ჯანსაღი ცხოვრების წესი

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da
mecnierebis saministro
jansaRi
cxovrebis wesi
gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis
Tbilisi 2015
gzamkvlevze muSaobdnen: Tamar sirbilaZe
maia kobaiZe
maia javaxiSvili
proeqtis koordinatori: manana varazaSvili -

erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis
departamentis biologiis
eqsperti
samecniero redaqtori: lamara maWavariani
teqnikuri redaqtori: Tamar ninikaSvili
dizainer-damkabadonebeli: nugzar arCemaSvili
© saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro
mocemuli publikaciis teqstis gamoyeneba daSvebulia mxolod

arakomerciuli miznebisTvis, wyaros miTiTebiT.
s a rC evi
winaTqma............................................................................................... 5
kari 1. jansaRi kveba

Tavi 1. jansaRi kvebis safuZvlebi...................................................... 8
1. jansaRi kveba da misi upiratesobebi........................................... 8
2. sakvebi nivTierebebi da maTi Semcveli produqtebi................ 10
3. kveba mozardobis periodSi ....................................................... 23
4. bavSvTa kveba da daavadebebi ..................................................... 28
Tavi 2. aqtivobebi.............................................................................. 32
aqtivoba 1. Cemi sayvareli kerZi ................................................... 32
aqtivoba 2. viqtorina `sakvebis 5 jgufi ~ ................................... 36
aqtivoba 3. rogor vikvebebiT? ...................................................... 38
aqtivoba 4. TamaSi `vin var me?~...................................................... 45
aqtivoba 5. statia sakvebze ........................................................... 50
aqtivoba 6. ZiriTadi ingredientebi ............................................. 53
aqtivoba 7. naklebi marili, meti janmrTeloba........................... 55
aqtivoba 8. hidratacia: dalieT wyali! ........................................ 58
kari 2. Tambaqo, alkoholi, narkotikebi

Tavi 1. mozardebi da narkotikebi.................................................... 61
1. zogi ram gardamavali asakis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb............. 61
2. ram SeiZleba ubiZgos mozards narkotikis gasinjvisken? �� 72
4. ratom moixmaren mozardebi narkotikebs ................................. 78
5. sociumis zegavlena adiqtiuri qcevis formirebaze .............. 81
6. rodis aRmocendeba narkotikisadmi interesi ......................... 87
7. narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia ........................ 89
8. riskze fokusirebuli prevenciuli modeli ........................... 96
9. prevenciuli ganaTlebis formebi ............................................. 99
10. narkotikebi da kanoni .............................................................103
Tavi 2. aqtivobebi.............................................................................113
aqtivoba 1. cxovrebis ruka ..........................................................113
aqtivoba 2. gasinjvidan damokidebulebamde ..............................118
aqtivoba 3. mogzauroba momavalSi ..............................................126
3
aqtivoba 4. `Tqvi ara~ ....................................................................129
aqtivoba 5. mjera _ ar mjera ......................................................132
aqtivoba 6. alkoholis safrTxe ..................................................136
aqtivoba 7. TamaSi-viqtorina `Caketili wre~ .............................145
aqtivoba 8. cxovreba narkotikebTa erTad .................................148
aqtivoba 9. `brein-ringi~ ..............................................................150
aqtivoba 10. savarjiSo-metafora `skami~ ....................................154
aqtivoba 11. Cveni jansaRi skola .................................................157
aqtivoba 12. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi ....................................158
aqtivoba 13. alternatiuli reklama ...........................................163
aqtivoba 14. cxovrebis jansaRi wesi ...........................................168
aqtivoba 15. aramwevelTa qalaqis ruka .......................................169
aqtivoba 16. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis zegavlena
adamianis cxovrebaze ..............................................173
danarTi. terminTa ganmarteba ......................................................181
4
winaTqma
zrunva cxovrebis jansaRi wesis dasamkvidreblad rac SeiZle-

ba adre unda daiwyos, radgan janmrTelobisTvis saziano cxo-
vrebis stilis saTave bavSvobaSi da, gansakuTrebiT, mozardobis
periodSia saZiebeli. amerikelma mkvlevarebma gamoyves 6 saxis
qceva, romlebic iwveven avadobas, socialur problemebs da, xSi-
rad, sikvdilsac. esenia: Tambaqos moxmareba, arajansaRi kveba,
araadekvaturi fizikuri aqtivoba, alkoholisa da narkotikebis
moxmareba, sqesobrivi qceva, romelmac SeiZleba gamoiwvios aiv
infeqcia an sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi sxva infeqciebi, qceva,
romelic ubeduri SemTxvevebisa da Zaladobis mizezi xdeba (US
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011).
gacilebiT advili da efeqturia cxovrebis jansaRi wesisa da

usafrTxo qcevis danergva bavSvobisa da mozardobis periodSi,
vidre arajansaRi qcevis Secvla mozrdil asakSi. skola jansa-
Ri startis saukeTeso adgilia. dadasturebulia, rom cxovrebis
jansaRi wesis xelSemwyobi efeqturi saskolo programebi amci-
rebs qceviT riskebs da aumjobesebs saswavlo process.
aSkaraa, rom axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloSi krizisul socia-

lur-fsiqologiur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba: dangreulia qcevis
uwindeli stereotipebi, normatiuli da RirebulebiTi sistema;
axali stereotipebisa da faseulobebis Camoyalibeba xdeba qao-
surad da usistemod; axalgazrdebs ar gaaCniaT is unar-Cvevebi,
romlebic maT daexmareboda cxovrebis jansaRi da efeqturi
stilis CamoyalibebaSi. socialuri garemos mzardma moTxovnebma
Seqmna masobrivi fsiqoemociuri daZabulobis atmosfero, ramac,
sxva faqtorebTan erTad, ganapiroba axalgazrdebSi narkotikebis
moxmarebis gavrceleba.
ra aris prevenciuli muSaobis mizani? zogadad, prevencia war-

moadgens winaswari RonisZiebebis sistemas raime arasasurveli
movlenis Tavidan asacileblad. fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis
moxmarebis prevenciis mizania, uari vaTqmevinoT axalgazrdobas
im qimiurad aqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebaze, romlebic speci-
fikur gavlenas axdens adamianis centralur nervul sistemaze.
SegviZlia darwmunebuli viyoT, rom prevenciis Semdeg bavSvebi
5
arasodes moixmaren narkotikebs? ra Tqma unda, ara! Cven mxolod
imis daSveba SegviZlia, rom Cveni muSaoba Seamcirebs axalgazr-
debis mier narkotikebis moxmarebis albaTobas. statistikur mo-
nacemebze dayrdnobiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom Tu 10-dan 21 wlamde
asakobriv SualedSi axalgazrda ar daiwyebs narkotikebis moxma-
rebas, imis albaToba, rom es adamiani momavalSi narkomanTa ricx-
vSi aRmoCndeba, minimaluria.
sakuTari janmrTelobisadmi adekvaturi damokidebuleba, TviTk-

marobisa da sakuTari Tavis pativiscemis grZnoba, Tavdajerebu-
loba, konstruqciuli urTierTobebis damyarebis unari, koleq
tiur interesebSi CarTuloba – yovelive es exmareba axalgazr-
debs sakuTari energiisa da potencialis realizebaSi da xels
uwyobs narkotikebis moxmarebis cdunebis mimarT erTgvari imu-
nitetis gamomuSavebas. swored am mizans emsaxureba skolebSi nar-
kotikebis moxmarebis prevencia.
mozardebi iSviaTad ikvebebian sworad: isini megobrebTan erTad

