Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 1 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is a compound whose molecular formula is NaHCO 3. It has a wide variety of
uses and is primarily used as a leavening agent in baking, hence the name, baking soda. When NaHCO 3 is
treated with acetic acid, CH3COOH, it produces sodium acetate, CH3COONa, water, and carbon dioxide,
CO2. In this exercise, we will perform this reaction and study its stoichiometry.

Objectives:
At the end of this experiment, you are expected to have been able to:
 Produce carbon dioxide from sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid
 Study the stoichiometry of the reaction

Materials Needed:
 Baking soda
 Vinegar
 A wide brimmed glass or clear plastic jar with about 1 L capacity
 A plastic bottle with screw cap – about 500mL capacity
 Measuring cup
 Measuring spoon
 A large bucket or tub
 Water
 A small clear plastic bag with about 2 inches width

NOTE: Set up your video camera. Take your video while you are doing the activity. You will submit this as
your output for the activity.

Procedure:
1. If your jar does not have volume markings yet, use the measuring cup to pour 100 mL of water at a
time and use a marker to record the height of the water at each addition.
2. Fill your big tub with water. Submerge your jar with markings and fill it with water.
3. Fill about half of the plastic bottle with vinegar.
4. Measure 1/4 teaspoon of baking soda and put it in the small clear plastic bag. Cut the plastic bag if
it is too long.
5. Drop the small plastic bag with the baking soda on the bottle with vinegar and immediate close the
bottle. Make sure that the baking soda does not react with the vinegar before the lid is tightly
closed.
6. Shake the bottle until all the baking soda is consumed. The reaction is complete when no
significant bubbling is observed.
1
 Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 2 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

7. (You may need someone to help you with this part). Lift the jar upside down with markings while
maintaining the mouth submerged in water. Make sure no air is present inside the jar. Put the
plastic bottle under water and carefully place the mouth of the bottle inside the jar. Open the
bottle carefully to release the carbon dioxide formed from the reaction into the jar. The water level
inside the jar should be decreasing as the carbon dioxide is transferred.
8. Record the volume of the gas trapped in the jar. Before recording, make sure that the water inside
and outside of the jar is at the same level. This would ensure that the pressure inside the jar is the
same as the pressure outside.

Data:
1. If you have a weighing scale you can directly determine the weight of the sample used in the
experiment. If none, you can estimate the weight of the sample. From the baking soda
container, get the net weight of baking soda and determine how many tablespoons of baking
soda are in the container from the Nutrition Facts (Serving size in teaspoons and No. of
servings). Get the weight of baking soda in 1/4 teaspoon.
Net weight of baking soda in one container (g): 454g
No of teaspoons of baking soda in one container: 101tsb
Weight of 1/4 tsp of baking soda: 4.5mg
2. Volume of CO2 produced (mL): 500ml

Questions:
1. Write a balanced chemical equation for the chemical reaction. None.
2. In this experiment, which reactant is limiting? None
3. Which reactant is in excess? None
4. What is the molar mass of NaHCO3? Na = 22.99, H = 12.01, O = 16.0, NaHCO3 = 84.0
5. How many moles of NaHCO3 are there in 1/4 tsp of sample? 0.0134
6. How many moles of CO2 should be produced from the sample? 0.0268
7. How many moles of CO2 are actually formed? We can predict for the volume by using the ideal gas
equation PV=nRT, where P=pressure, V=volume, n=number of moles, R=Ideal gas constant, 0.0821
L-atm/mol-K, T=temperature. This equation can be rearranged to get the number of moles in a
specific volume of gas: n=PV/RT; where P= 1 atm, V=volume of carbon dioxide produced
converted to Liters ; R=0.0821 L-atm/mol-K; T=298 K (room temperature) None
8. Calculate for the percentage error of the experiment. None

2
 Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 3 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

Laboratory Quiz:
1. True or False: It is important to ensure that the baking soda does not come in contact with vinegar until
the bottle is tightly closed to ensure that all gaseous product is captured. True
2. True or False: Alternatively, we can measure the volume of the gas inside the plastic bottle and use it to
determine the number of moles of carbon dioxide produced by using the ideal gas equation. False
3. True or False: It is important to make sure that the water inside and outside of the jar is of the same
level before taking note of the volume of carbon dioxide. This ensures that the pressure inside and
outside of the jar is the same. True
4. True or False: In the performed experiment, the limiting reagent is NaHCO 3. True
5. True or False: Aside from carbon dioxide, other products of the reaction are water and sodium acetate,
CH3COONa. True
6. True or False: The balanced chemical equation to represent the reaction is: False

NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2

7. True or False: We can use the volume of the vinegar used to calculate for the theoretical yield of the
reaction. True

For items 8 to 12, refer to the following lab data. Show your complete solution for all the questions.

