (1.58gm/cc) & at FMC (19.05%).

Project No.: 210342

10.5.4 Tri - Axial Curve
Stress Strain Curve Mohr Circle Plot
3.50 2.50
0.50 kg/cm2

3.00 1.00 kg/cm2

2.00
1.50 kg/cm2
Deviator Stress (kg/cm )

Shear Stress Traction (kg/cm )

2

2.50

1.50
2.00

1.50 1.00

1.00 0.5 kg/cm2

1.0 kg/cm2 0.50
0.50 1.5 kg/cm2

0.00 0.00
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00
Axial Strain (%) Normal stress traction (kg/cm2)

Sample ID: Depth: (6.18 to 5.73), BH-01

Location: ALH-164
From Graph of Failure Envelope
Cohesion (c) kg/cm2 0.85
Angle of Shearing Resistance (φ) Deg. = 15
Tri-axial shear test has been conducted at FDD (1.64gm/cc) & at FMC (17.50%).

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 023
 11.0 SUMMARY OF GEOTECHNICAL EXPLORATION DATA

Bore Hole No.:- 01 Dia. of Bore :- 150 mm X-cordinates 2365599.9 Y-cordinates 284140.5 Termination Depth : 15.45 m Field Work :- 12/03/2021
Particle Size Analysis Consolidation Swelling
Atterberg Limits Field Density Shear Parameters
Gravel Sand Silt+Clay Characteristics Characteristics

Visual Identification of Soil

210342-R3
Project No.
Depth R.L.
Depth from G.L.
SPT Blows/30 cm
Corrected SPT Blows
'Nc'/30 cm
Denseness/
Consistency of Strata
Water Table
Depth from GL
Hatching
Sample Designation
(>4.75 mm)
(4.75mm to
0.075mm)
(<0.075mm)
(<0.002mm)
Liquid Limit
(WL)
Plastic Limit
(Wp)
Plasticity
Index (Ip)
IS Classification
Bulk
Dry
Field Moisture
Content (FMC)
Specific Gravity (G)
Void Ratio (e)
Porosity (η)
SMC
Degree of Saturation
Type
Cohesion (C)
Angle of
Shearing
Resistance (φ)
Compression
Index Cc
Pre Conso.
Press. (Pc)
Shrinkage
Limit
Diff. Free
Swelling Index
Swell Pressure

m m No. No.# % % % % % % % g/cc (%) % % % kg/cm2 Deg. kg/cm2 % % kg/cm2

0
16.68 to 16.18 0.00 to 0.50 D/S 8 21 71 52 19 32 CH
1
15.68 to 15.23 1.00 to 1.45 Blackish to brownish high plastic silty clay UDS 2 16 82 63 25 39 CH 1.83 1.44 27 2.60 0.81 44.62 30.98 87.53 30
15.18 to 14.73 1.50 to 1.95 9 9 St with sand up to 2.80m S 1 13 86 63 23 41 CH
2

024
14.18 to 13.73 2.50 to 2.95 UDS 1 19 47 33 54 17 37 CH 1.83 1.52 20 2.71 0.78 43.91 28.89 69.37 Tuu 0.54 16.55 16 75 0.08
3

Sheet No.
13.68 to 13.23 3.00 to 3.45 15 15 Vs S 4 24 72 59 20 39 CH
4
12.68 to 12.23 4.00 to 4.45 UDS 0 11 41 48 61 22 39 CH 1.85 1.57 18 2.62 0.67 40.08 25.53 69.00 Tuu 0.82 9.84 18 80 0.07
12.18 to 11.73 4.50 to 4.95 25 25 Vs S 0 14 86 57 17 40 CH
5

11.18 to 10.73 5.50 to 5.95 6.30 UDS 5 10 42 43 59 22 38 CH 1.88 1.58 19 2.62 0.66 39.69 25.12 75.77 0.155 2.00 18 55
6
10.68 to 10.23 6.00 to 6.45 37 37 H S 7 26 67 41 19 22 CI
7
9.68 to 9.23 7.00 to 7.45 UDS 2 10 88 38 23 15 CI 1.88 1.58 19 2.60 0.65 39.23 24.83 76.71 Tuu 1.03 14.52 10
9.18 to 8.73 7.50 to 7.95 39 39 H S 1 12 87 54 20 34 CH
8

8.18 to 7.73 8.50 to 8.95 UDS 3 24 73 40 17 23 CI 1.90 1.62 17 2.60 0.60 37.69 23.27 74.67 20
9
7.68 to 7.23 9.00 to 9.45 46 46 H Yellowish high to medium plastic silty clay S 1 28 71 40 15 25 CI
with sand up to investigation depth
10

6.18 to 5.73 10.50 to 10.95 UDS 2 34 64 36 18 18 CI 1.92 1.64 17 2.60 0.59 36.92 22.51 77.72 Tuu 0.85 14.95 10
11