stumroben `fast-fudis~ obieqtebs, uyvarT televizorTan an
kompiuterTan CifsebiTa da gaziani sasmelebiT waxemseba. aseTi
sakvebi savsea cximiT, SaqriT, kaloriebiT da naklebad Seicavs
janmrTelobisTvis mniSvnelovan vitaminebsa da mineralebs. swo-
ri, dabalansebuli kvebis mniSvnelobis gacnobiereba daexmareba
mozardebs, SeinarCunon janmrTeloba, Sesabamisi wona, gaaZlie-
rebs maT imunitets da Seamcirebs momavalSi sxvadasxva daava-
debis ganviTarebis risks. bavSvebi da axalgazrdebi, romlebic
swavloben da sworad afaseben jansaR da srulfasovan kvebas,
mozrdil asakSi ufro sworad ikvebebian da, Sesabamisad, ufro
Zlieri da Sromisunariani arian cxovrebaSi.
6
kari 1
jansaRi kveba
7
Tavi 1.
jansaRi kvebis safuZvlebi
1. jansaRi kveba da misi upiratesobebi
adamianis organizmSi mimdinare yvela sasicocxlo procesi kve-

bis reJimsa da sakvebis Semadgenlobazea damokidebuli. swori
kveba adamianis janmrTelobis safuZvelia. sakvebi, romelsac Cven
mivirTmevT, xels uwyobs organizmis qsovilebisa da ujredebis
rogorc ganviTarebas, aseve maT sistematur ganaxlebas. sakvebi
warmoadgens energiis wyaros, romelsac Cveni organizmi xarjavs
ara marto fizikuri datvirTvisas, aramed dasvenebis drosac.
kvebis produqtebi – es aris im nivTierebaTa wyaro, saidanac

sinTezirdeba fermentebi, hormonebi da mimocvliTi procesebis
maregulirebeli nivTierebebi. swori kveba uzrunvelyofs orga-
nizmis sicocxlisTvis mniSvnelovani yvela funqciis Sesrulebas.
sakvebis Semadgenloba, misi Tvisebebi da raodenoba gansazRvravs
fizikur zrda-ganviTarebas, Sromisunarianobas, avadmyofobis six-
Sires, nervul-fsiqikur mdgomareobas, sicocxlis xangrZlivobas.
Tanamedrove fiziologia amtkicebs, rom kvebis racioni zega-

vlenas axdens ara marto gonebriv da fizikur mdgomareobaze,
aramed emociur sferosa da, zogadad, qcevazec. ase rom, kvebis
racionis kontroliT, garkveulwilad, SegviZlia zegavlena mo-
vaxdinoT Cvens zogad da emociur ganwyobaze.
jansaRi, fiziologiurad srulfasovani, anu racionaluri (laT.
rationalis – `gonivruli~) kveba jansaRi cxovrebis erT-erTi Zi-
riTadi pirobaa. is gvexmareba garemos mavne faqtorebisaTvis
winaaRmdegobis gawevaSi, xels uwyobs imunitetis SenarCunebas,
fizikur da gonebriv ganviTarebas, Sromisunarianobis zrdas,
mTlianobaSi ki – janmrTelobis SenarCunebas.
8
jansaRia kveba, Tu is organizms janmrTelobisTvis aucilebeli
sakvebi nivTierebebiT uzrunvelyofs. jansaRi kveba Seesabameba
organizmis moTxovnilebas energiaze da, amave dros, sxeuls op-
timalur wonas unarCunebs. racionaluri, anu srulfasovani kve-
bis safuZvels warmoadgens miRebul sakvebSi cilebis, cximebisa
da naxSirwylebis optimaluri Tanafardoba.
jansaRi kvebis sabaziso principebia:

→ jeradoba
janmrTelobisTvis umniSvnelovanesia, adamiani ikvebebo-
des danawevrebulad, minimum 4-jer dReSi;
rekomendebuli ar aris dRisiT SimSili da ZiriTadi sakve-
bis saRamos an RamiT erTianad miReba;
→ sizuste
kuW-nawlavis normaluri funqcionirebisTvis umjobesia
sakvebis miReba erTsa da imave saaTebSi;
→ intervali
sakvebis miRebaTa Soris intervalis xangrZlivoba ar unda
aWarbebdes 6 saaTs;
→ Sexameba
fizikuri datvirTvis Semdeg sasurvelia, sul mcire, 30-40
wuTi davicadoT da Semdeg miviRoT sakvebi;
vaxSami unda miviRoT daZinebamde, sul cota, 2 saaTiT
adre.
sasusnavebis moyvaruli mozardebisTvis jansaRi kveba arc iseTi

martivia, rogorc erTi SexedviT Cans: isini unda aiZulo, moeri-
don tkbileuls da Wamon bevri bostneuli, rac TiTqmis aravis
uyvars. kidev ufro Znelia daarwmuno, rom es sasikeToa maTi jan-
saRi kbilebisa da lamazi sxeulisTvis.
mozardebis swori da jansaRi kveba, iseve rogorc regularuli

fizikuri datvirTva, zrdasrul asakSi janmrTelobis sawinda-
ria. ganviTarebad qveynebSi bevri mozardi daucvelia avadmyo-
fobebisa da naadrevi sikvdilis winaSe, vinaidan Camoyalibebis
periodSi isini ar iReben sakvebi nivTierebebis sakmaris da sa-
Tanado raodenobas. amavdroulad, yvela qveyanaSi, Semosavlebis
donis miuxedavad, izrdeba Warbwoniani da msuqani axalgazrdebis
9
jansaRi cxovrebis wesi. gzamkvlevi maswavleblebisTvis
ricxvi, rac araswori kvebis Sedegia. Warbi wona did safrTxes
uqmnis janmrTelobas.
Warbwonianobis problema aqtualuria saqarTveloSic. Catare-

buli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, 2010 wlis monacemebiT, mozardi mo-
saxleobis 16.6%-s – Warbi wona da 7.1%-s simsuqne aReniSneba. ma-
Ralia im axalgazrdebis procentuli raodenoba, romlebic dRis
ganmavlobaSi xilis da/an bostneulis 5 ulufaze naklebs miirT-
meven – 71.8% (biWebi - 73.5% da gogoebi – 69.8%).
2. sakvebi nivTierebebi da maTi Semcveli produqtebi

arsebobs sakvebi nivTierebebis (nutrientebis) 6 ZiriTadi ka-
tegoria: cilebi, cximebi, naxSirwylebi, vitaminebi, mineralebi,
ujredisi da wyali. isini adamianis organizmSi mniSvnelovan da
specifikur, anu mkacrad gansazRvrul funqciebs asruleben.
nutrientebi iyofa 2 kategoriad: makronutrientebi da mikro-

