garemosdacviTi ganaTleba

skolaSi

maswavleblis wigni
I-IX klasebi
saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobdnen:
„garemosdacviTi ganaTleba skolaSi“ damxmare resursia im sag-
rusudan TevzaZe _ geografiis eqsperti, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis departamenti, saqarT- nobrivi disciplinebisTvis, romlebic skolaSi da sxva saganma-
velos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
naTleblo dawesebulebebSi garemosdacviTi sakiTxebis swavle-
manana beriZe _ borjomis # 6 sajaro skolis biologiis maswavlebeli basa da cnobierebis amaRlebas emsaxureba.
TinaTin ugrexeliZe _ borjomis # 6 sajaro skolis biologiis maswavlebeli

irina xelisufali _ borjomis # 3 sajaro skolis biologiis maswavlebeli

manana gelaSvili _ borjomis # 3 sajaro skolis geografiis maswavlebeli

irakli maWaraSvili _ biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, mwvane alternativa, iliassaxelmwifo

universitetis profesori

asmaT lali mesxi _ gaeros ganviTarebis programa

recenzentebi:

manana ratiani _ geografiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTa-

rebis erovnuli centris geografiis konsultanti

zurab janeliZe _ geografiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis de-

damiwis Semswavleli institutis geografiis departamentis xelmZRvane-
li

nato sulTaniSvili _ biologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, garemosdacviTi informaciisa da ga-

naTlebis centri, garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro

giorgi CiqviniZe _ dizainer-damkabadonebeli

F I NLA
IN .
M
ND
F OR

.FI

‫ڊڛڗڕڎښڊڌڛڗڔڎڏڑښڊڞڊڛ‬
‫ڛڒڋڎڛښڝڛڎښڒڏڒښڋڎږڝڋڊڍ‬ ULKOASIAINMINISTERIO
Empowered lives.
‫ڗښڜڛڒږڒڕڊڛڛڒڏڣڊڍ‬ UTRIKESMINISTERIET Resilient nations.

winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo Seiqmna gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) da fineTis mTavrobis mxarda-
WeriT, saqarTvelos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministrosa da saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa
da mecnierebis saministrosTan TanamSromlobiT.

gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli msazrebebi avtoriseulia da SeiZleba ar asaxavdes gaeros ganviTarebis programisa

(UNDP) da fineTis mTavrobis oficialur Tvalsazriss.

Tbilisi 2013
sarCevi
winasityvaoba
mokled wignis struqturis Sesaxeb ................................................................................. 5
Sesavali
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis istoria ...................................................................................6
garemo da garemos dacva ...........................................................................................................9
garemos degradacia, rogorc globaluri problema ......................................................10
saqarTvelos bunebrivi garemos zogadi daxasiaTeba ......................................................18
saqarTvelos ZiriTadi garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi ..........................................................21
wyali ................................................................................................................................................21
atmosferuli haeri ....................................................................................................................23
narCeni da qimiuri nivTierebebi .............................................................................................24
biomravalferovneba, daculi teritoriebi, tyiTsargebloba ....................................25
klimatis cvlileba da saadaptacio RonisZiebebi ............................................................26
Tavi 1 _ interaqtiuri swavlebis meTodebi ...........................................29
mini-leqcia ....................................................................................................................................29
sakiTxis ganxilva, igive dikusia .............................................................................................30
SemecnebiTi daTvaliereba, igive eqskursia ........................................................................32
gonebrivi ieriSi ..........................................................................................................................34
sakiTxis, ideis, proeqtis wardgena anu prezentacia .......................................................34
drama _ roluri TamaSi ..............................................................................................................35
sokratuli meTodi .....................................................................................................................37
keTebiT swavleba .........................................................................................................................37
TvalsaCinoebaze muSaobis meTodi ........................................................................................38
teqstze muSaoba ..........................................................................................................................38
proeqti ..........................................................................................................................................39
T-diagrama ......................................................................................................................................40
sxvadasxva interaqtiuri meTodis dros klasis organizebis zogierTi forma ......40
Tavi 2 _ dawyebiTi safexuri (I-VI klasebi) ...............................................42
Tavi 3 _ sabazo safexuri (VI I-IX klasebi) ...................................................60
danarTebi .................................................................................................................89
1. geografiuli obieqtebi da RirsesaniSnaobebi regionebis
da raionebis mixedviT ...........................................................................................89
2. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis kategoriebi, farTobebi ....................92
3. resursebi ................................................................................................................95
4. sakiTxavi literatura .......................................................................................... 96
5. gamoyenebuli literatura ................................................................................. 96
6. leqsikoni ................................................................................................................ 97
4 5
w i n a s i t yv
wi yvaoba
Tanamedrove msoflioSi, globaluri ekologiuri cvlilebebis, bunebrivi katastrofe-
bis gaxSirebis da Tanmdevi masStaburi materialuri Tu adamianuri danakargebis fonze,
mniSvnelovnad gaizarda moTxovna garemosdacviT ganaTlebasa da garemosdacviTi cno-
bierebis amaRlebaze.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadebulia skolis maswavlebelTaTvis, raTa maT gau-
advilos garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis danergva skolaSi, rogorc akademiuri saaTis, ise
klasgareSe muSaobis dros eko-klubebSi, sadac moswavleebi SeZleben garemoze dakvir-
vebas, kvlevebis Catarebas, sufTa da usafrTxo garemos dacvas, saWiro informaciis
mopovebas da miRebuli codnis cxovrebaSi gamoyenebas. saxelmZRvanelo agreTve gamo-
adgebaT umaRlesi saswavleblebis pedagogebsa da studentebs, romelTa saqmianobac da-
kavSirebulia garemos dacvis, bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi marTvisa da garemosdacvi-
Ti ganaTlebis sakiTxebTan.
maswavleblis wignSi warmodgenilia garemosdacviTi mTavari sakiTxebi da problemebi.
SesavalSi da danarTebSi mocemuli informacia moswavleebs daexmareba meore da mesame
TavebSi dasaxuli Sedegebis miRwevaSi da amocanebis SesrulebaSi, problemebis wvdomaSi
da saWiro unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebaSi. wignSi mocemuli rekomendaciebi Seesabameba cod-
nis im standarts, romelsac moswavle unda akmayofilebdes swavlis procesSi.
niSandoblivia, rom maswavleblis wigni moamzades borjomis municipalitetis skolebis
maswavleblebma, ganaTlebis saministros warmomadgenlis, qalbaton rusudan TevzaZis
xelmZRvanelobiT, romelic, rogorc sagnobrivi eqsperti, aqtiurad iyo CarTuli sa-
xelmZRvanelos Seqmnis procesSi. unda aRiniSnos garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis
saministros, ilias universitetisa da sxva eqspertebis monawileoba.
saxelmZRvanelo momzadda garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministros stra-
tegiis: „garemosdacviTi ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis: saqarTvelos 2012-14 ww
erovnuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma“ ganxorcielebis mxardasaWerad.
mokled wignis struqturis Sesaxeb
SesavalSi mokled aris gadmocemuli garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis istoria, ganmartebu-
lia ra aris garemos dacva, ra globaluri garemosdacviTi problemebis winaSe dgas dRes
msoflio, saqarTvelos bunebriv garemosa da ZiriTadi garemosdacviTi sirTuleebis
Sesaxeb.
pirvel TavSi ganmartebulia interaqtiuli swavlebis meTodebi, romlebic gamoadgebaT
maswavleblebs da moswavleebs swavlebis procesSi, rogorc akademiuri saaTis dros,
aseve eko-klubebSi klasgareSe muSaobisas.
meore da mesame ZiriTadi Tavebi efuZneba arsebul erovnul saswavlo gegmas da Seesa-
bameba sagnobriv standartebs. am TavebSi gansazRvrulia, ra Sedegebs unda miaRwios mos-
wavlem dawyebiT da sabazo safexurebze. TiToeuli Sedegis miRwevis Sesafaseblad mo-
cemulia ramdenime sazomi (indikatori) da qmedebebi (aqtivobebi), romelic saWiroa am
Sedegebis misaRwevad.
wignis bolos mocemulia leqsikoni, anu sityvaTa ganmarteba da gamoyenebuli litera-
turis sia.
danarTebSi Tavmoyrilia resursebi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebisa da cnobierebis amaR-
lebisTvis, damatebiT sakiTxavi literatura.
Sesavali
garemosdacviTi ganaTleba _ istoria
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis ideebis fuZemdeblebad frangi filosofosi da ganmanaTle-
beli Jan-Jak ruso da Sveicarieli naturalisti, Jan lui rodolfo agasizi iTvlebian.
garemosdacviTi moZraobisa da garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis Tanamedrove koncefciebis
Camoyalibebaze didi gavlena moaxdina me-20 saukuneSi momxdarma anTropogenulma eko-
logiurma katastrofebma, aseve sxvadaxva ekonomikurma da politikurma movlenebma,
romlebmac sazogadoebaSi socialuri protestis muxtis gaRvivebas Seuwyo xeli. maga-
liTad, aseTi iyo „didi depresiisa“1 da `mtvriani qvabis~2 saxeliT cnobili movlenebi,
romelsac adgili hqonda aSS-sa da kanadaSi me-20 saukunis 30–ian wlebSi. Tanamedrove
garemosdacviTi Sexedulebebis Camoyalibebaze udidesi roli iTamaSa am periodis moR-
vawem, aldo leopoldma (1887-1948). is iyo amerikeli mwerali, mecnieri, ekologi, met-
yeve da garemos damcveli, viskonsinis universitetis profesori. aldo leopoldi iyo
bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebis Sesaxeb mecnierebis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli. is gani-
xilavda veluri bunebis marTvas, rogorc bunebis mravalferovnebis aRdgenisa da Se-
narCunebis saSualebas; cdilobda garemosdacviTi eTikis normebis damkvidrebas buneb-
rivi resursebis gamoyenebisas. aldo leopoldi gardaicvala 1948 wels gulis SeteviT,
rodesac mezobel fermaSi xanZris CaqrobaSi monawileobda. misi yvelaze cnobili wigni
— A Sand County Almanac, romelic msoflio bestselerad iqca, misi sikvdilis mere, 1949
wels gamovida3.
garemosdacviT moZraobas xeli Seuwyo iseTma movlenebma, rogoricaa samoqalaqo ufle-
bebisaTvis brZola, vietnamis omi, `civi omi~, romlebic dapirispirebis mizezi gaxda
amerikis sazogadoebaSi. ufro metma adamianma daiwyo fiqri radiaciuli narCenebiTa da
pesticidebiT dabinZurebaze, haeris sisufTaveze. didi gavlena iqonia sazogadoebrivi
azris Camoyalibebaze reiCel karsonis wignis `mdumare wyaroebi~ gamoqveynebam. wigni
mogviTxrobs, Tu ra safrTxes warmoadgens mcenareebis Sesawamlad da mwerebisagan Ta-
vis dacvis mizniT pesticidebis ukontrolo gamoyeneba; aRwerilia procesi, romlis
drosac ddt (diqlor-difenil-triqloroeTani), anu igive „dusti“ da sxva pesticidebi
xvdeba kvebiT jaWvSi da anadgurebs im cxovelebsac, romlebzec zianis miyeneba ar iyo
1 4
didi depresia — industriuli qveynebis istoriaSi yvelaze masStaburi ekonomikuri vardna. gamowveuli
iyo aSS-s federaluri rezervis mier wlebis ganmavlobaSi gatarebuli mcdari monetaruli politikiT
2
inglisurad — Dust Bow — katastrofuli mtvriani qariSxlebis seria, romelic moxda aSS-sa da kanadaSi
1930-1940 wlebSi, romlis mizezi iyo rogorc anTropogenuli (eqstensiuri soflis meurneoba, niadagis
degradacia), ise bunebrivi (gvalva) faqtorebi. termini _ eqstensiuri soflis meurneoba, gamoiyeneba ro-
desac soflis meurneobisaTvis xdeba didi farTobebis aTviseba, xarisxobrivi gaumjobesebis gareSe hƩp://
www.scalloway.org.uk/farm6a.htm
meti informaciisTvis ix. www.aldoleopold.org
3
6 7
adamianis mier am pesticidebis gamoyenebis mizani4. reCel karsonis wignma rezonansi
gamoiwvia sazogadoebaSi. prezidentma jon kenedim mrCevelTa samecniero sabWos wignSi
wamoWrili sakiTxebis Seswavla daavala. sabWom daadastura reiCel karsonis daskvnebi,
ris Sedegadac ddt ufro mkacri saxelmwifo kontrolis qveS moeqca da sabolood, misi
gamoyeneba aikrZala. problemis aRiarebam samcdaaTian wlebSi bevri industriuli qveyana
aiZula, aekrZalaT ddt-sa da qimiuri SemadgenlobiT msgavsi nivTierebebis gamoyeneba.
dakanonda TamaSis axali wesebi, romlis Tanaxmadac sxvadaxva qimiuri nivTierebis mavne
zegavlenis Sesaxeb mtkicebis tvirTma pesticidebis momxmareblidan mwarmoeblebze
gadainacvla; anu mwarmoebeli valdebulia amtkicos, rom misi produqcia usafrTxoa da
ara momxmarebeli, rom is SesaZloa dazaraldes.
msoflios mowinave qveynebSi TandaTan Camoyalibda sazogadoebrivi azri garemosdac-
viTi ganaTlebis SemoRebis aucileblobis Sesaxeb. garemosdacviTi problemebis Sesa-
xeb cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT, 1970 wels aSS-s senatoris, geilord nelsonis ini-
ciativiT daarsda „dedamiwis dRe“, romelic 22 aprils aRiniSna5. Tavidan „dedamiwis
dRe“ mxolod aSS-Si aRiniSneboda, Tumca, 1990 wlidan saerTaSoriso masStabi miiRo da
axla 170-ze met qveyanaSi aRiniSneba (maT Soris saqarTveloSi). mogvianebiT, prezident
niqsonis iniciativiT, aSS-Si miiRes nacionaluri ganaTlebis aqti, romelic gulisxmob-
da saswavlo programebSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis sakiTxebis Setanas; xolo 1971 wels
Camoyalibda garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis erovnuli asociacia (amJamad Crdilo amerikis
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis asociacia ewodeba).
amave periodSi, garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis popularizaciiis kampania aSS-s farglebs
gascda da saerTaSoriso masStabi miiRo. gaeros ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis
organizaciisa (UNESCO) da gaeros garemosdacviTi programis (UNEP) egidiT, gasuli sa-
ukunis 70-ian wlebSi Catarda sami mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso forumi, romlebzec mi-
iRes am sferos fuZemdebeli dokumentebi: 1972 wlis ivnisSi stokholmSi miiRes „dek-
laracia adamianis garemos Sesaxeb“6, daarsda gaeros garemosdacviTi programa (UNEP); 1975
wlis 13-22 oqtombers belgradSi Catarda saerTaSoriso samuSao Sexvedra, romelmac mi-
iRo belgradis qartia. qartiam, stokholmis deklaraciaze dayrdnobiT, daazusta gare-
mosdacviTi ganaTlebis programebis miznebi, amocanebi da saxelmZRvanelo proncipebi.
1977 wlis 14-26 oqtombers TbilisSi, gaeros ganaTlebis, mecnierebisa da kulturis
organizaciisa (UNESCO) da gaeros garemosdacviTi programis (UNEP) organizebiT, Sed-
ga pirveli samTavrobaTaSoriso konferencia, romelmac SeimuSava `Tbilisis dekla-
racia garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb.~ dRemde iTvleba, rom msoflioSi garemos-
dacviTi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb Tanamedrove Sexedulebebs TbilisSi Caeyara safuZveli.
Tbilisis deklaraciaSi daixvewa is sakiTxebi, romlebic mocemuli iyo stokholmis dek-
laraciaSi da belgradis qartiaSi. Tbilisis deklaraciiT ganisazRvra, rom garemos-
dacviT ganaTlebas Zalze didi roli akisria globaluri garemos dacvasa da gaumjo-
besebaSi. konferenciaze ganisazRvra garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis roli, amocanebi da
damtkicda, rom ddt ar iSleboda; is xvdeboda wyalSi, niadagSi da Semdeg sxvadasxva organizmebSi. frin-
velebs, romlebic mwerebiTa da TevziT ikvebebodnen, gadaSenebis safrTxe daemuqraT, vinaidan pesticidebi
xels uSlida kvercxis naWuWSi kalcumis dagrovebas. kvercxis naWuWi imdenad Txeli iyo, rom Canasaxis ga-
mosaCekad mjdari frinvelis simZimes ver uZlebda.
aRniSnavs Crdilo naxevarsferoSi gazafxulisa da samxreT naxevarsferoSi Semodgomis dawyebis dRes Stapp,
5
W. et al. (1970, March). The concept of environmental educaƟon. EducaƟon Digest, 35(7), 8-10.
6
DeclaraƟon of the United NaƟons Conference on the Human Environment hƩp://www.unep.org/Documents.MulƟlingual/De-
fault.asp?DocumentID=97&ArƟcleID=1503
saxelmZRvanelo principebi. deklaraciaSi aRniSnulia: `garemosdacviTi ganaTleba aris
swavlis procesi, romelic mimarTulia rogorc garemosa da masTan dakavSirebuli ga-
mowvevebis Sesaxeb codnisa da sazogadoebrivi cnobierebis donis amaRlebisken, aseve am
gamowvevebis gadasaWrelad aucilebeli unarebisa da eqspertuli codnis ganviTarebisken
da xels uwyobs saTanado damokidebulebebis, motivaciis Camoyalibebas, romelic saWi-
roa informirebuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad da pasuxismgeblobiT ganmsWvaluli
qmedebebis gansaxorcieleblad~. garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis Tanamedrove ganmartebebic
praqtikulad imeorebs Tbilisis deklaraciis ZiriTad arss.
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis savaldebulo xasiaTis Sesaxeb moTxovna didi xania Cadebulia
Cveni qveynis kanonmdeblobaSi. damoukidebeli saqarTvelos konstituciis miRebis Semdeg
daiwyo erovnuli garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis Seqmnac. 1996 wels miRebul iqna kanoni
`garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~. am kanonma gansazRvra qveynis ZiriTadi principebi, xelisuflebis
ufleba-movaleobebi garemos dacvis sferoSi, maT Soris garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis
sakiTxSi. kerZod, kanonis me-8 muxlis (`ganaTleba garemos dacvis sferoSi~) Tanaxmad,
`sazogadoebriobis garemosdacviTi donis amaRlebisa da specialistebis momzadebis miz-
niT garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis erTiani sistema moicavs saganmanaTleblo saswavleblebis,
kadrebis momzadebisa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebis dawesebulebaTa qsels~. amave kanonis
me-9 muxli (`garemos dacvis safuZvlebis swavleba~) gansazRvravs, rom `garemosdacviTi
ganaTlebis erTiani sistema moicavs skolamdeli, dawyebiTi, sabazo, saSualo, profesiuli
da umaRlesi ganaTlebis etapebs~. amave muxlis meore punqti ki saganmanaTleblo dawese-
bulebis saswavlo programebs avalebs uzrunvelyos garemos dacvisa da misi resursebis
racionalurad gamoyenebis Sesaxeb savaldebulo codnis minimumis daufleba. saSualo,
profesiul da umaRles saswavleblebSi gansazRvrulia garemos dacvis marTvis, ekolo-
giisa da garemosdacviTi profilis sxva sagnebis specialuri kursiT swavleba.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2004 wlis 18 oqtombris N84 gankargulebiT `zogadi ganaTlebis
erovnuli miznebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb" ganisazRvra qveynis zogadi ganaTlebis erov-
nuli miznebi: `saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sistema miznad isaxavs, Seqmnas xelsay-
reli pirobebi erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis matarebeli, Tavisufali
pirovnebis CamoyalibebisaTvis. amasTan erTad, ganaTlebis sistema uviTarebs mozards
gonebriv da fizikur unar-Cvevebs, aZlevs saWiro codnas, amkvidrebs jansaRi cxovrebis
wess, moswavleebs uyalibebs liberalur da demokratiul Rirebulebebze damyarebul
samoqalaqo cnobierebas da exmareba maT ojaxis, sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos winaSe
sakuTari ufleba-movaleobebis gacnobierebaSi~. am gankargulebiT dadginda Sedegebi,
romlebic saWiroa am miznis miRwevisaTvis da romelTa miRebac unda SeZlos mozardma
saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSi miRebuli gamocdilebis safuZvelze. am Se-
degebSi mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia garemosdacviT Tematikas: `bunebrivi garemo pi-
robebis SenarCuneba da dacva: mozardma unda icodes, ra bunebriv garemoSi cxovrobs,
ra ziani SeiZleba miayenos garemos adamianis ama Tu im qmedebam, rogor SeinarCunos da
daicvas bunebrivi garemo~.
gaeros generalurma asambleam 2005-2014 wlebi gamoacxada `ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTa-
rebisaTvis“ aTwleulad. aTwleulis farglebSi mravalma saerTaSoriso da erovnulma
organizaciam SeimuSava strategia da samoqmedo gegma, aTwleulis miznebis gasaxorci-
eleblad.
saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 wlis 24 maisis #980 gankargulebiT damtkicda `garemos-
dacviTi ganaTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis: saqarTvelos 2012-2014 ww. erovnuli stra-
8 9
tegia da samoqmedo gegma". garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis strategiasa da samoqmedo gegmas,
romelic SemuSavda saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis CarCo-programis Seqmnis
mizniT, aqvs globaluri mizanic; strategiis miRebiT saqarTvelo SeuerTda im qveynebis
ricxvs, romlebsac ukve aqvT garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis politikuri CarCo da iReben
valdebulebas, imuSaon zogadsakacobrio mniSvnelobis sakiTxebze.
am strategiis gegmis ganxorcielebisTvis saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro mWid-
rod iTanamSromlebs saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrosTan, sxva Sesaba-
mis samTavrobo struqturebTan da dainteresebul mxareebTan. strategiis mTavari amocanaa
saqarTveloSi garemosdacviTi cnobierebis amaRleba da qveynis mdgradi ganviTareba.
amrigad, gaeros garemosdacviTi programis (UNEP) mier miRebuli ganmartebis mixedviT,
romelic Caiwera Tbilisis deklaraciaSi, garemosdacviTi ganaTleba gulisxmobs:
 garemosa da garemosdacviTi gamowvevebis/problemebis Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmavebas;
 garemosdacviTi problemebis gadaWrisaTvis aucilebeli unarebisa da eqspertuli
codnis ganviTarebas;
 moqalaqeobrivi damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas, informirebuli gadawyvetilebe-
bis miRebisa da pasuxismgeblobiT ganmsWvaluli qmedebebis ganxorcielebisTvis.
garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis saboloo mizans warmoadgens garemosdacviTi Tvalsazri-
siT ganaTlebuli moqalaqeebis Camoyalibeba, romelTac esmiT garemosdacviTi prob-
lemebi da is, Tu ra zegavlenas axdens adamianis qmedeba garemos xarisxze. es codna maT
unda gamoiyenon informirebuli, kargad dasabuTebuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad,
socialuri da politikuri realobisa da prioritetebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
garemo da garemos dacva
metad mniSvnelovania ganvmartoT gansxvaveba ekologiasa da garemos dacvas Soris, rad-
gan xSirad erevaT terminebi „ekologia“ da „garemos dacva“7 . ekologia aris mecnierebis
dargi, romelic cocxal organizmebsa da garemos Soris urTierTkavSirebs swavlobs.
garemos dacva aris qmedebaTa mTeli jaWvi, romlis mizania bunebrivi garemos SenarCu-
neba da dacva.
samarTlebrivi ganmartebis Tanaxmad: „garemos dacva aris administraciul, sameurneo,
teqnologiur, politikur-samarTlebriv da sazogadoebriv RonisZiebaTa erToblioba,
romelic uzrunvelyofs garemoSi arsebuli bunebrivi wonasworobis SenarCunebas da
aRdgenas8“.. garemos dacvis problemebs rom SevexoT, saWiroa gvesmodes organizmebsa
da garemos Soris arsebuli rTuli da saTuTi urTierToba, xolo ekologia swored am
codnas gvTavazobs. magaliTad, Tu Cven gvecodineba, rom Warbi fosfati xels uwyobs
tbebSi wyalmcenareebis zrdas, wyalmcenareebis gamravlebisa da daWaobebisgan da-
sacavad SevzRudavT tbis midamoebSi fosfatiT mdidari sasuqebis gamoyenebas. am Se-
zRudvisaTvis, anu garemos dasacavad saWiroa samarTlebrivi meqanizmis SemuSaveba da
sameurneo teqnologiis daxvewa.
7
es aris globaluri problema da marto saqarTvelosTvis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli. ix. nil kempbeli, jein b.
risi, 2009, biologia. me-7 gamocema, ilias saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba. www.iliauni.edu.ge
8
saqarTvelos kanoni „garemos dacvis Sesaxeb“.
garemo aris dedamiwaze gavrcelebuli yvela cocxali arsebisa da aracocxali sagnis
erToblioba; adgili, sadac xorcieldeba urTierToba cocxal saxeobaTa Soris. arse-
bobs bunebrivi da adamianis ZalisxmeviT Seqmnili garemo. bunebrivi garemo Sedgeba ori
nawilisagan:
1. ekologiuri erTeulebi, romlebic adamianis Carevis gareSe funqcionireben, ro-
gorc bunebrivi sistemebi da garkveuli fizikuri sazRvrebi gaaCniaT: mcenareul oba,
cxovelebi, mikroorganizmebi, niadagi, kldeebi da sxva bunebrivi fenomenebi.
2. bunebrivi resursebi da fizikuri fenomenebi, romlebsac, cxadia, sazRvrebi ar gaaC-
niaT da ar arian warmoSobili adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad: aseTebia haeri, wyali,
klimati, energia, radiacia, eleqtroba, magnituri veli da sxva.
garemos elementebia: flora, fauna, niadagi, wyali, atmosferuli haeri, klimati, land-
Safti, adamianebi, materialuri faseulobebi, kulturuli memkvidreoba da aseve, Camo-
Tvlil elementebs Soris urTierTqmedeba.
zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, kidev ufro gasagebi xdeba „garemos“ kanonismieri gan-
marteba: bunebrivi garemosa da adamianis mier saxecvlili (kulturuli) garemos er-
Toblioba, romelic moicavs urTierTdamokidebulebaSi myof cocxal da aracocxal,
SenarCunebul da adamianis mier saxecvlil bunebriv elementebs, bunebriv da anTropo-
genul landSaftebs.
garemos degradacia, rogorc globaluri problema
2004 wels gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam gamoaqveyna angariSi `ufro usafrTxo
msoflio: Cveni saerTo pasuxismgebloba~9. masSi gaanalizebulia kacobriobis winaSe ar-
sebuli yvela globaluri safrTxe, romelic emuqreba saerTaSoriso uSiSroebasa da mSvi-
dobas. am dokumentSi naCvenebia, rom Cven vcxovrobT iseT epoqaSi, sadac yvela safr-
Txe mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da mis winaSe Zlierica da sustic erTnairad
ususuria. globaluri safrTxe, romlis aRmofxvrazec msoflio sazogadoebam unda
izrunos momavali aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, 6 jgufad (klasterad) daiyo. maT Soris
erT-erTia garemos degradacia, romelic ganxilulia siRaribesTan da infeqciur daa-
vadebebTan kavSirSi.
garemos degradacia SeiZleba ganimartos, rogorc adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad bio-
sferosTvis miyenebuli zarali. es xdeba maSin, rodesac adamiani ufro swrafad iTvisebs
bunebriv resursebs, vidre bunebas SeuZlia maTi Sevseba-ganaxleba; roca dabinZureba
Seuqcevad, gamousworebel zians ayenebs garemos an roca adamianebi, ekonomikuri gan-
viTarebis mizniT, azianeben da anadgureben bunebriv ekosistemebs. garemos degradacia
SesaZlebelia gamoxatuli iyos mravali formiT. maT Sorisaa (magram mxolod amiT ar
Semoifargleba) gaudabnoeba, tyeebis ganadgureba, saxeobaTa gadaSeneba, dabinZureba.
garemos degradaciis mTavari gamomwvevi mizezebia: mosaxleobis simravle da mWidro
dasaxleba, araswori urbanuli dagegmareba, samrewvelo dabinZureba, narCenebis dag-
roveba, intensiuri soflis meurneoba, Warbi TevzWera da nadiroba, industrializacia,
ucxo saxeobebis gavrceleba. am uaryofiTi faqtorebis zegavlenas aZlierebs da xSir
9
A more secure world: Our shared responsibility. 2004, Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, United
NaƟons Department of Public InformaƟon, ExecuƟve summary 9 p. hƩp://www.un.org/secureworld/brochure.pdf
10
SemTxvevaSi, ganapirobebs kidec, garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobisa da regulaciebis sim-
wire da sisuste.
gaudabnoeba aris miwis degradacia aridul, semiaridul da mSral sub-humidur terito-
riebze. degradacia SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos klimaturi da sxva bunebrivi faqtorebiT,
magram adamianis saqmianoba pirdapir zegavlenas axdens am procesze. gaudabnoeba dRes
gacilebiT swrafad mimdinareobs, vidre odesme dedamiwis istoriaSi. Cveulebriv, es
xdeba mWidrod dasaxlebul adgilebSi, intensiuri miwaTmoqmedebisa da Zovebis Sede-
gad. gaudabnoebis Sedegad mcirdeba (ikargeba) biomravalferovneba, xolo niadagis na-
yofiereba qveiTdeba. mravalferovani bunebrivi ekosistemebi icvleba erTgvarovaniT
(erTi dominanti saxeobisgan Semdgari). mcenareuli safaris aseTi cvlileba miuTiTebs
regionSi mimdinare gaudabnoebis procesze. madagaskaris aborigeni mosaxleobis mier
kunZulis centralur zeganze soflis meurneobis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneboda e.w. „ga-
Cexvisa da gadawvis“ meTodi (slash-and-burn). gaudabnoebis procesis Sedegad qveynis teri-
toris 10% sruliad unayofo gaxda. dRes madagaskaris es nawili, da samwuxarod, kidev
araerTi adgili dedamiwaze, mTvaris zedapirs ufro mogvagonebs, vidre dedamiwisTvis
damaxasiaTebel landSafts.
tyeebis ganadgureba (deforestation) garemos degradaciis erT-erTi yvelaze mZlavri da
mzardi komponentia. tyiani masivebis adgils ikavebs utyeo sivrceebi: sarwyavi miwebi,
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi, nakafebi (gaCexili tyeebi) da narCenebiT dabinZu-
rebuli poligonebi. tyis safaris ganadgureba SesaZloa gamoiwvios rogorc adamianis
saqmianobam, rogoricaa soflis meurneoba, urbanizacia, aramdgradi satyeo meurneoba,
ukontrolo Zoveba, wiaRisa da navTobis mopoveba, ise bunebrivma kataklizmebma, rogo-
ricaa cunami, tyis xanZrebi, vulkanis amofrqveva, gamyinvareba da gaudabnoeba (es pro-
cesic adamianis saqmianobiT imarTeba). tyeebis ganadgureba gansakuTrebulad swrafad
mimdinareobs, rodesac ramdenime faqtori erTdroulad moqmedebs, magaliTad: tyis xan-
Zrebi, Cexva da Zoveba (iwvevs aRmonacenis ganadgurebas da xels uSlis bunebriv ganax-
lebas). sxvadasxva ekologiurma da biogeografiulma faqtorma SesaZloa, kidev ufro
daamZimos anTropogenuli zemoqmedebis Sedegebi.
adamianis mier gamowveuli tyis ganadgurebis Sedegebi SesaZloa ramdenadme Semsubuqdes
tyis dacviTi da aRdgeniTi (gaSeneba) RonisZiebebiT; Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom tyis
xelaxali gaSeneba ver moaxdens biomravalferovnebis danakargis kompensirebas.
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebam meqsikaSi, braziliasa da indoneziaSi gamoiwvia mosa-
xleobis didi nawilis gadasaxleba tropikuli wvimis tyeebis zonaSi, ramac gazarda tyis
safaris dakargvis siCqare. 1960-dan 1990 wlamde ganadgurda msoflios tropikuli tyeebis
mexuTedi. tropikuli tyeebis eqspluataciis aseTi tempis SenarCunebis SemTxvevaSi, 2090
wlisaTvis isini mTlianad ganadgurdeba. tropikuli wvimis tyeebis mospoba gaxmaurebuli
problemaa da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis yuradRebas ipyrobs. magram dRes tropikuli
mSrali tyeebis ganadgurebis tempi ufro maRalia. es teritoriebi gaCexvisa da gadawvis
meTodiT sufTavdeba tyis safarisagan da gamoiyeneba sameurneo savargulebad. Zlier
nadgurdeba zomier da Crdilo sartyelSi SemorCenili tyeebic. xeluxlebeli tyeebis
75% mdebareobs sam qveyanaSi: ruseTSi, braziliasa da kanadaSi. kanadis tyeebis mxolod 8%
aris daculi Wrisgan. 50%-ze meti ukve moniSnuli aqvT mosaWrelad satyeo industriaSi
momuSave kompaniebs. maT mier gamoiyeneba pirwminda Wris meTodi. erTi piwmindad mosaW-
reli poligonis farTobi SesaZloa, 10 000 heqtars aRematebodes10 .
10
www.wri.org
11
tyis safaris ganadgureba mravali saxis uaryofiT efeqts axdens garemoze:
 tye monawileobs naxSirbadisa da Jangbadis brunvaSi. tyeebi, udidesi mwvane masis ga-
mo, atmosferoSi airebis Semadgenlobas gansazRvravs, maTi Semcireba ki iwvevs at-
mosferos dabinZurebas.
 tyis safaris Semcireba aris globaluri daTbobis erT-erTi ganmpirobebeli. xeebi
da sxva mcenareebi fotosinTezis procesSi STanTqaven naxSirs (naxSirbadis oqsidis,
anu naxSirorJangis saxiT). tyeebis ganadgurebisa da dawvis dros, es STanTqmuli na-
xSiri ukan, atmosferoSi brundeba.
 tyeeebi mdidaria biomravalferovnebiT, isini warmoadgenen habitats (sabinadro ga-
remos) gareuli cxovlebis mravali populaciisaTvis. tyeebis ganadgurebisa da deg-
radaciis Sedegad, gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe dadga cxovelTa uamravi populacia,
araerTi saxeoba ki mTlianad gaqra.
 tyeebi da saerTod, mcenareebi monawileoben hidrologiur ciklSi, anu wylis brunvaSi.
xeebi iwovs niadagidan wyals da aorTqlebs foTlebis saSualebiT; fesvebi amcirebs
Camonadens, xels uwyobs wlis infiltracias, aorTqlebis Sedegad amcirebs niadagis
tenianobas, afxvierebs niadags da xels uwyobs wylis dagrovebas.
 tyeebis ganadgurebis Sedegad icvleba (mcirdeba) wylis moculoba zedapiruli wyal-
satevebisa (nakadulebi, wyaroebi, mdinareebi, tbebi) da miwisqveSa wylebis rezer-
vuarebSi, aseve atmosferoSi. amiT izrdeba eroziis siCqare. wyali ufro Znelad mi-
sawvdomi resursi xdeba rogorc ekosistemebis funqcionirebisaTvis, ise adamianTa
saWiroebisaTvis. tyeebis gaCexva xels uwyobs wyaldidobebs.
 tyis safaris ganadgureba, rogorc wesi, iwvevs niadagis erozias, vinaidan izrdeba
Camonadenis siCqare da cocxali xeebis fesvebi veRar icavs niadags. tyis Wras Tan ax-
lavs satyeo gzebis gayvana, mZime teqnikis moZraoba, moTreviTa da dacurebiT mo-
rebis gamozidva, rac kidev ufro aZlierebs niadagis erozias. gansakuTrebiT saSiSia
tyeebis gaCexva ferdobebze, radgan niadagis erozias mosdevs masStaburi mewyerebi.
CineTSi, loesis zeganze saukuneebis win mTlianad gaiCexa tye. mZlavrma eroziulma pro-
cesebma odesRac tyiani landSafti naxevarudabnod aqcia. swored es naxevarudabno aZ-
levs mdinare xuanxes (Cinurad `yviTeli mdinare~) yviTel fers. mdinaris meore saxeli _
`CineTis ubedureba~, aseve tyeebis gaCexvas ukavSirdeba _ yovelwliurad itboreba mdi-
naris qveda dinebaSi udidesi farTobi, rasac adamianTa msxverpli da sacxovreblebis
ganadgureba mosdevs.
eTiopia erT-erTi yvelaze Warbdasaxlebuli qveyanaa afrikis kontinentze. gasuli sau-
kunis bolos SimSilma aTiaTasobiT adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla (es procesi dResac
grZeldeba). masiuri SimSiloba gamoiwvia gvalvebma da bunebrivi resursebis ganadgu-
rebam. didma simWidrovem aiZula adamianebi, aeTvisebinaT tyis masivebi. tyeebs Cexavdnen
da yiddnen SeSad, xolo nakafebs saZovrad an gadawvis Semdeg, marcvleuli kulturebis
mosayvanad iyenebdnen.
aseT mSral adgilebSi tyis safaris ganadgureba amcirebs wvimis mosvlis Sansebs, rac
isedac iSviaToba iyo am teritoriaze. tyeebi eTiopiaSi did rols TamaSobda niadagis
dacvaSi — icavda gamorecxvisgan da inaxavda tens. meoce saukunis dasawyisSi daaxloebiT
42 milioni heqtari, anu eTiopiis teritoriis 35%, tyiT iyo dafaruli. 2005 wlisaTvis
12
tyiani iyo mxolod 13 milioni heqtari _ qveynis teritoriis 11,9%. 1990-2005 wlebSi
qveyanam dakarga Tavisi tyeebis 14% _ 2,1 milioni heqtari. yovelwliurad nadgurdeba
141 000 heqtari tye. amis Sedegad nilosis wylebi niadags mTlianad recxavs da Caaqvs
mezobel qveynebSi, sudansa da egvipteSi, sadac miwebi Zalze nayofieria.11
gaeros soflis meurneobisa da sursaTis organizaciis (FAO) monacemebis mixedviT,
dResdReobiT xeluxlebeli tyeebi yvelaze swrafad nigeriaSi nadgurdeba. ukanaskneli 5
wlis ganmavlobaSi daikarga xeluxlebeli tyeebis naxevarze meti. tyis safaris mospobis
mizezebia samrewvelo Wra, soflis meurneoba da SeSis mopoveba (sakvebis mosamzadeblad).
aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom nigeria, navTobisa da gazis mopovebis mixedviT, erT-erTi mowinave
qveyanaa msoflioSi, amavdroulad, erT-erT uRaribesi qveyanacaa.
indoneziaSi dReisaTvis SemorCenilia msoflios tropikuli tyeebis 10%. am qveyanaSi yo-
velwliurad pirwmindad iWreba daaxloebiT belgiis zomis teritoria. mTavroba saSualebas
aZlevs multi-nacionalur kompaniebs, gaCexon milionobiT heqtari bunebrivi tye, ris
adgilsac plantaciebi ikavebs. xelisuflebas miaCnia, rom es saWiroa saerTaSoriso valis
dasafarad da ekonomikis gasaviTareblad. sinamdvileSi, tyis aseTi Cexva dakavSirebulia
korufciasTan indoneziis xelisuflebis maRal fenebSi da aralegalur WrasTan. sxvadasxva
saerTaSoriso organizaciebis monacemebis mixedviT, indoneziaSi warmoebuli merqnis 88%
ukanonodaa mopovebuli, maT Soris erovnuli parkebis teritoriaze. ukanonod mopovebuli
merqnis ZiriTadi nawilis qveynidan gatana xdeba malaiziis gavliT12.
aralegaluri Wra farTod gavrcelebuli problemaa, romelic udides zians ayenebs tyis
ekosistemebs, adgilobriv Temebsa da mwarmoebeli qveynis ekonomikas. aralegaluri
Wris moculobis dadgena Znelia, Tumca miCneulia, rom yvelaze `cxel wertilebSi~ _
amazonis auzSi, samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi, centralur afrikaSi, ruseTis federaciaSi,
moWrili merqnis naxevarze meti ukanonoa. msoflio bankis monacemebiT, braziliis ama-
zoniaSi warmoebuli Wris 80%, boliviaSi _ 80% da kolumbiaSi _ 42% ukanonoa. 2002 wels
bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis (WWF InternaƟonal) mier afrikaSi Catarebulma kvlevam
daadgina ukanono Wris Semdegi maCveneblebi: kameruni _ 50%, ekvatoruli gvinea da ga-
boni _ 70%, liberia _ 80%. msoflio bankis monacemebiT, aralegalurad mopovebuli
merqniT vaWrobis Sedegad, merqnis mwarmoebeli qveynebis ekonomika yovelwliurad 10-
15 miliardi evros zarals ganicdis.
tyiani ekosistemebis ganadgurebas mWidrod ukavSirdeba saxeobaTa gadaSeneba, gare-
mos degradaciis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani komponenti. biologiaSi saxeobaTa gadaSe-
nebaSi igulisxmeba bunebaSi saxeobis an taqsonis arsebobis Sewyveta, rac iwvevs biomra-
valferovnebis Semcirebas. dedamiwaze odesme mobinadre saxeobebis 99% dReisaTvis
gadaSenebulia. saxeobaTa gadaSeneba evoluciis Tanamdevi procesia. TiToeul saxeo-
bas Tavisi arsebobis xangrZlivoba gaaCnia, rasac biologiuri kanonzomierebebi gan-
sazRvravs. bunebrivi siCqariT gadaSenebas enacvleboda xolme saxeobaTa masobrivi
gadaSenebebi, romelTa mizezi SeiZleba yofiliyo didi zomis meteoritis Sejaxeba de-
damiwasTan, miwisZvra, vulkanis amofrqveva, cunami da sxva bunebrivi kataklizmebi. bo-
lo ramodenime saukunis ganmavlobaSi saxeobaTa gadaSenebis da Sesabamisad, biomraval-
ferovnebis dakargvis mZlavri gamomwvevi faqtori gaxda adamianis saqmianoba. bunebis
11
www.fao.org
12
informaciisaTvis ix.www.eia-internaƟonal.org
13
dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) monacemebiT, am mizeziT 1600-dan 2000 wlamde ga-
daSenda ZuZumwovrebis 83, frinvelebis 128, qvewarmavlebis 21, amfibiebis 5, Tevzebis
80, mrgvalpirianebis 1, mwerebis 72, kibosnairebis 8 saxeoba. dReisaTvis gadaSenebis mim-
dinare siCqare (bunebrivi gadaSeneba + adamianis mier ganadgurebuli saxeobebi) weli-
wadSi 27000 saxeobas udris (yvela cocxali organizmis, maT Soris mikroorganizmebis
gaTvaliswinebiT). gadaSenebis aseTi maCvenebeli dinozavrebis gaqrobis Semdeg aRar
yofila Cvens planetaze13.
biologiuri mravalferovneba, anu biomravalferovneba aris dedamiwaze arsebuli si-
cocxlis formebis mravalferovneba ekosistemebis14, saxeobebisa15 da genebis16 doneze.
sxva sityvebiT, biomravalferovneba aris mocemuli konkretuli teritoriis (dedamiwis,
kontinentis, regionis, qveynis an sxva raime geografiuli erTeulis) farglebSi arsebu-
li cocxali formebis erToblioba. rac ufro metia am geografiuli erTeulis fargleb-
Si mcenareTa da cxovelTa saxeobebis, landSaftebisa da ekosistemebis simravle, miT
ufro maRalia am teritoriis biomravalferovnebis maCvenebeli. biomravalferovnebis
Sefasebisas didi mniSvneloba aqvs ara mxolod saxeobaTa simravles, aramed maT Soris
iSviaTi, endemuri17 da reliqturi18 saxeobebis raodenobasac.
2005 wels gamoqveynebul dokumentSi `ekosistemebis Sefaseba aTaswleulebis mijnaze~19
naTqvamia, rom adamianis mier bunebrivi garemos ganadgurebas yvelaze didi masStabi
aqvs evropis kontinentze. dasavleT evropis tyeebis mxolod 1-3% miekuTvneba xelux-
lebeli, anu pirveladi tyeebis kategorias; 1950 wlis Semdeg evropam dakarga wyalWar-
bi teritoriebis (anu tbebi, mdinareebi da Waobebi) naxevarze meti; evropaSi arsebuli
saxeobebidan, gadaSenebis pirasaa ZuZumwovrebis 42%, frinvelebis 43%, peplebis 45%, am-
fibiebis 30%, qvewarmavlebis 45% da mtknari wylis Tevzebis 52%. evropis mcenareTa 800
saxeoba sruli gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSea.
biomravalferovnebis safrTxis sxvadasxva klasifikacia arsebobs, Tumca, bolo wleb-
Si mecnierebi gamoyofen Semdeg mTavar safrTxes: sabinadro garemos ganadgureba, deg-
radacia da fragmentacia, Warbi mopoveba, ucxo saxeobebis Semoyvana, garemos dabin-
Zureba da klimatis cvlileba (Primack, 2008)20 .
SesaZloa, daisvas aseTi kiTxva: ra mniSvneloba aqvs, iqneba Tu ara biologiuri mraval-
13
www.iucn.org
14
ekosistema _ mcenareebis, cxovelebisa da mikroorganizmebis bunebrivi gaerTianeba konkretul teri-
toriaze, romlebic erToblivad funqcionireben da urTierTqmedeben garemos aracocxal (abiotur) faq-
torebTan.
15
saxeoba _ organizmebis erToblioba, romelTaTvisac damaxasiaTebelia morfo-fizilogiuri da bio-
logiuri niSan-Tvisebebis msgavseba, Tavisufali Sejvareba da nayofieri STamomavloba, msgavsi sabinadro
garemo. mag., saxeoba aris mTis arwivi, mura daTvi, kolxuri bza.
16
geni _ memkvidruli masalis (informaciis) erTeuli.
17
endemi _ saxeoba, romelic gavrcelebulia mxolod konkretul geografiul arealSi da sxvagan arsad. mag.,
dasavleT kavkasiuri jixvi binadrobs mxolod kavkasionis dasavleT nawilSi da sxvagan arsad msoflioSi,
amitom ewodeba dasavleT kavkasionis endemi.
18
reliqti _ saxeoba, romelic mcire arealSi aris SemorCenili warsuli geologiuri epoqidan.
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005. Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis. World Resources InsƟtute,
19
Washington, DC. www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.354.aspx.pdf
20
Richard B. Primack. 2008, A Primer of ConservaƟon Biology, Fourth EdiƟon, Sinauer Associate Inc. 292 p.
14
ferovneba, ra icvleba romelime mweris an amfibiis yofna-aryofniT? bunebaSi saxeobaTa
mravalferovneba ganapirobebs ekosistemis mdgradobas. dRes dedamiwis biomasis 40%-
ze mets Seadgens erTeuli raodenobis saxeobebi _ adamiani, Sinauri Cliqosani cxo-
velebisa da kulturuli marcvlovani mcenareebis jiSebi. gadaSenebuli saxeobebis
habitatebi daikava adamianis sacxovrebelma, saZovrebma, saxnav-saTesma miwebma da plan-
taciebma, anu mravalferovani ekosistemebi erTgvarovani gaxda. es niSnavs, rom romelime
erTma faqtorma (mag., baqteriulma daavadebam) SesaZloa, masiuri gadaSeneba gamoiwvios
dedamiwis did nawilze. magaliTad, warmovidginoT tye, sadac biomasas qmnida ramdenime
aTeuli saxeobis merqniani xe-mcenare, buCqi, balaxi, iq mobinadre gareuli nadir-frin-
veli. am adgilas adamianma qaTmebis didi ferma aaSena, anu am teritoriaze biomasas
axla mxolod Sinauri qaTami Seadgens. qaTmis gripma, romelic mxolod am jiSisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli daavadebaa, SeiZleba mTeli ferma gaanadguros, anu biomasis didi nawi-
li aRar iarsebebs. bunebriv pirobebSi ki qaTmis gripi verafers daaklebda tyis frin-
velebis umetesobas, mcenareulobasa da cxovelebs, amitom biomasis didi nawili gadar-
Ceboda. mecnierTa varaudiT, Tu SenarCunda da gagrZelda saxeobaTa gadaSenebis tempi
da tendencia, ekosistemebis stabiluroba imdenad Semcirdeba, rom globalur ekosis-
temas (dedamiwas) daRupva elodeba.
dabinZureba garemos degradaciis mniSvnelovani faqtoria, romelic SesaZloa, degra-
daciis zemoTdaxasiaTebuli romelime formis (gadaSeneba, gaudabnoeba, tyeebis gana-
dgureba) mizezi gaxdes. misi saxeebia: biologiuri, mikrobiologiuri, meqanikuri, qimiuri,
fizikuri (Termuli, sinaTliT, xmauriT, eleqtromagnituri da radiaciuli) dabinZureba.
garemos dabinZurebis ZiriTadi formebia: haeris dabinZureba, wylis dabinZureba, niada-
gis dabinZureba (hidrokarbonatebiT, mZime metalebiT, herbicidebiT, pesticidebiT da
sxv.), radiaciuli dabinZureba, xmauriT dabinZureba (TviTmfrinavebis, satransporto
arteriebisa da industriuli xmauri da sxv.), sinaTliT dabinZureba (moicavs zedmetad
ganaTebasa da astronomiul gamosxivebas), vizualuri dabinZureba (mag., eleqtrogadamcemi
xazebi, bilbordebi saavtomobilo trasebis gayolebaze, wiaRiseulis mosapovebeli Ria
karierebiT damaxinjebuli landSafti, municipaluri nagavsayrelebi), Termuli dabin-
Zureba (bunebrivi wyalsatevebis temperaturis cvlileba adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad).
maTi zogadi daxasiaTebac ki Zalze Sors wagviyvanda, vinaidan zemoT CamoTvlili Ti-
Toeuli maTgani kidev mraval qvesaxeobad iyofa. magaliTad, haeris dabinZureba niSnavs
atmosferul haerSi misTvis aradamaxasiaTebeli fizikuri, qimiuri nivTierebebisa da
biologiuri organizmebis gafrqvevas an haeris Semadgeneli komponentebis bunebrivi
Tanafardobis Secvlas. atmosferuli haeris ZiriTadi damabinZurebeli elementebia:
naxSirbadis oqsidi, azotis oqsidebi, gogirdis dioqsidi, naxSirwyalbadebi, aldehide-
bi, mZime liTonebi (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr), atmosferuli mtveri. atmosferoSi naxSirbadis
oqsidebis koncentraciis gazrda moqmedebs globalur daTbobaze, xolo gogirdis oq-
sidisa _ iwvevs mJavur wvimebs. garemos dabinZurebas iwvevs didi raodenobiT narCenebis
dagroveba da narCenebis marTvis sistemis ararseboba.
globaluri daTboba, anu klimatis cvlileba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani garemosdacviTi
problemaa. bolo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi dedamiwis atmosferosa da okeaneebis sa-
Sualo temperatura SesamCnevad gaizarda. mecnierebi varaudoben, rom amaze didi ze-
gavlena iqonia adamianis saqmianobam. naxSirorJangis da sxva saTburis airebis (greenhouse
gas) koncentraciis momateba ukavSirdeba wiaRiseuli sawvavis (navTobi, meTani, qvanaxSiri
15
da sxv.) gamoyenebas, tyeebis gaCexvas, soflis meurneobas da adamianis sxva aqtivobebs. yofen garemos dacvis problemebs da ar asaxaven amas kanonmdeblobaSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi
saTburi efeqtis moqmedebas aZlierebs freonebic21, romlebic aseve Slian ozonis Sres. kanoni arsebobs, magram kanonis aRsrulebis done Zalze dabalia23.