12
4.68 to 4.23 12.00 to 12.45 36 36 H S 4 23 73 40 17 23 CI
13

3.18 to 2.73 13.50 to 13.95 47 47 H 14

S 4 39 57 37 18 19 CI

15
1.68 to 1.23 15.00 to 15.45 56 56 H S 3 39 58 39 20 19 CI
1.23 15.45 Termination Depth
Note :- 1
2 Abbreviation Used: (1) DS : Consolidated Undrain Direct Shear test on specimen remoulded @ 100 % FDD and submerged for 24 hrs saturation, Name of Work :- Proposed Site at L&T/DFCC/STP-17/ALH-
(2) Tuu : Triaxial compression ( Unconsolidation Undrained condition) (3) D/S : Disturbed Sample, 164, Height: 35m.
(4) S : SPT Sample, (5) UDS : Undisturbed Sample
(6) SMC : Saturated Moisture Content (7) N.O.: Not Observed Client: M/s. Larsen & Toubro Limited, Construction
(8) NP : Non plastic nature (9)Vs:Very stiff consistency Project No. Sheet No.
(10) H : Hard Strata (11)St: Stiff consistency
Bhumi Research Center ,
Surat. Ph: (0261) 2363600 210342 24
3 Liquid Limit by Cone Penetrometer # : SPT N Values are not corrected due to clayey strata.
12.0 IS CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL

GW: Well graded gravels, gravel – sand mixtures; little or no fines

GP: Poorly graded gravels or gravel-sand mixtures; little or no fines

SW: Well graded sands, gravelly sands; little or no fines

SP: Poorly graded sands or gravelly sands; little or no fines

GM: Silty gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand-silt mixtures

SM: Silty sands, poorly graded sand-silt mixtures

GC: Clayey gravels, poorly graded gravel-sand-clay mixtures

SC: Clayey sands, poorly graded sand-clay mixtures

ML: Inorganic silts and very fine sands rock flour, silty or clayey fine sands or clayey
silts with none to low plasticity

MI: Inorganic silts, silty or clayey fine sands or clayey silts of medium plasticity

MH: Inorganic silts of high compressibility, micaceous or diatomaceous fine sandy or

silty soils, elastic silts

CL: Inorganic clays, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays of low plasticity

CI: Inorganic clays, gravelly clays, sandy clays, silty clays, lean clays of medium
plasticity

CH: Inorganic clays of high plasticity, fat clays

Pt: Peat & other highly organic soils with very high compressibility

OL,OI,OH: Organic soil

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 025
 13.0 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDIAN STANDARDS DESCRIPTION
IS 1498 - 1970 Classification and Identification of Soils for General Engineering Purposes
IS 1892-1979 Code of Practice for Subsurface Investigation for Foundation.
IS 1904 – 1986 Code for Practice for Design and Construction of Foundation in Soils:
General Requirements.
IS 2131 - 1981 Method for Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for soils.
IS 2132 - 1986 Code of practice for Thin Walled Tube Sampling of soils (UDS).
IS 2720 – Relevant Parts Various Method of Test for Soils.
IS 2809-1972 Glossary of Terms and Symbols relating to Soil Engineering.
IS 4968 (Part-1) –1976 Method for Subsurface Sounding for Soils. Dynamic method using 50mm
Cone without Bentonite Slurry.
IS 6403-1981 Code of Practice for Determination of Bearing Capacity of Shallow
Foundation.
IS 7422-1974 Part 01 to 05 Symbols & Abbreviations for use in Geological Map, Section & Sub Surface
Exploration.
IS 8009 Part 1 -1976 Code of practice for Calculation of Settlements of Foundations (Shallow
foundations subjected to symmetrical static vertical loads).
IS 8763 - 1978 Guide for Undisturbed Sampling of Sand.
IS 8764-1978 Method of determination of Point Load Strength Index of Rock
IS 9143-1979 Method of determination of Unconfined Compressive strength of Rock
materials.
IS 9179-1979 Method for the preparation of Rock Sample for Laboratory Test
IS 9221-1979 Method of determination of Modules of Elasticity & Poisson Ratio of Rock
Material.
IS 10042 - 1981 Code of Practice for Site Investigation for Foundation in Gravel-Boulder
Deposit.
IS 10785-1983 Method of determination of Compressive & Tensile strength for Point Load
Test on Rock Lumps
IS 11315-1987 Part 01 to 12 Method for the Constitutive description of discontinuities in Rock Mass.

IS 11358-1987 Glossary of Terms & Symbols applicable to Rock Mechanics.

IS 12070-1987
Dr. N. V. Nayak
Dr. B.C. Punamia
Terzaghi & Pack
Dr. K. R. Arora
Dr. Shenbaga R Kaniraj
Code of Practice for Design & Construction of Shallow Foundation on Rocks.
Foundation Design Manual.
Soil Mechanics & Foundations.
Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice.
Soil Mechanics & Foundations Engineering
Design Aids in Soil Mechanics & Foundation Engineering.

Project No. Sheet No.

210342-R3 026