nutrientebi. `Macro~ berZnulad dids, bevrs niSnavs - makronu-
10
trientebi organizms didi raodenobiT sWirdeba da izomeba gra-
mebSi. mikronutrientebi (Micro - berZn. – patara, mcire) mcire
raodenobiT sWirdeba adamianis organizms da izomeba miligra-
mebsa da mikrogramebSi.
cilebi
cila anu proteini umniSvnelovanesi sakvebi substratia, rome-
lic aucilebelia organizmis zrdisa da ganviTarebisTvis. ci-
lebs Seicavs Cveni sxeulis TiToeuli ujredi. proteinebi ener-
giis mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens. Cven maT bunebaSi uxvad
arsebuli mcenareuli da cxoveluri cilebis saSualebiT vi-
RebT. sxva nivTierebebiT misi Canacvleba ar xdeba da is aucile-
blad unda miewodebodes organizms sakvebis saxiT.
mcenareuli cilebis wyaros warmoadgens burRuleuli, parkos-
nebi da soko.
burRuleuli parkosnebi soko
cxoveluri cilebis wyaro ki xorceuli, Tevzeuli da kvercxia.
xorceuli Tevzeuli kvercxi
cilebze moTxovnileba individualuria: SeiZleba adamianis sxeu-

lis masis 1 kilogramze 1,1–1,3 grams Seadgendes. aqedan dRis gan-
11
mavlobaSi miRebuli cilebis raodenobis 50%-s cxoveluri cile-
bi unda Seadgendes, radganac swored isini Seicaven im Seucvlel
aminomJavebs, romelTa sinTezi adamianis organizmSi ar xdeba.
ada
mianis organizmSi cilebis fiziologiuri moTxovnilebis
norma dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi 60-dan 90 gramamdea.
cximebi
adamianis kvebis racionSi aucileblad unda Sediodes cximebi, im
SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu igi dietas icavs. organizmSi cximebis monawi-
leobiT xdeba zogierTi hormonis sinTezi, fiziologiuri pro-
cesebis swori funqcionireba, vitaminebis aTviseba da imunuri
sistemis gaZliereba. cximebi aucilebelia kanis, Tmisa da frCxi-
lebis janmrTelobisTvis. cximovani mJavebis gareSe kani Sreba da
iqercleba, Tma da frCxilebi kargavs bzinvarebas da iyofa.
mcenareuli cximebis wyaros warmoadgens zeTisxili, mzesumzira,

simindi da Txileuli.
zeTisxili mzesumzira simindi Txileuli
cxovelur cximebs adamianis organizmi iRebs rZis nawarmidan,

xorceulidan da Tevzeulidan.
karaqi araJani xorceuli Tevzeuli
rekomendebulia, ise Sedges dRis racioni, rom masSi Sediodes

cxoveluri cximebis 70% da mcenareulis – mxolod 30%. dRis gan-
12
mavlobaSi misaRebi cximebis raodenoba meryeobs 60-dan 100 gra-
mamde, rac damokidebulia gonebrivi da fizikuri datvirTvis in-
tensivobaze.
naxSirwylebi
adamianis organizmisTvis energiis ZiriTadi mimwodebeli nax-
Sirwylebia. isini Tavis mxriv iyofian `swrafad Slad~ da `nelad
Slad~ naxSirwylebad. `swrafad Sladi~ naxSirwylebia fruqtoza,
glukoza, saqaroza. maT yvelaze didi raodenobiT funTuSeuli,
xili, wvenebi da tkbileuli Seicavs. am tipis naxSirwylebiT mdi-
dari produqtebi swrafad ùmklavdebian~ SimSilis grZnobas, ma-
gram aseTi sakvebiT danayrebul adamians maleve Sivdeba.
sul sxva suraTi gvaqvs `nelad Sladi~ naxSirwylebis miRebis Sem-

deg. am nivTierebebiT mdidari produqtebi - burRuleuli, kar-
tofili, puri - xangrZlivi droiT anayrebs adamians.

`swrafad Sladi~ naxSirwylebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens tk-

bileuli, namcxvrebi, xili, wvenebi.
`nelad Slad~ naxSirwylebs organizms burRuleuli, kartofili

da puri awvdis.
burRuleuli kartofili puri
ujredisi
ujredisi (ingl. fiber) aris boWko, romelic mcenareuli qsovile-
bis ZiriTad saSen masalas warmoadgens. is organizmSi bevr pro-
cess akontrolebs da, amasTan, wylis Sewovis unikaluri unari
aqvs (sakuTar moculobaze, daaxloebiT, 6-jer met wyals Seiwo-
13
vs). Sedegad kuWSi warmoiqmneba rbili Rrublis msgavsi masa. swo-
red amitom didi raodenobiT ujredisis Semcveli produqtebi
ufro swrafad iwvevs kuWis sisavsis da danayrebis SegrZnebas,
rac gvicavs zedmeti sakvebis miRebisgan.
ujredisiT mdidari produqtebiT kveba sasikeToa Cveni orga-

nizmisTvis: is Tavidan agvacilebs yabzobas, romelic aqtualuri
xdeba kvebis areuli reJimis pirobebSi, gansakuTrebiT dietaze
yofnis dros.
es produqtebi amcirebs sisxlSi qolesterinis dones, xels uS-

lis buasilis, venebis varikozuli gafarToebis, brma nawlavis
anTebisa da sxva daavadebebis ganviTarebas, exmareba organizms
sisxlSi Saqris donis gaTanabrebasa da awesrigebs metabolizmis
(nivTierebaTa cvlis) process.
unda aRiniSnos, rom ujredisi xorcSi, rZis produqtebSi da,

saerTod, cxoveluri warmoSobis sakvebSi ar gvxvdeba, burRu-
leuli ki gadamuSavebis dros absoluturad iwmindeba ujredi-
sisgan. amitom, Cveni meniu unda gavamdidroT parkosani mcena-
reebiT (ospi, xmeli lobio da barda), TxileuliT, xiliT, bost-
neuliT, yavisferi brinjiT, srulmarcvlovani burRuleuliT
(xorbali, Svria, qeri).
ujredisiT mdidari sakvebi poduqtebi
parkosnebi Txileuli xili bostneuli
kenkra yavisferi brinji srulmarcvlovani burRuleuli

parkosnebi
14
vitaminebi
vitaminebi adamianis organizmSi bevr sasargeblo funqcias as-
ruleben. maTi saWiro dRiuri norma Zalian mcirea, magram Tu
organizmma sakmarisi raodenobiT ver miiRo, maSin mniSvnelovnad
irRveva nivTierebaTa cvlis procesi, rac sxvadasxva daavade-
bis saxiT vlindeba. vitaminebi dadebiTad moqmedeben Sinagani
organoebis, kanis, Tmis, frCxilebis mdgomareobaze, aumjobese-
ben ujredebisa da qsovilebis sinTezis, zrdisa da ganviTarebis
procesebs. SegviZlia gamovyoT vitaminebis ori tipi: Seucvleli
da Secvladi. Seucvlel vitaminebs organizmi Tavad ver qmnis da
aucilebelia maTi sakvebTan erTad miReba. am vitaminebis gareSe
adamiani SeiZleba daavaddes.
Secvladi vitaminebi, SesaZloa, organizmSi warmoiqmnas. Tumca,

unda gaiTvaliswinoT, rom rigi garemoebebis gamo, ufro xSi-
rad ki – asakis matebasTan erTad, organizmis mier vitaminebis
sinTezis unari SeiZleba dairRves. aseT SemTxvevebSi vitaminebi
unda miiRoT sakvebTan erTad.
vitaminebi iyofa or jgufad: wyalSi da cximSi xsnad vitaminebad.