mecnierebi miiCneven, rom Tu gagrZelda saTburi airebis am doniT dagroveba, dedamiwa- indoneziis SemTxveva, romelzec zemoT gvqonda saubari, amis naTeli magaliTia: mTavro-
ze saSualo temperatura 30C-iT moimatebs. globaluri daTboba gamoiwvevs sxva glo- ba ambobs, rom fuli sWirdeba saerTaSoriso valis gasastumreblad da ekonomikis ga-
balur cvlilebebsac dedamiwaze; moimatebs zRvis done da Seicvleba tenianobis maCve- saviTareblad da kompaniebs nebas rTavs, pirwmindad gakafon unikaluri tropikuli tyee-
neblebi. am cvlilebebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios gaxSirebuli katastrofuli movlenebi: bi; regulaciebis sisustis gamo, aq ukanono Wra da merqniT vaWroba Cveulebrivi ambavia.
qariSxlebi, wyaldidobebi, gvalvebi, myinvarebis dnoba; daaCqaros biologiuri saxeo-
postkomunistur ungreTSi Catarebuli miwis reformis Sedegad, tyeebis 20% `patronis
bebis gadaSeneba; Sedegad Semcirdeba soflis meurneobis produqcia da sasmeli wylis
gareSe~ aRmoCnda. pirwminda Wram, rasac upiratesoba eniWeboda tyis resursebis marTvisas,
maragi.
TiTqmis mTlianad Seiwira tyeebis biomravalferovneba. dRes aq tyeebs qveynis terito-
ZiriTadi globaluri garemosdacviTi problebebi SeiZleba amgvari saxiT gamoisaxos22 riis mxolod 18,4% ukavia. mxolod fragmentebad aris darCenili bunebrvi tyeebi, romel-
Tac raime konservaciuli Rirebuleba gaaCniaT. danarCeni plantaciebi an saxeSecvlili
koromebia, sadac araadgilobrivi merqniani saxeobebi dominirebs. ungreTis Sesvlam ev-
biomravalferovnebis
ganadgureba
ZiriTadi rokavSirSi garkveuli dadebiTi efeqti iqonia tyeebze. qveyana iZulebuli iyo, gaefar-
Toebina daculi teritoriebis qseli, evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Sesabamisad24 .
 habitatebis ganadgureba
garemosdacviTi
 habitatebis degradacia problemebi eTiopiis mTavrobam, mas Semdeg, rac TvalnaTliv dainaxa, rom tyeebis ganadgurebam siRa-
 saxeobebis gadaSeneba ribe da SimSili moutana qveyanas, SeimuSava garkveuli programebi. daiwyo moqalaqeebis
ekologiuri cnobierebis amaRlebaze zrunva. nebismieri adamiani, qali Tu kaci, romelic
moWris xes, valdebulia, mis adgilas axali xe dargos.
haeris dabinZureba sakvebiT uzrunvelyofis
problemebi
braziliaSi gaweulma konservaciulma RonisZiebebma: (Seiqmna da efeqturad imarTeba
 globaluri klimatis cvlileba ramdenime erovnuli parki), ixsna tropikuli tyeebis mniSvnelovani nawili gaCexvisagan.
 stratosferos ozonis daSla  gadaZoveba
 urbanuli haeris dabinZureba  sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis
istoriulad, Ciles ekonomikaSi did rols TamaSobda samTo-mompovebeli mrewveloba
dakargva da degradacia
 mJavuri naleqebi
 Warbteniani teritoriebis (wiaRiseulis mopoveba). Cile msoflio lideria spilenZis (weliwadSi 5 mln tona, rac
 atmosferuli haeris dabinZureba
dakargva da degradacia msoflioSi mopovebulis 36%-s Seadgens), liTiumisa da iodis mopovebaSi, xolo mo-
 SenobebSi haeris dabinZureba
 Warbi TevzWera
 xmauri  sanapiros dabinZureba
povebuli molibdenisa da vercxlis raodenobis mixedviT mesamea. ukanaskneli 20 wlis
 niadagebis erozia ganmavlobaSi mrewveloba gaizarda 500%-iT. wiaRiseuli mopovebis 150 wliani istoriis
 niadagebis damlaSeba Sedegad uzarmazari raodenobiT narCeni dagrovda. didi farTobebia dabinZurebuli
wylis dabinZureba  wylis nakleboba oqrosa da vercxlis gadamuSavebis dros danaleqi dariSxaniT, vercxliswyliT da sxva
 miwisqveSa wylebis Semcireba
mZime liTonebiT. karierebis siaxloves mcxovrebi mosaxleoba da garemo seriozuli
 nitratebiTa da fosfatebiT da xarisxobrivi degradacia
dabinZureba  biomravalferovnebis dakargva riskis qveS dadga, radgan SeiZleba toqsikuri narCenebi gavrceldes mtvris saSuale-
 dalamva  arasrulfasovani kveba biT, kudsacavi tborebi (romlebic Seicavs liTonebis danaleqebsa da mJavur wyals)
 infeqciebis gamomwvevebi
gairRves an gruntis wylebSi moxvdes karierebSi gamomuSavebuli wyali. CileSi gare-
 toqsikuri qimiuri
nivTierebebiT dabinZureba mos mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba daiwyo 1994 wlis Semdeg, roca qveyanam miiRo axali ga-
 Jangbadis nakleboba narCenebi remosdacviTi kanonmdebloba. axali regulaciebi gulisxmobs, rom industriuli pro-
 pesticidebi
 navTobiT dabinZureba  myari narCenebi eqtebis ganxorcielebisas, pirvel rigSi aucilebelia garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis
 siTburi dabinZureba  saxifaTo narCenebi Catareba. 2004 wlis ianvridan wiaRis mompovebeli kompaniebi valdebuli arian SeimuSa-
on sabados daxurvis gegmebi, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba garemos dacvis sakiTxebi.

klimatis globaluri cvlilebis yvela uaryofiTi Sedegis srulad SeCereba SeuZle-

zemoT aRvniSneT, rom garemos degradaciis erT-erTi mizezi aris garemosdacviTi regu-
belia. Tumca, biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebaze mimarTuli RonisZiebebi, magaliTad,
laciebis sisuste. saxelmwifoebi ar aqceven saTanado yuradRebas an saerTod ugulebel-
xmeleTze da zRvis akvatoriaSi didi farTobis mqone da maRali xarisxis daculi te-
21 ritoriebis qselis Seqmna, garkveulwilad Seamsubuqebs klimatis cvlilebis uaryofiT
gajerebuli naxSirwylebis, umeteswilad meTanis da eTanis ftorSemcveli naerTebia, gamoiyeneba samaciv-
re agentis saxiT macivrebsa da kondicionerebSi, asece aerozolebSi.
23
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005
22
grafikuli gamosaxuleba _ Miller, G. Tyler 2000, Living in the Environment: Principles, ConnecƟons, and SoluƟons, Brooks/
Cole, USA, 832 p.; mixedviT 24
www.fao.org