Mass of NaHCO3 sample (g): 1.20 g

Volume of carbon dioxide produced (mL): 250 mL

8. What is the molecular mass of NaHCO3? False

9. How many moles of NaHCO3 are in the sample? Na = 22.099, H = 1.01, C = 12.01, O = 16.0,
NaHCO3 = 84.0
10. Theoretically, how many moles should be produced from 1.2 grams of baking soda? 0.0134
11. How many moles of carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction? (Use the ideal gas equation, PV=nRT,
for the calculation assuming P= 1 atm; T=298 K and R=0.0821 L-atm/mol-K) 0.0268
12. What is the percentage error for the experiment? None

For items 13 to 20, refer to the following laboratory experiment and results. Show your complete
solution for all the questions.

3
 Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 4 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

A student weighed 1.25 grams of NaHCO3 pre-weighed 50 mL beaker. In the fume hood, he slowly
added concentrated HCl to the beaker containing the NaHCO3. He added a total of 4.6 mL of
concentrated HCl. During the reaction, effervescence was observed due to carbon dioxide formation.
The water by-product was removed by heating the beaker and a white crystalline salt, NaCl, is left.
Lastly, he took the weight of the residue and the beaker after cooling to room temperature.

Mass of beaker (g): 28.27 g

Mass of NaHCO3 sample (g): 1.25 g
Mass of beaker and residue (g): 29.06 g
Volume of concentrated HCl (12moles/L) (mL): 4.6 mL

13. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. None
14. How many moles of NaHCO3 are in the sample? None
15. How many moles of HCl are there in the sample? None
16. How many moles of HCl are required to react completely with NaHCO 3? None
17. Which reagent is in excess and which reagent is limiting? None
18. What is the theoretical yield of NaCl in grams? None
19. What is the actual yield of NaCl in grams? None
20. What is the percent yield of NaCl in grams? None

INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STUDENTS:

 Save your video file in “.mp4” or “.avi” format only.
 The filename of your video should be:
“<Last Name>, <First Name> - Laboratory Exercise 0<XX>”
 Upload your video to any video sharing website such as YouTube and Vimeo.
 Paste the link of your uploaded file on the space provided for it in the LMS.

Rubric for Checking

Criteria (%) 4 3 2 1

Participation Used time well in Used time pretty Did the lab but Participation was
(30%) lab and focused well. Stayed did not appear minimal or
4
 Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 5 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

attention on the focused on the very interested. student was

experiment experiment most Focus was lost on hostile about
of the time several participating
occasions.

Safety (10%) Lab is carried out Lab is generally Lab is carried out Safety
with full attention carried out with with some procedures were
to relevant safety attention to attention to ignored and/or
procedures. The relevant safety relevant safety some aspect of
set-up, procedures. The procedures. The the experiment
experiment, and set-up, set-up, posed a threat to
tear-down posed experiment, and experiment, and the safety of the
no safety threat to tear-down posed tear-down posed student or
any individual. no safety threat no safety threat others.
to any individual, to any individual,
but one safety but several safety
procedure needs procedures need
to be reviewed. to be reviewed.

Data collection Measurements Measurements Measurements Measurements

(10%) are both accurate are accurate with are somewhat are incomplete,
and precise. reasonable inaccurate and inaccurate and
Observations are precision. very imprecise. imprecise.
very thorough Observations are Observations are Observations are
and may thorough. Work incomplete or incomplete or
recognize is generally neat recorded in a not included.
possible errors in and organized. confusing way. Symbols, units
data collection. Includes There are 3 or and significant
Work is neat and symbols, units more minor figures are not
organized. and significant errors using included.
Includes digits. symbols, units
appropriate and significant
symbols, units digits or 2 major
and significant errors.
digits.
Calculations All calculations Some Some No calculations
(40%) are shown and the calculations are calculations are are shown OR
5
 Course Code NSCI101

Description General Chemistry I

Laboratory
Title of
Exercise 001 Stoichiometry
Activity
No.
Page 6 of 6
LABORATORY EXERCISE

results are correct shown and the shown and the results are
and labeled results are results labeled inaccurate or
appropriately. correct and appropriately. mislabeled.
labeled
appropriately.

Conclusion (10%) Conclusion Conclusion Conclusion No conclusion

includes whether includes whether includes what was included in
the findings the findings was learned from the report OR
supported the supported the the experiment. shows little effort
hypothesis, hypothesis and and reflection.
possible sources what was
of error, and what learned from the
was learned from experiment.
the experiment.