wyalSi xsnad vitaminebs miekuTvneba B jgufis vitaminebi, vitami-
ni C, РР, Н. xolo cximSi xsnad vitaminebs – A, D, E da K vitaminebi.
A vitamini (retinoli). am vitaminiT mdidaria: Tevzis qoni, saqon-

lis RviZli da Tirkmlebi, kvercxi, rZe da rZis produqtebi. re-
tinols beta-karotinis (A vitaminis winamorbedi) saxiT Seicavs
stafilo, bulgaruli da Cveulebrivi cxare wiwaka, pomidori, sx-
15
vadasxva jiSis kombosto, gogra, parkosnebi (soia, barda), atami,
gargari, vaSli, yurZeni, sazamTro, nesvi, askili, qacvi. A vitami-
nis deficitis dros Tavs iCens mxedvelobis problemebi: mxed-
velobis gauareseba Sebindebisas, axlomxedveloba, Tvalis ioli
daRla; uxeSdeba kani, sustdeba imuniteti.
B1 vitamini (Tiamini). am vitamins didi raodenobiT Seicavs: xorbali,

uxeSad nafqvavi xorblis puri, daumuSavebeli brinji, qeri, Roris
xorci, parkosnebi, kartofili, saqonlis RviZli, ludis safuari,
rZe, kvercxi. B1 vitaminis deficitis dros Tavs iCens iolad daR-
la, uZiloba, Tavis tkivili, depresia, yuradRebis koncentraciis
unaris daqveiTeba, guliscemis gaxSireba, tkivili gulis areSi,
gulisreva, muclis tkivili, madis daqveiTeba, yabzoba.
B2 vitamini (riboflavini). didi raodenobiT Seicavs saqon-

lis RviZli da Tirkmlebi. 100 g xorcSi misi Semcveloba 0,16-
0,23 mg-ia, 100 g rZeSi – 0,1-0,13 mg, xolo xilsa da bostneul-
Si – kidev ufro naklebi. bavSvma B2 vitaminis dRiuri saWiroe-
ba rom daikmayofilos, 1,5 kg Zroxis xorci unda miirTvas an
2 litramde rZe dalios, rac, dagveTanxmebiT, arcTu iolia.
aRniSnuli vitaminis deficitis dros adamians aReniSneba saerTo
sisuste, naxeTqebi tuCis kuTxeebSi (angularuli stomatiti), ena
Jolosferi da SeSupebulia, mis kideebze kbilebis naWdevebi Cn-
deba. Tvalebi iolad iRleba, Tavs iCens sinaTlis SiSi, viTarde-
ba koniunqtiviti (Tvalis lorwovani garsis anTeba), blefariti
(quTuToebis anTeba).
B5 vitamini (panTotenis mJava). Seicavs mcenareuli produqtebi:

barda, safuari, Txili, mwvanefoTlovani bostneuli, wiwibura,
Svria, yvavilovani kombosto; aseve, cxoveluri produqtebi: sa-
qonlis RviZli, Tirkmlebi, guli, qaTmis xorci, kvercxis guli,
rZe, xizilala. garda amisa, panTotenis mJavas gamoimuSavebs
nawlavis Cxiri, romelic adamianis nawlavis sanaTurSi sakmaod
bevria. vitaminis deficitis dros aRiniSneba: iolad daRla, de-
presia, uZiloba, Tavis, kunTebis, qveda kidurebis tkivili, ter-
febis SewiTleba, dispefsiuri movlenebi (gulisreva, Rebineba),
fexis TiTebis dabuJeba. rac mTavaria, B5 vitaminis naklebobis
dros iTrguneba imuniteti da bavSvis organizmi infeqciur daa-
vadebebs ver umklavdeba.
16
B6 vitamini (piridoqsini). am vitaminiT mdidaria xorci, gansaku-
TrebiT – RviZli da Tirkmlebi, uxeSad nafqvavi xorblis puri,
wiwibura, qeri, Tumca marcvleulidan piridoqsini gacilebiT
Znelad SeiTviseba, vidre cxoveluri sakvebidan. am vitaminis de-
ficits dros aRiniSneba xasiaTis xSiri cvlileba, agznebadoba,
piris Rrusa da enis lorwovanis anTeba. Tu axalSobilis orga-
nizms B6 vitamini aklia, SesaZloa, krunCxva ganuviTardes.
B12 vitamini (ciankobalamini). didi raodenobiT Seicavs umTa-

vresad cxoveluri produqtebi: saqonlis RviZli, Tevzi, zRvis
produqti, rZe, yveli. Tu adamiani srulfasovan sakvebs iRebs,
ciankobalaminis deficiti ar viTardeba. deficitis dros ki Tavs
iCens: anemia, tvinis qsovilis struqturis cvlileba, romelic
umTavresad nevrologiuri simptomebiT, Zlieri gaRizianebiTa
da kidurebis dabuJebiT vlindeba.
B9 vitamini (foliumis mJava). vitaminis saxelwodeba laTinuri si-
tyva `foliumidan~ momdinareobs, rac foTols niSnavs. Sesaba-
misad, am vitamins uxvad Seicavs mwvanefoTlovani bostneuli:
ispanaxi, prasi, salaTa da sxva. garda amisa, is gvxvdeba saqon-
lis xorcSi, RviZlsa da TirkmlebSi. am vitaminis deficiti gan-
sakuTrebiT saSiSia orsulebisTvis – SesaZloa, dairRves nayofis
nervuli lulis formireba, ganviTardes hidrocefalia, anence-
falia (Tavis tvinis ganuviTarebloba).
C vitamini (askorbinis mJava). ZiriTadi wyaroa axali xili,

bostneuli, kenkra da mwvanili. C vitaminiT gansakuTre-
biT mdidaria askilis nayofi, Savi mocxari, wiwaka, limoni,
forToxali. askorbinis mJava did raodenobiT aris kombos-
tos mwnilSi, vaSlsa da kartofilSi ki SedarebiT naklebia.
vitaminis deficitis dros iTrguneba imuniteti, xSirdeba in-
feqciuri paTologiebi da Tavs iCens kuW-nawlavis problemebi.
garda amisa, patarebs awuxebT saerTo sisuste, kanis simSrale,
saxsrebis tkivili, RrZilebidan sisxldena.
D vitamini (kalciferoli). is, umTavresad, gamomuSavdeba kanSi,

mzis sxivebis zemoqmedebiT. moipoveba sakvebSic: rZesa da rZis
nawarmSi, Tevzis qonSi, kvercxis gulSi. vitaminis winamorbedi
(provitamini) nawilobriv sakvebTan erTad xvdeba organizmSi,
nawilobriv ki organizmSive arsebuli qolesterinisgan warmoiqm-
neba. D vitaminis deficitisas axalSobils raqiti emuqreba. pro-
17
filaqtikis mizniT, sasurvelia, pataras damatebiT mivawodoT D
vitamini da, rac mTavaria, ar movakloT mzis sxivebi.
E vitamini (tokoferoli). am vitaminiT mdidaria: mcenareuli

zeTi, uxeSad nafqvavi xorblis puri, wiwibura, mwvanili. vitami-
nis deficitis SemTxvevaSi aRiniSneba kunTebis sisuste da anemia.
axalSobilebSi E vitaminis nakleboba iwvevs anemias, mxedvelobis
darRvevebs, xSiria filtvis daavadebebic.
K vitamini (filoqinoni). mas, nawilobriv, nawlavebSi mobinadre