16 17
gavlenas. magaliTad: jansaRma ekosistemebma SeiZleba Seamciros saTburis airebi25, radgan
tyeebi, torfiani Waobebi da sxva habitatebi26 axdens naxSirbadis dagrovebas.
saqarTvelos bunebrivi garemos zogadi daxasiaTeba
saqarTvelo, rogorc kavkasiis Semadgeneli nawili, Sedis bunebis dacvis msoflio fondis
(WWF) ekoregionebis nusxaSi, romelSic 200 ekoregionia. biomravalferovnebis mniSvne-
lobisa da masTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebis gaTvaliswinebiT, dReisaTvis msoflioSi
gamoyofen biomravalferovnebis 34 cxel wertils. es aris biologiurad umdidresi da
amavdroulad, yvelaze metad safrTxis qveS myofi xmeleTis ekoregionebi. am 34-dan,
saqarTvelos teritoria Sedis or biomravalferovnebis cxel wertilSi:27 kavkasiisa
(saqarTvelos umetesi nawili) da iran-anatoliis (samxreT saqarTvelo, javaxeTi). aq
gvxvdeba didi saxeobrivi mravalferovneba, endemizmis maRali done evoluciuri pro-
cesebis ganviTarebis TaviseburebebiT, mcenareulobis tipebis mravalferovnebiTa da
biomebiT, romlebic iSviaTia globalur doneze. kavkasiaze gadis afrika-evraziis ga-
damfreni frinvelebis ZiriTadi marSrutebi. evraziis gadamfren frinvelTa daaxlo-
ebiT mexuTedi saimigraciod Savi zRvis sanapiros da javaxeTis zegnis wyalWarb teri-
toriebs iyenebs, amitom maT ekologiur mdgomareobazea damokidebuli am frinvelebis
gadarCena.
reliefis sirTule da mravalferovani klimaturi pirobebi ganapirobebs saqarTvelos
landSaftebisa da ekosistemebis mravalferovnebas. saqarTvelos ZiriTadi biomebia: tye-
ebi, mtknari wylebi da Waobebi, zRva da sanapiro, maRali mTebi, naxevradudabnoebi da
stepebi. saxeobebis mravalferovnebiTa da endemizmis maRali doniT gansakuTrebiT ga-
morCeulia kolxeTis refugiumi, dasavleT kavkasionis kirqvianebisa da maRalmTis mcena-
reuli kompleqsebi.
mTebs ukavia qveynis teritoriis mniSvnelovani nawili; zRvis donidan 1000 metrze
met simaRleze mdebareobs qveynis teritoriis 54%. sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebs
uWiravs qveynis saerTo farTobis 43,5%. maT Soris saxnavebsa da mravawlian nargavebs
uWiravs qveynis saerTo farTobis 15,2%, xolo saTibebsa da saZovrebs _ 27,9% (2004
wlis monacemebiT). Tumca, bolo wlebSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda saxnavi miwebisa da
mravalwliani nargavebis farTobebi, romlebic muSavdeba sasoflo meurneobebis mier28 .
tyiT dafarulia saqarTvelos teritoriis daaxloebiT 40%. endemuri da reliqtu-
ri saxeobebiT mdidari foTlovani da wiwvovani tyeebi qveynis namdvili simdidrea. sa-
qarTvelos tyeebis 97% bunebrivia. maTi didi nawili (98%) mTis tyeebs warmoadgens da
gaaCnia wyalmaregulirebeli, niadagis damcveli, klimatis mastabilizebeli funqciebi,
amasTanave warmoadgens mniSvnelovan adgilsamyofels mcenareTa da cxovelTa mravali
25
saTburis airebi _ atmosferos komponentebi, romlebic atmosferoSi siTbos akavebs, anu ganapirobebs
saTburis efeqts. saTburis airebia wylis orTqli (H2O), naxSirorJangi (CO2), meTani (CH4), azotis Jangi (N2O),
ozoni (O3). garkveuli raodenobiT saTburis airi atmosferoSi bunebrivad aris, magram adamianis saqmianobis
Sedegad, mag. wiaRiseuli sawvavis wviT (qvanaxSiri, navTobi), manqanebisa da qarxnebis gamonabolqviT, maTi
koncentracia imatebs, rac moqmedebs klimatis globalur cvlilebaze.
26
habitati _ saxeobis sabinadro garemo, adgilsamyofeli
27
www.biodiversityhotspots.org
28
informaciis wyaro: saqarTvelos meoTxe erovnuli Setyobilena biomravalferovnebis konvenciisadmi.
www.moe.gov.ge
18
reliqturi, endemuri da gadaSenebis piras myofi saxeobisaTvis. saqarTveloSi jer
kidev SemorCenilia TiTqmis xeluxlebeli tyis koromebi, romlebsac gaaCnia udidesi
konservaciuli Rirebuleba. Cvens qveyanaSi gvxvdeba rogorc kolxuri notio tyeebi,
damaxasiaTebeli reliqturi maradmwvane buCqebiT (Sqeri, wyavi da sxv.), ise aRmosavleT
saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli ariduli naTeli tyeebi, wiwviani tyeebi reliqturi
saxeobis koromebiT, maRali mTis tanbrecili tyeebi.
saqarTvelos flora erT-erTi umdidresia zomieri klimatis qveynebs Soris. saqarT-
velos floris SemadgenlobaSi aRricxulia 4130 WurWlovani mcenare. maT Soris 900-mde
saxeoba (daaxloebiT 21%) kavkasiisa da saqarTvelos endemia. saqarTvelosa da kavkasiis
floris SemadgenlobaSi 17 endemuri gvaria. saqarTvelos floris 2000-mde saxeobas
gaaCnia pirdapiri ekonomikuri Rirebuleba, gamoiyeneba ra merqnad, saTbobad, sakvebad
(xili, Txili), safuraJed da cxovelTa sakvebad, samkurnalod, saRebavebad da eTer-
zeTebis misaRebad. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebulia kulturuli jiSebis (gansakuTrebiT
xorblebisa da parkosnebis) mravali adgilobrivi variacia da veluri naTesavi. Zalian
mdidaria, agreTve, saqarTvelos kulturuli flora.
saqarTveloSi aRwerilia faunis 16 054 saxeoba, maTgan 758 saxeoba miekuTvneba qor-
dianebs29. saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli ZuZumwovrebis 19, frinvelebis 3, reptiliebis 15
da amfibiebis 3 saxeoba aris kavkasiis endemi, saqarTvelos endemia mxolod 1 saxeoba _
aWaruli xvliki (Darevskia mixta).
habitatebis ganadgurebisa da resursebis Warbi mopovebis gamo, mcenareTa da cxovelTa
mravali saxeoba saqarTveloSi gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda. saqarTvelos `wi-
Tel nusxaSi~ Setanilia ZuZumwovarTa 29, frinvelTa 35, reptiliebis 11, amfibiebis
2, Tevzebis 14 da merqnian mcenareTa 56 saxeoba. saqarTvelos xerxemlianTa faunis 44
saxeoba safrTxeSia globaluri masStabiTac da Setanilia IUCN-is wiTel nusxaSi, ro-
gorc mowyvladi (VU) an ufro maRali kategoriis mqone taqsoni. gasul saukuneSi sa-
qarTvelos teritoriaze sruliad gadaSenda qurciki da niamoris samxreTi (TrialeTis
qedis) populacia, erTeuli individebis saxiT SemorCa jiqi, zoliani afTari, mkveTrad
Semcirda keTilSobili irmis ricxovneba (SemorCenilia mxolod sami mcirericxovani
populacia)30 .
saqarTveloSi warmodgenilia yvela hidrografiuli erTeuli: mdinareebi, tbebi, wyal-
sacavebi, myinvarebi, miwisqveSa wylebi, Waobebi. Cvens qveyanaSi aris 26 000-ze meti mdi-
nare, 860-mde tba, 600-ze meti myinvari, mineraluri wyaroebis TiTqmis yvela tipis 2000-
mde gamosavali, xolo Waobebis farTobi 225 000 ha-ze metia. saqarTvelosTvis didia
hidrografiuli qselis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri mniSvneloba. calkeuli tbebi,
myinvarebi, Waobebi, CanCqerebi, vokluzuri wyaroebi, rogorc bunebis iSviaTi warmo-
naqmnebi, gamorCeuli silamaziTa da warmoSobis gansakuTrebuli TaviseburebebiT, bunebis
Zeglebadaa gamocxadebuli. mniSvnelovania hidrografiuli qselis erTeulebis (gansakuT-
rebiT mdinareebis) roli reliefwarmomqmnel procesebSi. mdinareTa xeobebi da terase-
bi, Walebi da Walis tyeebi, CanCqerebi da kanionebi, miwisqveSa dinebebisgan warmoqmnili
mRvimeebi, travertinebi da bunebis sxva mravali warmonaqmni, romlebic ase momxibvle-
lad warmoaCens Cvens qveyanas, did wilad hidrografiuli qselis moqmedebiTaa Seqmnili.
29
informaciis wyaro: saqarTvelos meoTxe erovnuli Setyobineba biomravalferovnebis konvenciisadmi.
www.moe.gov.ge
30
informaciis wyaro: saqarTvelos meoTxe erovnuli Setyobineba biomravalferovnebis konvenciisadmi.
www.moe.gov.ge
19
mdinareebis moqmedebas ukavSirdeba adamianis sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegad bolo dros
gaaqtiurebuli iseTi stiqiuri movlenebi, rogorebicaa wyaldidobebi, wyalmovardnebi,
Rvarcofebi da mewyerebi. qveynis ekonomikis funqcionireba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli
hidrografiul qselze. wyalsacavebi, mdinareebi da tbebi gamoiyeneba sarwyavad da Tevzis
mosaSeneblad, aseve turistuli da rekreaciuli mizniT. mniSvnelovania mdinareTa roli
hidroenergetikaSi. saqarTvelos hidrografiuli qselis erTeulebs _ miwiszeda da
miwisqveSa wylebs, tbebs, myinvarebs, Waobebs, didi ekologiuri, rekreaciuli, sameurneo
da samecniero mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni qveynisTvis. hidrografiuli qselis bunebrivi, ga-
marTuli funqcionireba ki strategiuli mniSvnelobisaa.
bunebrivi pirobebis mravalferovnebis gamo, niadagebic mravalgvarobiT gamoirCeva.
Waobiani da eweri, wiTelmiwa da yviTelmiwa, mTis tyis da mTa-mdelos, tyis yomrali,
Savmiwa, wabla, ruxi, ruxi-yavisferi, damlaSebuli, bicobi da a.S. _ es aris saqarTveloSi
arsebuli niadagebis arasruli CamonaTvali. niadags udidesi sameurneo mniSvneloba
aqvs Cveni qveynisTvis. niadagi advilad eqvemdebareba bunebriv Tu adamianis sameurneo
moqmedebis Sedegad gamowveul eroziul procesebs. igi Zalian Zvirfasi bunebrivi re-
sursia, romelsac gansakuTrebuli movla da dacva esaWiroeba.
saqarTveloSi bunebrivi memkvidreobis SenarCunebisTvis Seqmnilia daculi terito-
riebi, romelTa mTavari funqciaa biomravalferovnebis dacva da konservacia. amas gar-
da, daculi teritoriebi xels uwyobs bunebrivi resursebis dacvasa da racionalur
gamoyenebas, bunebis iSviaTi, gamorCeuli warmonaqmnebis dacvas dazianebisa da ganad-
gurebisagan. amas emateba ekoturizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba, eko-saganmanaTleblo,
saswavlo-SemecnebiTi da samecniero RonisZiebebis Catarebis SesaZleblobebis gazrda,
rac saerTo jamSi, xels uwyobs qveynis popularizacias saerTaSoriso doneze.
sazogadod, daculi teritoriebi warmoadgens biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis, sa-
xeobaTa gadarCenis, garemos dacvis universalur da yvelaze efeqtur saSualebas. Tum-
ca, daculi teritoriis daarseba avtomaturad ar niSnavs, rom garemos da biomraval-
ferovnebis dacva aris garantirebuli. Zalze mniSvnelovania daculi teritoriis marTvis
formis sworad SerCeva _ ra doneze unda ereodes adamiani bunebaSi imisaTvis, raTa kargad
Sesruldes daculi teritoriis mTavari daniSnuleba. saqarTveloSi daculi teritori-
ebi iqmneba bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) kriteriumebis mixedviT. am kate-
goriebis daniSnuleba mocemulia cxrilSi:
daculi teritoriis saxe daniSnuleba IUCN)
kategoria (IUCN
nakrZali mkacri dacva I Tbilisidan da rusTavidan transportirebuli municipaluri Camdinare wylebis gawmendas
ekosistemis dacva da
erovnuli parki II
rekreacia
bunebis Zegli bunebis Taviseburebis dacva III
aRkveTili dacva aqtiuri marTvis gziT IV
daculi landSaftis/akvatoriis
V
landSafti/akvatoria SenarCuneba da rekreacia
mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis binebrivi ekosistemis
VI
teritoria mdgradi gamoyeneba
20
dReisaTvis31 saqarTveloSi arsebobs 68 sxvadasxva kategoriis daculi teritoria, maT
Sorisaa 14 nakrZali, 10 erovnuli parki, 24 bunebis Zegli, 18 aRkveTili, 2 daculi land-
Safti. maTi saerTo farTobia 520 273 ha, rac qveynis daaxloebiT 7,5%-ia. zogierTi da-
culi teritoria gaerTianebulia saerTaSoriso qselebSi. 1996 wlidan kolxeTis erov-
nuli parki da qobuleTis daculi teritoriebi Sedis saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
wyalWarbi teritoriebis siaSi, romelsac icavs specialuri mravalmxrivi saerTaSoriso
SeTanxmeba — ramsaris konvencia. 2007 wels borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki evropis
daculi teritoriebis qselis _ PAN Parks-is wevri gaxda (garemosa da bunebrivi resur-
sebis dacvis saministros informacia, 2013).
daculi teritoriebis daarseba yvelgan SeuZlebelia, ekonomikuri, socialuri, poli-
tikuri da sxva mosazrebebis gamo. Tumca, am SemTxvevaSi arsebobs marTvis sxvadasxva
meqanizmebi garemos dasacavad: saxeobebis dacva, satyeo menejmenti, saZovrebis menej-
menti, saqmianobis dagegmva, sivrculi dagegmva, bunebrivi resursebis mopovebis wesebis
daweseba da kontroli, saqmianobis (magaliTad, samrewvelo dabinZureba, pesticidebis
gamoyeneba) zedamxedveloba, ekosistemebis marTvisTvis gegmebi, saqmianobis ganxor-
cielebamde garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebisa da strategiuli garemosdacviTi Sefase-
bis Catareba da sxv.
saqarTvelos ZiriTadi garemosdacviTi sakiTxebi
wyali. zedapiruli wylebis xarisxis arasrulyofili dakvirvebis gamo, monacemebi zeda-
piruli wylebis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb mwiria. saqarTveloSi dRes fizikur-qimiuri
xarisxobrivi elementebis yovelTviuri dakvirveba (monitoringi) mxolod 22 mdinareze
warmoebs, maSin, rodesac gasuli saukunis 90-ian wlebSi msgavsi dakvirveba 72 mdinareze
mimdinareobda. sul, saSualod 33 elementis monitoringi warmoebs. ar izomeba organuli
nivTierebebis didi nawili. hidrologiuri dakvirveba warsulSi arsebuli 150 sadguridan
29-ze mimdinareobs. sadgurebi ar aris saTanadod aRWurvili, 7 sadguris garda, romelTa
reabilitacia da aRWurva axlaxans ganxorcielda. hidrobiologiuri dakvirveba mxolod
axla ikidebs fexs32.
dakvirvebis arsebuli monacemebi aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi wylis dabinZurebis ZiriTadi
wyaroa municipaluri Camdinare wylebi. saqarTveloSi amJamad, arsebuli TiTqmis yvela
gamwmendi nageboba mwyobridan aris gamosuli da ar funqcionirebs. amJamad, funqcionirebs
erTi biologiuri gamwmendi nageboba TbilisTan, xolo meore gardabanSi, romelic
emsaxureba da uzrunvelyofs mxolod pirvelad, meqanikur gawmendas. garda amisa, Camdinare
wylebis mniSvnelovani nawili saerTod ar uerTdeba Semkreb sistemas da pirdapir Caedineba
mdinare mtkvarSi. gardabnis gamwmendi nagebobis sanebarTvo pirobebiT gaTvaliswinebulia
misi sruli reabilitacia 2018 wlamde.
samrewvelo seqtorebidan, zedapiruli wylebis xarisxze gansakuTrebiT zegavlenas
axdens, sasargeblo wiaRiseulis gadamuSaveba, navTobis gadamuSaveba da kvebis mrewve-
loba. dabinZurebis sxva wyaroebia: nagavsayrelebi, narCenebis aralegaluri ganTavseba
31
2013 wlis 10 agvistos mdgomareobiT
32
mwvane alternativa, 2012. garemosdacviTi politikis, instituciuri mowyobis da regulirebis meqaniz-
mebis xarvezebis analizi.
21
da sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianoba. gamokvleuli mdinareebis umravlesobaSi aRiniSneba
amoniumisa da Jangbadis biologiuri moxmarebis maRali maCveneblebi, xolo calkeuli
mdinareebis zogierT monakveTze mZime liTonebis koncentracia zRvrulad dasaSveb
normebs aWarbebs33 . mZime liTonebiT dabinZurebis SemTxvevebi aRiniSneba mdinare yviri-
lasa (manganumi) da maSaveraSi (spilenZi). arsebobs informacia mdinare luxuniswyalisa
da cxeniswylis dariSxaniT dabinZurebis Sesaxeb, Tumca, am dabinZurebis monitoringi
dResdReobiT ar warmoebs34 .
md. yvirilas dabinZurebas manganumis ionebiT manganumis mopoveba iwvevs. 2009 wlis ian-
varSi, magaliTad, q. WiaTuris SesasvlelTan, md. yvirilas wyalSi manganumis ionebis
Semcveloba 39-jer aRemateboda wyalSi manganumis ionis zRvrulad dasaSveb koncent-
racias. mopovebis adgilidan dawyebuli, mdinaris qvemo weli da misi momijnave miwebi
mTlianad dabinZurebulia im niSnulamde, sadac ganzaveba xdeba. sawarmoo dabinZureba
ganpirobebulia im garemoebiTac, rom mdinare, Tavis mxriv, recxavs madnian horizontebs
da masSi bunebrivad momatebulia manganumis ionebis Semcveloba35 .
garemosTvis didi zianis momtania, agreTve, bolnisis jgufis polimetaluri sabadoebis
madnebis mopovebasTan dakavSirebuli saqmianoba. aq madnis mopoveba Ria karieruli
wesiT xdeba. karierze warmoebs burRva-afeTqebiTi samuSaoebi, rasac emateba karieris
terasebze da misasvlel gzebze avtoTviTmclelebis aqtiuri, ormxrivi moZraoba, rac
haerSi mtvrisa da sxva damabinZurebeli nivTierebebis mniSvnelovan gafrqvevas iwvevs.
haerSi moxvedrili mavne nivTierebebis gadatana emisiis centridan did manZilze xdeba.
atmosferuli naleqebis zegavleniT am mtvridan gamotutuli mZime liTonebis garemoSi
moxvedra seriozul zians ayenebs niadagsa da gruntis wylebs. mopovebiTi samuSaoebis
garda, garemoze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens nedleulis gadamuSavebasTan dakavSirebuli
procesebi, rac aisaxa, magaliTad, md. kazreTulas mdgomareobaze, romelic wlebis
ganmavlobaSi binZurdeba bolnisis madnis gamamdidrebeli sawarmos saqmianobis Sedegad.
agreTve nawilobrivaa dabinZurebuli md. maSaverac. fabrikis fuWi qanis sayaris da ga-
mosatuti grovebis ganTavsebis teritoriac dabinZurebulia mZime liTonebis ionebiT
(ZiriTadad, spilenZi, TuTia, rkina, aseve sulfatis ionebi).
mdinare luxuniswylisa da cxeniswylis dariSxaniT dabinZurebis mizezs warmoadgens
sabWoTa periodSi (1933-1997 ww.) ambrolauris raionis sof. uravSi da lentexis raionis
sof. canaSi dariSxanis mopoveba da misi gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebi. am saqmianobaTa
Sedegad, wlebis manZilze mogrovda dariSxanis Semcveli asobiT tona narCeni, romelic
sawarmoebis mimdebare teritoriaze iyreboda. dResdReobiT dariSxanis mopoveba
SeCerebulia, aRniSnuli sawarmoebi mTlianad ganadgurebulia da narCenebi mimofantulia
uravSi, daaxloebiT 20 ha-ze, canaSi ki _ 4-5 ha teritoriaze36.
33
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtkice-
bulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
34
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011. 2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos garemos dacvis ministris 2011 w. 9 dekembris #i-54
brZanebiT.
35
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011. 2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos garemos dacvis ministris 2011 w. 9 dekembris #i-54
brZanebiT.
36
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011. 2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos garemos dacvis ministris 2011 w. 9 dekembris #i-54
22
rac Seexeba miwisqveSa wylebs, 1990 wlis Semdeg miwisqveSa wylebze dakvirveba saqarTveloSi
Sewyda da amdenad, uaxlesi monacemebi miwisqveSa wylebis ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesa-
xeb ar arsebobs. 2000 wels Catarda 1970-1990 wlebis dakvirvebisa da kvlevebis masalebis
analizi. analizma aCvena, rom miwisqveSa wylebma ganicada raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi
cvlileba, gauaresebis TvalsazrisiT. xSir SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis mier sasmelad
moxmarebuli miwisqveSa wylebis xarisxi ar pasuxobda sasmeli wylisadmi saxelmwifo
standartebiT wayenebul moTxovnebs. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saqarTveloSi qalaqis
mosaxleobis 5% da soflis mosaxleobis 65% sasmel wyals damoukideblad moipovebs da
amisaTvis, ZiriTadad, miwisqveSa wylebs iyenebs37. saqarTveloSi sarekreacio wylebi igive
regulaciebs eqvemdebareba, rasac, zogadad, zedapiruli wylebi. ar aris gansazRvruli
moTxovnebi sarekreacio wylebis xarisxis marTvisTvis sabanao sezonis ganmavlobaSi.
mikrobiologiuri monitoringi saqarTveloSi mxolod zogierT sarekreacio wylis
obieqtze xorcieldeba.
atmosferuli haeri. saqarTveloSi atmosferuli haeri, ZiriTadad, binZurdeba avto-
transportidan, samrewvelo da energetikuli obieqtebidan warmoebuli atmosferuli
gafrqvevebiT. amaTgan, ZiriTadi urbanuli damabinZurebelia avtotransporti. arsebu-
li dakvirvebis monacemebis mixedviT, yvela im qalaqSi, sadac sadamkvirveblo jixuria
ganTavsebuli, aRiniSneba e. w. „ZiriTadi damabinZureblebis“ (SO2, NO2, CO, zestafonSi _
MnO2) koncentraciebis gadaWarbeba maT dasaSveb raodenobebze38. gasaTvaliswinebelia,
rom atmosferuli haeris monitoringis SesaZleblobebi amJamad metad SezRudulia;
dabinZurebaze dakvirveba warmoebs xuT qalaqSi: TbilisSi, rusTavSi, quTaisSi, zes-
tafonsa da baTumSi. atmosferuli haeris xarisxze dakvirvebis punqtebis simcire da
sinjebis laboratoriuli analizis sferoSi arsebuli problemebi ar iZleva saSuale-
bas, Seiqmnas SedarebiT sruli suraTi saqarTvelos dasaxlebul punqtebSi haeris xa-
risxis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb39.
saqarTvelos satransporto seqtoridan damabinZurebel nivTierebaTa didi gafrqve-
vebi ramdenime mizeziTaa gamowveuli: 1. bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi qveyanaSi msu-
buqi avtomobilebis raodenoba gaormagda: dRes saqarTveloSi yovel 100 kacze 12 msu-
buqi avtomobili modis; 2. qveyanaSi arsebuli saavtomobilo parkis udidesi nawili
moZvelebulia; 3. qveyanaSi amJamad gamoyenebuli sawvavis dabali xarisxis pirobebSi
gamonabolqvis gamwmendi mowyobiloba (konverteri) swrafad gamodis mwyobridan, ris ga-
moc gafrqvevebi ramdenjerme izrdeba; 4. saqarTvelos zogierT qalaqSi arasakmarisad
funqcionirebs satransporto nakadebis optimizaciis sistemebi. Sedegad xSiria sacobebi,
ris gamoc avtomobilis Zrava maRali gafrqvevis reJimSi muSaobs40 .
brZanebiT.
37
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro, 2011. 2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. damtkicebulia saqarTvelos garemos dacvis ministris 2011 w. 9 dekembris #i-54
brZanebi.
38
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
39
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damt-
kicebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
40
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damt-
kicebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
23
samrewvelo seqtorSi istoriulad ZiriTad damabinZurebel wyarod iTvleboda cemen-
tis warmoeba rusTavsa da kaspSi, feroSenadnobTa warmoeba zestafonSi, metalurgiuli
kompleqsebi rusTavsa da quTaisSi. haeris erT-erT damabinZurebels warmoadgens energeti-
kis seqtoric. Tumca, imis gamo, rom saqarTveloSi, kerZod ki, gardabanSi, moqmedi sami
msxvili Tboeleqtrosadguri sawvavad, ZiriTadad, bunebriv airs moixmars. maT mier
gamowveuli dabinZureba, maRali sakvamle milebis gamo, mniSvnelovan zemoqmedebas ar
axdens haeris xarisxis formirebaze41 .
narCenebi da qimiuri nivTierebebi saqarTveloSi erT-erT garemosdacviT problemas
warmoadgens. problema kompleqsuria da moicavs garemos dabinZurebas sayofacxovrebo
narCenebiT mouwesrigebeli nagavsayrelebidan, aseve saxifaTo da dagrovebuli narCenebis
marTvasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs42.
ukontrolod dayrili sayofacxovrebo narCenebiT garemos dabinZurebis ZiriTad mi-
zezs narCenebis Segrovebis sistemis moSla warmoadgens. amJamad sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis regularuli Segroveba, ZiriTadad, mxolod msxvil qalaqebsa da raionul
centrebSi xorcieldeba. soflebSi mosaxleoba, rogorc wesi, narCenebs uaxloes xevSi,
gzispiras, mdinaris napirebze an pirdapir mdinareSi yris. es teritoriebi ar sufTavdeba
da Sesabamisad, mcire zomis ukontrolo „nagavsayrelebi“ warmoiqmneba43.
saqarTveloSi dRes arsebuli 63 oficialuri municipaluri nagavsayrelis umravle-
sobas ar gaaCnia nagavsayrelidan gamoJonili wylebis Segroveba-gawmendis sistema da
wyalgaumtari fuZe, romelic miwisqveSa wylebs dabinZurebisgan daicavda. nagavsayre-
lebis nawili mdinareebis napirze an wyalgamtar xevebSia ganTavsebuli, rac zedapiru-
li da gruntis wylebis dabinZurebis saSiSroebas qmnis. nagavsayrelebze TviTneburad
mimdinareobs narCenebis dabaltemperaturuli Ria wva, rac iwvevs haerSi mavne damabin-
Zureblebis, dioqsinebisa da furanebis gafrqvevas44.
saqarTveloSi mniSvnelovan problemas warmoadgens aseve garemos dabinZureba saxifaTo
narCenebiT. gaumjobesebas saWiroebs samrewvelo, samedicino, veterinaruli, sasoflo-
sameurneo da sxva saxifaTo narCenebis warmoqmnis, gadazidvisa da gauvnebelyofis an
gadamuSaveba-ganadgurebis, aRricxvisa da kontrolis sistema45 .
garemo aseve binZurdeba samTo-mopovebiTi da gamamdidrebeli warmoebebis mier dag-
rovebuli narCenebisa da Slamebisgan, romelic ganTavsebulia yofili sabWoTa sawarmo-
ebis mimdebare teritoriebze. garemos dabinZurebis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens
agreTve vadagasuli sasoflo-sameurneo qimikatebi, gansakuTrebiT pesticidebi, romel-
Ta narCenebi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg didi raodenobiT darCa qveynis teritoriaze.
41
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
42
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
43
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
44
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016.
damtkicebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
45
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtk-
icebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
24
2700-mde tona saxifaTo qimikati ganTavsebulia saxifaTo narCenebis dazianebul samarx-
Si, iaRlujas mTaze. daaxloebiT 230 tona vadagasuli pesticidi yofili kolmeurneobe-
bisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis dangreuli sawyobebis teritoriebidan mogrovda da droe-
biT ganTavsda iaRlujis samarxSi. saWiroa maTi Semdgomi gauvnebelyofa ekologiuri
moTxovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT. garda amisa, sasoflo-sameurneo saqmianobis Sedegad qve-
yanaSi warmoiqmneba saxifaTo narCenebi (pesticidebisa da agroqimikatebis carieli tara,
bazridan amoRebuli vadagasuli da moZvelebuli pesticidebi). aucilebelia aRniSnuli
narCenebis gauvnebelyofis sakiTxis gadawyvetac46 .
biomravalferovneba, daculi teritoriebi, tyiTsargebloba. habitatebis rRvevisa da
mzardi, araregulirebuli moxmarebis gamo, mcenareebisa da cxovelebis mravali saxeoba
gadaSenebis zRvarzea misuli. maT Soris, cxovelTa 135 saxeoba da 4 qvesaxeoba da mcenareTa
56 saxeoba Setanilia saqarTvelos „wiTel nusxaSi“. amasTan, saqarTveloSi gavrcelebul
xerxemlian cxovelTa 44 saxeoba globalurad gadaSenebis piras myofia da Setanilia IUCN-
is wiTel nusxaSi, rogorc mowyvladi, gadaSenebis piras myofi an gadaSenebis ukiduresi
safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeoba47 .
intensiuri Zoveba ganixileba biomravalferovnebaze moqmed erT-erT mniSvnelovan
faqtorad, rac, ZiriTadad, exeba saqarTvelos maRalmTianeTis subalpur da alpur
saZovrebs da saqarTvelos samxreT-aRmosavleTis aridul ekosistemebs. aq Sinauri
pirutyvis didi raodenoba da mouwesrigebeli Zoveba iwvevs niadagis erozias, uaryofi-
Tad moqmedebs mcenareuli safaris Semadgenlobasa da produqtiulobaze, aseve qmnis
invaziuri mcenareebis gavrcelebis pirobebs.
kvlav mniSvnelovan problemad rCeba ukanono TevzWerisa da nadirobis maRali done,
arasrulyofili zedamxedvelobis sistema, kvalificiuri kadrebis simwire. mniSvnelovan
gaumjobesebas saWiroebs Tevzisa da sanadiro saxeobebis Sefasebisa da kvotebis dadgenis
sistema. monacemTa simwire mniSvnelovnad arTulebs konkretuli RonisZiebebis dasaxvas,
romelTa gatarebac aucilebelia TevzWerisa da nadirobis mdgradi marTvisaTvis.
saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi Seqmnilma sirTuleebma da bazrebis dakargvam, agreTve Sav
zRvaSi Tevzis resursebis mkveTrma Semcirebam, uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia Tevzis Werisa
da rewvis seqtorze. mniSvnelovnad Semcirda TevzWeris moculoba Sav zRvaSi, agreTve
mniSvnelovnadaa Semcirebuli Tevzis resursebi saqarTvelos Sida wyalsatevebSi, sadac
erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi problema Tevzis invaziuri saxeobebia. ar aris Sefasebuli
iqTiofaunis umravlesi saxeobebis (zuTxisebrTa da Savi zRvis oragulis garda) da maT
Soris, Sida wylebSi gavrcelebuli endemuri formebis mdgomareoba.
biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes da efeqtur instruments
daculi teritoriebis daarseba warmoadgens. dacul teritoriebs saqarTvelos teri-
toriis sul 7.5%-s ukavia (evropaSi dacul teritoriebs saSualod 18% ukavia). daculi
teritoriebis sistemis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia daculi teritoriebis er-
Tiani qselis ganviTareba. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebi praqtikulad izolire-
bulia da ar ukavSirdeba erTmaneTs ekologiuri derefnebiT. garda amisa, qveyanaSi
46
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
47
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
25
arsebobs iseTi sensitiuri ubnebi, romlebic jer kidev ar aris moqceuli daculi te-
ritoriebis statusis qveS48. naklovania dacul teritoriebTan dakavSirebuli kanon-
mdebloba. is, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ver uzrunvelyofs daculi teritoriis ZiriTadi funq-
ciis, biomravalferovnebis SenarCunebis realizebas. saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebs
mwiri dafinanseba gaaCnia, ris gamoc srulad ver xerxdeba biomravalferovnebis moni-
toringi da aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis Catareba49.
gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan mniSvnelovnad gaizarda saqarTveloSi tyis resursebiT
sargebloba. saSeSe merqani jer kidev aris zogierTi soflisa da patara qalaqis saTbobi
energiis umTavresi wyaro. mniSvnelovani moTxovna arsebobs agreTve samasale merqanze50.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT daSvebulia moklevadiani (erT wlamde) da xangrZlivvadia-
ni (49 wlamde) tyiTsargebloba. 2007 wlamde tyiTsargebloba, ZiriTadad, erT wlamde
vadiT gacemuli tyiTsargeblobis dokumentebiT xorcieldeboda. 2006 wels garemos
dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis saministrom gasca pirveli 20-wliani xe-tyis damzadebis
specialuri licenzia. mas Semdeg, 2012 wlis Tebervlamde gacemulia xe-tyis damzadebis
66 licenzia 5, 10 da 20 wlis vadiT. licenziebiT dafarulia daaxloebiT 180 000 heqtari
tyis teritoria. tyiTsargeblobis licenziebis gacemas araerTi problema axlavs Tan; maT
Soris umniSvnelovanesia Semdegi: irRveva saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa ufleba, monawileo-
ba miiRon garemosTan/tyesTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi;
auqcionebze gamotanili iqna iseTi salicenzio obieqtebi, romlebzec tyeTmowyoba
(inventarizacia) moZvelebulia; tyiTsargeblobis auqcionis sawyisi fasis dadgenisas,
dRemde arc erTxel ar iqna gamoyenebuli kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesi; salicenzio
obieqtebis SerCevisas, saerTod ar fasdeba, Tu ramdenad mizanSewonilia, garemosdacviTi
TvalsazrisiT, konkretuli tyis farTobis gamoyofa. Sedegad, tyis WrisTvis gaicema
maRali konservaciuli (garemosdacviTi) Rirebulebis tyeebi.
klimatis cvlileba da saadaptacio RonisZiebebi. saqarTvelo, Tavisi mdebareobiT,
reliefiT, hidrografiuli qseliTa da garemo pirobebiT, Seicavs rogorc bunebrivi
(miwisZvra, mewyerebi, Rvarcofebi, gvalvebi, zvavebi da wyaldidobebi), ise anTropogenu-
li katastrofebis safrTxes (satransporto da sawarmoo avariebi). amas emateba bunebriv
resursebze maRali anTropogenuli zewola, rac xelsayrel pirobebs qmnis bunebrivi ka-
tastrofebis provocirebisTvis. bolo wlebSi gaxSirebuli stiqiuri movlenebis mizeze-
bi agreTve unda veZioT klimatis globalur cvlilebaSi51. kvlevebiT dasturdeba, rom
klimatis cvlilebas ukve adgili aqvs samxreT kavkasiaSi da is garkveul negatiur rols
iTamaSebs garemosdacviTi usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT52.
prognozebis Tanaxmad, klimatis cvlilebis Sedegad, 2050 wlisTvis saqarTveloSi nava-
48
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
49
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016.
damtkicebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
50
saqarTvelos mTavroba, 2012. saqarTvelos garemos dacvis meore erovnuli programa: 2012-2016. damtki-
cebulia saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2012 w. 24 ianvris #127 gankargulebiT.
51
2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. samuSao versia. xel-
misawvdomia: hƩp://soegeorgia.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_15.html
52
ENVSEC, 2011. Regional Climate Change Impacts Study for the South Caucasus Region. xelmisawvdomia: hƩp://envsec.org/
publicaƟons/cc_report.pdf
26
raudevia temperaturis saSualo mateba 0.9-1.9 C-iT, xolo 2100 wlisTvis _ 4.1-5.5 C-iT.
amasTan, navaraudevia siTburi talRebis sixSirisa da odenobis zrda, naleqianobis
reJimis cvlileba, gaudabnoeba da miwis resursebis Semdgomi degradacia, zRvis donis
aweva da sxva eqstremaluri movlenebis gaxSireba, rac qmnis klimatis cvlilebisadmi
adaptaciis RonisZiebebis saswrafod gatarebis aucileblobas. amasTan, dadgenilia kli-
matis cvlilebisadmi yvelaze mowyvladi adgilebi: Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli _ iwevs
zRvis done da izrdeba Stormuli modinebebis sixSire da simZlavre. foTis mimdebare
teritoriaze, amas emateba md. rionis adidebiT gamowveuli problemebi; qvemo svaneTi,
lentexi _ niadagis eroziis gaZliereba da stiqiuri movlenebis (wyalmovardnebi, mewyere-
bi, zvavebi, didTovloba, wyaldidoba) gaxSireba; dedofliswyaro, alaznis auzi _ mimdina-
reobs gaudabnoebis procesi53.
garemos erovnuli saagentos monacemebiT, bolo wlebSi mkveTrad gaizarda bunebrivi
katastrofebis sixSire da masStabi. 1995-2008 wlebSi, bunebrivi katastrofebis Sedegad,
saqarTvelom 1.3 mlrd. aSS dolarze meti Rirebulebis zarali ganicada, stiqiis Sedegad
dazaralda 700 aTasamde adamiani, msxverplTa raodenobam ki 1000-s miaRwia54 . ukanasknel
wlebSi mewyerebisa da Rvarcofebis sixSiris zrda ganpirobebulia seismuri aqtivobis
gaZlierebiT, adamianis anTropogenuli zemoqmedebis zegavleniT (dasaxlebebis da miwis
usistemo aTviseba, satransporto obieqtebis mSenebloba, tyeebis gaCexva da gameCxeria-
neba) da klimatis globaluri cvlilebebiT. geologiuri xasiaTis stiqiuri movlenebidan
yvelaze xSiria wylismieri eroziuli procesebi, mewyerul-gravitaciuli da Rvarcofuli
movlenebi, romelTa raodenoba izrdeba. 2009 wels dafiqsirda mewyerul-gravitaciuli
movlenebiT dazaralebuli an mosalodneli gaaqtiurebis qveS myofi 53 aTasi ubani, rac
oriaTas dasaxlebul punqtsa da satransporto infrastruqturis 25-30%-s ikavebs.
Rvarcofebisgan miyenebuli ekonomikuri zarali weliwadSi 100 mln aSS dolaramdea, rom
araferi vTqvaT adamianTa msxverplze55.
sanapiro zona warmoadgens klimatis cvlilebis mimarT yvelaze mowyvlad sistemas sa-
qarTveloSi. misi warecxva, romelic jer kidev wina saukunis 80-ian wlebSi daiwyo, prob-
lemebs uqmnis gagris, axali aTonis, oCamCiris, anakliis, foTis, qobuleTis da adliis
monakveTebs, sadac 1992 wlamde xelovnurad SehqondaT natani sanapiros formirebisTvis.
gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea mdinare rionisa da Woroxis deltebi, sadac anTropogenuli
zemoqmedeba erwymis zRvis donis awevisa da klimatis cvlilebis process.
magaliTad, 2005-2007 wlebSi zRvam miitaca adliis Sida saavtomobilo trasa da uSualo
safrTxe Seuqmna baTumis aeroportis asafren zols. 2007 wlis TebervalSi holandiis
garemoze zemoqmedebis Sefasebis komisiam gasca rekomendacia md. Woroxidan amoRebuli
masalis ganlagebis Sesaxeb erozirebuli sanapiros teritoriaze, agreTve garemosdacvi-
Ti Sefasebis, winaswari kvlevebis Catarebis da sanapiro zolis mdgrdi xangrZlivvadiani
aRdgenis gegmis SesamuSaveblad56 .
53
gaeros klimatis cvlilebis konvenciis mimarT meore erovnuli Setyobineba, 2010
54
2007-2009 wlebis saqarTvelos erovnuli moxseneba garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. samuSao versia.
xelmisawvdomia: hƩp://soegeorgia.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_15.html
55
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri siste-
mebis mowyvladoba da adaptacia klimatis cvlilebis mimarT. xelmisawvdomia: hƩp://moe.gov.ge/files/Klima-
Ɵs%20Cvlileba/Adaptacia/4.1. _ saqarTvelos_mowyvladoba_da_adaptacia_klimatis_cvlilebis_mimarT.pdf
56
ix. www.eia.nl
27
2015 wlisTvis TurqeTis teritoriaze dagegmili hidroeleqtrosadgurebis amoqmede-
biT, 83%-iT Semcirdeba md. WoroxiT natanis transportireba Sav zRvaSi. dagegmilia
hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSenebloba md. Woroxze da md. aWariswyalze. saqarTvelos
teritoriaze dagegmili hidroeleqtrosadgurebis mSeneblobis SemTxvevaSi, praqtiku-
lad aRarc arsebuli natanis Catana moxdeba Sav zRvaSi, rac kidev ufro gazrdis uaryofiT
zegavlenas Savi zRvis sanapiroze57 .
q. foTTan 1925 wlidan 2009 wlamde wylis donem 0,7m-iT aiwia. es safrTxes uqmnis foTs,
romelic mdebareobs md. rionis donis dabla 1.5-2 m-iT. 1920-iani wlebidan dRemde, Stor-
mebisa da anTropogenuri Carevis Sedegad, zRvam miitaca 3.5 km siganis sanapiro, romlis
didi nawili ipodroms, sacxovrebel saxlebsa da sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebs ekava.
navaraudevia, rom uaxloes momavalSi (2030-2050 ww.) Stormebis mosalodneli gaxSirebisa
da zRvis donis kidev 0.2-0.3 m-iT matebis SemTxvevaSi, Stormuli modenebi katastrofuli
Sedegebis momtani gaxdeba. amave ubanze mkveTria sedimentaciis gaaqtiureba (md. rioni
ikvebeba myinvaruli CamonadeniT), ris Sedegadac gaZlierda mdinaris orive kalapotis
(foTis arxi, nabada) mosilva, ramac ufro Seasusta maTi gamtarunarianoba. md. rionis
mier Camotanili naSali masala, ZiriTadad, CrdiloeT sanapiroze ileqeba da xmeleTi
zRvaSi iWreba; maSin, rodesac foTis samxreTiT zRvam ukve, daaxloebiT 600 ha farTobis
teritoria miitaca58 .
klimatis cvlilebis CarCo-konvenciis mimarT saqarTvelos meore erovnul SetyobinebaSi
xazgasmulia, rom aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi gaizrdeba gvalvebis xangrZlivoba da
intensivoba, Sesabamisad, gaizrdeba moTxovna wyalze. amasTan, dasavleT saqarTvelos
garda, mTel samxreT kavkasiaSi navaraudevia, sul mcire, 10-40%-iT dinebis kleba
ZiriTad mdinareebze. wylis resursebis klebam, SesaZloa, aseve, gazardos rogorc
Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi, ise saxelmwifoTaSorisi konfliqtebis riski. es gansakuTrebiT
exeba iseT transsasazRvro mdinareebs, rogoricaa alazani, xrami-debeda da mtkvari.
prognozis Tanaxmad, alazanSi wylis donis kleba navaraudevia, sul mcire, 26-35%-iT,
xolo xrami-debedaSi _ 45-65%-iT.
yuradsaRebia, rom dedofliswyaros raionSi, qarismieri eroziis Sedegad,1986 - 2006 wlebSi
humusis Semcvelobam daiklo 7.5-dan 3.2%-mde, TiTqmis orjer daeca niadagis nayofiereba,
saSualo wliuri temperatura ki gaizarda 0,6 C-iT, ramac, Tavis mxriv, mniSvnelovnad
gazarda sarwyavi wylis gamoyeneba. prognozis Tanaxmad, regionSi naleqebis mniSvnelovani
Semcireba, uaxloes periodSi gazrdis adgilobrivi klimatis aridulobas da aqaur na-
xevradaridul landSaftebs naxevarudabnod da udabnod gadaaqcevs. Sesabamisad, 2100
wlisTvis, dedofliswyaros raionSi irigaciaze moTxovna gaizrdeba zamTris xorbalze
114 %-iT, saZovrebze 82%-iT da mzesumziraze 50%-iT.
57
md. Woroxze dagegmili hidroeleqtrosadgurebis kaskadis proeqtis bunebriv da socialur garemoze
zemoqmedebis Sefasebis angariSi. xelmisawvdomia: www.aarhus.ge
58
saqarTvelos garemos dacvis saministro. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri, socialuri da ekologiuri siste-
mebis mowyvladoba da adaptacia klimatis cvlilebis mimarT hƩp://moe.gov.ge/files/KlimaƟs%20cvlileba/Adapta-
cia/4.1._saqarTvelos_mowyvladoba_da_adaptacia_klimatis_cvlilebis_mimarT.pdf
28
Tavi 1
interaqtiuli swavlebis meTodebi
ganaTleba da Sesabamisad, ganaTlebuli sazogadoeba umniSvnelovanesi berketia qvey-
nis ganviTarebisa da warmatebisaTvis. swored amitom, Zalzed mniSvnelovania, saskolo
akademiuri swavlebis (formaluri ganaTlebis) paralelurad mimdinareobdes klasga-
reSe mecadineoba (araformaluri ganaTleba), anu keTebiT swavleba, romelic saukeTeso
saSualebaa Teoriuli codnis praqtikaSi gamosacdelad. moswavles eZleva saSualeba,
ukeT gaiazros sakuTari interesebi da miswrafebebi, gadadgas maTi realizebisTvis pir-
veli nabijebi, Tavi sazogadoebis srulfasovan wevrad igrZnos da Rirseul moqalaqed
Camoyalibdes.
saqarTvelos 2012-14 ww. erovnuli strategia da samoqmedo gegma: „garemosdacviTi ga-
naTleba mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis” mxars uWers skolebSi eko-klubebis Camoyalibebasa
da funqcionirebas, garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis dainergvis mizniT, rogorc formalu-
ri, ise araformaluri ganaTlebis procesSi.
winamdebare saxelmZRvanelos umTavresi mizania garemos dacvis sakiTxebis swavlebis
gaZliereba skolaSi, moswavleTa garemosdacviTi cnobierebis amaRlebisa da saWiro
unar-Cvevebis gamomuSavebis mizniT. bunebrivi garemo aris is mTavari sacxovrisi, ro-
melic uzrunvelyofs adamianis arsebobas, keTildReobasa da ganviTarebas. bunebrivi
garemos degradaciis SemTxvevaSi, safrTxe eqmneba adamianis, qveynebis da SesaZloa,
msoflios arsebobasac. amitomac garemoze zrunva da misi dacva TiToeuli moqalaqis
ziari pasuxismgeblobaa. garemos Sesaxeb codnis gaRrmaveba da swori damokidebulebis
Camoyalibeba adreul asakSi unda daiwyos da gagrZeldes ganaTlebis momdevno etapeb-
zec imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma Seimecnon bunebasa da adamians Soris urTierTqmedebis
mniSvneloba da daniSnuleba, bunebrivi resursebis gonivruli gamoyeneba da mdgradi
marTva.
saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemulia swavlebis sxvadasxva interaqtiuli meTodi, romelTagan
yvelaze gavrcelebulia jgufuri muSaoba, sakiTxis ganxilva (diskusia), bunebis Semec-
nebiTi daTvaliereba da kvleva (eqskursia), sakiTxis wardgena (prezentacia), roluri Ta-
maSi, keTebiT swavleba, teqstze an ilustraciaze muSaoba, proeqtis Sedgena, mini-leqcia
da sxva.
mini-leqcia aris mcire zomis leqcia (maqsimum 10-15 wuTi), romlis drosac maswavleblis
mizania drois mcire monakveTSi moswavleebs zepirsityvierad gadasces maTTvis saWiro
axali informacia. mini-leqcize moswavle pasiuri msmenelis rolSia, rac naklebad iZle-
va sxvadasxva unarebis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas, amitom mniSvnelovania moswavleTa
gaaqtiureba. Sesaferisi garemos Seqmnis mizniT, sasurvelia maswavlebeli dafasTan ki
ar idges msmenelis win, aramed yvela monawile (maswavleblis CaTvliT), wreSi isxdes,
magidis irgvliv ise, rom kargad xedavdnen erTmaneTs da saubaric mosaxerxebeli iyos.
radgan leqcia swavlebis SedarebiT pasiuri formaa, maswavlebelma unda waaxalisos
moswavleTa monawileoba, misces maT azris gamoTqmisa da msjelobis saSualeba. leqciis
dros maswavlebeli Tvalyurs unda adevnebdes msmenels, unda amowmebdes, ramdenad us-
mens, ainteresebs da exmaureba mas auditoria.
mini-leqciis Catarebas ar sWirdeba gansakuTrebuli materialur-teqnikuri aRWurvi-
29
loba. Tumca, sasurvelia fotoebi, naxatebi, rukebi, grafika, cxrilebi da sxva Tvalsa-
Cinoeba, SesaZlebelia agreTve proeqtoris gamoyenebac.
dadebiTi mxareebi:
 saWiro, axali informaciis miwodebis swrafi da efeqturi meTodi;
 martivi saswavlo garemo, ar saWiroebs gansakuTrebul aRWurvilobas;
 Tavisufali urTierTobis SesaZlebloba.
risk-faqtorebi:
 rTulia auditoriis yuradRebis mipyroba da SenarCuneba.
sakiTxis ganxilva, igive diskusia interaqtiuli swavlebis erT-erTi efeqturi meTodia.
diskusias xSirad iyeneben sxvadasxva sakiTxis, midgomis, ideisa Tu problemis jgufSi
wardgenisa da ganxilvis mizniT. saleqcio tipis gakveTilisgan gansxvavebiT, diskusiis
dros moswavleebi aqtiurad monawileoben sakiTxis ganxilvaSi. diskusia xels uwyobs
iseTi unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas, rogoricaa aqtiuri mosmena, msjeloba, sxvisi (gansx-
vavebuli) azris pativiscema, swori (zrdilobiani) qceva, sakuTari mosazrebis naTlad
Camoyalibeba da sxva. aseTi msjelobis Sedegad, moswavleebs interesi uCndebaT axali
informaciisa da codnis mosapoveblad, raTa SeZlon ufro Zlieri da obieqturi ar-
gumentebiT daupirispirdnen gansxvavebul azrs.
diskusiis swori warmarTvisTvis aucilebelia winaswari dagegmva da organizeba, erTgva-
ri kontrolic, rac gulisxmobs garkveuli wesebis dacvas. wesebi SeiZleba maswavlebel-
ma moswavleebTan erTad Camoayalibos. ase, magaliTad: a) roca erTi laparakobs, sxvebi
usmenen; b) raimes Tqma Tu gsurs, xeli aiwie da ilaparake, roca wamyvani sityvas mogcems;
g) sxvas ar gaawyvetino sityva; d) dauSvebelia sxva mosaubris qiliki; e) kamaTSi yvela
iRebs monawileobas da sxva.
diskusiis Catarebamde maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom moswavleebs sadiskusio
Temaze sakmarisi codna hqondeT, raTa SeZlon sakuTari azris gamoTqma, misi dacva an
sxvisi azris gakritikeba. diskusiis warmatebiT Catarebaze, pirvel rigSi, maswavlebelia
pasuxismgebeli. man unda daareguliros procesi da Seasrulos wamyvanis (fasilitato-
30
ris) roli. maswavlebelma mkafiod unda gansazRvros msjelobis formati: gamomsvlelebis
rigiToba, reglamenti, rogor unda daisvas SekiTxvebi da a.S.
msjelobisas mniSvnelovania kiTxvebis swori formulireba. kiTxvebi gansxvavdeba da-
niSnulebis mixedviT: dasawyisSi wamyvani (maswavlebeli) svams mTavar kiTxvas, romelic
warmoadgens sadiskusio sakiTxs. Semdeg man SeiZleba dasvas damazustebeli kiTxvebi,
mimarTulebis misacemad da/an Sesacvlelad. dasaSvebia, wamyvanma an moswavlem dasmuli
kiTxva sxva pasiuri moswavlisaken mimarTos, raTa diskusiaSi CaerTos yvela.
msjelobis procesSi maswavlebeli unda iyos samarTliani da miukerZoebeli, ar unda
gamoxatos simpaTia an antipaTia mokamaTe mxareebis an maT mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebe-
bis mimarT.
msjeloba rom efeqturi iyos, erTdroulad Zalian bevri moswavle ar unda monawileob-
des, radgan did jgufTan muSaobisas Znelia yvela moswavlis CarTva da daintereseba.
mniSvnelovania, „mowinaaRmdege“ mxareebSi iyos moswavleTa Tanabari raodenoba, sasur-
velia es mxareebi erTmaneTis pirispir dasxdnen, xolo maswavlebels, rogorc wamyvans,
orive jgufTan Tavisuflad SeeZlos urTierToba.
diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg aucilebelia Sedegebis Sejameba, rasac Tavidan akeTebs
maswavlebeli, xolo gamocdilebis dagrovebis Semdeg moswavleebic SeZleben. Sedegebis
Sejameba gulisxmobs msjelobis sagnisa da Sinaarsis, aseve procesis gaanalizebasa da
daskvnebis gamotanas. magaliTad: ra mogvca diskusiam, ra gvaswavla, ramdenad moxerxe-
buli da saTanado pirobebi iyo Seqmnili, grZnobdnen Tu ara monawileebi Tavs komfor-
tulad, advili iyo Tu ara wesebis dacva da a.S.
diskusiis Catareba, rogorc wesi, ar saWiroebs gansakuTrebul garemos an damxmare sa-
Sualebebs, Tumca, sasurvelia iyos dafa, raTa diskusiaSi monawile mxareebs SeeZloT
azrebis werilobiT gamoxatva.
1) „mrgvali magida“ _ moswavleTa mcire jgufs Soris gamarTuli saubari winaswar Ser-
Ceul Temaze (am dros xdeba azrTa urTierTgacvla).
2) „paneluri diskusia“ _ calkeul jgufebs hyavT winaswar arCeuli lideri, romelic
auditoriis (klasis) winaSe axmovanebs jgufSi winaswar damuSavebul da SeTanxmebul
sakiTxs.
31
3) „forumi“ _ paneluri diskusiisgan gansxvavebiT, forumi SerCeuli Temis an sakiTxis
ganxilvis ufro dialogis formaa, SeiZleba kiTxva-pasuxis reJimSi warimarTos, dro
da sivrce naklebad SezRudulia. arsebobs internet forumebi garkveuli sakiTxe-
bis garSemo sadac dainteresebuli mxareebi wevriandebian da sakuTar mosazrebebs
gamoTqvamen.