mikroorganizmebi warmoqmnian. moipoveba mwvanefoTlovan bost-
neulSi, askilis nayofSi, briuselisa da yvavilovan kombostoSi,
WinWarSi, xorbalSi, soioSi, WvavSi, SvriaSi, mwvane CaiSi, lamina-
riaSi (zRvis kombostoSi). cxoveluri sakvebidan yvelaze met K
vitamins kvercxi da Roris RviZli Seicavs. misi deficiti iSvia-
Tad viTardeba da am dros Tavs iCens: kanqveSa sisxlCaqcevebi,
sisxldena RrZilebidan, cxviridan, kuW-nawlavis traqtis sxva-
dasxva ubnidan. K vitaminis ukmarisobis adreul niSnad sisxlSi
proTrombinis donis daqveiTeba miiCneva. deficiti axalSobileb-
Si mozrdilebze ufro xSirad iCens Tavs: Cvils rZe sakmarisi
odenobis K vitamins ver awvdis da arc nawlavebia dasaxlebu-
li misi mwarmoebeli mikroorganizmebiT. vitaminis ukmarisobi-
sas axalSobilebSi viTardeba hemoragiuli daavadeba, romelsac
axasiaTebs: sisxldena RrZilebidan, cxviridan, Wipidan, kuWidan,
sasqeso organoebidan. xSiria kanqveSa sisxlCaqcevebi. aRiniSneba
sisxliani Rebineba, kuprisebri ganavali.
H vitamini (biotini). es vitamini bevria saqonlis RviZlSi, miwis

TxilSi, parkosnebSi. biotinis deficitis dros Tavs iCens: se-
boreuli dermatiti, anemia, Tmis cvena, kunTebis tkivili, enis
lorwovani garsis anTeba, uZiloba, umadoba, gulisreva.
mineralebi
mineraluri nivTierebebi, romlebic aseve Sedian Cveni ujrede-
bisa da qsovilebis SemadgenlobaSi, aucilebelia Sinagani orga-
noebis swori funqcionirebisa da fiziologiuri procesebis re-
gulirebisTvis. mineraluri nivTierebebi adamianma unda miiRos
sakvebis an mineraluri kompleqsebis saxiT. mineralebis ukmaris-
oba, SesaZloa, gamovlindes daavadebebis mimarT brZolis unaris
18
SemcirebiT an gulsisxlZarRvTa, endokrinuli da sxva sisteme-
bis funqciis darRveviT.
arsebobs 100-mde mineraluri nivTiereba, romelTagan 20 adamia-

nis zrda-ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia.
rkina - Sedis proteinebisa da fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi, mo-

nawileobs Jangbadis transportirebaSi, nivTierebaTa cvlis re-
gulaciaSi, sisxlwarmoqmnis procesSi. Sedis sisxlZarRvTa ked-
lebis, kunTebis, Tavis tvinis SemadgenlobaSi, amitom misi defi-
citi uamrav uaryofiT Sedegs iZleva. rkiniT mdidari produq-
tebia: saqonlis mWle xorci, frinvelis xorci da Tevzi; rkina
aseve Sedis bevri mcenaris SemadgenlobaSi, Tumca iqidan rTuli
asaTvisebelia. qalebs reproduqciul asakSi mamakacebze 2-jer
meti rkina esaWiroebaT. maT damatebiT ekargebaT rkina mesn-
truaciis, orsulobis, mSobiarobis, laqtaciis dros. sakvebidan
aTvisebuli rkinis raodenobas sxvadasxva faqtori gansazRvravs:
frinvelis, saqonlisa da Tevzis xorcSi Semavali rkina, mcena-
reuli warmoSobis rkinasTan SedarebiT, 2-3-jer ukeT Seiwoveba.
mcenareebidan rkinis Sewova ZiriTadad damokidebulia imaze, Tu
ra sakvebTan erTad miviRebT maT. rkinis Semcveli cxoveluri
sakvebi xels uwyobs mcenareuli sakvebidan rkinis aTvisebas. rki-
nis Sewovas aferxebs Cai, yava, kakao, saneleblebi, rZe da rZis
produqtebi. rkinis deficiti iwvevs anemias (sisxlnakleboba).
rkinadeficituri anemia sakmaod xSirad organizmis aqtiuri zr-
dis periodSi viTardeba. daavadeba gogoebs 10-jer ufro xSirad
uviTardebaT, vidre vaJebs. rogorc Cans, menstrualuri sisxl-
denis periodSi organizmi bevr rkinas kargavs.
magniumi cilebisa da naxSirwylebis sinTezisTvis saWiro fermen-

tebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. mas damamSvidebeli, sisxlZarRvebis
gamafarToebeli da Sardmdeni moqmedeba axasiaTebs. sam wlamde
19
asakis bavSvebisTvis Mg-is dRiuri norma 140 mg-ia, 4-dan 6 wlam-
de – 220 mg, 7-dan 10 wlamde – 300 mg, xolo 11-13 wlis asakisTvis
– 400 mg. magniumiT mdidaria mcenareuli sakvebi, gansakuTrebiT
– qato, soiis fqvili, tkbili nuSi, nigozi, barda, xorbali, gar-
gari, TeTrTava kombosto.
kaliumi nivTierebaTa cvlis procesebSi aqtiurad monawileobs.

garda amisa, is aucilebelia gulis kunTis muSaobisTvis. kaliumi
uxvadaa gargaris CirSi, leRvSi, forToxalSi, mandarinSi, karto-
filSi (500 g kartofili kaliumis dRiur moTxovnilebas mTlia-
nad akmayofilebs. ase rom, mSoblebs vurCevT, nu etyvian pata-
rebs uars Semwvari kartofilis momzadebaze). K-iT mdidaria as-
kili, Savi mocxari, marwyvi, sazamTro, nesvi, soia, aluCa, kitri,
briuselis kombosto, Txili, nigozi, oxraxuSi, qiSmiSi, qliavi,
Wvavis puri da Svria.
kalciumi Zvlebisa da kbilebis erTgvari saSeni masalaa. is mo-

nawileobs sisxlis Sededebis procesSi, aqtiurad aris CarTu-
li gulis kunTis SekumSvis procesSi. Ca uamrav produqtSia, ma-
gram yvelaze iolad mainc rZis nawarmidan SeiTviseba (kalciumis
SeTvisebaSi ki D vitamini monawileobs). dRiuri moTxovnilebis
dakmayofilebisTvis sakmarisia naxevari litri rZe an 100 grami
yveli. garda rZis produqtebisa, kalciums uxvad Seicavs lobio,
soia, oxraxuSi, xaxvi, gargaris Ciri, vaSli, tkbili nuSi, kvercxis
guli. gaxsovdeT: Termuli damuSavebisas (aduRebisas, Sewvisas,
moxrakvisas) produqti 25%-mde kalciums kargavs. am elementis
SeTvisebas ki xels uSlis Wvavis puri, mJauna, kakao, Sokoladi
da, zogadad, cximiani sakvebi.
natriumi monawileobs kuWis wvenis warmoqmnaSi, Tirkmlebis mier

nivTierebaTa cvlis produqtebis gamodevnaSi, zogierTi fermen-
tis gaaqtiurebaSi, sisxlis mJava-tutovani balansis SenarCuneba-
Si. Na-is ZiriTadi wyaro sufris marilia. dedebs vurCevT, uma-
rilo kerZi ar SesTavazon patarebs. umjobesia, marili (metad
mcire raodenobiT) kerZs momzadebis Semdeg moayaron.
fosforiT mdidaria rZe, xaWo, yveli, soko, kvercxis guli, ni-