4) „simpoziumi“ _ monawileebi ama Tu im sakiTxis irgvliv damoukideblad gamodian

moxsenebebiT da dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi pasuxoben klasis kiTxvebs. aqac ormxri-
vi CarTulobaa saWiro.

5) kamaTi anu „debatebi“ _ agebulia monawileTa winaswar dagegmil gamosvlebze. kamaTi

iwyeba ori dapirispirebuli mxaris TiTo warmomadgenlis gamosvliT. gamomsvlelTa
dro gansazRvrulia winaswar.

6) „sasamarTlo sxdoma“ _ simulaciuri TamaSia. es aris saqmis sasamarTloSi ganxilvis

imitacia, sadac SeiZleba gaimarTos msjeloba.
7) „kuTxeebi“ _ es meTodi gamoiyeneba saklaso diskusiis warmarTvisas, kamaTis provo-
cirebisa da jgufebs Soris paeqrobisTvis. aseve sasurvelia, es meTodi gamoviyenoT
teqstis kiTxvis an filmis naxvis Semdeg. pedagogi moswavleebs sTavazobs ramodeni-
me mosazrebis mza formulirebas. moswavleebi gamoxataven TavianT damokidebule-
bas oTaxis Sesabamisi kuTxis arCeviT: „veTanxmebi“, „ar veTanxmebi“, „neitraluri“ da
sxva.
dadebiTi mxareebi:
 moswavleebi diskusiis dros ganxilul sakiTxebs kargad imaxsovreben;
 maRalia moswavleTa monawileoba da xarisxi;
 moswavles eZleva sakuTari azris Camoyalibebis, gamoTqmisa da dasabuTebis SesaZ-
lebloba.
risk-faqtorebi:
 Tu wamyvani srulyofilad ver marTavs jgufs, msjeloba warumatebelia.
SemecnebiTi daTvaliereba, igive eqskursia aris SerCeuli adgilis an sagnis miznobrivi,
koleqtiuri daTvaliereba saswavlo, samecniero, sportuli an garTobis mizniT. am dros
moswavleebs saSualeba eZlevaT konkretul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saxelmZRvanelodan
miRebuli codna ganamtkicon realur garemoSi.
eqskursias sailustracio funqcia aqvs, moswavleebs Tavisi TvaliT nanaxi da gancdili
ukeT amaxsovrdebaT, vidre mxolod moyolili an wakiTxuli masala, vinaidan smeniT
maxsovrobas emateba mxedvelobiTi da emociuric, rac aZlierebs aRqmas.
eqskursiis, rogorc saswavlo RonisZiebis gamoyenebis Taobaze sami mosazreba arsebobs:
1. eqskursiaze moswavleebi midian saswavlo wlis dawyebisTanave. eqskursia xels uwyobs
moswavleTa da pedagogTa daaxloebas, aRvivebs interess sxvadasxva sakiTxis mimarT
da zrdis swavlis motivacias.
2. eqskursiaze moswavleebi midian saswavlo wlis dasrulebisas, rodesac isini ukve sa-
32
Tanado codnasa da unar-Cvevebs floben da SeuZliaT realur garemoSi daakvirdnen
maTTvis saintereso obieqtebsa Tu movlenebs.
3. eqskursias gegmavs sagnis pedagogi wlis ganmavlobaSi, sagnis saWiroebisa da speci-
fikidan gamomdinare. Zalian saintereso da Sinaarsiani iqneba eqskursia, Tu mowveuli
iqneba stumari _ am sagnis specialisti, romelic ufro siRrmiseulad gaacnobs mos-
wavleebs maTTvis sainterso Temebs, movlenebsa da sagnebs.
skolisgareT swavlebas SeiZleba garkveuli xifaTi da problemebi axldes, amitom au-
cilebelia eqskursiis winaswari gaazreba da detaluri dagegmva. maswavlebelma unda
gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi sakiTxebi: eqskursiis mizani, zusti dro, moswavleebis dasaSve-
bi raodenoba, mozrdilebis saWiro raodenoba, mosaxerxebeli Cacmuloba, kveba da sxva.
sasurvelia 5-6 bavSvs erTi ufrosi axldes (iqneba es pedagogi, skolis administraciis
TanamSromeli Tu mSobeli).
maswavlebelma winaswar unda miawodos moswavleebsa da sxva monawileebs informacia eqs-
kursiis Sesaxeb: droSi gawerili gegma, mizani, sad midian, ra unda naxon, ras unda miaqcion
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba da a.S. eqskursiis dros moswavleebma aqtiurad unda dasvan
kiTxvebi, CaniSnon TavianTi dakvirveba, saintereso informacia an momentebi.
eqskursiis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ganixilavs Sedegebs:
ra naxes, ra gaiges, ra iyo saintereso, risi Seswavlis survili gauCndaT da a.S. SesaZ-
lebelia, amis Taobaze diskusiac moawyon da erTad dagegmon Semdgomi eqskursiac.
dadebiTi mxareebi:
 keTebiT swavlebis TvalsaCino meTodi, moswavle Seimecnebs, akvirdeba da exeba gare-
mos;
 moswavleTa motivaciis amaRleba;
 praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba;
 klasis wevrebis daaxloeba-damegobreba.
risk-faqtorebi:
 eqskursia erTjeradi RonisZiebaa, Sesabamisad, arasworad dagegmvis SemTxvevaSi an
gauTvaliswinebeli, xelisSemSleli garemoebebis gamo (cudi amindi da sxva) is SeiZ-
leba araefeqturi iyos.
33
gonebrivi ieriSi aris drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi raime sakiTxis garSemo an sakiTxis
gadawyvetis mizniT ideebis Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. es meTodi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT
damoukideblad an rogorc damxmare saSualeba sxva aqtivobis Sesrulebisas. gonebrivi
ieriSis Sedegad xdeba ama Tu im sakiTxTan an TemasTan dakavSirebiT moswavleebis su-
bieqturi azris gageba, romelic manamde maTTvis ar warmoadgenda daswavlis kompeten-
cias.

gonebrivi ieriSis procesi martivia: maswavlebeli asaxelebs gansaxilvel Temas da ad-

gens gegmas. gonebrivi ieriSis dawyebamde aucilebelia, jgufi SeTanxmdes muSaobis we-
sebze, magaliTad: yvela idea sworia da TiToeuli maTgani unda ganvixiloT; gonebrivi
ieriSis procesSi arafers ganvsjiT da ar SevafasebT; mTavaria ideebis raodenoba da
ara xarisxi.

moswavleebi dasmuli sakiTxis irgvliv gamoTqvamen yvela mosazrebas, rasac moifiqre-

ben, maswavlebeli ki dafaze iniSnavs maT. drois limiti winaswaraa gansazRvruli, maga-
liTad, 20-25 wT.
ideebis Camoweris Semdeg maswavlebeli maT xmamaRla, jgufis yvela wevrisTvis gasago-
nad kiTxulobs. Semdeg moswavleebi afaseben ideebs, davuSvaT, 3 an 5 qulian Skalaze da
msgavs ideebs ajgufeben. sabolood SeirCeva sasurveli, yvelaze maRalquliani, daax-
loebiT 3-4 idea.
rogorc aRvniSneT, gonebriv ieriSs maswavlebeli warmarTavs. man unda gaiTvaliswinos
monawileebis asakobrivi Taviseburebebi, SearCios jgufi, yvelas misces monawileobis
SesaZlebloba, yuradRebiT mousminos, waaxalisos monawileoba, sworad Caiweros maTi
mosazrebebi, daexmaros gaanalizebaSi, dajgufebasa da saboloo SerCevaSi. maswavlebe-
li am procesSi neitraluri da pozitiuria jgufis nebismieri wevris mimarT.
zentaciis mizani, struqtura, gamosvlis dro. Sesavals unda daeTmos prezentacii-
saTvis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloebiT 20 %.
2. ZiriTadi nawili prezentaciis yvelaze vrceli da mniSvnelovani nawilia. is asaxavs
prezentaciis saganis arss, mis Sinaarss anu mTavar saTqmels. saTqmeli unda iyos war-
modgenili naTlad da mokled, SeiZleba sailustracio masalis gamoyenebac. es na-
wili prezentaciisaTvis gankuTvnili saerTo drois daaxloebiT 70 procents Sead-
gens.
3. daskvniTi nawili aris mTlianis Sejameba. misi Sinaarsi damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra
unda warmdgens. SeiZleba man dasvas kiTxva, iTxovos Semdegi Sexvedra sakiTxis ga-
dasaWrelad, kidev erTxel xazi gausvas Sexvedris mizans, ras elis is auditoriisgan
da sxva. es nawili mTliani drois daaxloebiT 10 procents Seadgens.

dadebiTi mxareebi: warmdgenelma winaswar, Zalian kargad unda moamzados warsadgeni sakiTxi da TviTon pre-
zentaciac. mniSvnelovania, rom mas sjerodes rasac ambobs, saubris toni da manera unda
 meTodi SemoqmedebiTia, moswavleebi Tavisuflad da SeuzRudavad gamoTqvamen saku- iyos damajerebeli da mkafio, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens auditoriaze.
Tar ideebs;
imisaTvis, rom moswavleebma kargad iswavlon wardgena, SesZlebelia maswavlebelma mos-
 xSir SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebelia sxva meTodebTan kombinirebulad gamoyeneba.
wavleebTan erTad SeimuSaos Sefasebis Skala, sxvadasxva kriteriumebis gaTvaliswine-
risk-faqtorebi: biT, romlis mixedviTac moxdeba prezentaciebis Sefaseba.

 yvela moswavlis CarTulobis xarisxi;
 SezRuduli dro.
sakiTxis, ideis, proeqtis wardgena anu prezentacia keTdeba informaciis miwodebis an
auditoriaze gavlenis moxdenis mizniT. es efeqturi meTodia iseTi unarebis gasaviTareb-
lad, rogoricaa komunikacia, sakuTari poziciisa Tu mosazrebebis naTlad Camoyalibeba
da msmenelisaTvis gacnoba, argumentireba, poziciis dacva, gavlenis moxdena da a.S. sa-
survelia, SezRuduli iyos prezentaciis Temebi, moxdes, maqsimum, sami Temis wardgena
erT jerze.
maswavlebelma moswavleebs winaswar unda gaacnos prezentaciis tipuri sqema:
1. Sesavali prezentaciis aucilebeli nawilia. misi mizania auditoriis daintereseba
TemiT da pirveli kontaqtis damyareba. SesavalSi kargia auditorias gavacnoT pre-
34
prezentacias, umetes SemTxvevaSi, specialur programaSi `PowerPoint~ amzadeben da pro-
eqtoris meSveobiT aCveneben kedelze an dafaze. saWiroa leptopi, dafa da sxva teqniku-
ri saSualebebi, Tumca, ra Tqma unda, wardgena SeiZleba teqnikis gareSec.
drama _ roluri TamaSi jgufuri muSaobis erT-erTi formaa, romelic xSirad swavlebis
yvela safexurze gamoiyeneba. misi mizania konkretuli realuri an istoriuli situaci-
is gaTamaSeba (Teatralurad warmodgena) da sakuTar Tavze gancda. drama simulaciuri
TamaSis msgavsia, magram maT Soris aris erTi arsebiTi gansxvaveba: dramaSi moswavlem
unda iTamaSos arsebuli personaJis roli, anu gadaiqces am personaJad, xolo simulaci-
is dros is inarCunebs sakuTar vinaobas (identobas) da ise TamaSobs ama Tu im scenars.
roluri TamaSi moswavleebisTvis Zalian sayvareli da saxaliso savarjiSoa, amitom mas-
wavleblebi xSirad iyeneben an meTods swavlebis yvela safexurze. TamaSi swavlebis aq-
tiuri formaa. moswavleebi Teoriul codnas praqtikuli unarebiT amyareben. am dros
35
isini aqtiurdebian gonebrivad da fizikurad. sakiTxis ganxilvis garda, maT saSualeba
aqvT gamoxaton TavianTi damokidebuleba, emociebi, rac aadvilebs swavlis process da,
Sesabamisad, masalis aTvisebas. moswavleebi ufro advilad iTviseben codnas, vidre mxo-
lod wakiTxviT, mosmeniT an, Tundac, dakvirvebiT.
rolur TamaSebs iyeneben, roca saWiroa gamocdilebis SeZena da unar-Cvevebis gamomu-
Saveba, sxvadasxva situaciaSi qcevis wesebi, konfliqtis Sedegiani mogvarebis unari, so-
cialuri kompetencia, gunduri muSaoba, komunikacia, TanamSromloba da a.S.
es meTodi safuZvlian dagegmvas saWiroebs. umjobesia martivi scenaris dawera da winas-
war dadgma, raTa sasurveli Sedegi miviRoT. saWiroa maswavlebelma moswavleebs ara mar-
to gaacnos Tema, mizani da instruqcia, aramed gaanawilos rolebi da avarjiSos, sanam ar
SeZleben damoukideblad TamaSs. roluri TamaSi gulisxmobs TanamSromlobas. is grZel-
deba, daaxloebiT, 20 wuTi. bolos aucilebelia Sedegebis ganxilva da Sejameba.
roluri TamaSebisTvis klasi unda daiyos jgufebad. qvemoT moyvanilia dayofis ramo-
denime meTodi:
1. dayofa siis mixedviT;
2. Tavisufali dayofa, sakuTari survilis mixedviT;
3. dayofa SemTxveviTi SerCeviT: jgufebis raodenobidan gamomdinare, vTxovT monawi-
leebs, gaiTvalon. gaTvlis Semdeg, pirveli nomrebi warmoqmnian pirvel jgufs, me-
ore nomrebi _ meores da a.S.;
4. feradi baraTebis meSveobiT dayofa. maswavlebelma winaswar icis monawileTa rao-
denoba. is arigebs imdeni feris patara baraTebs, ramdeni jgufis Seqmnac unda. jgu-
febi iqmneba baraTebis ferebis mixedviT. Semdeg TiToeuli feris baraTs daWris
imden nawilad, ramdeni wevric aris TiToeul jgufSi. daWrili baraTebi patara ka-
laTaSi iyreba da monawileebi iqidan iReben. jgufSi ikribebian erTnairi feris ba-
raTis mflobelebi. feradi baraTebis nacvlad SeiZleba safosto baraTebis gamo-
yenebac.
5. SesaZlebelia, monawileebi davyoT dabadebis Tvis, ricxvis, weliwadis drois mixed-
viT da a.S.
TamaSis dros moswavleebi asruleben rolebs instruqciis Sesabamisad. roluri TamaSis
Sedegi pirdapirproporciulia jgufis wevrebis procesSi CarTvisa da dadebiTi atmos-
feros SenarCunebis. amitom saWiroa pasiuri wevrebis daintereseba da CarTva procesSi.
TamaSis dasrulebis Semdeg imarTeba msjeloba dasmul mwvave sakiTxze. Semdeg ki monawi-
leebma unda gamoTqvan TavianTi mosazreba, ra gaiges/iswavles am TamaSidan da rogor
gamoiyeneben am codnas cxovrebaSi.
monawileebi afaseben jgufebis muSaobis Sedegebs da ara rolebis Semsruleblebs, imis
mixedviT, Tu ra iswavles, ra iyo dadebiTi da uaryofiTida a.S.
maswavlebeli muSaobis procesSi aris neitraluri da asrulebs damkvirveblis rols.
dadebiTi mxareebi:
 TamaSis dros viTardeba unar-Cvevebi, icvleba damokidebulebebi;
36
 roluri TamaSi realuri situaciis simulaciaa. monawileebs saSualeba aqvT, sxvebis
TandaswrebiT gamoxaton TavianTi damokidebuleba;
 xels uwyobs SemoqmedebiTi unaris ganviTarebas, saxalisoa da zrdis motivacias;
 xels uwyobs masalis safuZvlianad damaxsovrebas, radgan am dros monawileebi emo-
ciurad ganicdian process.
sokratuli meTodis gamoyenebis dros maswavlebeli svams mxolod problemur (da ara
informaciul) kiTxvebs. magaliTad, ras fiqrobT am sakiTxze? ra ganmartebebi gvWir-
deba amisaTvis? igi ar awvdis informacias moswavleebs, martiv ideas eWvqveS ayenebs da
iTxovs moswavleebisgan fiqrs, raTa isini damoukideblad mividnen problemis gada-
wyvetamde.
sokratuli meTodis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia diskusiiT, debatebiT, problemuri kiTx-
vebis dasmiT da sxva. zogjer maswavlebels mohyavs faqtebi moswavleTa mier gamoTq-
muli mosazrebebis sawinaaRmdegod, magram ar afiqsirebs sakuTar pozicias. igi eWvqveS
ayenebs sxvadasxva avtoritetis pozicias. moswavleebi Tavisuflad gamoTqvamen saku-
Tar mosazrebebs dasmul problemasTan dakavSirebiT, Tamamad Txzaven hipoTezebs da
versiebs, aanalizeben erTmaneTis argumentebs.
keTebiT swavlebis, anu praqtikis meTodis gamoyenebis dros moswavleebs awvdian ara in-
formacias, aramed zust instruqcias simulaciisaTvis. am meTodis mizania, moswavleeb-
ma zustad Seasrulon iseTi qmedebebi, romlebic xels uwyobs codnis miRebas an Cvevis
Camoyalibebas.
praqtikis dros maswavlebeli gansakuTrebul yuradRebas aqcevs monawileTa reaqcias,
gamoxmaurebas (ukukavSirs), acnobiereben Tu ara, rasac akeTeben Tu meqanikurad imeo-
reben. saTanado urTierTkavSiris SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelsa da moswavles Soris am-
gvari swavleba gvaZlevs mniSvnelovan efeqts. maswavlebelma moswavles unda SesTavazos
keTebis sqema an modeli, sadac naTlad aris mocemuli miRwevis doneebi da safexurebi.
moswavles esmis davaleba, misi momzadebis done, rogor unda gadavides Semdeg safexurze
an miaRwios mizans, rogor Sefasdeba misi warmateba.
keTebiT swavlebis mTavari principebia: moswavleebisaTvis praqtikuli davalebis mi-
cema, maTi waxaliseba da maTTan saTanado urTierTkavSiri davalebis Sesrulebis pro-
cesSi. SeiZleba es iyos nergebis SerCeva, dargva, xanZris Tavidan acileba, jebirebisa da
wylis kalapotis Semowmeba, skolis evakuaciis gegmis Sedgena da a.S.
37

SeiZleba maswavleblis gadawyvetilebiT, jgufis donisa da SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswi-
nebiT, ZiriTadi sakiTxebis erT Temad miwodeba an piriqiT _ erTi Temis dayofa ZiriTad
sakiTxebad.
keTebiT swavleba saxalisoa, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca moswavleebi Tavad qmnian mo-
dels, rukas da sxva. ase, magaliTad, jgufebi aferadeben saqarTvelos rukaze daculi
teritoriebis kategoriebs (an evropisa da romelime sxva kontinentis konturul ruka-
ze qveynebs) sxvadasxva feriT da gamoWrian. Semdeg ucvlian mezobel jgufebs da awyoben
rukas. gamarjvebuli iqneba jgufi, romelic yvelaze swrafad daasrulebs davalebas.
TvalsaCinoebaze muSaobis meTods mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia swavlebis procesSi. is
moswavleebs exmareba vizualuri informacia aRiqvan, gaiazron da axal informaciad
aqcion. TvalsaCinoebebi, rogoricaa rukebi, ilustraciebi, fotoebi da sxv. farTod
gamoiyeneba sazogadoebrivi mecnierebebis swavlebis yvela safexurze. am dros viTar-
deba moswavlis vizualuri unari. is swavlobs, rom SeiZleba „waikiTxo“ ara marto teqs-
ti, aramed fotoc, naxatic, rukac da miiRo saWiro informacia.
TvalsaCinoebaze muSaobis meTodi iZleva saSualebas, moswavle daeuflos sityvierad
da arasityvierad gadmocemuli informaciis (rukis, diagramis, sqemis, naxatis da sxv.)
gamWoli gaazrebisa da intepretaciis, sakuTari naazrevisa da gancdilis sxvadasxva
saSualebiT gadmocemis unars _ semiotikur kompetencias, romelic agreTve gulisx-
mobs informaciis gadmosacemad niSanTa erTi sistemidan meoreSi gadatanis unars ma-
galiTad, teqstis ilustraciiT gamoxatvis an erTi formiT warmodgenili informaciis
diagramis saxiT warmodgenas. es procesi efeqturia da moswavleebis mravalmxrivi inte-
leqtualuri ganviTarebis saSualebas iZleva.
TvalsaCinoebis arCevisas maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos: moswavleTa interesebi,
gazrdis Tu ara am konkretuli TvalsaCinoebis gamoyeneba swavlis motivacias; SeZleben
Tu ara moswavleebi am resursis saTanadod gamoyenebas; ra sabaziso unar-Cvevebi aqvT
maT am resursis gamosayeneblad; romeli unarebis ganviTarebas Seuwyobs xels es Tval-
saCinoeba da a.S.
teqstze muSaoba werilobiT teqstze muSaoba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani da saWiro meTo-
dia. es aCvevs moswavles arastandartuli teqstebis kiTxvas, amdidrebs mis leqsikur
marags, xels uwyobs kritikuli azrovnebis ganviTarebas da werilobiT dafiqsirebas.
38
teqstze muSaoba ramdenime etapad unda davyoT. Tavdapirvelad moswavleebs teqstis ze-
dapiruli gadaTvaliereba unda vTxovoT; sasurvelia davavaloT teqstidan personalie-
bis, TariRebis, obieqtebis da sxva, advilad aRsaqmeli informaciis gamocalkeveba da amo-
wera. teqstis amgvarad damuSavebis Semdeg, moswavleebs ZiriTadad aRar aSinebT masalis
sirTule da isini ukve mzad arian ufro rTuli davalebebis Sesasruleblad.
momdevno etapze saWiroa teqsti azrobriv abzacebad da strofebad davanawiloT. kargi
iqneba, aseT azrobriv erTeulebs saTaurebsac Tu davarqmevT da maT Sinaarss sajarod
gavaanalizebT.
teqstis struqturuli damuSavebis Semdeg, misi Sinaarsobrivi mxaris damuSavebaze gadav-
divarT. amisTvis vsvamT analitikur kiTxvebs, romlebic moswavles kritikul azrovnebas
ganuviTarebs.
dadebiTi Sedegebi:
werilobiT wyaroebTan muSaoba moswavles uviTarebs da aCvevs:
 faqtebisa da movlenebis interpretaciis unars;
 analitikuri msjelobis unars;
 arastandartuli teqstebis kiTxvas;
 werilobiT dokumentebSi aRwerili realobis sazogadoebriv cxovrebasTan dakavSi-
rebas;
 werilobiT sakuTari azris gamoxatvas.
risk-faqtori:
 asakisTvis Seusabamo da gaugebari teqstis miwodeba.
proeqti Zalian mniSvnelovani da saWiro interaqtiuli meTodia. is saukeTeso saSuale-
baa calkeuli sakiTxebis damoukideblad kvlevisTvis. proeqtis Sesaqmnelad konkretu-
li davalebebi ekisreba, rogorc maswavlebels, ise moswavleebs, kerZod:
maswavlebeli aswavlis jgufs, ra aris proeqti da rogori unda iyos is:
 unda arsebobdes proeqtis Sesrulebis aucilebloba;
 unda iyos mimarTuli konkretuli sakiTxis/problemis gadasaWrelad an gasaumjo-
beseblad;
 unda iyos miRwevadi, anu Sesrulebadi mocemul droSi, sivrceSi da pirobebSi;
 proeqtis Sedegebis gazomva SesaZlebeli unda iyos;
 unda iyos droSi gansazRvruli;
maswavlebeli aswavlis jgufs, rogor unda SearCion saproeqto Tema da daweron proeqti.
 problemis dadgena gulisxmobs iseTi problemis mxilebas, romlis gadasaWreladac
iwereba proeqti. SesaZlebelia, maswavlebelma gamoiyenos gonebrivi ieriSi proble-
39
 mebisa da sakvlevi Temebis dasadgenad, Semdeg ki airCion erTi, romlis gadasawyvetad da eCvevian funqciebis danawilebas da, rac mTavaria, kolegebis mimarT pasuxismgeblobis
Seqmnian proeqts; grZnoba uviTardebaT.

 problemis SerCevis Semdeg moswavleebma, maswavlebelTan erTad, unda gansazRvron
proeqtis mizani, anu xedva, risi miRwevac surT am proeqtis ganxorcielebiT;
 agreTve maT unda dasaxon konkretuli amocanebi, anu nabijebi miznis misaRwevad;
 unda dasaxon dasaxuli amocanebis ganxorcielebis gzebi, xerxebi da saSualebebi,
anu ganxorcielebis procesi: rogor unda mivaRwio mizans? ra dro damWirdeba? ra
resursi maqvs?
 unda ganisazRvros proeqtis SesrulebisTvis saWiro adamianuri da finansuri re-
sursi, agreTve vin razea pasuxismgebeli;
 saWiroa proeqtis ganxorcielebis droSi gawerili gegma, raTa dadgindes, ramden xan-
Sia SesaZlebeli sasurveli Sedegis miRweva.
 moswavlem mkafiod unda Camoayalibos proeqtis Sesrulebis mosalodneli Sedegebi
da miaxloebiT mainc gansazRvros, ra gavlenas iqoniebs es problemis gadawyvetaze,
dasabuTebulad Camoayalibos, ra sikeTe mohyveba proeqtis warmatebiT ganxorcie-
lebas.
 agreTve unda gansazRvros SesaZlo risk-faqtorebi, anu ram SeiZleba xeli SeuSalos
proeqtis ganxorcielebas;
 monitoringi da Sefaseba proeqtis ganxorcielebis Tanmdevi aucileblobaa. igi gu-
lisxmobs saqmis rogorc etapobriv, aseve Semajamebel zedamxedvelobas/kontrols
da winaswar SeTanxmebuli kriteriumebiTa da sazomiT (indikatorebiT) proeqtis war-
matebis Sefasebas ganxorcielebis dasrulebisTanave.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, maswavlebelma SeiZleba Tavadac SearCios saproeqto Tema, gan-
sazRvros miznebi da Sedegebi da mxolod Semdeg warudginos moswavleebs. manve unda
misces moswavleebs proeqtis nimuSi da daexmaros proeqtis daweraSi, gansakuTrebiT
sawyis etapze.
wyvilebSi muSaobis ramdenime aucilebeli wesi:
 maswavlebeli klass yofs wyvilebad;
 klass eZleva saerTo davaleba da maswavlebeli Tavad anawilebs funqciebs;
 moswavleebi davalebas asruleben wyvilebSi;
 dro gansazRvrulia, Tumca, damokidebulia davalebis sirTuleze.
niSandoblivia, rom wyvilebSi muSaobis dros gamomuSavebuli TanamSromlobis unar-Cve-
vebi kidev ufro mtkicdeba jgufSi muSaobisas. jgufebad dayofis mravali varianti arse-
bobs: Tanabari SesaZleblobebis bavSvebiT dakompleqteba; gogonebi da biWebi; megobrebi;
SemTxveviTi SerCeva da sxva. aucilebelia, jgufebis danawileba moxdes swrafad, 2-3 wuTis
ganmavlobaSi.
rac Seexeba jgufSi muSaobis wesebs (lideris SerCeva, vin waradgens proeqts da sxva),
sasurvelia, es wesebi Tavad moswavleebma daadginon, Tumca, SesaZlebelia, gaiTvalis-
winon maswavleblis rCevac. maswavlebelma winaswar unda gansazRvros drois limiti
davalebis Sesrulebis, wardgenisa da SefasebisTvis. samuSaos dasrulebis Semdeg, TiTo-
euli jgufi warmoadgens sakuTar namuSevars. prezentaciis msvlelobisas maswavlebeli
da moswavleebi gamomsvlels kiTxvebs ar usvamen. bolos namuSevrebi gamoifineba da mas-
wavlebeli afasebs maT winaswar SerCeuli da monawileebTan SeTanxmebuli Sefasebis sqe-
mis safuZvelze.
qvemoT warmodgenilia jgufebSi muSaobis ramdenime aucilebeli wesi:
1. jgufis wevrebis optimaluri raodenobaa 4-5 moswavle;
2. klass eZleva davaleba, daiyon jgufebad;
3. maswavlebeli aZlevs davalebas, romelsac asruleben jgufebi, yvela wevri sakuTari
kompetenciis farglebSi erTveba muSaobaSi;

T-diagrama,
-diagrama, anu misi sqematuri gamosaxuleba Zalian xSirad gamoiyeneba sapirispiro mo- 4. davaleba sruldeba winaswar dadgenil droSi (15-20 wuTi)
sazrebaTa gamosaTqmelad, movlenebisa da faqtebis Sesapirispireblad, Sesadareblad.
5. yoveli jgufi muSaobs saerTo magidis garSemo.
maswavlebels exmareba informaciis daxarisxebaSi, magaliTad dadebiTi da uaryofiTi
da sxva niSniT dasajgufeblad. savarjiSo sruldeba individualurad, wyvilebSi an
jgufebSi. maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs T-s, romlis marcxena mxare ivseba dadebiTi maxa-
siaTeblebiT, marjvena ki uaryofiTiT da a.S. es aris swrafad Sesasrulebeli samuSao,
dro SezRudulia (5-5 wuTi TiToeuli mxarisTvis).

sxvadasxva interaqtiuli meTodis dros klasis organizebis zogierTi forma

nebismieri meTodis dros klasi SeiZleba vamuSaoT individualuri, wyviluri, jgufuri

an frontalur-organizaciuli formis gamoyenebiT. moswavleebs uyvarT wyvilebSi da
jgufebSi muSaoba. es Zalian efeqturia da xels uwyobs TanamSromlobis, gunduri muSaobi-
sa da xelmZRvanlis (lideris) unar-Cvevebis Camoyalibebas. mniSvnelovania, rom moswavle-
ebi acnobiereben drois fass da misi racionalurad gamoyenebis aucileblobas, swavloben
40 41
Tavi 2 garemo

dawyebiTi safexuri ( I - V I klasebi) sufTa dabinZurebuli

• ar yria sayofacxovrebo narCenebi • yria sayofacxovrebo narCenebi

meore Tavi efuZneba arsebul erovnul saswavlo gegmas da Seesabameba sagnobriv stan-
dartebs. gansazRvrulia aTi Sedegi, romelsac unda miaRwios moswavlem dawyebiT safe- • ar yria jarTi • yria jarTi

xurze. TiToeuli Sedegis miRwevis Sesafaseblad mocemulia ramodenime sazomi (indi- • ar yria gamouyenebeli samSeneblo masala • yria gamouyenebeli samSeneblo masala
katori) da savarjiSoebi (aqtivobebi), romelic saWiroa am Sedegebis misaRwevad. Sedegebi, • mdinareSi ar iyreba nagavi • mdinareSi iyreba nagavi
indikatorebi da aqtivobebi cxrilSia moqceuli, aqtivobebis ganmarteba da magaliTe-
• mdinareSi sawarmoebidan ar Caedineba • mdinareSi sawarmoebidan Caedineba
bi ki cxrilis gareT. maswavlebels SeuZlia interaqtiuli meTodebi Caanacvlos Tavisi dabinZurebuli wyali dabinZurebuli wyali
Sexedulebisamebr; man winaswar unda gansazRvros savarjiSoebis formati da sirTule
• ar aris avtomanqanebis da qarxnebis • aris avtomanqanebisa da qarxnebis
moswavleTa asakisa da momzadebis donis mixedviT. gamonabolqvi gamonabolqvi

Sedegi I moswavles SeuZlia garemos mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva
 ganasxvavebs sufTa da dabinZurebul garemos
 sakuTar damokidebulebas garemosadmi gamoxatavs sityvierad,
moqmedebiT an naxatis saxiT
indikatorebi
 icis da icavs konkretul garemoSi qcevis elementarul wesebs
 uvlis da ufrTxildeba konkretul garemoSi myof cocxal organizmebs
(mcenareebi, cxovelebi da a.S.)
bolos moswavleebma erTmaneTs unda Seadaron sufTa da danagvianebuli garemo, Sear-
Cion, ra aris maTTvis mosawoni da misaRebi.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs wyvilebad da sTxovs daaxarisxon fotoebi Sav da TeTr
formatebze: Sav formatze awebeben dabinZurebuli garemos amsaxvel fotoebs, xolo TeTr
formatze _ sufTa garemos amsaxvel fotoebs. amis Semdeg formatebs, maswavleblis
daxmarebiT, gamofenen saklaso oTaxSi.