gozi, brinji, soiis fqvili, xorblis puri, boloki, barda, garga-
ris Ciri, qiSmiSi, Zroxis xorci, RviZli, bocvris xorci. fosfori
nivTierebaTa cvlis procesis aqtiuri komponentia. is Zvlovani
20
qsovilis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. fosforis deficiti negatiurad
aisaxeba mexsierebaze, mxedvelobaze.
iodi bavSvis organizmisTvis metad mniSvnelovani elementia. vi-

naidan saqarTveloSi iodis mkveTri deficiti aRiniSneba, am niv-
Tierebis danaklisis Sevsebas gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva.
magaliTad, orsulebs iodis Semcvel preparatebs uniSnaven, rac
momaval Taobas ioddefcitiT ganpirobebuli mZime Sedegebisgan
(fizikuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebis mkveTri darRvevebisgan)
icavs. iodis Semcveli produqtebia: zRvis kombosto, Tevzi, xa-
manwkebi, xaxvi, prasi, nesvi. mcire odenobiT iodi rZis produq-
tebSic moipoveba. aucilebelia iodirebuli marilis moxmareba.
gogirdi organizmis ujredebis, fermentebis, hormonebis kom-

ponentia. amdenad, misi deficiti negatiurad aisaxeba janmrTe-
lobaze. ase rom ar moxdes, gaamdidreT bavSvis meniu xorciT,
kvercxiT, SvriiT, wiwiburaTi, rZiT, yveliT, bardiTa da kom-
bostoTi. gogirdi cilebis, cximebisa da naxSirwylebis cvlaSi
monawileobs. bolodroindeli kvlevebis monacemebis Tanaxmad,
es elementi sisxlSi qolesterolis donis regulacias axorcie-
lebs.
manganumi uxvad aris marcvleulSi, gansakuTrebiT – SvriaSi, lo-

bioSi, bardaSi, saqonlis RviZlSi. 350-mde sxvadasxva saxis sasi-
cocxlo procesi – maT Soris, saWmlis moneleba, energiis warmo-
qmna, kunTebis moduneba-SekumSva, Zvlovani qsovilis formireba,
axali ujredebis warmoqmna, B jgufis vitaminebis gaaqtiureba,
gulis, Tirkmlebis, Tirkmelzeda jirkvlis, tvinis da nervuli
sistemis muSaoba – am mineralis monawileobiT xorcieldeba.
spilenZic aqtiurad monawileobs nivTierebaTa cvlis procesSi.

is aucilebelia rkinis asaTviseblad (monawileobs hemoglobinis
sinTezSi). mecnieruli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, spilenZi mniSvnelovan
rols asrulebs Zvlovani da xrtilovani qsovilis Camoyalibe-
baSi. ase rom, aqtiurad mzard organizms es elementi udavod
sWirdeba. spilenZs Seicavs: xorci, Tevzi, pur-funTuSeuli, rZe,
xili, kenkra.
TuTia fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis, monawileobs Jang-

va-aRdgeniT procesebSi. is nervuli da SemaerTebeli qsovilis
21
mniSvnelovani komponentia. dRe-RameSi 10 mg TuTia sakmarisia,
rom bavSvis organizmi adekvaturad ganviTardes. TuTiiT mdi-
daria xorbali da xorblis qato, batis xorci, lobio, barda,
simindi, saqonlisa da qaTmis xorci, Tevzi, saqonlis RviZli, rZe.
am elements Seicavs aseve vaSli, msxali, qliavi, alubali, karto-
fili, kombosto, Warxali da stafilo.
vitaminebisa da mineralebis, anu nutrientebis sakmarisi raodeno-

bis gansazRvra damokidebulia adamianis asakze, cxovrebis piro-
bebze, fizikur aqtivobaze, kvebis xarisxze. nutrientebis gan-
sakuTrebul saWiroebas grZnoben orsulebi, bavSvebi, mozardebi,
moxucebi da sportsmenebi.
wyali
ZiriTadi sakvebi nivTierebebisa da nutrientebis garda, adamianis
organizms yoveldRiurad garkveuli raodenobis wyali sWirdeba.
misi dRiuri doza ganisazRvreba amindisa da fizikuri aqtivobis
mixedviT da, rogorc wesi, 5-7 Wiqas Seadgens.
cocxali ujredi ver arsebobs wylis gareSe. wyali yvela or-

ganosa da qsovilis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. adamianis organizmis
60-65%-s wyali Seadgens. cnobilia, rom adamians SeuZlia Tveze
metxans iarsebos sakvebis gareSe, magram wylis gareSe ramdenime
dReSi daiRupeba. dadgenilia, rom dRis ganmavlobaSi adamianis
mier sakvebiTa da dasalevi wylis saxiT miRebuli siTxis saerTo
raodenoba, saSualod, 2-2,5 litrs Seadgens. swored es raodeno-
ba iTvleba wylis dRiur normad.
22
3. kveba mozardobis periodSi
mozardoba yvelaze mSvenieri da, amavdroulad, yvelaze rTuli

periodia adamianis cxovrebaSi. gardatexis asakSi bavSvi iwyebs ga-
dawyvetilebebis damoukideblad miRebas da TviTgamoxatvisTvis
amboxis gzas irCevs. udavo faqtia, rom mozardobis periodSi
ymawvilebis gastronomiuli gemovnebac icvleba. Catarda kvleva,
romlis mizans warmoadgenda bavSvebis erTi da imave jgufis gas-
tronomiuli gemovnebis Seswavla, roca isini iyvnen mesame klasSi
da, Semdgom, roca gaxdnen merveklaselebi. aRmoCnda, rom mer-
veklaselebi dRis ganmavlobaSi 41%-iT nakleb xils da 25%-iT
nakleb bostneuls miirTmeven, vidre maSin, roca mesame klasSi
iyvnen. garda amisa, mesameklaseli mozardebi xSirad amboben uars
sauzmeze da gacilebiT met tkbil gazian sasmels svamen.
gardatexis asakSi mkveTri hormonuli cvlilebebi mimdinareobs

– iwyeba swrafi zrda, sqesobrivi momwifeba. mozardebs uZlier-
debaT mada, radgan am dros organizmis energetikuli moTxovni-
leba gansakuTrebiT maRalia – daaxloebiT 50%-iT meti, vidre
imave wonis zrdasruli adamianis organizms SeiZleba hqondes.
mozardis organizms sWirdeba kalciumis, rkinis, TuTiis da В12

vitaminis meti raodenoba; rkina gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
mozardi gogonebisTvis. es nutrienti maT gacilebiT meti sWir-
debaT, vidre vaJebs.
mecnierebma didi xnis winaT daadastures, rom kveba zegavlenas

axdens bavSvis zrdisa da sqesobrivi momwifebis tempze. sqeso-
brivi momwifeba mniSvnelovnad gadavaddeba, Tuki bavSvi cudad
ikvebeba, icavs mkacr dietas an mZime fizikur samuSaos asrulebs.
23
dRevandeli problema imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tanamedrove bavS-
vebis racioni didi raodenobiT Seicavs xorcs, rZis produqtebsa
da cximian produqtebs. aseTi kaloriuli kveba, xilisa da bost-
neulis arasakmaris moxmarebasTan erTad, xSirad iwvevs Warbwonia-
nobas da simsuqnes. amas garda, arsebobs mtkicebuleba, rom kve-
bis aseTi reJimis gamo gogonebis sqesobrivi momwifeba gacilebiT
adreul asakSi iwyeba, rac eqimebis SeSfoTebas iwvevs: naadrevad
momwifebul gogonebSi ufro maRalia momavalSi ZuZus kibos gan-
viTarebis riski. cxoveluri warmoSobis produqtebis upiratesi
gamoyeneba arRvevs balanss organizmSi, rac aseve zrdis momaval-
Si sakvercxis, ZuZusa da prostatis kibos ganviTarebis risks.
evropisa da CrdiloeT amerikis qveynebSi, sadac ZiriTad sakveb

produqts xorci warmoadgens, sqesobrivi momwifebis procesi
ufro swrafad mimdinareobs, vidre aziisa da laTinuri amerikis
qveynebSi, sadac xorcproduqtebs naklebad moixmaren da kvebiTi
racioni, ZiriTadad, mcenareuli produqtebisgan Sedgeba.
sworad kveba sulac ar niSnavs romelime sakvebis amoRebas racio-
nidan – is gulisxmobs organizmisTvis mravalferovani produqtis
saWiro raodenobiT miwodebas. ar arsebobs konkretuli dieta,
yvela saxis sakvebi unda Sediodes yoveldRiur meniuSi. mTavaria
balansis dacva! adamianis organizms didi raodenobiT esaWiroe-
ba garkveuli jgufis produqtebi, sxvebi ki – SedarebiT mcire
doziT.
adamianis organizmi sakvebis saSualebiT iRebs im energias, ro-

melic mas sasicocxlo funqciebis uzrunvelsayofad sWirdeba
(igulisxmeba sunTqva, sisxlis mimoqceva, moZraobada sxva). 1 ka-
loria energiis gansazRvruli raodenobaa da udris im siTbur
24
energias, rac 1 kg wylis 10C-iT gasacxeleblad aris saWiro (erTi
kaloria sinamdvileSi kilokalorias niSnavs, magram simartivis-
Tvis kilokaloria kaloriam Caanacvla).
miRebuli kaloriebis `moneleba~ pirdapir kavSirSia mimRebis

sxeulis wonasTan da aqtivobasTan. Tu miRebuli kaloriebis
raodenoba daxarjuli kaloriebis raodenobas mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba, dairRveva balansi da moxdeba Warbi wonis akumulire-
ba. daxarjulze naklebi kaloriebis miReba ki sapirispirod – wo-
nis daklebas gamoiwvevs. sxvadasxva adamianis organizms energiis
gansxvavebuli raodenoba sWirdeba. kaloriebis saWiro dRiuri
norma damokidebulia asakze, sqesze, wonasa da fizikur aqtivo-
baze. saskolo asakis bavSvebs dReSi 1,600-dan 2,500-mde kaloria
esaWiroebaT.
miuxedavad imisa, rom sakvebi mravali komponentisgan Sedgeba, ka-

loriebs mxolod oTxi wyarodan viRebT: naxSirwylebisgan, cile-
bisgan, cximebisgan da alkoholisgan. naxSirwylebisa da cilebis
yoveli grami 4 kalorias Seicavs, TiTo grami alkoholi - 7 ka-
lorias, cximebi - 9 kalorias. anu, Tu miviRebT sakvebs, romelic
10 gram cxims Seicavs, mxolod cximidan 90 kalorias miviRebT.
nebismieri sakvebi, romlis kvebiTi Rirebuleba Semcveli kalo-

riebis raodenobis Tanafardia, dabalansebul da, Sesabamisad,
janmrTel sakvebad SegviZlia miviCnioT. aseT produqtebs mie-
kuTvneba marcvleuli, xil-bostneuli, mWle xorci, frinvelis
TeTri xorci da dabalcximiani rZis produqtebi. im kategoriis
produqtebs Soris, romlebic kaloriebis garda bevrs arafers
Seicaven, liderobs namcxvari, jemi, muraba da Sokoladi. sasme-
lebSi aseTia ludi, Rvino da magari alkoholuri sasmelebi.
25
sxeulis formisa da janmrTelobis SesanarCuneblad Cven mier

miRebuli kaloriebis 60% unda modiodes naxSirwylebidan (marc-
vleuli, bostneuli), cilebidan miRebulma kaloriebma 15%-s ar
unda gadaaWarbos, xolo cximidan miRebuli kaloriebi 30%-mde
unda SevamciroT.
qvemoT warmodgenili suraTi asaxavs, Tu rogor unda gamoiyure-

bodes mozardis dRiuri meniu sworad kvebis dros (`jansaRi Tef-
Si~):
26
dabalansebuli kveba gulisxmobs:
1. xili da bostneuli sakvebis 1/3-s unda Seadgendes, adamianma mini-

mum 5 ulufa unda miirTvas yoveldRe. xili da bostneuli Seica-
vs sxvadasxva vitaminsa da minerals, ujrediss, romelic uzrun-
velyofs saWmlis momnelebeli sistemis optimalur muSaobasa da
maZRrobis grZnobis didi xniT SenarCunebas. sasurvelia, dRis
ganmavlobaSi miRebuli xil-bostneulis xuTi ulufa SeZlebis-
dagvarad moicavdes yvela saxeobas.
2. saxameblis Semcveli sakvebi (puri, brinji, kartofili, makaroni

da sxva) unda Seadgendes yoveldRiuri racionis 1/3-s. is organiz-
misTvis energiis umTavresi wyaroa. umjobesia am saxis produqti
miviRoT daufqvavad, radgan ase ufro met vitamins, mineralsa da
ujrediss Seicavs. saxameblis Semcveli produqtebi uzrunvel-
yofs energiis nela gamoTavisuflebas da warmoadgens SesaniSnav
sakvebs wonis daklebis msurvelTaTvis, radgan saerTod ar Sei-
cavs cxims. saxameblis Semcveli sakvebi umjobesia moxarSoT an
SewvaT grilze, yovelgvari danamatebis gareSe.
3. rZe da rZis nawarmi. dRiur meniuSi rZis produqtebis 2- 3 ulufa

unda Sediodes, raTa adamianma miiRos organizmisTvis saWiro kal-
ciumis doza. aRniSnul jgufSi Sedis yveli, mawoni (iogurti), na-
duRi; ar Sedis karaqi, margarini an naRebi, romlebic, didi raode-
nobiT cximebis Semcvelobis gamo, maRalkaloriul sakvebs ganeku-
Tvneba. rZis produqtebi, garda ZvlebisTvis aucilebeli kalciu-
misa da cilebisa, Seicavs A da B12 vitaminebs. cximebis Semcveloba
sxvadasxva rZis produqtSi gansxvavebulia da, ZiriTadad, najeri
cximovani mJavebis saxiT aris warmodgenili. umjobesia, arCevani
ucximo rZis produqtebze SevaCeroT, radgan sasargeblo nivTiere-
bebis miRebasTan erTad ar moxdeba cximiT organizmis datvirTva.
4. xorcis, Tevzis, kvercxis, lobiosa da cilebis sxva wyaros miReba