1. T-diagramis
-diagramis an cxrilis Sedgena aqtivoba 3
2. wyvilebSi muSaoba maswavlebeli yofs klass or jgufad, gadascems maT winaswar gamzadebul Sav da TeTr
aqtivobebi
3. jgufuri muSaoba formatebze dakrul fotoebs da sTxovs, gaixsenon garemoSi qcevis wesebi da CainiS-
non. mofiqrebisTvis aZlevs 5-10 wuTs. amis Semdeg moswavleebi ukve maswavleblis dax-
4. praqtikuli samuSao
marebiT daxvewen da SeimuSaveben konkretul garemoSi qcevis iseT wesebs, rac maT uf-
lebas miscems Sav formatze dakruli foto gadaitanon TeTr formatze, xolo TeTr
resursebi: dafa, feradi markerebi, carci, didi furclebi
formatze gaTavsebuli fotoebi ar gaxdes Savze gadasatani.

SeniSvna-rekomendacia: maswavlebeli winaswar avalebs moswavleebs moagrovon (Zveli wesebis SesaZlo varianti:
Jurnal-gazeTebidan da sxva) sufTa da dabinZurebuli garemos fotoebi, raTa Seadginon 1. sayofacxovrebo narCenebi CavyaroT specialur sanagve bunkerSi;
fotoebis banki. me-4 aqtivoba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania, vinaidan igi moswavleebSi
2. liTonis narCenebi SevagrovoT da CavabaroT jarTSi;
zrdis garemos mimarT pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas.
3. nagavi ar CavyaroT mdinareSi;
aqtivoba 1 4. davasufTaoT mdinaris napirebi;
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon, rogori warmoudgeniaT sufTa da 5. ar davyaroT nagavi movlil, sufTa garemoSi;
dabinZurebuli garemo da moswavleTa pasuxebs iniSnavs winaswar Sedgenil cxrilSi an
6. yovelTvis davicvaT garemoSi qcevis wesebi.
T-diagramaSi, romelic warmodgenili iqneba dafaze an did furcelze.

aqtivoba 4

moswavleebma maswavleblis daxmarebiT an sakuTari surviliT gaipirovnon klasSi arse-

buli oTaxis mcenareebi an cocxali kuTxis binadrebi da mouaron maT. Seadginon maTi
pasportebi, sadac Caweren maT saxels, warmoSobas, movlis pirobebs, movlaze pasuxis-
42 43
mgeblis vinaobas da garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi daakvirdebian maTi ganviTarebis
dinamikas.

moswavles SeuZlia gamoTqvas sakuTari mosazreba lokaluri garemos

Sedegi I I
dacvisa da gaumjobesebis Sesaxeb

 akvirdeba da aRwers lokalur garemos

 amoicnobs da afiqsirebs bunebaSi adamianis saqmianobiT gamowveul
cvlilebebs
indikatorebi
 icis da icavs lokalur garemoSi (klasSi, skolaSi, ezoSi, quCaSi,
saxlSi) qcevis wesebs
 monawileobs garemosdacviT RonisZiebebSi
1. TvalsaCinoebaze muSaoba
2. informaciis klasificireba, cxrilze muSaoba
aqtivobebi
3. jgufuri muSaoba
4. garemosdacviTi aqciis mowyoba, saxelwodebiT „fotobraldeba“

resursebi: dafa, carci, markeri, didi furclebi, interneti, proeqtori, fotoaparati

SeniSvna-rekomendacia: maswavlebels SeuZlia, Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr Caanacv-

los aqtivoba _ klasificireba gonebrivi ieriSiT. aqciis mowyoba gansakuTrebiT mniSv-
nelovani aqtivobaa. moswavleebi adreu l asakSive iTaviseben TavianT moqalaqeobriv pa-
suxismgeblobas da sazogadoebaSi sakuTari damokidebulebis Tu azris gamoxatvas
eCvevian.

aqtivoba 1

maswavlebeli aCvenebs moswavleebs lokaluri garemos amsaxvel ramdenime videokadrs

an fotos, sTxovs maT daakvirdnen da zepirad aRweron warmodgenili masala. pirvel
kadrze vxedavT sufTa da movlil skolis ezos, gazonebiT, sanagve urnebiT, dasvenebi-
saTvis gankuTvnili skamebiT, ezos SuaSi mowyobilia yvavilnari, sasiamovnoa xeebisa da
buCqebis CrdilSi dasveneba. aqvea SemoRobili patara sportuli moedani, sadac Ta-
maSoben ara marto am skolis moswavleebi, aramed mezobel saxlebSi mcxovrebi bavSve-
bic. meore kadrze aRbeWdilia tye patara mdeloTi, balaxi, buCqebi, xeebi da mindvris
cxrilis Sevsebis Semdeg maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs: sad isurvebdnen dasvenebas?
yvavilebi, iqve Camodis patara Rele, Cans Camqrali koconis kvali, yria saWmlis narCene-
sTxovs TavianTi arCevanis dasabuTebas; marTavs mokle ganxilvas, raTa moswavleebma
bi, qaRaldebi, polieTilenis parkebi, buCqebis totebi momtvreulia.
gaaanalizon da ise gamokveTon TavianTi ganwyoba da damokidebuleba garemos mimarT.
aqtivoba 2
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, daasaxelon naCveneb videoze an fotoebze ra iyo
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad. Seaxsenebs maT konkretul garemoSi qcevis
adamianis zemoqmedebis Sedegi da ra iyo bunebrivi. moswavleTa pasuxebi iwereba cxrilSi.
elementarul wesebs, urigebs baraTebs, romlebzec aris arasruli informacia wesebTan
dakavSirebiT da sTxovs, Seavson informacia. davalebis Sesasruleblad aZlevs 5-10 wuTs.
kadri bunebrivi garemo adamianis zemoqmedebis Sedegi
Semdeg klasSi sajarod ganixilaven Sevsebul baraTebs. maswavlebeli Seusworebs Tu
xeebi, gazonebi, yvavilnari, skamebi , sportuli SeeSalaT da daamatebs Tu saWiroa.
kadri 1
moedani
xeebi, buCqebi, mdelo, damtvreuli totebi, koconis kvamli, saWmlis narCenebi, SesaZlo wesebi:
kadri 2
yvavilebi, Rele polieTilenis parkebi
 sayofacxovrebo narCenebi CavyaroT specialur bunkerSi;
44 45
 rkinis narCenebi SevagrovoT da CavabaroT jarTSi; aqtivoba 1

 mdinareSi ar CavyaroT nagavi; maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon bunebrivi katastrofebi. dasaxelebulebi
ganlagdeba winaswar gamzadebul asociaciur rukaze, romelic warmodgenilia dafaze an
 davasufTaoT mdinaris napirebi;
did furcelze. SesaZlebelia, Tavad moswavleebma moifiqron an maswavlebelma SesTavazos,
 movlil, sufTa garemoSi ar davyaroT nagavi; rogori unda iyos asociaciuri ruka.

 garemoSi yovelTvis davicvaT qcevis wesebi.

aqtivoba 3

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, TavianTi sacxovreblis maxloblad an saxlidan sko-

bunebrivi
lamde gzaze fotoze gadaiRon dabinZurebuli garemo da skolaSi moawyon fotoga-
katastrofebi
mofena. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebTan SeTanxmebiT, aseTi gamofenis ga-
marTva qalaqSic SeiZleba, Ria cis qveS, magaliTad, skverSi. gamofenis paralelurad,
moswavleebi gamokiTxvas Caatareben, raTa gamoarkvion dabinZurebis mizezebi (urnebis
an bunkerebis ararseboba an nakleboba mocemul monakveTze, nagvis manqanis araregula-
ruli moZraoba da sxva). eko-klubis ufrosi wevrebis daxmarebiT, moswavleebs SeuZliaT
problemis aRmosafxvrelad mimarTon gamgeobas da dasufTavebis samsaxurs. problemis
aqtivoba 2
mogvarebis Semdeg, kvlav SeiZleba moewyos fotogadaReba da fotobraldeba madlobiT
Seicvalos. gamokiTxvisTvis saWiroa, moswavleebma Seadginon martivi kiTxvari, riTac maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs bunebrivi katastrofebis saxeebs, aCvenebs sxvadasxva
gamokiTxaven moqalaqeebs. kiTxvari Semdeg martivi maTematikuri meTodiT damuSavdeba vizualur masalas. igi yuradRebas amaxvilebs im bunebriv katastrofebze, romlebic
da gamovlindeba garemos yvelaze xSiri damabinZurebeli. gamokiTxvis furcelze sur- adamianis saqmianobam gamoiwvia an gaaZliera.
vilisamebr SeiZleba Caiweros mopasuxis gvari da saxeli. moswavleebma, pirvel rigSi, au-
mini-leqcia
cileblad unda gaiazron, rom gamokiTxvis umTavres mizans garemos damabinZureblebis
dadgena warmoadgens da ara gamokiTxulTa vinaoba. bunebaSi xSirad xdeba sxvadasxva saxis bunebrivi katastrofa: miwisZvra, wyaldidoba,
mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi, qariSxali, xanZari, gvalva, cunami da sxva. dedamiwis calkeul
adgilebSi ama Tu im katastrofis albaToba sxvadasxvagvaria, magaliTad, zvavi SesaZle-
Sedegi I I I moswavlem icis da axasiaTebs bunebriv katastrofebs
belia warmoiSvas TovliT dafarul maRalmTian adgilebSi, mewyeri _ tenian da damrec
adgilebSi, tyis xanZari gadametebuli sicxis an adamianis daudevrobis Sedegia da a. S.
• asaxelebs da CamoTvlis bunebrivi katastrofis movlenebs
nebismier bunebriv katastrofas Tan sdevs bunebrivi garemos degradacia. Tu adgili
indikatorebi
• ganasxvavebs sxvadasxva bunebriv katastrofas dasaxlebulia, materialuri zarali da adamianTa msxverpli gacilebiT didia.
• naxatiT gamoxatavs sakuTar damokidebulebas bunebrivi katas-
trofebis mimarT
xSirad bunebrivi katastrofis an misi mzardi uaryofiTi Sedegebis mizezi adamianis ara-
sworad warmarTuli, gadaWarbebuli saqmianoba an garemosdacviTi ganaTlebis dabali do-
1. asociaciuri rukis Sevseba nea. magaliTad, seismurad aramdgradi Senobebis aSeneba, mSenebloba mewyersaSiS zonebSi,
2. mini-leqcia tyeebis gaCexva mTis ferdobebze, miwaTmoqmedebis arasworad warmarTva, tyeSi saxanZro
aqtivobebi
usafrTxoebis wesebis darRveva da a.S.
3. jgufuri muSaoba

4. moswavleTa namuSevrebis gamofena Semdeg maswavlebeli aCvenebs moklemetraJian films (videorgols), romelzec asaxulia
tyeSi mozardebis araswori qcevis Sedegebi.
resursebi: kompiuteri, proeqtori, bunebrivi katastrofebis amsaxveli fotoebi, feradi
fanqrebi, furclebi.
aqtivoba 3

maswavlebeli winaswar amzadebs baraTebs, romlebzec weria sxvadasxva bunebrivi katas-

SeniSvna-rekomendacia: maswavlebels SeuZlia Tavisi Sexedulebis da, rac mTavaria, trofis dasaxeleba (miwisZvra, mewyeri, zvavi, Rvarcofi, wyaldidoba, tyis xanZari). Sem-
saWiroebis mixedviT, aqcenti gaakeTos iseT bunebriv katastrofebze, romelic ufro TxveviTi SerCevis principiT, jgufebi irCeven TiTo baraTs da rac SexvdebaT, im katas-
damaxasiaTebelia maTi regionisTvis. trofas xataven jgufSi. maswavlebeli sTxovs bavSvebs, muSaobisas yuradReba gaamaxvilon,
46 47
adamianis ra qmedebebi gaaZlierebs an piriqiT, Seamcirebs uaryofiT Sedegs da mowodeba krazanebis an WianWvelebis budeebi, wvetiani
(slogani) miaweron TavianT namuSevars. qvebi da qvewarmavlebi; 3) koconis dasanTebad
specialurad amoTxaron ormo da garSemo Se-
aqtivoba 4 mouwyon qvebi; 4) zurgCanTebi umjobesia Ca-
moikidos xeze; 5) Camoweron usafrTxoebisa da
moswavleTa namuSevrebi gamoifineba saklaso oTaxSi. TiToeuli gundis lideri warmoadgens
qcevis wesebi: ufrosebis nebarTvis gareSe ar
namuSevars da TemasTan dakavSirebiT mokled isaubrebs. bolos maswavlebeli Seajamebs SeiZleba savali bilikidan gadaxveva, mdinare-
gamofenis Sedegebs da arss. Si Casvla, fexis dasveleba, laSqrobis dasru-
lebisas teritoria narCenebisagan unda dasu-
Sedegi I V moswavles SeuZlia daicvas garemoSi qcevis elementaruli wesebi fTavdes da saguldagulod Caiqros koconi.

• icis da CamoTvlis garemoSi qcevis wesebs rodesac moswavleebi SeTanxmdebian daniSnu-

indikatorebi lebis adgilze da wesebze, maswavlebeli sTava-
• amoicnobs da irCevs sxvadasxva RonisZiebisTvis (laSqroba, eqskursia)
usafrTxo garemos zobs, warmodgeniT daxaton es adgili.

1. mini-leqcia aqtivoba 2
aqtivobebi
2. eqskursia bunebaSi, keTebiT swavleba adgilze misvlisas, maswavlebeli moswavleebs
3. konkursi yofs ramdenime jgufad da sTxovs, rom banaki-
saTvis SearCion usafrTxo adgili da daasabu-
resursebi: kompiuteri, proeqtori, fotoaparati, qaRaldi, fanqrebi, flomasterebi, zurg- Ton TavianTi arCevani. jgufebis raodenoba da
CanTa.
jgufSi moswavleTa raodenoba damokidebulia
monawileTa mTlian raodenobaze. optimaluria
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: konkursSi gamarjvebulTa dasajildoeblad, maswavlebeli wi- 5 moswavlisagan Semdgari 3-4 jgufi. SeiZleba
naswar amzadebs samkerde niSnebs. maswavlebeli kargad unda icnobdes im adgils, sa- man bavSvebs SesTavazos TamaSebi, bunebasTan uf-
dac bavSvebis wayvanas apirebs eqskursiaze. maswavlebelma TamaSebi adgilsa da garemo ro mWidro kontaqtis damyarebis mizniT, maga-
pirobebs unda miusadagos. liTad:

aqtivoba 1 TamaSi: „me vxedav imas, rasac Sen ver xedav“.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs acnobs dagegmili bunebaSi laSqrobis (eqskursiis) Sesaxeb da
avalebs: 1) winaswar gaigon amindis prognozi; 2) SearCion laSqrobis marSruti da daniS-
nulebis adgili: daniSnulebis adgilze misvlisas, dasabanakeblad SearCion usafrTxo
adgili (mdinaridan an Reledan moSorebiT, SemaRlebul swor adgilze, axlos ar iyos
naSali klde, raTa Tavidan aicilon qvaTacvena, ar iyos kldis piri, rom gamoiricxos
muyaos yuTze amoiWreba WuWrutana, romelic
`Wogritis~ rols Seasrulebs. TamaSis monawileebi TavianTi „WogritebiT“ aTvaliereben
winaswar SerCeul adgils da aRweren mas; danarCenebma unda amoicnon, romeli adgilia. es
TamaSi daexmareba bavSvebs, daakvirdnen bunebas da SeamCnion iseTi detalebi, romlebic,
Cveulebriv, maTi yuradRebis miRma rCeba.

gadavardnis saSiSroeba); yuradRebiT daaTvalieron SerCeuli adgili, rom ar iyos

TamaSi: „gamoicani SexebiT bunebis sxvadasxva sagani“.

maswavlebeli an moxalise mSobeli bunebaSi agrovebs 10 gansxvavebul sagans (kenWi, rko,

girCa, xmeli toti da a.S.) da alagebs maT gaumWvirvale tomaraSi. maswavlebeli mowafeebs
sTavazobs, mxolod xelis SexebiT amoicnon, daimaxsovron da Semdeg bunebaSi moagrovon
tomaraSi arsebulis msgavsi sagnebi. gamarjvebulia is moswavle, vinc ufro met sagans
amoicnobs da moagrovebs.

TamaSi: `bunebis xelovneba~ _ „lend-arti“.

maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom xelovnebaSi aris aseTi mimarTuleba _ „lend-

arti“, romelic gulisxmobs bunebrivi aracocxali masalebiT (Camocvenili foTlebi,

48 49
girCebi, xmeli totebi, qvebi da sxva) kompoziciis Seqmnas. magaliTad, romelime toti damabinZureblebi
mivamsgavsoT raime cxovels da ganvaTavsoT is bunebaSi ise, rom es msgavseba ufro
TvalSisacemi da SesamCnevi iyos. „lend-artSi“ ikrZaleba cocxali da xelovnuri masalis haeri wyali niadagi
gamoyeneba, aseve Seqmnili obieqtis saxlSi waReba. TamaSis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
1. gamonabolqvi: manqanebis, qar- 1. Sxamqimikatebisa da sasuqebis 1. qimiuri sasuqebis da Sxamqi-
bunebis obieqti bunebaSive darCes, Tan ar daazianos buneba. bavSvebs SeuZliaT Caixaton
xnebis, TviTmfrinavebis araswori gamoyeneba mikatebis araswori gamoyeneba
an foto gadauRon sakuTar namuSevars.
4. samSeneblo mtveri 2. mouwyobeli da stiqiuri na- 2. mouwyobeli nagavsayrelebi da
gavsayrelebi, samedi ci no narCenebi
aqtivoba 3 4. freoni da samrewvelo obieqtebis
narCenebi, sayofacxovrebo 3. qvanaxSirisa da sxva wiaRise-
5. narCenebis dawva ulis mopoveba
eqskursiis bolos, maswavlebeli mSoblebis daxmarebiT awyobs konkurss. Ria an daxu- narCenebi
ruli kenWisyriT airCeva Jiuri, romelic gamoavlens garemos saukeTeso damcvels, yve-
laze frTxil da dakvirvebul moswavles da „lend-artis“ saukeTeso kompozicias. ga- aqtivoba 2
marjvebulebs gadaecemaT samkerde niSnebi da simboluri saCuqrebi, romlebic winaswar
maswavlebeli iwvevs stumars, eqims an garemos dacvis specialists, romelic bavSvebs esa-
momzadda maswavleblis da/an monawileebis mier.
ubreba garemos dabinZurebis sakiTxebze, samecniero-teqnikuri progresis pozitiur
da negatiur mxareebsa da maT mavne zemoqmedebaze adamianis janmrTelobasa da cocxal
Sedegi V moswavle acnobierebs garemoze adamianis zegavlenis Sedegeb organizmebze. sasurvelia, moswavleebma jgufurad, winaswar moamzadon kiTxvebi,
gadainawilon da ise dausvan stumars, rom Sexvedris dros iyos wesrigi da daTqmul
• asaxelebs haeris, niadagis, wylis damabinZureblebs droSi Caetios Sexvedra.
• sxvadasxva wyarodan moiZiebs informacias damabinZurebeli faqtorebis
zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb aqtivoba 3
indikatorebi • asabuTebs adamiansa da cocxal organizmebze damabinZureblebis mavne maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moiZion garemos damabinZurebeli faqtorebis amsa-
zemoqmedebas
xveli masala, moamzadon kolaJi da momdevno Sexvedraze warmoadginon, sadac moxdeba
• CamoTvlis da ganasxvavebs samecniero-teqnikuri progresis dadebiT da ganxilva-analizi im mizniT, rom gamoavlinon yvelaze xSiri damabinZureblebi.
uaryofiT mxareebs

1. gonebrivi ieriSi Sedegi V I moswavles SeuZlia msjeloba garemos dacvis aucileblobaze

 CamoTvlis garemosdacviT RonisZiebebs

2. cxrilis Sedgena
aqtivobebi
 asabuTebs, ra wvlilis Setana SeuZlia garemos dacvaSi
3. interviu stumarTan
indikatorebi

 monawileobs garemosdacviT RonisZiebebSi

4. fotokolaJi

resursebi: dafa, carci, markeri, didi furclebi, interneti, fotoaparati. 1. cnebebisa da maxasiaTeblebis asociaciuri rukis Sedgena

aqtivobebi 2. Tavisufali Tema, sajaro kiTxva

SeniSvna-rekomendacia: maswavlebelma klasTan unda SeaTanxmos stumris mowvevis sa- 3. praqtikuli samuSao
kiTxebi. sasurvelia, Ria kenWisyriT SearCion yvelasTvis misaRebi stumari.
resursebi: dafa, carci, markerebi, didi furclebi.

aqtivoba 1
rekomendaciebi: maswavlebels Tavisi Sexedulebisa da SesaZleblobebis mixedviT, Se-
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi CamoTvalon garemos (haeri,
uZlia airCios an moifiqros Sesaferisi qmedeba (aqtivoba). bolo aqtivoba gansakuTre-
wyali, niadagi) dabinZurebis wyaroebi, romlebsac maswavlebeli paralelurad dawers
biT kargia moswavleebis warmosaCenad da erTmaneTTan dasaaxloeblad, igi aviTarebs
dafaze.
SemoqmedebiTi azrovnebis unars.
dafis meore kuTxeSi maswavlebeli xazavs cxrils da sTxovs moswavleebs, saerTo Zale-
aqtivoba 1
biT, ukve arsebuli siidan damabinZureblebi gadaanawilon svetebSi da daajgufon. sa-
Wiroebis SemTxvevaSi maswavlebeli moswavleebs usworebs Secdomebs. maswavlebeli dafaze wers sityvebs: „garemos dacva“ da moswavleebs sTxovs ganmarton,
50 51
ras niSnavs „garemos dacva“, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom maT ukve Seswavlili aqvT es
sakiTxi. moswavleTa pasuxebi iwereba dafaze winaswar momzadebul asociaciur rukaze.
mas, savaraudod, aseTi saxe SeiZleba hqondes (moyvanil magaliTSi ganzrax Setanilia
araswori pasuxebic):
Semdeg, maswavleblis daxmarebiT xdeba asociaciuri rukis Semowmeba da araswori pa-
suxebis Casworeba. moswavleebs SeeqmnebaT mkafio warmodgena, Tu ras gulisxmobs „ga-
remos dacva“. bolos xdeba Sejameba da jgufi erTad gansazRvravs da azustebs termins
- „garemos dacva“.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs Tavisufal Temas: „ra SemiZlia gavakeTo gare-
mos mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisTvis“ an `me da garemo“ da sxva. maswavlebels moswav-
leebi gahyavs skolis ezoSi an axlos mdebare parkSi. aq isini SeigrZnoben bunebas da
weren Tavisufal Temas, garemo maTze dadebiTad moqmedebs. SesaZloa, am davalebis
SesrulebisTvis mieceT erTi saaTi. Semdgom moswavleebi sajarod kiTxuloben TavianT
Temebs da erTmaneTs uziareben bunebisadmi sakuTar ganwyobasa da damokidebulebas.
aqtivoba 3
saskolo garemosdacviTi RonisZieba winaswar unda moifiqros jgufma, maswavleblis da-
xmarebiT. es SeiZleba iyos:
moswavleebi oTaxis mcenareebis foTlebs sveli tiloTi wmenden mtvrisgan ise, rom ar
daazianon.
eko-klubis daxmarebiT tardeba konkursi yvelaze mwvane, sufTa da movlili saklaso
oTaxis gamosavlenad.
52
skolis ezo ganawildeba ubnebad klasebze an jgufebze da gamocxaddeba konkursi yve-
laze kargad movlili nakveTis gamosavlenad.
policiasTan SeTanxmebiT da maTi uSualo monawileobiT, skolis mimdebare gzis monak-
veTze erTi wuTiT Sewydeba manqanebis moZraoba. am drois ganmavlobaSi bavSvebma avto-
mZRolebs SeiZleba miawodon baraTebi, sadac aRniSnuli iqneba, Tu ra zians ayenebs ga-
monabolqvi garemos.
moswavles SeuZlia gansazRvros da daasabuTos saomari moqmedebis gavlena
Sedegi V I I
garemoze
• moipovebs informacias omis SedegebiT gamowveul ekologiur cvlile-
bebze (wyali, haeri, niadagi, landSafti, biomravalferovneba)
indikatori
• adarebs maT mSvidobis periods
• Sedegebs warmoadgens naxatis an narkvevis saxiT
1. jgufuri muSaoba, fotokolaJis momzadeba
aqtivobebi 2. warmodgenili masalis ganxilva
3. piradi informaciis gaziareba, diskusia
resursebi: interneti, kompiuteri, Tematuri fotoebi.
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: maswavlebeli moswavleebs winaswar aZlevs davalebas, moiZion
omis amsaxveli vizualuri masala: fotoebi, naxatebi, SeiZleba Jurnal gazeTebidan.
aqtivoba 1
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad (jgufis, wevrTa raodenoba damokidebulia
moswavleTa mTlian raodenobaze). TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens geografiuli gare-
mos calkeul komponents: haeri, wyali, niadagi, tye; maswavlebeli urigebs maT winaswar
momzadebul fotomasalas, sTxovs, moamzadon fotokolaJi da daasaTauron.
aqtivoba 2
jgufebi gamofenen fotokolaJebs saklaso oTaxSi, Semdgom warmoadgenen TavianT na-
muSevrebs da isaubreben im zianze, romelic SeiZleba omma miayenos haers, wyals, niadags,
tyes.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, gaixsenon 2008 wlis agvistos SeiaraRebuli konf-
liqti saqarTveloSi da CamoTvalon garemos dazianebis konkretuli magaliTebi. maswav-
leblis daxmarebiT SesaZlebelia diskusiis warmarTva.
53
 moswavle acnobierebs garemos dacvis saqmeSi sakuTar ufleba-
Sedegi V I I I
movaleobebs
• moswavle icnobs da CamoTvlis garemoSi qcevis wesebs
indikatorebi • msjelobs garemosadmi sakuTar valdebulebebze
• SeimuSavebs da icavs garemoSi qcevis sakuTar wesebs
1. mini-leqcia
aqtivobebi 2. diskusia, cxrilis Sedgena
3. aqcia-monitoringi
resursebi: dafa, markerebi, carci, didi furclebi, Tabaxis furclebi, interneti.
rekomendaciebi: aqcia-monitoringi SesaZlebelia Catardes regularulad sxvadasxva
drosa da garemoSi, raTa gamoikveTos darRvevebis saxeebi da sixSire. es SesaZlebelia
gaxdes mcire kvlevis safuZveli.
aqtivoba 1
garemos dacvis sakiTxebi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxda XX saukunis dasawyisSi, ro-
desac mkveTrad imata adamianis uaryofiTma zemoqmedebam bunebaze: gameCxerda tyeebi;
arasworad warmarTulma miwaTmoqmedebam daaziana niadagis zeda nayofieri fena; qarx-
nebisa da manqanebis gamonabolqvma daabinZura atmosfero; Camdinare wylebiTa da sa-
yofacxovrebo narCenebiT dabinZurda mdinareebi, zRvebi da okeaneebi, moiwamla niadagi.
zogierTma saxelmwifom gaacnobiera mosalodneli uaryofiTi Sedegebi da SeimuSava
Sesabamisi garemos dacviTi kanonebi da regulaciebi, anu qcevis wesebi, raTa Semcirdes
garemoze adamianis uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba.
garkveul etapze am saxelmwifoebma gaacnobieres, rom garemo globaluri xasiaTisaa da
uaryofiTi Sedegebi yvelas exeba, amitom saWiroa SeTanxmebuli moqmedeba. Sesabamisad
SeimuSaves erToblivi strategia da samoqmedo gegma, romelsac mravali qveyana SeuerTda.
yvela suliers dedamiwaze, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvebsa da mozardebs, aqvs ufleba icxovros
jansaR, usafrTxo da lamaz garemoSi, magram ar arsebobs ufleba valdebulebis ga-
reSe. Tqveni valia mouaroT bunebas; ki ar gaauaresoT arsebuli mdgomareoba, aramed
SeZlebisdagvarad, xeli SeuwyoT mis gaumjobesebas.
aqtivoba 2
Semdeg etapze imarTeba diskusia, romlis msvlelobisas bavSvebi msjeloben sakuTar
ufleba-movaleobebze, asabuTeben wesebisa da movaleobebis dacvis aucileblobas. gan-
xilvis Semdeg maswavlebeli dafaze xazavs cxrils an T- diagramas, romelsac moswavleebi
gonebrivi ieriSis safuZvelze Seavseben.
54
moqalaqe ufleba movaleoba
aqtivoba 3
moswavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT gegmaven da atareben aqcias: „Sen rom buneba iyo“.
maswavlebels moswavleebi mihyavs axlomdebare parkSi, sadac isini garkveuli drois
ganmavlobaSi akvirdebian moqalaqeTa qcevas. Tu SeniSnaven, rom vinme parks anagvianebs,
miuaxlovdebian da zrdilobiani misalmebis Semdeg, Seaxseneben garemoSi qcevis wesebsa
da moqalaqis valdebulebebs, ra SeiZleba mohyves garemos dabinZurebas. moswavleebi
iweren/iReben darRvevebis saxeebs da raodenobas specialurad Sedgenil cxrilSi an
rveulSi.
moswavles SeuZlia gaiazros garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis ZiriTadi
Sedegi I X
moTxovnebi
• zogadad icnobs garemosdacviT kanonmdeblobas
indikatorebi • msjelobs da eTanxmeba / ar eTanxmeba maTi dacvis aucileblobas
• ganixilavs dagegmili RonisZiebebis kanonTan Sesabamisobas
1. mini-leqcia
2. Sexvedra stumarTan
aqtivobebi
3. teqstze muSaoba
4. situaciuri amocana
resursebi: dafa, markerebi, carci, didi furclebi, proeqtori, interneti.
aqtivoba 4
mini-leqciaze maswavlebelma SesaZloa, warmoadginos SerCeuli Temis arsi da ambavi an
moiwvios stumari, romelic gaacnobs moswavleebs garemos dacvis samarTlebriv safuZv-
lebs.
mini-leqcia
saqarTveloSi odiTganve arsebobda garemos dacvis garkveuli tradiciebi, amas adas-
turebs, Tundac, „xatis tyeebis“ arseboba. es iyo wminda adgilebi, sadac xis moWra ikr-
Zaleboda, garda sagangebo SemTxvevebisa. amis wyalobiT moxda tyeebis, niadagisa da wya-
roebis SenarCuneba, Semcirda bunebrivi katastrofebi.
saqarvelos garemosdacviTi kanonmdebloba Sedgeba qveynis uzenaesi kanonis konstituci-
isagan, sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebisa (romelTac xels awers saqarTvelos
mTavroba), saqarTvelos kanonebisa da kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebisagan (prezi-
dentis brZanebulebebi, mTavrobis dadgenilebebi, ministrebis brZanebebi da a.S).
55
saqarTvelos konstituciaSi Cadebulia garemosdacviTi kanonmdeblobis safuZvle-
bi. konstituciis 37-e muxlis me-3-me-5 punqtebiT gansazRvrulia moqalaqeTa uflebe-
bi da valdebulebebi garemos mdgomareobasTan da garemosTan dakavSirebuli infor-
maciis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebiT. 37-e muxlis me-3 punqtis Tanaxmad, „yvelas
aqvs ufleba cxovrobdes janmrTelobisaTvis uvnebel garemoSi, sargeblobdes buneb-
rivi da kulturuli garemoTi. yvela valdebulia gaufrTxildes bunebriv da kul-
turul garemos.~ me-4 punqti xazs usvams saxelmwifos valdebulebebs garemos dac-
vasa da bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobasTan dakavSirebiT. masSi aRniSnulia, rom
„saxelmwifo, axlandeli da momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, uzrun-
velyofs garemos dacvas da bunebrivi resursebiT racionalur sargeblobas, qveynis
mdgrad ganviTarebas sazogadoebis ekonomikuri da ekologiuri interesebis Sesabami-
sad, adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemos uzrunvelsayofad.“ me-5 punqtiT
gansazRvrulia saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa ufleba garemosdacviTi informaciis miRe-
basTan dakavSirebiT da aRniSnulia, rom „yvelas aqvs ufleba, droulad miiRos sruli
da obieqturi informacia garemos mdgomareobis Sesaxeb“.
aRsaniSnavia Semdegi ZiriRadi garemosdacviTi kanonebi:
saqarTvelos kanoni „garemos dacvis Sesaxeb“ (1996 w.) es kanoni zogadia da misi meSveo-
biT dadgenilia garemos dacvis zogadi principebi da samarTlebrivi terminebi. kanoni
moicavs Semdeg sakiTxebs: garemos dacva mavne zemoqmedebisagan; garemos xarisxis ga-
umjobeseba; mdgradi ganviTareba da bunebrivi resursebis mdgradi gamoyeneba; bio-
logiuri mravalferovnebisa da ekologiuri wonasworobis SenarCuneba; unikaluri
landSaftebisa da ekosistemebis dacva; globaluri garemosdacviTi problemebis ga-
dasaWrelad garkveuli Zalisxmevis warmarTva; garemos dacvis sferoSi moqalaqeTa
uflebebisa da movaleobebis gansazRvra; garemosdacviTi ganaTleba.
saqarTvelos kanoni „daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb“ (1996 w.) gansazRvravs da-
culi teritoriebis daarsebis, ganviTarebisa da funqcionirebis aspeqtebs; ayali-
bebs marTvaze pasuxismgebeli organoebis sistemas sxvadasxva doneze da gansazRvravs
sxvadasxva kategoriis daculi teritoriis farglebSi akrZalul da dasaSveb (regu-
lirebas daqvemdebarebul) saqmianobebs, aseve bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebul zogad wesebs.
saqarTvelos kanoni „cxovelTa samyaros Sesaxeb“ (1996 w.) aregulirebs samarTlebriv
urTierTobebs cxovelTa samyaros obieqtebis dacvisa da sargeblobis mimarTulebiT.
kanoni, uSualod veluri faunis saxeobebis dacvis garda, iTvaliswinebs maTi habita-
tebis, samigracio gzebis, gamravlebis adgilebis dacvas, uzrunvelyofs veluri fau-
nis mdgrad gamoyenebas da qmnis samarTlebriv safuZvels misi in-situ da ex-situ kon-
servaciisTvis. 2005 wlis agvistomde mxolod am kanoniT regulirdeboda cxovelTa
samyaros obieqtebiT sargeblobis/licenzirebis sakiTxebic (TevzWeris CaTvliT).
saqarTvelos tyis kodeqsi (1999 w.) gamocemis periodSi aregulirebda saqarTvelos
tyis fondisa da misi resursebis movlasTan, dacvasTan, aRdgenasa da gamoyenebasTan
dakavSirebul samarTlebriv urTierTobebs. tyis kodeqsis” mixedviT, gansazRvrulia
saxelmwifo tyis fondis cneba, raSic igulisxmeba kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze misT-
vis mikuTvnebuli miwebisa da misi resursebis (tyeebi) erToblioba. kodeqsi aseve are-
gulirebda tyis fondze sakuTrebis uflebas. kodeqsis miRebis momentSi tyis fondi
mTlianad gamocxadebuli iyo saxelmwifo sakuTrebad, xolo gansaxelmwifoebriobis
procesi unda daregulirebuliyo specialuri kanoniT.
56
kanoni `saqarTvelos „wiTeli nusxisa~ da `wiTeli wignis~ Sesaxeb~ (2003) samarTlebrivad
gansazRvravs gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi gareuli cxovelebisa da veluri mce-
nareebis saxeobebis saqarTvelos `wiTeli nusxisa~, aseve `wiTeli wignis~ (romelsac eni-
Weba sarekomendacio da meToduri xasiaTis mniSvneloba) iuridiul definiciebs. kano-
niT ganisazRvra `wiTeli nusxis~ struqtura, nusxaSi Sesatani saxeobebis gansazRvris,
nusxis proeqtis SemuSavebis, miRebisa da ganaxlebis (gadasinjvis) procedurebi. aRniS-
nuli kanoni aregulirebs gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis `wiTel wign-
Tan~, safrTxis winaSe myofi saxeobebis dacvasTan, mopovebasTan, maTi aRdgenisa da
SenarCunebis RonisZiebaTa dagegmvasa da dafinansebasTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs.
saqarTvelos kanoni „bunebrivi resursebiT sargeblobisaTvis mosakreblebis Sesaxeb“
(2004). am kanonis mizania saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli bunebrivi resursebis
mdgradi marTva da racionaluri sargeblobis uzrunvelyofa. kanonSi gansazRvrulia
bunebrivi resursebis mosakreblis odenoba da ganxilulia mosakreblebis gadaxdis we-
sebi. bunebrivi resursebis mosakreblebi Sedis im raionis adgilobriv biujetSi, sa-
dac moxda bunebrivi resursis mopoveba. kanoniT dadgenili mosakrebelis odenoba
SesaZlebelia gamoyenebul iqnes resursebis ukanono mopovebis Sedegad miyenebuli zia-
nis/zaralis daangariSebisaTvis. mosakreblis odenoba aseve gamoiyeneba bunebrivi re-
sursiT sargeblobis licenziebis sawyisi fasis dasadgenad.
saqarTvelos kanoniT `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~ (2005). kanoniT dadginda
salicenzio da sanebarTvo saqmianobebis sruli CamonaTvali da am saqmianobebisaTvis
gasacemi licenziebisa da nebarTvebis saxeebi, aseve maTi gacemis saerTo wesebi.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad, urigebs sxvadasxva bunebrivi movlenisa Tu
komponentis Sesaxeb samarTlebrivi normebis Semcveli, erTi mTliani teqstidan amo-
Rebul, abzacebad daWril teqstebs da sTxovs, gaamTlianon drois gansazRvrul mo-
nakveTSi. TiToeuli jgufi waradgens gamTlianebul teqsts da xdeba sajaro ganxilva.
saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, erTad asworeben Secdomebs, azusteben samarTlebriv normebs.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs situaciuri amocanis Sinaarss da sTxovs ganmarton,
rogor unda moqceuliyvnen konkretul SemTxvevaSi.
situacia - a
moswavleebma gadawyvites mwvane nargavebis gaSeneba skolis mimdebare teritoriaze.
moiZies nergebi, saWiro iaraRebi da Seudgnen saqmianobas. orSabaTs skolaSi misulebma
aRmoaCines, rom maTi gaSenebuli nergebi ganadgurebulia, teritoria ki SemoRobili. ra
SeeSalaT bavSvebs? rogor unda moqceuliyvnen, rom maT Sromas fuWad ar Caevlo?
situacia - b
moswavleebma gadawyvites, skolaSi gaekeTebinaT herbariumi, sadac warmodgenili iqne-
boda adgilobrivi flora. wavidnen tyeSi, erovnuli parkis teritoriaze Seagroves
maTTvis saWiro nimuSebi. wamosvlisas erovnuli parkis dacvis samsaxurma CamoarTva
Segrovebuli masala, xolo ramodenime dReSi jarimis uwyebac miiRes. rogor unda moq-
ceuliyvnen bavSvebi, rom masalac SeegrovebinaT da jarimac Tavidan aecilebinaT?
57

Sedegi X moswavle acnobierebs energiis dazogvis aucileblobas
• CamoTvlis energiis saxeebs
• ganasxvavebs ganaxlebadi da araganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebs
• msjelobs da asabuTebs energiis dazogvis aucileblobas
indikatorebi • maswavlebelTan, TanaklaselebTan da ojaxis wevrebTan erTad zogavs
energias da asabuTebs Tavis qmedebebs
• gamoimuSavebs da icavs qcevis wesebs energiis dazogvasTan dakavSirebiT
• eko-klubelebTan erTad monawileobs RonisZiebebSi energiis dazogvis
popularizaciisTvis
1. gonebrivi ieriSi
2. asociaciuri rukis Sedgena
3. T-diagramis ageba
4. jgufuri muSaoba
aqtivobebi
5. prezentacia
6. mcire zomis kvleva
7. wardgena da msjeloba
8. popularizaciis RonisZiebebSi monawileoba
resursebi: dafa, markeri, carci, didi furclebi, aRricxvis furclebi.
SeniSvna-rekomendaca: energodazogvis sxvadasxva aqciebis Tu RonisZiebebis Casatareb-
lad sasurvelia winaswar, sizustiT gaiweros gegma da SeTanxmdes dainteresebul mxa-
reebTan (skolis administracia, municipaliteti da sxva).
aqtivoba 1
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs 10 wuTis ganmavlobaSi daasa-
xelon energiis wyaroebi; pasuxebi iwereba asociaciur rukaze,
energia
romelic winaswar daxazulia dafaze an did furcelze. maswav-
lebeli amowmebs, avsebs an asworebs datanil informacias.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ajgufebs energiis wyaroebs T-diagramaSi, erT na-
xevarSi Seaqvs ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebi, meoreSi ki amowurvadi.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad, daxuruli an Ria kenWisyriT adgens, romel
energoresursze imuSavebs jgufi. aZlevs 20 wuTs davalebis Sesasruleblad da miTi-
Tebebs, prezentaciis dros raze unda gaamaxvilon yuradReba (imsjelon da daasabu-
Ton energiis dazogvis aucilebloba da ganixilon, ra wvlilis Setana SeuZliaT Tavad
maT energiis dazogvaSi). 20 wuTis Semdeg TiToeuli jgufis arCeuli lideri waradgens
sakiTxs.
58
aqtivoba 4
maswavlebeli moswavleebs individualurad urigebs kvlevis Casatareblad saWiro aR-
ricxvis furcels da sTxovs, zedmiwevniT gaiTvaliswinon instruqcia da awarmoon Jur-
nali.
energiis danaxarjis aRricxvis furceli
energiis saxe __________________________TariRi
TariRi __________________________
mricxvelis Cvenebis dro________________
dro sad xdeba dakvirveba: ojaxSi, skolaSi
(qveS xazi gausviT)
ra iyo zedmetad CarTuli _________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
imisaTvis, rom bavSvebisaTvis mosabezrebeli ar gaxdes dakvirveba da Sedegic TvalsaCi-
no iyos, erTi kviris ganmavlobaSi awarmoeT dakvirveba da yoveldRe gaakeTeT amgvari
Canaweri. momdevno kviraSi CaatareT analogiuri dakvirveba, oRond im gansxvavebiT, rom
gamorTeT zedmeti xelsawyoebi. Canaweri aseT saxes miiRebs:
energiis saxe _________________________ TariRi ________________________
mricxvelis Cvenebis dro________________
dro sad xdeba dakvirveba: ojaxSi, skolaSi
(qveS xazi gausviT)
ra iyo zedmetad CarTuli _______________________________________________
ra da ramdeni xniT gamovrTe _______________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
merve dRis Canaweri ki aseTi saxis iqneba:
energiis danaxarji dakvirvebis pirvel kviraSi ____________________________
energiis danaxarji dakvirvebis meore kviraSi _____________________________
danaxarjis sxvaoba pirvelsa da meore kviras Soris ________________________
sxvaoba Tanxobriv ekvivalentSi _________________________________________
ra Tanxa daizoga saSualod erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi ________________________
bolos maswavlebeli aZlevs davalebas: dafiqrdi, risi SeZena SegiZlia danazogi TanxiT,
rac ar daazianebs garemos.
aqtivoba 5
erTi kviris Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen kvlevis Sedegebs. gaimarTeba diskusia, rom-
lis Sedegadac SeimuSaveben energiis dazogvis wesebs, dagegmaven RonisZiebebs energiis
dazogvasTan dakavSirebiT. magaliTad: skolis administraciis daxmarebiT, winaswar dad-
genil dResa da dros, erTi wuTis ganmavlobaSi gamorTaven Suqsa da eleqtro mowyobilo-
bebs mTel skolaSi da sxv. aseve SesaZlebelia ufro masStaburi RonisZiebebis Catareba
qalaqis, Temis Tu soflis masStabiT.
59
Tavi 3
sabazo safexuri (V I I - I X klasebi)
mesame Tavi efuZneba arsebul erovnul saswavlo gegmas da Seesabameba sagnobriv stan-
dartebs. gansazRvrulia Tormeti Sedegi, romelsac unda miaRwios moswavlem sabazo
safexurze. TiToeuli Sedegis miRwevis Sesafaseblad mocemulia ramodenime sazomi (in-
dikatori) da savarjiSoebi (aqtivobebi), romelic saWiroa am Sedegebis misaRwevad. Se-
degebi, indikatorebi da aqtivobebi cxrilSia moqceuli, aqtivobebis ganmarteba da Se-
saZlo gamzadebuli variantebi ki cxrilis gareT. maswavlebels SeuZlia interaqtiuli
meTodebi Caanacvlos Tavisi Sexedulebisamebr; man winaswar unda gansazRvros savar-
jiSoebis formati da sirTule moswavleTa asakisa da momzadebis donis mixedviT.
moswavle msjelobs bunebrivi resursebis mdgrad marTvaze, maT racio-
Sedegi I
nalur da mravalmxriv gamoyenebaze
• icnobs da CamoTvlis bunebrivi resursebis kategoriebs
• msjelobs garemoSi arsebuli bunebrivi resursebis mdgrad marTvaze,
indikatorebi maT gamoyenebasa da mniSvnelobaze
• msjelobs bunebrivi resursebis araswori an gadaWarbebuli gamoyenebis
SesaZlo Sedegebze
1. mini-leqcia bunebrivi resursebis Sesaxeb
2. informaciis klasificireba gonebrivi ieriSisa da cxrilis Sedgenis
meSveobiT
aqtivobebi
3. jgufebSi muSaoba, ierarqiuli kibis Sedgena
4. diskusia
resursebi: dafa, carci, formatis furclebi, markerebi.
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: aRniSnuli savarjiSoebi emsaxureba mosmenis kulturis gamomu-
Savebas. me-2 aqtivoba exmareba SerCevisa da dajgufebis unaris gamomuSavebasa da lo-
gikuri jaWvis agebaSi. me-3 aqtivoba xels uwyobs komunikaciis unar-Cvevebis gamomu-
Savebas da msjelobis dros qcevis wesebis gacnobierebasa da dacvas.
mineraluri resursebi Tavis mxriv iyofa madneul resursebad (Savi da feradi liTone-
bi) da aramadneul resursebad, magaliTad, saTbob-energetikuli resursebi: navTobi,
bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSiri, torfi.
materialuri resursebis garda, arsebobs garemos resursebi, romlebic aucilebelia
adamianis janmrTelobisaTvis, Sromisunarianobisa da kargi ganwyobisTvis. esenia: suf-
Ta haeri, zomieri temperatura, mzis sinaTle/sxivebi, mcenareebisgan gamoyofili da
haerSi gafrqveuli fitoncidebi, romlebic anadgureben damasneulebel mikrobebs da
bunebaSi gamefebuli simSvide. isini ganapirobeben Cvens arsebobas da keTildReobas;
es ki imazea damokidebuli, gavufrTxildebiT Tu gavanadgurebT bunebas da ramdenad
gonivrulad gamoviyenebT mas Cvens sasargeblod.
resursebi gansxvavdeba maTi gamoyenebis wesisa da im gardaqmnebis xasiaTis mixedviT,
rasac ganicdian isini gamoyenebis procesSi. wyali, ra raodenobiTac ar unda movixma-
roT, yovelTvis ubrundeba dedamiwas. miuxedavad amisa, mainc aucilebelia wylis ra-
cionalurad gamoyeneba. mcenareebi da cxovelebi, Tu maT erTi xelis mosmiT ar gava-
nadgurebT, mravldebian da stabilurad inarCuneben balanss. niadagi, mdgradi marTvis
pirobebSi, ara marto SenarCundeba, aramed SeiZleba gaumjobesdes kidec. gamonakliss
warmoadgens sasargeblo wiaRiseuli, romelic gvemsaxureba mxolod erTjeradad, miu-
xedavad imisa, rom zogierTi liToni SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos meoradi nedleulis
saxiTac.
tye geografiuli landSaftis nawilia. tye aris xeTa erToblioba, sadac mcenareebi, cxo-
velebi da garemo erT mTlianobaSi da mudmiv ganviTarebaSia. tye dedamiwaze cocxali
nivTierebis erT-erTi akumulatoria, gansazRvravs garemoSi Jangbadisa da naxSirorJan-
gis wonasworobas. biosferoSi Jangbadis 60%-ze mets gamohyofs xmeleTis mcenareulo-
ba, romelic Tavmoyrilia tyeSi. dadgenilia, rom 1ha Sereuli tye weliwadSi 13-17 t
naxSirorJangs STanTqavs da 10-15 t Jangbads gamoyofs. tye dedamiwis filtvebia.
tye bunebrivi resursis umdidresi wyaroa. aq moipoveba wyali, wiaRiseuli, merqnuli
(xe-tye) da aramerqnuli (xili, kenkra, samkurnalo mcenareebi da sxv.) resursi. garda
aRniSnulisa, tyes mravali damatebiTi funqcia gaaCnia, maT Soris:

aqtivoba 1

sityva „resursi“ franguli warmoSobisaa da niSnavs marags. bunebriv marags/resurss war-

moadgens yvela is elementi, romelic dedamiwis geografiul garss qmnis da, ra Tqma unda,
sasicocxlod aucilebelia adamianTa ganviTarebisa da arsebobisaTvis.

miRebulia bunebrivi resursebis or jgufad dayofa:

1. amouwuravi resursebi: mzisa da qaris energia, wylisa da klimaturi resursebi. Tum-
ca yuradsaRebia, rom dabinZurebis Sedegad es resursic Tvisobrivad amowurvadi
SeiZleba gaxdes;

2. amowurvadi resursebi, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iyofa:

a) aRdgenadi da naxevrad aRdgenadi resursebi, magaliTad, tyis resursi;

b) aRudgeneli resursebi, rogoricaa sasargeblo wiaRiseuli (mineraluri resur-
sebi).
60 61
tyis resursebi naxevradaRdgenadia da dedamiwis organuli samyaros umniSvnelova-
nes nawils warmoadgens, romelic adamianis arsebobis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaroa. mi-
si movla da gafrTxileba aucilebelia adamianis arsebobisaTvis. mTel dedamiwaze
tyis resursebi dRes seriozuli safrTxis winaSea. magaliTad, saqarTvelos tyee-
bis didi nawili ukontrolod iCexeba, 2008 wlis SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis Sedegad,
xanZarma gaanadgura 950 ha tye, ganadgurda iq arsebuli mcenareTa samyaro da cocxali
organizmebi. amis gamo, saqarTvelos garemos dacvisa da bunebrivi resursebis sami-
nistros informaciiT, borjomis xeoba ekologiuri ubedurebis zonad gamocxadda.
saqarTveloSi tyeebs ukavia daaxloebiT 2.7 milioni heqtari, rac teritoriis daaxlo-
ebiT 40%-s Seadgens. saqarTvelos tyeebi mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva. maTi udidesi
nawili mTian reliefzea warmodgenili. saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebul tye-
ebs uaRresad didi mniSvneloba gaaCnia ara mxolod erovnuli, aramed globaluri da re-
gionuli masStabiTac. isini inarCuneben unikalur biomravalferovnebas, uzrunvelyo-
fen mosaxleobisTvis sasicocxlo mniSvnelobis ekosistemas da misi pirdapiri da iribi
sargebelis uwyvetobas, rac uzrunvelyofs ekonomikis mravali dargis funqcionirebas
da xels uwyobs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis keTildReobas.
saqarTvelos tyeebi amaragebs mosaxleobasa da ekonomikas samasale da saSeSe merqniT,
meoradi merqniani asortimentiT, romelic aucilebelia soflis mosaxleobis yofacxov-
rebisaTvis (Wigo, sari, wneli da a.S.), aramerqnuli produqtebiT (Txili, kenkra, xili,
soko, nanadirevi) da samkurnalo mcenareebiT. saeqsportod grovdeba kavkasiuri soWis
(Abies nordmanniana) Tesli, TeTryvavilasa (Galanthus spp.) da yoCivardas (Cyclamen vernum)
gorglebi da Zmerxlis (Ruscus hypophyllum) totebi. tyis produqtebis gadamuSavebiT iqm-
neba mniSvnelovani moculobis damatebiTi Rirebuleba da samuSao adgilebi, rac sof-
lad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis Semosavlebis mniSvnelovani wilia. tye asrulebs gadamwy-
vet rols wylis resursebiT momaragebaSi. sufTa sasmeli wyliT uzrunvelyofis mxriv,
tyeebzea damokidebuli saqarTvelos mosaxleobis didi nawili. baTumi sasmel wyals
iRebs mtiralas erovnuli parkis tyeebidan; baTumis mosaxleoba daaxloebiT 200 000
adamians Seadgens, garda amisa, aq yovelwliurad milionobiT turisti Camodis. tyis
ekosistemis sijansaRezea damokidebuli ekonomikis iseTi seqtorebis wyliT momarageba,
rogoricaa soflis meurneoba da hidroenergetika.
saqarTvelos tyeebi sasicocxlo mniSvnelobisaa rogorc mosaxleobis usafrTxoebisa
da keTildeobisaTvis, ise ekonomikis sxvadasxva dargebisaTvis. tye gansazRvravs wylis
xarisxs, amcirebs wyalmovardnebisa da wyaldidobebis risks naleqebis zedapiruli
Camonadenis regulirebis gziT. isini xels uSlian niadagis eroziis ganviTarebas,
amcireben mewyrebisa da zvavebis ganviTarebis risks da arbileben maT mier gamowveul
zemoqmedebas. tye mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs naxSirbadis globalur ciklSi, at-
mosferodan naxSirbadis STanTqmisa da tyis masasa da tyis niadagebSi misi Sekavebis
gziT. saqarTvelos tyeebis swori marTva da regulireba Zalzed mniSvnelovania hid-
roenergetikis (jansaRi tye amcirebs mdinareebis natans da icavs wyalsacavebs amovse-
bisagan) da soflis meurneobis (niadagis eroziisgan dacva, mavneblebis kontroli, sof-
lis meurneobis kulturebis damtverva da a.S.) ganviTarebisaTvis.
saqarTvelos tyeebi warmoadgens mravali saxeobis sabinadro adgils da samigracio
derefans, exmareba maT genetikuri mravalferovnebis SenarCunebaSi. saqarTvelos mTeb-
Si SemorCenili masivebi dedamiwis zomier sartyelSi SemorCenili ukanaskneli xelux-
62
lebeli tyeebia, rac ganapirobebs maT globalur mniSvnelobas. saqarTvelos tyeebis 95-
98% bunebrivi warmoSobisaa, maTi Semadgenlobis, aRnagobis, zrda-ganviTarebisa da sxva
maxasiaTeblebi ganapirobebs mdidar biomravalferovnebas; qarTul tyeSi daxloebiT
400-mde saxeobis xe da buCqi izrdeba, maT Soris 61 saxeoba saqarTvelos endemia, xolo
43 _ kavkasiis.
saqarTvelos tyeebs gaaCnia udidesi esTetikuri, aRmdgeni da gamajansaRebeli funqcia.
maT mniSvnelovani wvlili SeaqvT qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi, agreTve turistuli
momsaxurebidan Semosavlebis mxriv. saqarTvelos dacul teritoriebze registrirebulia
mnaxvelTa raodenoba 2005 wels _ 5,669 adamiani; 2011 wlisaTvis gaizarda _ 303,686-
mde, anu 2005 wlidan 2011 wlamde 50-jer gaizarda. tyis ekosistemebzea damokidebuli
araerTi kurortisa da turizmis sxvadasxva saxeobis arseboba da ganviTareba. amasTanave,
saqarTvelos tyeebs udidesi samecniero, istoriuli, sulieri da kulturuli mniSvne-
loba gaaCnia, riTac gadamwyveti roli iTamaSa eris gadaCenasa da vinaobis dadgenaSi,
folkloris, tradiciebis codnis, adaT-wesebis Camoyalibebasa da SenarCunebaSi.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, mini-leqciis mosmenis Semdeg daasaxelon, ra aris
bunebrivi resursi da gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebiT 10 wuTSi Seavson cxrili. aqve mas-
wavlebelma unda ganmartos, rom zogi resursi erTdroulad or svetSi SeiZleba Caiwe-
ros. Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad ganixilavs Sevsebul cxrils, Seitans
Sesworebebs, vidre ar miiReben cxrilis gamarTul variants.
kategoria CamonaTvali komentari
amowurvadi
amouwuravi
aRdgenadi
aRudgenadi
aqtivoba 3
klasi iyofa jgufebad, imarTeba msjeloba bunebrivi resursebis gamoyenebaze, gamoyene-
bis Sedegad miRebul Sedegebze, mosalodnel safrTxeebze (globaluri daTboba, niada-
gis, haeris, wylis dabinZureba da a.S.), resursebis xasiaTze (sakvebi, saSeni masalebi...), maT
mniSvnelobaze. Semdeg moswavleebi alageben resursebs upiratesi mniSvnelobis mixedviT,
ierarqiuli kibeze; TiToeuli jgufi gaamzadebs sakuTar „kibes“, Semdeg warmoadgenen da
Seadareben erTmaneTs, maswavleblis daxmarebiT Seajameben da saerTo sqemas Seadgenen.
ierarqiuli kibe SeiZleba ase gamoiyurebodes:
4
3
2
1
63
aqtivoba 4 uyalibdeba teqstze muSaobis, masalis sistematizaciiisa da sxva, kvlevisTvis aucilebe-
li unar-Cvevebi.
maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs sadiskusio Temas: „bunebrivi resursebis racio-
naluri da mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri mniSvneloba“. maswav-
aqtivoba 2
lebeli diskusiis dros aris wamyvani, misi movaleobaa msjelobis mSvidad da sworad
warmarTva. moswavleebi waradgenen Sedegebs da Seajameben maT. prezentaciis Semdeg aucilebelia
kvlevis Sedegebis dajgufeba da sistematizacia dafaze an did furcelze. jgufebSi
moswavle acnobierebs da msjelobs lokalur garemoSi arsebul gaimarTeba msjeloba warmodgenili problemis gadaWris gzebze. Semdeg cxrilSi daa-
Sedegi I I
ekologiur mdgomareobaze jgufeben garemosaTvis adamianis sasargeblo da saziano qmedebebs, magaliTad:
• akvirdeba da aanalizebs lokalur garemoSi arsebul ekologiur mdgo-
mareobas (regioni, raioni, qalaqi, sofeli)
sasargeblo qmedeba saziano qmedeba
• Seiswavlis da agrovebs sxvadasxva samecniero Tu popularul infor-
macias, fotomasalis CaTvliT
xis dargva, quCis dasufTaveba, skolis ezos mo- xis moWra, nagvis dayra, wylis onkanis Riad da-
• arsebuli resursebis safuZvelze, atarebs mcire kvlevas, romelsac wyoba, baRis gaSeneba da a.S. toveba da a.S.
indikatorebi Semdgom warmoadgens sxvadasxva saxiT (werilobiT, fotoebiT an slai-
debiT)
• akavSirebs Tavis garemoSi arsebul problemebs adamianis qmedebebTan
aqtivoba 3
• msjelobs arsebuli problemis gadaWris gzebze
• gaiazrebs jansaRi garemos aucileblobas mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis maswavlebeli wers dafaze sadiskusio Temas: ra kavSiria garemosdacviT ganaTlebasa da
qveynis mdgrad ganviTarebas Soris?
1. informaciis moZieba, mogroveba da sistematizacia, jgufuri muSaoba,
kiTxvaris Sedgena
moswavleebi msjeloben, mohyavT magaliTebi, ganixilaven da adgenen mizez-Sedegobriv
aqtivobebi
2. prezentacia jgufebSi kavSirs moZiebul informaciasa da moyvanil faqtebs Soris, akeTeben aqcents garemos
3. diskusia dacvis aucileblobaze, maTi garemosa da mTlianad qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis.

resursebi: dafa, carci, proeqtori, fotomasala

moswavle acnobierebs da msjelobs narCenebis marTvisa da gadamuSavebis
Sedegi I I I
mniSvnelobaze
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: sasurvelia kvlevis Sedegebisa da fotomasalis gamofena sko-
• moiZiebs informacias narCenebis gadamuSavebaze da msjelobs gada-
laSi da gaSuqeba adgilobriv gamgeobasa da media-saSualebebSi. kiTxvaris Sedgenisas muSavebis mniSvnelobaze
gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos problema, miznobrivi jgufebi, mizani da Sedegi. disku-
• akavSirebs narCenebis umarTaobas garemos problemebTan
siamde maswavlebelma sasurvelia Caataros mini-leqcia mdgrad ganviTarebaze.
• SeuZlia moiyvanos narCenebis (plastmasis boTlebi, polieTilenis pake-
tebi) meoradi gamoyenebis magaliTebi
aqtivoba 1 indikatorebi
• asabuTebs meoradi warmoebis da gamoyenebis ekologiur da ekonomikur
moswavleebi iyofian jgufebad da inawileben TavianT axlo garemos (skolis ezo, quCa, mniSvnelobas saqarTvelosTvis NEAP-is resursebis gamoyenebiT
qalaqi), romelsac daakvirdebian da gamoikvleven ekologiuri mdgomareobis kuTxiT. • akavSirebs da asabuTebs narCenebis meoradi gamoyenebisa da gadamuSavebis
process ekologiur da ekonomikur mdgradobasTan
kvlevisaTvis Seadgenen kiTxvars, rogorc informaciis moZiebis karg saSualebas. saval-
debuloa, kiTxvebi iyos gasagebi, konkretuli da mokle. pasuxebis grafa ki Sedgebodes 1. mini-leqcia
Semdegi savaraudo pasuxebisgan, ase, magaliTad:
2. videofilmi
3. msjeloba jgufebSi
ar maqvs gamokve Ti li aqtivobebi
kiTxva ki ara
mosazreba
4. sakiTxis wardgena da Sejameba
5. praqtikuli samuSao: cda, situaciuri amocana
Tqveni azriT, narCenebisTvis aucilebelia Tu ara qu- 6. narCenebisgan suvenirebis damzadeba, namuSevrebis gamofena-gayidva
CaSi 3 sxvadasxva konteineris dadgma minis, plastma-
sisa da qaRaldis narCenebisaTvis? resursebi: dafa, kompiuteri, proeqtori, narCenebi, cdisTvis saWiro inventari (ix. qvemoT)

informacia SeiZleba moiZion beWdviTi, media-saSualebebiT an internetiT. moswavles SeniSvna-rekomendacia: SesaZlebelia, filmis naxvis Semdeg filmTan dakavSirebiT Se-
64 65
avson kiTxvari. meoradi gamoyenebis nivTebis gamofena-gayidva saukeTeso savarjiSoa
SemoqmedebiTi ideebis gamosavlenad, Semosuli Tanxa SesaZlebelia gamoiyenon eko-
klubisTvis.
aqtivoba 1
garemos anTropogenuri dabinZureba SeiZleba ganimartos, rogorc adamianis saqmianobis
Sedegad garemos uaryofiTi cvlileba. garemos anTropogenuli cvlileba adamianis
warmoSobasTan erTad daiwyo da misi evoluciis paralelurad Zlierdeboda. planetis
mosaxleobis zrdasTn erTad, intensiurad izrdeba bunebrivi resursebis mopovebisa
da moxmarebis masStabi. mrewvelobisa da soflis meurneobis dargebi met resurss ga-
daamuSavebs da met produqts awarmoebs, rac uaryofiT cvlilebebs iwvevs atmosferoSi,
hidrosferoSi, liTosferoSi; ziandeba biosferos cocxali elementebi: mcenareebi,
cxovelebi, mikroorganizmebi; sustdeba biocenozebis TviTregulirebis unari, rac sabo-
lood maT degradirebas uwyobs xels.
narCeni aris adamianis saqmianobis Tanaproduqti; es aris nebismieri nivTiereba an sa-
gani, romelsac mflobeli Tavidan iSorebs. arsebobs sayofacxovrebo, samrewvelo, sa-
medicino da biologiuri narCenebi.
dReisaTvis narCenebis marTvas saqarTveloSi aregulirebs Semdegi kanonebi:
 `garemos dacvis Sesaxeb~
 `licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb~
 `janmrTelobis dacvis Sesaxeb~
 `saqarTvelos teritoriaze narCenebis tranzitisa da importis Sesaxeb~
 `adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb~
 `garemos dacvis saxelmwifo kontrolis Sesaxeb~
 `sanitaruli kodeqsi”
 `saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsi~
 Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba
 `myari sayofacxovrebo poligonebis mowyobisa da eqspluataciis sanitaruli
wesebisa da normebis Sesaxeb~
 bazelis konvencia `saxifaTo narCenebis transsasazRvro gadazidvasa da maT gan-
Tavsebaze kontrolis Sesaxeb~
saqarTveloSi narCenebi garemos dabinZurebis da adamianis janmrTelobaze mavne zemoqme-
debis wyaroa da seriozul ekologiur problemas qmnis. qveyanaSi ar arsebobs narCenebis
marTvis srulyofili sistema. magaliTad, TvalSisacemia pirdapir bunebaSi (gzispirebze,
xramebSi, parkebSi, mdinareebSi) dayrili didi raodenobiT polieTilenis parkebi da sxva
narCenebi. aucilebelia „unarCeno teqnologiiebis“ gamoyeneba produqciis, energiisa
da nedleulis miRebisaTvis, romelic gulisxmobs narCenebis mravaljerad, ciklur
gamoyenebas. mecnierTa azriT, SesaZlebelia narCenebis 2/3-is xelmeored gamoyeneba, rasac
didi mniSvneloba aqvs bunebrivi resursebis dazogvis TvalsazrisiT da ekologiuri
mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisaTvis. magaliTad, Tboeleqtrosadgurebis muSaobis Sede-
66
gad, msoflioSi aTasobiT milioni tona narCeni (nacari, wida) warmoiqmneba yovel wels,
rac asobiT heqtar savarguls abinZurebs. „unarCeno teqnologiis“ pirobebSi SesaZlebe-
li iqneboda am narCenebis gamoyeneba samSeneblo masalebis an zogierTi metalis (rkina,
alumini da sxva) dasamzadeblad. nedleulisa da energiis racionalurad da kompleqsurad
gamoyeneba amcirebs garemoze uaryofiT zemoqmedebas da negatiuri globaluri procesebis
ganviTarebis risks.
sasurvelia, maswavlebelma moswavleebs gaacnos narCenebTan dakavSirebuli saintereso
faqtebi. magaliTad, ratom qmnis polieTilenis paketi problemas:
 ar aris biodegradirebadi (1000 weli sWirdeba mis daSlas);
 mzaddeba polieTilenisgan, romelic, Tavis mxriv, iwarmoeba navTobproduqtebisgan;
 100 milioni paketis sawarmoeblad saWiroa 1627t navTobi;
 warmoebis procesSi gamonabolqvi abinZurebs haers;
 abinZurebs niadags da miwisqveSa wylebs toqsikuri nivTierebebiT, aRwevs kvebiT
jaWvSi;
 rTulia misi xelmeored gadamuSaveba, muSavdeba mxolod 1%;
 msubuqia, qars gadaaqvs da xvdeba tyeebSi, mindvrebze, zRvebSi, okeaneebSi, mdinareebsa
da tbebSi;
 zRvaSi moxvedrili polieTilenis paketebis gadaylapvis Sedegad, weliwadSi, daax-
loebiT, erTi miliardi frinveli da ZuZumwovari iRupeba.
aqtivoba 2
leqciis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs aCvenebs films, romelic asaxavs narCenebis
swori marTvisa da gadamuSavebis process.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli yofs moswavleebs jgufebad da sTxovs, imsjelon nanax filmze, Semdeg
warmoadginon TavianTi mosazrebebi jgufurad. TiToeuli jgufi asaxavs ciklis TiTo
rgols: warmoeba _ nedleulis miReba, nedleulis meoradi gadamuSaveba da gamoyeneba.
prezentaciis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs TiToeul jgufs gaakeTon dasabuTebuli das-
kvna aRniSnuli procesis pozitiur rolze ekologiisTvis da ekonomikisTvis. moswavleeb-
ma daskvna SeiZleba warmoadginon, rogorc werilobiT, ise zepirad an naxatis saxiT.
aqtivoba 4
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs situaciur amocanas da sTxovs, imsjelon proble-
mis gadaWris gzebze. situaciuri amocanis mizania, moswavlem SeZlos msjeloba narCenebis
maxasiaTeblebze da garemos dabinZurebis Sedegze.
situaciuri amocana: laSqrobaze, waxemsebis Semdeg, bavSvebma daasufTaves adgili da
narCenebi moaTavses polieTilenis parkSi. narCenebSi iyo: purisa namcxvris namcecebi,
kitrisa da pomidvris naTali, kvercxis naWuWi. paketi narCenebiT dafles miwis TxrilSi.
saWiro resursi: dafa, carci, markeri, didi furceli, erTjeradi Wiqebi, niadagi, puris
67
namcecebi, bostneulis naTali, 2 c. polieTilenis paketi, erTjeradi TefSi, minis an xis da SeiZinon nivTebi. Segrovebuli Tanxis gamoyeneba gadawydeba eko-klubis mmarTveli
wkirebi 1-2 c. sabWos sxdomaze. es savarjiSo moswavleebSi ganaviTarebs SemoqmedebiT azrovnebas, prag-
matul unar-Cvevebs, resursis mdgrad marTvas.
maswavlebeli svams kiTxvas: ramdenad sworad moiqcnen bavSvebi? moswavleebi msjeloben da
pasuxebs weren dafaze an did furcelze, winaswar momzadebul cxrilSi.
moswavles esmis da msjelobs samecniero-teqnikuri progresis dadebiT da
Sedegi I V
uaryofiT mxareebze
sworad moiqcnen arasworad moiqcnen pasuxi ar vici
• moiZiebs informacias samecniero-teqnikuri progresisa da adamianis ga-
remoze zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb

• msjelobs samecniero-teqnikuri progresis dadebiT da uaryofiT Sede-

indikatori
gebze

• asabuTebs samecniero-teqnikuri progresis mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirebs

da gavlenas adamiansa da garemoze

pasuxebis gasarCevad da varaudis gasamtkiceblad maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs 1. fotomasalis moZieba da gamofena
cdas: erTjerad WiqebSi movaTavsoT fxvieri niadagi. Wiqebi davnomroT da monacemebi 2. jgufuri muSaoba:
CaviweroT. erT WiqaSi niadagSi movaTavsoT qaRaldis xelsaxocSi gaxveuli sxvadasxva aqtivobebi
a) gonebrivi ieriSi;
sakvebis narCeni, meoreSi ki igive narCenebi, gaxveuli polieTilenis paketSi. orive
Wiqa davdgaT Tbil adgilas 10-12 dRe da yovel meore dRes davnamoT sinotivis Sesa- b) T- diagramis ageba.

narCuneblad, rac aucilebeli pirobaa. 10 dRis Semdeg pirveli Wiqis SigTavsi gadmov-
yaroT TefSze da minis an xis wkiriT gavqeqoT niadagi Cafluli narCenebis aRmosaCenad;
igive gavakeToT meore Wiqazec. dakvirvebis Sedegebi SevitanoT cxrilSi, romelic iqve
gvaqvs sadac cdis dasawyisSi monacemebi CaviwereT.
pirveli Wiqa meore Wiqa
resursebi: fotoaparati, dafa, didi furclebi, Wikartebi, webovani lenti, kompiuteri,
proeqtori da sxva
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: fotoebis gamofena sasurvelia moewyos skolis derefanSi, raTa
yvelas hqondes misi naxvis saSualeba. asociaciuri rukis mxatvruli forma damoki-
debulia maswavleblis fantaziaze. is SeiZleba iyos mze, varskvlavi da a.S.

aqtivoba 1

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, moiZion infor-

dadebiTi uaryofiTi
macia da fotomasala garemoze samecniero-teqnikuri
mxare mxare
progresis gavlenis Sesaxeb, risTvisac SeuZliaT ga-
moiyenon rogorc beWduri media, ise interneti.

cdis Sedegad moswavleebi dainaxaven, rom polieTileni xels uSlis niadagSi narCenebis
gaxrwnas. sasurvelia, maswavlebelma winaswar Seaxsenos moswavleebs saprofituli baq-
teriebis rolis Sesaxeb niadagis ekosistemasa da nivTierebis wrebrunvaSi. cda unda
daiweros oqmis formatSi, raTa monawileebma iswavlon informaciis sistematizacia,
dajgufeba da daformateba.
maswavlebeli aZlevs saSinao davalebas, moiZion informacia narCenebis meorad gamoye-
nebaze; ganaxorcielon narCenebis (plastmasis boTli, polieTilenis paketi da a.S.) meo-
radi gamoyeneba.
aqtivoba 5
skolis administraciisa da maswavleblis daxmarebiT, skolaSi gamoifineba sxvadasxva
narCenisgan gakeTebuli nivTebi. mowveul stumrebs SesaZlebloba eqnebaT daaTvalieron
68
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebTan erTad waradgens mo-
Ziebul informacias da fotomasalas, nebismieri,
maTTvis xelmisawvdomi saSualebiT: proeqtori,
dafa, kedeli, didi furceli da sxva. Semdeg yofs
moswavleebs jgufebad da sTxovs, dafiqrdnen da
gamoTqvan mosazreba, Tu ra dadebiTi da uaryofi-
Ti Sedegi SeiZleba gamoiwvios teqnikurma prog-
resma (gonebrivi ieriSi). gamoTqmul azrebs daweren
dafaze, T-diagramis formatSi; Semdgom moswavle-
ebi Seajameben Sedegebs.
69
 moswavles esmis globaluri problemebis gadaWris aucilebloba da SeuZ-
Sedegi V
lia am Temaze msjeloba

• CamoTvlis da axasiaTebs globalur problemebs

• msjelobs bunebisa da adamianis urTierTqmedebis gavlenaze globaluri
problemebis CamoyalibebaSi

indikatori
• asabuTebs bunebrivi da anTropogenuri faqtorebis negatiur gavlenas
globalur da lokalur garemoze
• msjelobs globalur problemebze saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi
• gaiazrebs globaluri problemebis mogvarebis strategiul mniSvnelo-
bas mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis

1. gonebrivi ieriSi
aqtivobebi 2. asociaciuri rukebis Sedgena
3. diskusia jgufebSi

resursebi: dafa, carci, didi furceli, feradi markerebi.

aqtivoba 1 da 2
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gonebrivi ieriSis meTodiT Seavson asociaciuri ru-
ka, romelic warmodgenilia dafaze: „globaluri problemebis“ raoba. moswavleebis ga-
moTqmul mosazrebebs maswavlebeli wers asociaciur rukaze. maswavlebeli aRniSnavs,
rom CamoTvlili problemebis umravlesoba ekologiur problemebTanaa dakavSirebuli
da sTxovs moswavleebs, CamoTvalon globaluri ekologiuri problemebi. gonebrivi
ieriSis safuZvelze keTdeba meore asociaciuri ruka, globaluri ekologiuri prob-
lemebis gaTvaliswinebiT.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli klass sTavazobs Temas msjelobisTvis: „globaluri problemebi da sa-
qarTvelo. maTi gamomwvevi mizezebi.“ es savarjiSo Zalian saxalisoa. bavSvebi msjeloben,
kamaToben, gamoTqvamen sakuTar mosazrebas da argumentebs, romlebic gamyarebulia
winaswar moZiebuli informaciiT da codniT. maswavlebeli asrulebs wamyvanis rols,
igi akvirdeba da aZlevs diskusias swor mimarTulebas. aucileblad daculi unda
iyos qcevis normebi, romelzedac maswavlebeli da moswavleebi diskusiis dawyebamde
Tanxmdebian.

moswavles esmis da msjelobs genmodificirebuli organizmebis (gmo) gavle-

globaluri Sedegi V I
naze adamianis janmTelobasa da ekosistemaze
problemebi
• icis gmo-s Sesaxeb
mosaxleobis epidemiebis
warmoSoba da • ainteresebs da iZiebs masalas gmo-s (dadebiT da uaryofiT Tvisebebis)
swrafi zrda gavlenaze adamianze da sxva cocxal organizmebze
gavrceleba indikatorebi
• akavSirebs gmo-s arsebobas teqnikur progresTan
• msjelobs gmo-s Sesaxeb kompetenturad, daskvnebs wamoadgens naxatis,
fotos an sxva TvalsaCinoebis meSveobiT

energetikuli 1. informaciis miwodeba, mini-leqcia

krizisis urbanizacia 2. informaciis moZieba da wardgena/gamofena/ videofilmi da sxva
gamwvaveba 3. jgufuri muSaobis Sedegebis prezentacia
aqtivobebi
4. diskusia
sursaTis
ukmarisoba da 5. mcire kvleva
siRatake ganviTarebad 6. sainformacio saganmanaTleblo aqcia
qveynebSi resursebi: dafa, carci, didi furclebi, feradi markerebi, fanqrebi, Wikartebi, webovani len-
ti da sxv.

70 71
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: informaciis mosaZieblad moswavleebs SesTavazeT sxvadasxva veb-
gverdebi, magaliTad: www.csa.com/gmfood; www.ambioni.ge/genmodipiqirebuli-producti; www.mkurnali.
ambebi.ge/genmodificirebuli/sakvebi; msjelobisa da kamaTis win gansazRvreT da SeTanxmdiT
qcevis wesebze.
aqtivoba 1
ra aris gmo? gmo _ genetikurad modificirebuli (genmodificirebuli) organizmia, ro-
mlis genetikuri masala (dnm) Seicvala genetikuri inJineriis meTodis gamoyenebiT; es
meTodi cnobilia rekombinantuli dnm-is teqnologiis krebiTi saxeliTac. rekombinan-
tuli dnm-is teqnologia saSualebas iZleva Seiqmnas axali genebi, sxvadasxva organizmis
dnm-is molekulebis axali kombinaciiT. es axali genebi (romlebic dnm-is fragmentebia)
Semdeg SehyavT romelime organizmSi, ris Sedegadac es organizmi iZens Secvlil an
sruliad axal Tvisebebs. am teqnologiis gamoyenebiT iqmneba transgenuli organizmebi,
romlebic gmo-s erT-erTi kerZo SemTxvevaa da Seicavs ramdenime sxvadasxva organizmi-
dan miRebul dnm-s anu genebs.
zogierTi mecnieris azriT, gmo biologiuri procesebis bunebriv mimdinareobaSi uxe-
Si Carevaa, rac evoluciis kanonebis darRvevad SeiZleba CaiTvalos. arsebobs sawi-
naaRmdego mosazrebac, rom gmo aris im procesis gagrZeleba, romelsac adamiani sau-
kuneebis manZilze iyenebda mcenareTa da cxovelTa jiSebis gaumjobesebisTvis. genur
inJineriaSi momuSave mecnierebma gadawyvites, TavianTi codna sakvebad vargisi mcena-
reebis gamoyvanis procesSi gamoeyenebinaT, raTa moexdinaT maTi ,,gaumjobeseba“, anu
srulyofa. magaliTad, genetikosebma kambalaSi aRmoaCines yinvagamZle geni, `amokveTes“
igi kambalas dnm-idan da gadaitanes pomidvris dnm-Si, misTvis yinvagamZleobis miniWebis
mizniT. Sedegad, pomidvris nayofi yinvagamZle gaxda, Sesabamisad, gaizarda misi moyvanis
periodic. genuri inJineriis gziT gamoiyvanes simindis, kartofilis, soios, marwyvis,
atmis da sxva mcenareTa axali `jiSebi~.
miuxedavad dasaxelebuli dadebiTi mxarisa, jer kidev mimdinareobs dava mecnierebs So-
ris, Tu ramdenad usafrTxoa adamianis janmrTelobisa da garemosaTvis gmo-ebi. genebis
gadanergvas mosdevs principulad axali formebis warmoqmna, romelTa ujredebSic Se-
saZlebelia moxdes adamianisTvis saSiSi nivTierebebis (toqsinebi, alergenebi da a.S.) Tav-
moyra da sinTezireba, risi winaswar gaTvlac SeuZlebelia. gmo warmoadgens adamianis
mier xelovnurad Seqmnil axal organizms, axali TvisebebiT. SeiZleba es Tvisebebi sazi-
ano aRmoCndes, rogorc adamianisaTvis (magaliTad, transgenuri mcenaris sakvebad ga-
moyenebisas), ise ekosistemisaTvis (magaliTad, transgenuri mcenaris mtveriT SeiZleba
moxdes sxva mcenaris damtverva, rac gamoiwvevs cvlilebebis mTel jaWvs). gmo-s bunebaSi
gavrcelebam SesaZloa igive efeqti iqonios biomravalferovnebisaTvis, rac ucxo saxeobe-
bis introducirebas aqvs. axali niSan-Tviseba, romliTac gmo-ebi xasiaTdeba, maT ufro
konkurentunarians xdis adgilobriv saxeobeTan an kulturul jiSebTan SedarebiT, ra-
mac SesaZlebelia seriozuli ekologiuri darRvevebi gamoiwvios. transgenuri kulture-
bis damkvidreba biomravalferovnebisTvis sxva saSiSroebis Semcvelicaa: genuri inJineria
monokulturebis Seqmnis teqnologiaa. monokultura genetikur erTgvarovnebas niSnavs,
genetikurad erTgvarovani kulturebis naTesebi ki bevrad mgrZnobiarea daavadebisa Tu
garemos araxelsayreli pirobebis mimarT. amrigad, gmo-s bunebaSi gavrcelebis Sedegad
SesaZlebelia moxdes biomravalferovnebis cvlileba jer genetikur, Semdeg ki saxeobriv
da ekosistemur doneze.
72
genmodificirebuli organizmebis regulirebis CarCoebis gansazRvra sakmaod rTu-
li aRmoCnda msofliosaTvis; sirTule ki saTanado balansis damyarebaSi mdgomareobs:
mniSvnelovan sargebelsa da adamianis/garemos janmrTelobasa da garantirebul usafr-
Txoebas Soris. am mizniT 2000 wels SemuSavda saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi dokumen-
ti: biousafrTxoebis kartaxenas oqmi, romelic ZalaSi Sevida 2003 wlis 11 seqtembers.
kartaxenas oqmi efuZneba gaero-s 1992 wlis „garemosa da ganviTarebis rio-de-Janeiros
deklaraciis“ me-15 princips, romelic exeba usafrTxoebis winaswari zomebis miRebas.
am principis arsia: rodesac arsebobs garemosaTvis seriozuli da Seuqcevadi zianis
miyenebis safrTxe, mis aRsakveTad mimarTuli RonisZiebebis gatarebis dabrkolebis
mizezi ar unda gaxdes sarwmuno mecnieruli monacemebisa da codnis ararseboba59.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, moiZion damatebiTi informacia, foto da videomasa-
la genmodificirebul organizmebze da gaakeTon gamofena skolaSi an moawyon videomasa-
lis Cveneba, ris Semdegac sasurvelia nanaxis ganxilva da moswavleTa damokidebulebebis
gaziareba. saintereso iqneba, Tu mosawavleebi gamofenaze gamoitanen produqtebs da iq-
ve moawyoben konkurss genmodificirebuli produqciis amocnobaze. gamarjvebulisTvis
eqnebaT TavianTi xeliT damzadebuli simboluri saCuqari.
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs ramdenime jgufad da dafaze wers kiTxvebs jgufebSi
ganxilvisTvis:
1. moixmarT Tu ara genmodificirebul produqts?
2. ra migaCniaT ekologiurad sufTa produqtad?
3. axdens Tu ara gavlenas gmo adamianis janmrTelobaze?
4. Tqveni azriT, aris Tu ara gmo sakvebi produqti bunebrivze ukeTesi?
5. unda daareguliros Tu ara saxelmwifom kanonmdeblobiT gmo produqtebis warmoeba
da Semotana?
6. ra saSiSroebas warmoadgens gmo bunebisTvis? adamianisTvis?
jgufebi irCeven kiTxvebs lotos principiT. samuSao dro 15-20 wuTi. samuSaos dasru-
lebis Semdeg, jgufis lideri waradgens jgufis azrs dasmul kiTxvasTan dakavSirebiT.
aqtivoba 4
maswavlebeli dafaze wers kiTxvas, magaliTad: aris Tu ara saziano gmo garemosaTvis?
unda iyos Tu ara gmo produqti niSandebuli? moswavleebi msjeloben dasmuli kiTxvis
garSemo. maswavlebeli asrulebs wamyvanis rols, ar ereva msjelobaSi, cdilobs, rom
msjeloba ar gascdes Temas, daculi iyos SeTanxmebuli qcevis wesebi da daTqmuli dro.
aqtivoba 5
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Caataron mcire kvleva sakvebi produqtebis Semad-
genlobisa da vargisianobis Sesaxeb. moswavleebi gonebrivi ieriSis meTods iyeneben, rom
daadginon pirveladi gamoyenebis produqtebis sia. maT amisTvis aqvT 10 wuTi. Semdeg
73
iyofian jgufebad, maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs urigebs Tanabari raodenobis pro- SeniSvna-rekomendacia: TvalsaCinoebis daxmarebiT izrdeba mxedvelobiTi da mexsiere-
duqtebis sias. jgufma unda gamoikvlios, romelia aqedan janmrTelobisTvis ufro sa- biTi unar-Cvevebis gamomuSaveba. me-3 aqtivoba aviTarebs kvleviT unar-Cvevebs da Ta-
ziano. visufal azrovnebas.

moswavleebs kvlevisTvis aqvT erTi dRe. TiToeuli jgufi midis sasursaTo maRaziaSi da
aqtivoba 1
siaSi mocemuli produqtebis SefuTvaze azustebs maT Semadgenlobasa da vargisianobas.
moswavleebi akeTeben Canawers. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gonebrivi ieriSis gamoyenebiT T-diagramis Sedgenas, bu-
nebrivi da anTropogenuri landSaftebis CamoTvlas da T-diagramaze ganlagebas.
meore dRes adgenen cxrils an sqemas, sadac produqtebis CamonaTvals miuweren romelSi
aris an ar aris emulgatorebi. Semdgom waradgenen TavianTi kvlevis Sedegebs, ris safuZ-
velzec, ukve erTad gamoyofen da daadgenen maRali riskis Semcveli produqtebis sias. bunebrivi anTropogenuri
sasurvelia, es sia waradginon ufro did jgufTan skolaSi, samezobloSi an Tundac tye industriuli teritoria
gamgeobaSi.
mdelo agraruli teritoria

aqtivoba 6

moswavleebi maswavleblis daxmarebiT gegmaven aqcias, romlis mizani, Catarebis dro Semdeg sTxovs Seadaron: ra msgavseba da gansxvavebaa maT Soris (SesaZlebelia, gamovi-
da adgili sasurvelia SeTanxmebuli iyos adgilobriv xelisuflebasTn, raTa ar gamo- yenoT venis diagrama)? rogoria TanasazogadoebaTa mdgomareoba? sad gamoikveTa eko-
iwvios gaugebroba. aqcia SeiZleba Catardes skolaSi, ezoSi, quCaSi, parkSi, darbazSi an
logiuri problema?
nebismier xalxmraval adgilas. magaliTad, cnobierebis amaRlebis mizniT, moswavleebi
warmoadgenen kvlevis Sedegebs genmodificirebuli produqtebis Sesaxeb. wardgenis
aqtivoba 2
forma SeiZleba iyos mravalgvari: Teatralizebuli, anu roluri TamaSis gamoyeneba,
did furclebze TvalsaCinoebis ganTavseba, sainformacio baraTebis an naxatebis dari- maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs wyvilebad, urigebs saqarTvelos fizikur rukas, sTxovs,
geba, didi warwerebis „es saSiSia, Seicavs gmo-s“ ganTavseba da sxva. „imogzauron“ rukaze da daadginon anTropogenuri teritoriebisa Tu obieqtebis gavr-
celebis arealebi da sazRvrebi. moqmedebis dro 10-15 wuTi. amokiTxuli informacia
amoiweron da survilisamebr Seqmnan sqema an cxrili.
moswavlem icis da msjelobs adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad saxeSecvlil
Sedegi V I I
saqarTvelos bunebriv garemoze
aqtivoba 3
• CamoTvlis da adarebs anTropogenur da bunebriv landSaftebs
• iyenebs saqarTvelos rukas da xsnis bunebrivi da anTropogenuri maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs, moiZion informacia ama Tu im anTropogenuri land-
landSaftebis gavrcelebis kanonzomierebebs Saftis sameurneo saqmianobis Sesaxeb. kerZod, maTi dargobrivi struqturis Sesaxeb,
indikatorebi • icis da icnobs mxareebis bunebrivi garemos mdgomareobas aagon T-diagrama, sadac ganalageben mavne da uvnebel sawarmoebs.
• ikvlevs da amoicnobs mxareebis mTavar damabinZureblebs
• saqarTvelos mxareebis mixedviT adgens e.w. `cxel wertilebs~ mavne sawarmo
uvnebeli
sawarmo
• msjelobs problemis gadaWris gzebze
cementis mineraluri
1. wyvilebSi muSaoba qarxana wylis
Camomsxmeli
2. rukis kiTxva da analizi qarxana
3. mcire kvleva
aqtivobebi 4. SedarebiTi analizi
5. ierarqiuli sqemis Seqmna, jgufuri muSaoba _ `cxeli wertilebis~ aqtivoba 4
dadgena
6. diskusia maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, mxareebis mixedviT gaakeTon analizi dabinZurebis
xarisxze, SesaZloa SWOT analizis meTodis gamoyeneba.
resursebi: dafa, carci, saxelmZRvanelo, sxvadasxva sainformacio wyaro.

Zlieri mxareebi susti mxareebi

59 safrTxe SesaZleblobebi
i.maWaraSvili. 2007. biomravalferovnebis dacva da marTva, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris mid-
gomebi, „mwvane alternativa“, 52 gv. www. greenalt.org

74 75
aqtivoba 5
Sedegi V I I I moswavle msjelobs saqarTvelos hidrografiuli qselis mniSvnelobaze
maswavlebeli dafaze daxazavs ierarqiul kibes da sTxovs moswavleebs, daitanon mas-
ze garemos damabinZureblebi, siZlierisa da simZimis mixedviT. Semdeg maswavleblis dax-
• CamoTvlis saqarTvelos hidrografiuli qselis Semadgenel erTeulebs
marebiT gaarCeven, Tu ramdenad sworad aris „ierarqiuli kibe“ Sedgenili da rogoria • moiZiebs maT saqarTvelos rukaze da axdens sivrciT klasifikacias
masze warmodgenili damabinZureblebis regionuli zegavlena. • msjelobs hidrografiuli qselis mniSvnelobaze, rogorc zogadad saqa-
rTvelosaTvis, ise regionul WrilSi
radioaqtiuri • regionul doneze moiZiebs da adgens mdinareebis mTavari damabinZureb-
gamosxiveba lebis nusxas
indikatorebi • asaxelebs da ansxvavebs mdinareebiT gamowveul bunebriv katastroful
transportis movlenebs
gamonabolqvi • ikvlevs mdinariT gamowveuli katastrofuli movlenebis mizezebs da Se-
degebs
sawarmoTa • msjelobs mdinariT gamowveuli katastrofuli movlenebis Tavidan aci-
narCenebi lebis gzebze
• sakuTari kompetenciis farglebSi gegmavs da axorcielebs prevenciul
sayofacxovrebo RonisZiebebs (saganmanaTleblo-SemecnebiTi aqciebi axlo garemoSi).
narCenebi 1. asociaciuri rukis Sedgena
2. Sesabamisobis dadgena rukasa da konturul rukas Soris
moswavleebi iyofian jgufebad. urigdebaT konturuli rukebi, romlebzec daaqvT „cxeli aqtivobebi 3. teqstze da fotoebze muSaoba
wertilebi“, Zlieri dabinZurebis mqone teritoriebis aRsaniSnavad. SeiZleba „cxeli wer-
4. jgufebSi an wyvilebSi muSaoba, mogzauroba rukaze
tilebi“ wiTeli feriT aRniSnon. cxeli wertilebis dadgena SesaZlebelia Tematuri ru-
5. diskusia
kebis gamoyenebiT.
resursebi: carci, dafa, rveuli, ruka, konturuli ruka, fotoaparati, videokamera, interneti
aqtivoba 6

I varianti: maswavlebeli moswavleebs garemosdacviT sakiTxze warudgens sadiskusio Te- SeniSvna-rekomendacia: mocemuli savarjiSoebi anviTarebs dakvirvebisa da analitikur
mas: „garemosdacviTi RonisZiebebi, maTi roli da mniSvneloba“, daexmareba maT diskusiis unar-Cvevebs; mizezSedegobrivi kavSirebis dadgenisa da Tavisuflad azris gamoTqmis
swori mimarTulebiT warmarTvasa da drois limitis dacvaSi (20 wuTi). unars.

I I varianti: maswavlebeli avalebs moswavleebs Savi zRvis Sesaxeb informaciis moZiebas, aqtivoba 1
kerZod:
maswavlebeli moswavleebs dafaze adgeninebs asociaciur rukas, maTi survilis gaTva-
 Savi zRvis mniSvneloba saqarTvelosaTvis: liswinebiT (asociaciuri ruka SeiZleba iyos mravalgvari).
a) satransporto;
wyalsacavebi
b) klimaturi;
g) sarewao;
mTis myinvarebi Savi zRva
d) turistuli da sakurorto.

 Savi zRvis ekologiuri mdgomareoba:

a) dabinZurebis xarisxi; wyaroebi;
mineraluri, mdinareebi
b) resursebis Warbi mopoveba; Termuli
g) invaziuri saxeobebi.

wardgenisaTvis moswavleebma unda gaamdidron moZiebuli masala fotoebiT an videoma-

saliT. sasurvelia, imsjelon zRvis dacvisaTvis aucilebel RonisZiebebze. Tematikidan Waobebi tbebi
gamomdinare, moawyon fotoebisa da naxatebis gamofena.
76 77
aqtivoba 2 lis mizania vipovoT mdinariT gamowveuli katastrofebis Tavidan acilebis da sxva eko-
logiuri problemebis daZlevis gzebi.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs saqarTvelos fizikur da konturul rukebs da sTxovs,
asociaciur rukaze warmodgenili hidrografiuli erTeulebi jer rukaze moZebnon da
Tavidan acilebis
Semdeg konturul rukaze moniSnon, romlis moniSvnac SesaZlebelia. mizezebi Sedegebi
RonisZiebebi
tyis intensiuri Wris gamo wyaldidoba Tovlis uecari tyis aRdgena an Wrisgan dacva
aqtivoba 3
moSiSvlebuli damreci dnobis Sedegad damrec ferdobebze
ferdobebis didi masivi
maswavlebeli moswavleebs avalebs, moiZion informacia saswavlo saxelmZRvaneloebi-
dan da internetidan, hidrografiuli erTeulebis mniSvnelobaze:
sanapiro kedlis ararseboba wyaldidoba sanapiroebis gamagreba
a) rogorc bunebisTvis, aseve sazogadoebisTvis;
moswavleebi moismenen erTmaneTis azrs, gamokveTen efeqtur RonisZiebebs, bolos Se-
b) mdinareebze ganlagebuli dasaxlebuli punqtebis Sesaxeb;
adgenen Semajamebel cxrils. magaliTad, mizez-Sedegobrivi kavSirebi mdinareebTan mi-
g) dasaxlebuli punqtebis dargobrivi struqturis Sesaxeb; marTebiT.
d) mdinareebis ekologiuri mdgomareobis Sesaxeb.
Sedegi I X moswavle msjelobs saqarTvelos klimatsa da mis maxasiaTeblebze
amgvar asociaciur rukaze ganlagebiT.
• icis da CamoTvlis saqarTvelosaTvis klimatwarmomqmnel faqtorebs
moZiebul informacias sasurvelia, daurTon foto da videomasala. Seadginon sqemebi
• rukidan konturze gadaaqvs saqarTvelos ZiriTadi klimaturi maxa-
an cxrilebi, magaliTad, romelime mdinareze ganalagon mimdebare qalaqebi da sqemiT siaTeblebi
warmoadginon.
• CamoTvlis klimatis mniSvnelobas meurneobis rigiTi dargebis gan-
viTarebisaTvis
• asaxelebs haeris mTavar damabinZureblebs saqarTvelosa da calkeuli
rusTavi regionebisaTvis
Tbilisi indikatorebi
• ikvlevs bolo periodis cvlilebebis mizezebs
gori • asabuTebs adamianis saqmianobis gavlenas saqarTvelos klimatur mdgo-
mareobaze
• gaiazrebs atmosferos dabinZurebis negatiur Sedegebs
xaSuri • msjelobs problemis gadaWris gzebze da monawileobs garemosdacviT
RonisZiebebSi
borjomi
1. asociaciuri rukis Sedgena
2. roluri TamaSi, ierarqiuli kibis Seqmna
3. rukaze da konturze muSaoba
aqtivobebi 4. teqstze muSaoba
sTxovs imsjelon TiToeuli qalaqis damabinZureblebze ekonomikuri rukebis meSveo- 5. Sesabamisobis povna
biT, rac md. mtkvris mdgomareobaze aisaxeba. 6. fotokolaJi
7. diskusia
aqtivoba 4
resursebi: dafa, carci, rveuli, kalami, ruka, konturuli ruka, saxelmZRvanelo, fotoapa-
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad an wyvilebad, imis mixedviT, Tu ramdeni mos- rati, interneti, enciklopedia.
wavlea klasSi da ramdeni mdinaris ganxilvas apirebs igi. maswavlebeli TiToeul jgufs/
wyvils urigebs baraTs mdinaris saxelwodebiT. SesaZlebelia gamoiyenos SemTxveviTi SeniSvna-rekomendaciebi: xels uwyobs Teoriuli da praqtikuli codnis erTdroulad
SerCevis meTodi _ lototroni. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, imogzauron rukaze miRebas, mxedvelobiTi mexsierebis gaZlierebas, SedarebiTi analizis unaris gamomu-
winaswar SerCeuli mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT. maT unda amoikiTxon informacia Savebas, sakuTari azris gamoTqmisa da mosmenis kulturas.
da imsjelon, Tu rogoria dabinZurebis xarisxi da zrdis tendencia, ra faqtorebi
ganapirobebs mas. Semdeg moswavleebi klasis winaSe warmoadgenen sakuTar daskvnebs da aqtivoba 1
mosazrebebs. SesaZlebelia, gamosvlas mxatvruli eses saxec miscen. maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs dafaze Seadginon erTi saerTo asociaciuri ruka,
romelic asaxavs klimatis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebs. asociaciuri ruka SesaZlebelia
aqtivoba 5 iyos sxvadasxvanairi, rac damokidebulia maswavleblisa da moswavleebis gemovnebasa da
winaswar gansazRvruli TemiT, problemiT da droiT _ 20 wuTi, gaimarTeba diskusia, rom- fantaziaze.

78 79
 notio da zomierad vazi, atami, vaSli, xorbali
mzis radiacia subtropikuli hava

mTis myinvarebi zomierad notio da

tbebi wyalsacavebi reliefi kartofili
zomierad mSrali hava

Cai, citrusi, gerani, Sqeri, wyavi,

zomierad notio hava simindi, bostneuli

radiaqtiuri
nivTierebebi qarebi aqtivoba 6

moswavleebma unda warmoadginon fotomasala haeris damabinZureblebis Sesaxeb da mo-

awyon gamofena.

sawarmoebi mwvane safari
transporti Savi zRva
aqtivoba 2
maswavleblis iniciativiT an sakuTari surviliT, moswavleebi irgeben rolebs: trans-
porti, qari, mze da a.S. da iwyeben TamaSs, kerZod, isini moqmedeben ise, rogorc rea-
lobaSi TiToeuli elementi da sakuTar Tavze cdian am moqmedebis Sedegebs. qari, mze,
zRva, reliefi, tye da sxva moqmedebiT da msjelobiT gamoxataven, Tu rogor cvlian
klimats. savarjiSos bolos moswavleebi gaaanalizeben TamaSs da Sejamebis mizniT aage-
ben ierarqiuli kibes, sadac monawileobis xarisxis matebis mixedviT ganalageben kli-
matwarmomqmnel faqtorebs.
aqtivoba 7
maswavlebeli sTavazobs Temas msjelobisTvis: „saqarTvelos klimaturi cvlilebebis
mizezebi da uaryofiTi Sedegebis Tavidan asacileblad RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba.“ mos-
wavleebi uziareben erTmaneTs mosazrebebs da maTTvis nacnob magaliTebs. Camoweren
dafaze klimatis cvlilebis gamomwvev mTavar mizezebs, msjeloben klimatis cvlilebis
zegavlenis Serbilebis gzebze da saSualebebze (tyeebis dacva da mdgradi marTva, da-
culi teritoriebis daarseba, energoefeqturoba, energodamzogavi teqnologiebi, al-
ternatiuli energetika da sxv.).
maswavlebelma diskusia ise unda warmarTos, rom moswavleebma gaiazron maTi roli da
aZalisxmevis aucilebloba klimatis cvlilebis Sedegebis Serbilebis saqmeSi. maT unda
gauCndeT klasisa da skolis garemos gaumjobesebis survili, rac ubiZgebs axlomdebare
garemos gamwvanebis da movlisaken.
moswavles SeuZlia gaaanalizos tyisa da niadagis resursis gansakuTre-
Sedegi X
buli mniSvneloba saqarTvelosTvis

• saqarTvelos rukaze moiZiebs da afiqsirebs tyis masivebis da niadage-

aqtivoba 3 bis arealebs
• moiZiebs informacias da saqarTveloSi regionebis mixedviT adgens
maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, saqarTvelos klimatur rukaze moZebnon da kontu- gavrcelebuli mcenareebis nusxas da ukavSirebs maT tipur niadagebs
rul rukaze moniSnon saqarTvelos havis maxasiaTeblebi, magaliTad, cxeli da civi, • agrovebs informacias calkeuli saxeobebis lokaluri da globaluri
mSrali da teniani polusebi. aseve, gaaanalizon klimatwarmomqmnel faqtorebsa da spe- mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
cifikur arealebs Soris mizezSedegobrivi kavSiri.
indikatorebi • icis tyis mniSvneloba da aucilebloba. ganasxvavebs tyis mraval-
mxrivi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebs (turistuli, gamajansaRe-
beli, esTetikuri, sameurneo, sasicocxlod aucilebeli, ekolo-
aqtivoba 4 giuri wonasworobis, biomravalferovnebis da bunebrivi garemos
dabalansebuli ganviTarebisTvis)
maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs teqsts saqarTvelos soflis meurneobaze da sTxovs • moipovebs informacias tyeze adamianis zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb
amoicnon da amoikiTxon informacia klimatis uSualo kavSirze soflis meurneobasTan. • msjelobs problemis gadaWris gzebze
moswavleebma klimatsa da mcenareul safars Soris unda daadginon mizezSedegobrivi 1. jgufebSi muSaoba da asociaciuri mogzauroba rukaze
kavSiri da waradginon imave dRes an saSinao davalebis saxiT meore dRes; sasurvelia 2. Sesabamisobis cxrilis Sevseba
daurTon moZiebuli foto, video da audiomasala. 3. roluri TamaSi
aqtivobebi
4. situaciuri analizi
5. mini-leqcia
aqtivoba 5
6. diskusia
asociaciur rukaze moswavleebma unda ganalagon mcenareTa tipebi, klimatur pirobeb-
resursebi: dafa, carci, ruka, rveuli, kalami, fanqari, interneti, beWdviTi media
Tan mimarTebaSi.
80 81
SeniSvna-rekomendaciebi: ganaviTarebs TanamSromlobisa da sakuTari azris interpreta- sikeTesa da daniSnulebas. bolos ganixilaven funqciebs. msjelobis mTavari Temaa: „ro-
ciis unars; iZleva Teoriulad miRebuli codnis praqtikulad gaazrebis saSualebas; gor eqceva adamiani bunebas“.
xels uwyobs aRmoCenisa da kvleviTi unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebas.
aqtivoba 4
aqtivoba 1
maswavlebeli awyobs laSqrobas tyeSi im mizniT, rom moswavleebma gamoikvlion gark-
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs jgufebad, urigebs teqstebs da rukas; sTxovs, teqsti- veuli teritoria, romelsac SearCeven, gadazomon da moniSnon. Semdeg aRweren xe-mce-
dan miRebuli informaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, simaRlis mixedviT, rukaze moniSnon tyeTa nareTa saxeobebs da raodenobas. sakvlev teritorias garkveuli sixSiriT Seamowmeben,
arealebi _ vertikalur da horizontalur WrilSi, dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken, sa-
imis dasadgenad, Tu:
qarTvelos mxareebis mixedviT. Semdeg warmoadginon klasis winaSe.
 ramdeni xe moaklda
aqtivoba 2
 romeli saxeobis
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Seavson dafaze winaswar warmodgenili Sesabamisobis
 rogori intesivobiT da a.S.
cxrili. Semdeg maswavleblis daxmarebiT gadaamowmon misi siswore.
kvlevis Sedegebs warmoadgenen grafikze:
tyis tipebi niadagebi

Walis tye aluviuri niadagi xeebis raodenoba

ariduli meCxeri tye moyavisfro, humusiT mdidari niadagi

muxnari, muxnar-jagrcxiliani tye yavisferi niadagi 200 –

wiTelmiwebi, SedarebiT gril adgilebSi _

kolxuri polidominanturi tye
yviTelmiwebi da sxva
150 –

aqtivoba 3 100 –

maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTavazobs rolur TamaSs imisaTvis, rom maT ukeT gaiazron 50 –
da gaiTavison tyis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba garemosa da adamianisaTvis. SesaZloa
maswavlebelma gaanawilos (niadagis, wyaros, qaris, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulis, ko-
Tveebi
conis, zvavis, mewyeris da sxva) rolebi an moswavleebma Tavad airCion isini. erTi jgufi an
moswavle SesaZlebelia ganasaxierebdes tyes. seqtemberi oqtomberi noemberi
TamaSi

kiTxva-pasuxis reJimSi xmamaRla, yvelas gasagonad ganixilaven sakuTar saWiroebebs da aqtivoba 5

erTmaneTSi adgenen mizez-Sedegobriv kavSirs. kiTxvebs winaswar amzadebs maswavlebeli
da urigebs moTamaSeebs an Tavad moTamaSeebi TamaSis dros axdenen interpretacias, ma-
galiTad: tye _ qari, tye _ wyaro da a.S.
TamaSi
,,tyis Civili“ _ sadac tye TiToeuls mimarTavs da Seaxsenebs, ra mouvaT maT, Tu tye ga-
nadgurdeba. tyes yvelaze meti saTqmeli aqvs adamianTan, magaliTad:
Tqvens sasikeTod vcocxlobT, virjebiT da angarebac ar gvifiqria, planetis didi fil-
tvebi varT, maS, arsebobas ratom gviSlian?
roluri TamaSis procesSi erT-erTi moswavle dafaze an did furcelze wers tyis yvela
82
maswavlebelma unda moiwvios satyeo dargis specialisti, romelic Caatarebs saubrebs
tyis sameurneo daniSnulebis, mdgradi marTvis, sanitaruli Wris, sxva dacviTi Ronis-
Ziebebis Sesaxeb.
aqtivoba 6
maswavlebeli moswavleebs SeuTanxmdeba sadiskusio Temaze da droze (daaxloebiT 30
wuTi). igi warmarTavs msjelobas tyesTan dakavSirebul problemebze. msjelobis miza-
nia, moswavleebma SeZlon problemebisa da gadaWris gzebis swori formulireba, maga-
liTad, „ra mdgomareobaa tyis ekosistemebTan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSi“ an „aris Tu
ara tyis dacva globaluri problema“, „ra mniSvneloba aqvs tyes“ da sxva.
83

Sedegi X I moswavle msjelobs daculi teritoriebis arsebobis aucileblobaze
• moipovebs informacias daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb
• CamoTvlis da ganmartavs daculi teritoriebis kategoriebs
• rukidan konturze gadaaqvs daculi teritoriebi
• gaazrebuli aqvs daculi teritoriebis Seqmnis miznebi da mniSvneloba
indikatorebi
• gansazRvravs da asabuTebs daculi teritoriebis mniSvnelobas ama Tu im
regionisaTvis
• msjelobs da asabuTebs zogadad daculi teritoriebis pozitiur rolze
saqarTvelos bunebrivi garemos SenarCunebis saqmeSi
• icis da icavs dacul teritoriebze qcevis elementarul wesebs
1. mini-leqcia
2. rukaze da konturze muSaoba, urTierTmimarTebis dadgena
aqtivobebi
3. teqstze muSaoba da analizi
4. laSqroba dacul teritoriebze
resursebi: dafa, carci, ruka, rveulebi CanawerebisaTvis, fotoebi, audiomasala, interneti
SeniSvna-rekomendacia: rukasa da teqstze muSaoba anviTarebs dakvirvebisa da analizis
unars. davaleba, romelic eZleva jgufs, SeiZleba danawildes jgufis wevrebze, rom-
lebic damoukideblad moiZieben informacias, Semdeg ki masalebs Seajereben jgufSi.
aqtivoba 1
maswavlebeli mokled saubrobs daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb. ganmartavs, ra aris daculi
teritoria da asaxelebs kategoriebs; gansazRvravs ToToeuli kategoriis gamoyofis
mizans, safuZvels da funqcias; aRniSnavs saqarTvelos „wiTeli nusxis“ mniSvnelobas,
gadaSenebis gzaze myofi, reliqturi da endemuri saxeobebis konservaciis aucileblobas,
rogorc lokalur, ise globalur WrilSi.
aqtivoba 2
maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs 10 wuTs da sTxovs, daasaxelon saqarTvelos daculi
teritoriebi, romelTac Camowers dafaze. Semdeg sTxovs, 15 wuTSi moZebnon rukaze
es teritoriebi da gadaitanon konturul rukaze. davalebis dasrulebis Semdeg, mos-
wavleebi pasuxoben dafaze winaswar Camoweril kiTxvebs da pasuxebs iniSnaven furcelze.
magaliTad:
 saqarTvelos romeli mxarea daculi teritoriebiT mdidari (gamorCeuli)?
 saqarTveloSi romeli kategoriis daculi teritoriebi arsebobs?
 ra kategoriis daculi teritoriebi Warbobs saqarTveloSi?
 romeli daculi teritoria daarsda pirvelad saqarTveloSi?
 romelia yvelaze uxvnaleqiani daculi teritoria?
 romel dacul teritoriazea Semonaxuli dinozavris nakvalevi?
84
aqtivoba 3
maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs 6 jgufad, da SemTxveviTi SerCevis principiT gadascems
baraTebs, romelzec warmodgenilia daculi teritoriis erTi kate goria. samuSaos
Sesasruleblad jgufs eZleva erTi dRe. maT unda daadginon am daculi teritoriis
mdebareoba, farTobi, daarsebis TariRi, mizani, kategoria, unikaluroba, iq gavrcelebuli
biomravalferovneba, RirSesaniSnaobebi, eko-turistuli aqtivobebi, momsaxurebis forme-
bi (Tu arsebobs), daSvebuli da akrZaluli saqmianobebi, a. S. meore dRes Sedegebi cxrilis
saxiT warmoadginon klasis winaSe.
aqtivoba 4
maswavlebelma periodulad unda moawyos eqskursiebi saqarTvelos sxvadasxva dacul
teritoriaze, winaswar gansazRvros eqskursiis mizani. moiwvios eqskursiaze specia-
listi/mecnier muSaki, romelic miawodebs moswavleebs saWiro informacias, daexmareba
eqskursiis sworad dagegmvaSi da gauwevs megzurobas. aseTi eqskursia daexmareba
moswavles daakvirdes garemos, SeiZinos axali codna da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebi.
moswavlem dakvirvebis Sedegebi dRiurSi unda CainiSnos, gadaiRos fotoebi, videomasala
an gaakeTos Canaxatebi. sasurvelia, eqskursiis Semdeg erTnmaneTs gauziaron STabeWdi-
lebebi da gamoaqveynon fotokolaJis saxiT an moawyon videomasalis Cveneba. moswavle-
ebis mier gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da survilebi maswavlebelma SeZlebisdagvarad unda
gaiTvaliswinos Semdegi eqskursiisTvis.
moswavle msjelobs saqarTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi katas-
Sedegi X I I
trofebis Sesaxeb regionebis mixedviT
• CamoTvlis saqarTvelosaTvis damaxasiaTebel bunebriv katastrofebs
• ganasxvavebs da ganmartavs bunebriv katastrofebs
indikatorebi • adgens da asabuTebs bunebrivi katastrofebis gavrcelebis regionul
kanonzomierebas
• msjelobs adamianis/sazogadoebis rolze bunebrivi katastrofebis Ta-
vidan acilebis saqmeSi
1. gonebrivi ieriSi, asociaciuri rukis Seqmna
2. jgufebSi muSaoba, leqsikonis gakeTeba
3. informaciis moZieba da analizi, diskusia
aqtivobebi
4. rukaze muSaoba
5. mcire kvleva
6. diskusia
resursebi: dafa, carci, ruka, rveuli, kalami, fanqari, ruka, interneti.
SeniSvna-rekomendaciebi: warmodgenili aqtivobebi xels uwyobs mizez-Sedegobrivi kav-
Sirebis dadgenas da Sesabamisad, kvlevis unarebis gamomuSavebas. SesaZlebelia, moswav-
leebma Tavad Seqmnan kvlevisTvis saWiro anketa-cxrili. kvlevis sworad warmarTvisTvis
sasurvelia maswavleblis mxridan gadamowmeba
85
aqtivoba 1 saqarTvelos bunebrivi katastrofebi:

maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, 5 wuTis ganmavlobaSi daasaxelon bunebrivi katas- katastofaTa gavrcelebis aqtiuri
trofebi. paralelurad erT-erTi moswavle akeTebs Canawers dafaze, Semdeg am siis sa- gamomwvevi mizezebi
saxeebi raionebi periodebi
fuZvelze erToblivad avseben asociaciur rukas, romelzec daaqvT saqarTvelosTvis
• tyis gaCexva, Tovlis uecari kolxeTis dablobi, aprili,
damaxasiaTebeli bunebrivi katastrofebi. dnoba mesxeTi, Sida qarTli, maisi
wyaldidoba kaxeTi
• uxvi naleqi

kldezvavi wyaldidoba • ferdobis mkveTri daxriloba, kavkasionis maRali da ianvari,

tyis gaCexva, uecari daTboba, saSualo mTebi, mTiani marti
zvavi didTovloba aWara

bunebrivi
Rvarcofi mewyeri cxrilis wardgenis Semdeg sasurvelia gakeTdes asociaciuri ruka, sadac TvalsaCino
katastrofebi
gaxdeba anTropogenuri saqmianobiT gamowveuli katastrofebi.

zvavi miwisZvra a da
d a m i a n i s s a qm
q m i a n o ba
ba

gvalva

aqtivoba 2 grigali

maswavlebeli moswavleebs yofs imden jgufad, ramdeni stiqiuri movlenac unda gani- zvavi
xilon; TiToeuli jgufi warmoadgens erT stiqiur movlenas. maswavlebeli sTxovs jgu- tyis gaCexva mewyeri
febs, 10 wuTSi werilobiT warmoadginon TavianTi ganmartebebi am movlenis Sesaxeb,
romlebsac sajarod ganixilaven; maswavlebeli amowmebs da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi azus- wyaldidoba
tebs ganmartebebs. moswavleebs erT did furcelze gadaaqvT Sesrulebuli samuSao, Rvarcofi
romelsac gamoakraven klasSi, gamosaCen adgilas.
navTobis, qvanaxSiris
miwisZvra
gazis mopoveba
aqtivoba 3

maswavlebeli TiToeul moswavles saSinao davalebas aZlevs: moiZios informacia saq-

arTvelosTvis damaxasiaTebeli stiqiuri movlenebis Sesaxeb. momdevno Sexvedraze am mdinaris sanapiroebis mewyeri
Temaze gaimarTeba msjeloba. moswavleebi aageben ierarqiul kibes, romelzec daitanen SezRudva
stiqiur movlenebs sixSiris mixedviT.
mdinaris kalapotis wyaldidoba
narCenebiT avseba
aqtivoba 4

maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs saqarTvelos fizikur rukas da konturs, sTxovs da- wylis cocxali organizmebis
moukideblad amoikiTxon informacia stiqiuri movlenebis Sesaxeb da konturul rukaze ganadgureba
moniSnon maTi gavrcelebis adgilebi; Semdeg esaubreba da uxsnis maT stiqiuri movlenebis
gavrcelebis regionul kanonzomierebas; moswavleebi Caasworeben sakuTar namuSevars,
erTad adgenen ierarqiul kibes, romelzec daaqvT saqarTvelos regionebi, stiqiuri aqtivoba 6
movlenebis mravalgvarobisa da siZlieris mixedviT. moswavleebi winaswar dagegmil Temaze „bunebrivi katastrofis movlenebis prevenciu-
aqtivoba 5 li RonisZiebebis dagegmva“ dro 20–25 wuTi; gamoavlenen riskebs da Seusabameben Tavi-
dan acilebis RonisZiebas, romelic riskis gaCenamde unda ganxorcieldes; cdiloben
maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs winaswar SemuSavebul anketa-cxrils da sTxovs, Seavson. moifiqron rac SeiZleba efeqturi RonisZiebebi riskis Sesamcireblad; Semdeg cxrilSi
informaciis moZiebis, sistematizaciisa da analizisTvis aZlevs garkveul dros. moaTavseben SemuSavebul koncefcias.
86 87
 riskebi aRmkveTi RonisZiebebi danarTbi
sanapiro kedlis gamagreba, kalapotis gawmenda, winaswar tyis
wyaldidoba
SenarCuneba; 1. geografiuli obieqtebi da RirSesaniSnaobebi regionebis
zvavsawinaaRmdego nagebobebis mowyoba, winaswar ferdobebis
da raionebis mixedviT
zvavi
ganaSenianeba.
imereTi
 promeTes mRvime (q. wyaltubosTan);
 cucxvaTis mRvime (tyibulis raioni);
 jruWulis mRvime, saCxeris raioni;
 saTafliis mRvime, q. quTaisTan;
 navenaxevis mRvime, Terjolis raioni;
 TeTra mRvime, wyaltubos raioni;
 kacxis sveti, WiaTuris raioni;
 sairmis eroziuli mowme, baRdaTis raioni;
 okaces kanioni, xonis raioni;
 dinozavris nakvalevi, saTaflia, quTaisis midamoebi;
 devisxvrelis mRvime, xaragaulis r-ni;
 borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki.

kaxeTi
 lagodexis nakrZali (lagodexis raioni);
 mariamjvris nakrZali (q. sagarejosTan);
 bawaras nakrZali (axmetis r-ni);
 babaneulis nakrZali (sof. alvanTan axlos);
 vaSlovnis erovnuli parki (dedofliswyarodan 50 km);
 arwivis xeoba (q. dedofliswyarosTan);
 taxtiferdas talaxiani vulkanebi (dedofliswyarodan 30 km);
 axtalas talaxiani vulkani (q. gurjaanSi);
 winandlis dendrologiuri parki (Telavis raioni);
 gomboris uReltexili (Telavis raioni);

Sida qarTli
 atenis xeoba (goris r-ni);
 bateTis tba da Zamas xeoba (xaSuris r-ni);

88 89
 nadarbazevis tba da kvernaqebi (goris r-ni); zemo svaneTi
svaneTi
 TeZamis xeoba (kaspis r-ni);
 jvris (enguris) wyalsacavi, WalaaTis myinvari, Sxaras myinvari, uSgulis Temi, daba
 md. WeraTxevis xeoba (xaSuris r-ni); mestia.
 ufliscixe;
 mcxeTa-mTianeTi leCxumi
 saguramos nakrZali da zedazeni (q. mcxeTasTan);  md. lajanuras xeoba da wyalsacavi, mdinare jinulas xeoba, xvamlis masivi
 boWormis sveti (duSeTis r-ni); (laSqrobisaTvis), mdinare rionis xeoba.
 bazaleTis tba, daba fasanauri, gudauri, jvris uReltexili, jvris uReltexilis
travertini (yazbegis r-ni); qvemo svaneTi
 snoswylis xeoba da sof. juTa (yazbegis r-ni);  md. laskadulas, md. cxeniswylis, md. xeledulas xeoba;

 Trusos xeoba (yazbegis r-ni),;

 gergeTis myinvari (yazbegis r-ni);
 devdorakis myinvari da darialis xeoba (yazbegis r-ni),;
 gudamayris xeoba (duSeTis r-ni);
 fSavis xeoba (duSeTis r-ni);
 Satili, muco (piriqiTa xevsureTi- duSeTis r-ni);
 md. ioris xeoba (TianeTis r-ni);
 armazis xeoba, SiomRvime, sxaltbis qedi (mcxeTis r-ni);
 qvemo qarTli
 wiTeli xidi da xunanis lavuri nakadi (marneulis r-ni);
 weraqvis xeoba (marneulis r-ni);
 tanZia (md. qcias xeoba bolnisi r-ni);
 wuRruRaSeni da foladauris xeoba (bolnisis r-ni);
 finezaurisa da maSaveras xeoba (dmanisis r-ni);
 daSbaSis kanioni, jandaras tba (gardabnis r-ni);
 algeTis nakrZali (TeTriwyaros r-ni);
 birTvisis kanioni, samSvilde (TeTriwyaros r-ni);
raWa
 Sovi, uwera, md. rionis xeoba, md. Sareulas xeoba, nikorwmindas mRvime-sayinule, md.
xeoris xeoba, qvagaxeTqila (sof. SqmerTan), md. sakauras xeoba. sof. Rebi.
samcxe-javaxeTi
 faravnis, saRamos, karwaxis, madas, tabawyuris, xanCalis, wundis tbebi, borjom-
xaragaulis erovnuli parki, kurorti abasTumani, md. gujarulas xeoba (borjomis
r-ni);
 md. qvablianis xeoba (adigenis r-ni);
 goderZis ganamarxebuli tye (adigenis r-ni);
 mtkvris xeoba varZiasTan.
aWara
 goderZis uReltexili, md. sxalTis xeoba (xulos r-ni);
 daba xulo (sahaero gza xulo-sof. Tago);
 maxunceTis CanCqeri md. aWariswylis xeoba, mtiralas erovnuli parki, kintriSis
nakrZali (qobuleTis r-ni);
 qobuleTis nakrZali, mwvane koncxis botanikuri baRi.

samegrelo guria

 abaSiswylis kanioni (martvilis r-ni);  paliastomis tba, kolxeTis erovnuli parki, md. sufsas xeoba, gomis mTa (ozurgeTis
r-ni);
 palistomis tba da kolxeTis erovnuli parki, md. texuras xeoba da lebarde
(martvilis r-ni);  kurorti baxmaro (Coxatauris r-ni).

 md. inwras xeoba (walenjixis r-ni);

 anaklia (md. texuras xeoba da noqalaqevi);

90 91
2. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis kategoriebi, farTobebi  TuSeTis erovnuli parki - 69 515 ha
 mtiralas erovnuli parki - 15 806 ha
(informaciis wyaro: garemos dacvis saministro, daculi teritoriebis saagento, 2013)
 vaSlovanis erovnuli parki - 24 610 ha
saqarTvelios daculi daculi teritoriebis saerTo farTobia 520 273 ha60, rac saqar-
Tvelos teritoriis 7,46%-ia. saqarTveloSi IUCN-is kriteriumebis mixedviT 68 sxva-  javaxeTis erovnuli parki - 14 206,83 ha
dasxva kategoriis daculi teritoriaa, maT Sorisaa:  maWaxelas erovnuli parki - 8733 ha

 14 saxelmwifo nakrZali
bunebis Zeglebi :
 10 erovnuli parki,
1. saxiznaris kldis bunebis Zegli - 335,7 ha
 18 aRkveTili,
2. abanos mineraluri tbis bunebis Zegli - 0,04 ha
 24 bunebis Zegli,
3. Trusos travertinebis bunebis Zegli - 4,2 ha
 2 daculi landSafti
4. promeTes mRvimis bunebis Zegli - 46,6 ha
5. TeTra mRvimis bunebis Zegli – 1,8 ha
saxelmwifo nakrZalebi:
6. xomulis mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 borjomis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 14 820 ha 7. cucxvaTis mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 qobuleTis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 331 ha 8. navenaxevis mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 TuSeTis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 12 627,2 ha 9. nagarevis mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 lagodexis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 22 295 ha 10. iazonis mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 bawaras saxelmwifo nakrZali - 2 986 ha 11. sakaJias mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 babaneuris saxelmwifo nakrZali - 862,1 ha 12. wyalwiTelas xeobis bunebis Zegli
 kintriSis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 10 703 ha 13. okaces kanionis bunebis Zegli
 mariamjvris saxelmwifo nakrZali - 1 040 ha 14. okaces CanCqeris bunebis Zegli
 saTafliis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 330 ha 15. napralis tbis bunebis Zegli
 vaSlovanis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 10 143 ha 16. sawurblias mRvimis bunebis Zegli
 liaxvis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 6388 ha 17. solkotas mRvimis bunebis Zegli

 biWvinTa-miuseris saxelmwifo nakrZali - 3645 ha 18. didRelis mRvimis bunebis Zegli

 riwis saxelmwifo nakZali - 16229 ha 19. melouris mRvimis bunebis Zegli

 pfxu-humisTis saxelmwifo nakrZali - 40819 ha 20. bReris mRvimis bunebis Zegli

 erovnuli parkebi: 21. Rlianas mRvimis bunebis Zegli

 Tbilisis erovnuli parki - 23 218,28 ha 22. alaznis Walis bunebis Zegli

 algeTis erovnuli parki - 6 822 ha 23. taxti-tefas bunebis Zegli

 yazbegis erovnuli parki - 8 686,6 ha 24. arwivis xeoba

 kolxeTis erovnuli parki - 44 599,8 ha

aRkveTilebi:
 borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki - 61 235 ha
1. lagodexis aRkveTili - 2 156 ha
60
2013 wlis 1 agvistos mdgomareobiT 2. iltos aRkveTili - 6 971 ha
92 93
3. yoruRis aRkveTili - 2 068 ha 3. resursebi
4. gardabnis aRkveTili - 3 484 ha
sademonstracio (kedlis) rukebi
5. ioris aRkveTili - 1 336 ha
6. WaWunas aRkveTili - 5 200 ha 1. saqarTvelos fizikuri ruka

7. kacoburis aRkveTili - 295 ha 2. saqarTvelos samxareo ruka

3. saqarTvelos administraciul-politikuri dayofis ruka
8. qobuleTis aRkveTili - 439 ha
9. neZvis aRkveTili - 8 992 ha
10. qcia-tabawyuris aRkveTili - 22000 ha atlasebi da konturuli rukebi

11. TeTrobis aRkveTili - 3100 ha 1. saqarTvelos sabavSvo atlasi-2006w.

12. ajameTis aRkveTili - 5 117 ha 2. saqarTvelos atlasi mozardTaTvis-2007w.

13. karwaxis aRkveTili - 158 ha 3. saqarTvelos erovnuli atlasi-2012w.

14. suldis aRkveTili - 320 ha

eleqtronuli resursebi
15. xanCalis aRkveTili - 839 ha
 www.mes.gov.ge (mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministro)
16. buRdaSenis aRkveTili - 126 ha
 www.tpdc.ge (maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri)
17. madatafas aRkveTili - 1 484 ha
 www.moe.gov.ge (garemosa da bunebrivi resursebis dacvis saministro)
18. saTaflias aRkveTili – 34 ha
 www.chm.moe.gov.ge saqarTvelos biomravalferovnebis resurs centri
 www.biomonitoring.moe.gov.ge biomravalferovnebis monitoringi saqarTveloSi
daculi landSaftebi:
 www.apa.gov.ge (daculi teritoriebis saagento)
 TuSeTis daculi landSafti - 31518 ha
 www.nplg.gov.ge (erovnuli biblioTeka-sajaro)
 kintriSis daculi landSafti - 3190 ha
 www.greens.ge (saqarTvelos mwvaneTa moZraoba / dedamiwis megobrebi - saqarTvelo
 www.greenalt.org mwvane alternativas veb-gverdi. (publikaciebi - hƩp://greenalt.org/ka/
publicaƟons/; saqarTvelos ekologiuri cxeli wertilebi - hƩp://greenalt.org/
informacia srulad saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis Sesaxeb ixileT ssip daculi
teritoriebis saagentos veb-gverdze http://www.apa.gov.ge/

94 95
4. sakiTxavi literatura 6. leqsikoni
1. iakob gogebaSvili - saganZuri, 1982 w. aRkveTili _ daculi teritoria, habitatebis /saxeobebis marTvis teritoria (Habitat /
Species Managment Area), Seesatyviseba bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSoris (IUCN) da-
2. garemosdacviTi ganaTlebidan ganaTlebisaken mdgradi ganviTarebis _ qen vebsteri
culi teritoriebis IV kategorias. aRkveTili SeiZleba daarsdes, rodesac veluri sa-
2007w.
xeobebis, biocenozebis da araorganuli bunebis warmonaqmnebis SenarCuneba moiTxovs
3. nana xoWolava _ qarTuli sabavSvo TamaSobani (meToduri rekomendaciebi) specialur aRdgeniT da movliT RonisZiebebs. aRkveTilSi mkacri kontrolis pirobebSi
4. saqarTvelos geografia _ saqarTvelos geografiis kaTedra 2000w. daSvebulia calkeuli ganaxlebadi resursis moxmareba.

5. saqarTvelos geografia _ socialur-ekonomikuri geografia I nawili 2003w. biologiuri mravalferovneba (biomravalferovneba) _ dedamiwaze arsebuli sicocxlis
formebis mravalferovneba ekosistemebis, saxeobebisa da genebis doneze.
6. saqarTvelos fizikur-geografiuli obieqtebis axsna-ganmartebani _ d. niko-
laiSvili; m. axalaia; 2000w. biomravalferovnebis cxeli wertilebi _ biologiurad umdidresi da, amavdroulad,
7. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTaTvis yvelaze metad safrTxis winaSe myofi xmeleTis ekoregionebi.
_ `Cveni saqarTvelo~ _ 2011w. bunebaTsargebloba _ adamianis mier bunebis (bunebrivi resursebis) gamoyeneba sakuTari
8. erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centri, gzamkvlevi maswavlebelTaTvis- moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis mizniT.
„bunebismetyveleba“ _ 2011w.
bunebriv-anTropogenuri teritoria _ adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad gardaqmnili bu-
9. saqarTvelos daculi teritoriebis saagento-angariSi _ 2012-2013 w. nebriv-teritoriuli kompleqsi. arsebobs Semdegi kategoriebi: seliteburi (sasoflo
10. SPARE _ „Cven da energia“-2012w. dasaxlebebi), bunebriv-agraruli (sasoflo-sameurneo), urbanizebuli (saqalaqo da-
saxlebebi) da sxva.
11. SPARE _ „energodazogva“- 2012w.
bunebis Zegli (Natural Monument) _ daculi teritoria, Seesatyviseba bunebis dacvis saer-
12. Jurnali _ „popcorn“
TaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) daculi teritoriebis I I I kategorias. bunebis Zegli SeiZleba
13. bunebrivi katastrofebis riskis Semcirebis swavleba interaqtiuli meTodebiT _ daarsdes erovnuli mniSvnelobis, SedarebiT mcire unikaluri bunebrivi teritoriebisa
damrigeblis wigni V-IX klasebi 2012w., erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis da iSviaTi bunebrivi da bunebriv-kulturuli warmonaqmnebis dasacavad. bunebis Zegli
centri 2011-2012 w. SeiZleba Sediodes nebismieri daculi teritoriis SemadgenlobaSi.

globaluri daTboba _ dedamiwis zedapiris, misi mimdebare haeris fenis da okeaneebis

5. gamoyenebuli literatura temperaturis TandaTanobiT zrdis procesi.

 erovnuli saswavlo gegma 2011-2016 w. globaluri problema _ saerTo, sayovelTao, msoflio mniSvnelobis problema, rome-
lic yvelas exeba; SeiZleba sxvadasxva xasiaTis iyos, ase magaliTad ekologiuri, eko-
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebi centri, sasargeblo resurebi maswavleb-
nomikuri, socialuri da sxva.
lebisTvis, naw. 2, Tb., 2008
daculi landSafti _ daculi teritoria (Protected Landscape), Seesatyviseba bunebis
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebi centri, sasargeblo resurebi maswavleb-
dacvis saerTaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) daculi teritoriebis V kategorias. daculi
lebisTvis, naw. 1, Tb., 2007
landSafti SeiZleba daarsdes erovnuli mniSvnelobis mqone, maRali esTetikuri Rire-
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebi centri, rogor vaswavloT moswavleebs bulebiT gamorCeuli, rogorc bunebrivi, aseve adamianisa da bunebrivi garemos har-
azrovneba, naw. 1, Tb., 2007 moniuli urTierTqmedebis Sedegad Camoyalibebuli bunebriv-kulturuli garemos
 erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebi centri, problemaze dafuZnebuli swavla, dasacavad, sadac daSvebulia rekraciul-turistuli da tradiciuli sameurneo saqmi-
Tb., 2008 anoba.

 geografia meToduri masalebi maswavlebelTaTvis-j.f.silveri ekologia - (berZ. „oikos“_ sacxovrebeli, „logos“ _ moZRvreba)

 Personal Social and Humanities Education Key Learning Area-Geography Curriculum and Assesment 1. biologiis nawili, romelic swavlobs organizmebs da garemosTan maT mizez-Sede-
Guide- Secondary 4-6 gobriv kavSirs.
 Coordinating geography across the primery school – John Halocha-2005 2. mecniereba ekologiuri sistemebis (ekosistemebis) Sesaxeb, romelic Seiswavlis maT
 Learning to Teach Geography in the Secondary School-D. Lambert; D. Balderstone funqcionirebas da organizacias.

3. codnis sistema, romelic dakavSirebulia bunebriv garemosTan, mis racionalur

gamoyenebasa da dacvasTan.

96 97
ekosistema _ cocxali organizmebiT da maTi sabinadro garemoTi warmoqmnili bunebrivi
kompleqsi.
ekosistemuri servisebi _ pirdapiri da arapirdapiri sargebeli, romelsac adamiani
ekosistemisgan iRebs. arsebobs ekosistemuri servisebis oTxi kategoria:
1. uzrunvelmyofi servisebi moicavs im produqtebs, romlebsac uSualod ekosistema
gvTavazobs. konkretulad, esaa iseTi bunebrivi produqtebi, rogorebicaa veluri
xili, Txili, kenkra, soko, sakvebi balaxeuli, da sxva mcenareuli produqti, romelic
soflis mosaxleobis arsebobisa da keTildReobis mniSvnelovani wyaroa. uzrunvelmyof
servisebs ganekuTvneba saSeSe da samasale merqani, sakvebad gamoyenebuli faunis
saxeobebi, Tevzis CaTvliT, wyali, rogorc energoresursi, sasmeli da sarwyavi wyali
da a.S.
2. maregulirebeli servisebi gulisxmobs sargebls, romelic miiReba organizmsa da
garemos Soris mimdinare fizikuri, qimiuri da biologiuri procesebis regulirebis
Sedegad. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi tyis ekosistema gadamwyvet rols asrulebs niadagis
stabilizaciaSi, agreTve mewyeris, niadagis CamoSlis, wyaldidobis da sxva bunebrivi
katastrofebis Tavidan acilebaSi an SesustebaSi.
3. habitatis / damxmare servisebi pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli saxeobaTa sabinadro
garemosTan, anu habitatTan. ekosistema emsaxureba saxeobebs, radgan warmoadgens
maTTvis TavSesafars da samigracio gzas. magaliTad, mdinare aris Tevzis sabinadro
garemo, aseve damakavSirebeli gza mdinaris sxvadasxva monakveTebs an sxvadsxva wyal-
satevebs Soris: tba-mdinare, mdinare-zRva-mdinare da a.S. damxmare servisebidan adamiani
ar iRebs pirdapir sargebels. am servisebidan pirdapir sargebels iReben veluri saxeobebi,
romlebic TavisTavad ekosistemis nawilsac warmoadgenen.
4. kulturuli servisebi moicavs aramaterialur sargebels, romelsac adamiane bi
iReben ekosistemebisagan. magaliTad, kulturuli servisebis saxeobaa turizmi, gan-
sakuTrebiT, ekoturizmi, organizmis gajansaReba, esTetiuri siamovneba da a.S.
ekoturizmi _ turizmis saxeoba, mogzauroba bunebriv garemoSi, rodesac garemosad-
mi pasuxismgebloba mkafiod aris gaTvicnobierebuli, turisti icavs garemos da aum-
jobesebs adgilobrivi mosaxleobis keTildReobas (TIES, 1990).
erozia _ niadagis an mTis qanebis gadarecxva, romelic gamowveulia denadi wylis, an sxva
garegani procesebis erToblivi zemoqmedebiT. arsebobs xazobrivi, gverdiTi da siRr-
miTi erozia.
erovnuli parki _ daculi teritoria (National Park) Seesatyviseba bunebis dacvis saer-
TaSoriso kavSiris (IUCN) daculi teritoriebis I I kategorias. erovnuli parki iqmneba
erovnuli da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis, SedarebiT didi da bunebrivi mSvenierebiT
gamorCeuli ekosistemebis dasacavad. erovnuli parkis garkveul zonebSi SesaZlebelia
zogierTi ganaxlebadi resursis mopoveba da daSvebulia turizmi.
zvavi _ mTebidan Tovlis masis Camowola da swrafi gadaadgileba.
landSafti _ genetikurad erTgvarovani bunebriv-teritoriuli kompleqsi.
mdgradi ganviTareba _ grZelvadiani stabiluri ekonomikuri, socialuri da kulturuli
ganviTareba, romelic uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebis keTildReobas xangrZlivi vadiT. gu-
lisxmobs pirobebis Seqmnas grZelvadiani ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis, garemos dac-
98
vis sakiTxebis maqsimaluri gaTvaliswinebiT. „garemos dacvis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ka-
nonis mixedviT _ mdgradi ganviTareba aris sazogadoebis ganviTarebis sistema, romelic
sazogadoebis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisa da garemos dacvis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT
uzrunvelyofs adamianis cxovrebis donis xarisxis zrdas da momavali Taobebis uflebas
_ isargeblon Seqcevadi raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi cvlilebebisagan maqsimalurad
daculi bunebrivi resursebiTa da garemoTi.
mewyeri _ simZimis Zalis Sedegad niadagis an qanis mowyveta da ferdobis daxris mimar-
TulebiT gadaadgileba.
miwisZvra _ miwisqveSa biZgebis Sedegad dedamiwis zedapiris ryeva.
saxelmwifo nakrZali _ (Nature reserve) Seesatyviseba bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso kav-
Siris (IUCN) daculi teritoriebis I kategorias. mkacrad daculi teritoria, romlis
mizania unebis, bunebrivi procesebisa da genetikuri resursebis xeluxlebel mdgo-
mareobaSi SenarCuneba. nakrZalSi SesaZlebelia umniSvnelo zegavlenis mqone mecnieru-
li kvleva-Ziebis Catareba, saganmanaTleblo saqmianoba da dakvirveba.
narCeni _ sawyisi nedleulis an masalis gadamuSavebis Semdeg darCenili nivTierebebi,
romlebic teqnologiuri procesis Semdeg gamousadegaria warmoebisTvis.
prevenciuli RonisZieba _ raime arasasurveli movlenis Tavidan asacileblad, an aRmo-
safxvrelad winaswari RonisZiebebi.
reliqturi saxeoba _ mcenareebisa da cxovelebis saxeobebi, romlebic wina geologiuri
droidan SemorCnen mcire teritoriebze.
resursebis araracionaluri mopoveba _ daugegmavi da gadaWarbebuli bunebaTsargeb-
loba, romelic ar zrunavs momavalze.
rezervati _ teritoria sadac daculia bunebrivi komponentebi.
stiqiuri movlena _ bunebrivi katastrofa, damangreveli bunebrivi movlena.
flora _ (laT. „flos“_ yvavilebisa da gazafxulis RvTaeba Zvel romaul miTologiaSi)
yvela saxeobis mcenareTa erToblioba.
fauna _ ( laT. cxovelTa jogebis mfarveli qalRmerTi Zvel romaul miTologiaSi) _
cxovelTa saxeobebis istoriulad Camoyalibebuli erToblioba.
qarbuqi _ haeris civi masebis SemoWriT gamowveuli Zlieri qari.
Rvarcofi _ intensiuri wvimebiTa da Tovlis dnobiT mTis mdinaris kalapotSi war-
moSobili sqeli, qva-talaxiani masa, romelic didi siswrafiT da ZaliT eSveba daRmartze.
wyaldidoba _ sezonurad, gansakuTrebiT gazafxulze, wlis donis mniSvnelovani aweva,
romelic iwvwvs garSemo teritoriis datborvas.
wyalmovardna _ arasezonurad, mdinaris donis uecari momateba da napirebidan gad-
mosvla Zlieri Tavsxma wvimebis dros.
hidrografiuli qseli _ wylis sxvadasxva saxis obieqtebis erToblioba mocemul teri-
toriaze.
garemosdacviTi ganaTleba
skolaSi
maswavleblis wigni
I-IX klasebi

Tbilisi 2013