rekomendebulia dReSi 2-3-jer. cilebi mniSvnelovania organizmis
funqcionirebisTvis da uzrunvelyofs mas vitaminebiTa da mine-
ralebiT. xorci rkinisa da B12 vitaminis wyaroa, magram, SesaZloa,
sisxlSi qolesterinis done gazardos, radgan didi raodeno-
biT najer cximebs Seicavs. aucilebelia Tevzis miReba, radgan
is didi raodenobiT Seicavs gulisTvis sasargeblo, poliujeri
cximovani mJavebis kompleqss – omega-3-s. misi wyaroa nebismieri
27
saxeobis cximiani Tevzi, aseve, zogierTi mcenareuli (gansaku-
TrebiT, kaklis, selis) zeTi.
5. unda SeizRudos cximebis/ Saqris Semcveli sakvebisa da sasmele-

bis miReba. es jgufi moicavs tkbileuls, namcxvrebs, Sokolads,
gazian sasmelsa da Cipsebs, agreTve im cximebsa da zeTebs, Saqarsa
da marils, romlebsac sakvebis momzadebis dros viyenebT. cximis
saerTo raodenobis kontrolTan erTad, unda vecadoT, miviRoT
sasargeblo ujeri cximebi. gaziani sasmelebis umetesoba Seicavs
didi raodenobiT Saqars da, Sesabamisad – kaloriebs, amitom um-
jobesia maTi SezRudva.
4. bavSvTa kveba da daavadebebi
bavSvebSi da mozardebSi araswori kvebis uaryofiTi Sedegebi mo-

mavalSi SeiZleba gamovlindes Warbi wonis, diabetis an simsivnu-
ri daavadebis saxiT, Tumca SeiZleba es ufro adreul asakSic
moxdes: bavSvebSi mravali daavadeba, maT Soris, alergia, bronqu-
li asTma, yuris infeqciebi, Sekruloba, tipi1-Saqriani diabeti
da sxvadasxva saxis gamonayari – pirdapir kavSirSia kvebasTan.
infeqciebTan brZola
mozardi (iseve rogorc zrdasruli) organizmisTvis gansakuTre-
buli mniSvneloba eniWeba imunur sistemas, romelic pasuxismge-
belia, daicvas organizmi ucxo agentebis (virusebis, baqteriebis,
mikroorganizmebis) SeWrisagan. sasargeblo sakvebi aZlierebs
imunitets, mavne sakvebi ki piriqiT – asustebs.
bevr qveyanaSi miRebulia gaciebis dros didi raodenobiT xilis

an xilis wvenis miReba. wvenSi arsebuli vitamini С, aseve beta-ka-
rotini da vitamini Е aZlierebs imunitets da organizmi ufro
Zlierad ebrZvis infeqcias.
am nutrientebis yoveldRiuri dozis sakvebiT uzrunvelyofa

araviTar sirTules ar warmoadgens – mkveTri feris xili da
bostneuli С vitaminisa da beta-karotinis saukeTeso wyaroa. Е
vitamins Seicavs bostneuli, marcvleuli, Txileuli. cnobilia,
rom vitamini С amcirebs gaciebisa da gripiT daavadebis albaTo-
28
bas, magram Tu mainc SegeyrebaT gripis virusi, aCqarebs gamojan-
mrTelebas.
imunuri sistemis efeqturi funqcionireba aseve damokidebulia

organizmSi cximisa da qolesterinis Semcvelobaze – rac ufro
maRalia qolesterinis done sisxlSi, miT ufro uZneldeba imu-
nuri sistemis ujredebs – limfocitebs – infeqciebTan brZola.
Tavis mxriv, qolesterinis done pirdapir kavSirSia miRebul sak-
vebTan. maqsimalurad unda SeizRudos cxoveluri cximebis mox-
mareba.
alergia
alergiisken midrekileba, nawilobriv, memkvidreobiT aris ganpi-
robebuli. Tuki romelime mSobels aqvs alergia, albaToba imisa,
rom bavSvsac eqneba daavadebis simptomebi, daaxloebiT 30%-is
tolia; xolo Tu orive mSobeli alergiulia, bavSvSi alergiuli
reaqciebis gamovlinebis albaToba 65%-mde izrdeba.
alergiaze an organizmis momatebul mgrZnobelobaze mniSvnelo-

van zegavlenas axdens sakvebi. magaliTad, kersetini, bunebrivi
fitoqimiuri nivTiereba, romelic bevr bostneulSi gvxvdeba,
xels uSlis histaminis gamoTavisuflebas da amiT amcirebs aler-
giul reaqcias. kersetins Seicavs wiTeli yurZeni, yviTeli yaba-
yi, prasi, xaxvi da brokoli.
29
organizmis anTebiT reaqciebs С vitaminic amcirebs. cxovelu-
ri warmoSobis produqtebisgan gansxvavebiT, mcenareuli produ-
qtebis didi nawili exmareba organizms alergiasTan gamklave-
baSi. erT-erTi kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom indoel bavSveb-
Si, romlebic tradiciuli induri sakvebiT ikvebebian, gacile-
biT naklebi iyo alergiis simptomebi, vidre maT TanatolebSi,
romlebsac tipuri dasavluri kvebis racioni hqondaT.
kvebiTi alergia
bevr adamians awuxebs alergia an organizmis momatebuli mgrZ-
nobeloba sakvebi produqtebis mimarT. nebismierma sakvebma pro-
duqtma SesaZloa gamoiwvios alergiuli reaqcia. alergiis sxva
formebis msgavsad, kvebiTi alergiis drosac xdeba imunuri sis-
temis hiperreaqcia, rac iwvevs SeSupebas, gamonayars, faRaraTs.
im alergenebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic organizmSi sasunTqi

sistemis gziT xvdeba (mag., alergia mcenaris mtverze), kvebiTi
alergenebi organizmSi saWmlis momnelebeli traqtidan aRwevs.
kvebiTi alergiis dros wamyvani roli eniWeba specifikur an-
tisxeuls – imunoglobulins (IgA), romelic cdilobs, ebrZolos
antigenebs. xSirad, kvebiTi alergiis mqone bavSvebis sisxlSi
IgA-s done Zalian dabalia da garkveulma sakvebma produqtebma,
SesaZloa, kidev ufro daamZimos mdgomareoba. aseTia, magaliTad,
margarini.
30
gavrcelebuli kvebiTi alergenebi
xSirad kvebiTi zemgrZnobelobis mizezad rZis produqtebi gve-

vlineba. am SemTxvevaSi problemas qmnis rZis cila da ara cximi,
amitom aseT situaciaSi dabalcximiani rZis produqtebi proble-
mas ver gadaWris. aseve, gavrcelebul alergenebs miekuTvneba
kvercxi, araqisi da sxva Txileuli, simindi, xorbali, Tevzi.
bronquli asTma
asTma bavSvobis asakSi rTulad eqvemdebareba mkurnalobas. sxva-
dasxva qveyanaSi mecnierebma SeamCnies kavSiri dasavlur urbanis-
tul cxovrebis wessa da alergiiTa da asTmiT daavadebas Soris.
daavadebis potenciur gamomwvevebs Soris asaxeleben garemos da-
binZurebas, mwevel mSoblebsa da kvebas.
erT-erTi kvleviT dadginda, rom asTma dakavSirebulia xilis,

bostneulisa da Е vitaminis arasakmaris moxmarebasTan, aseve
swrafi kvebis obieqtebiT xSir sargeblobasTan.
asTmis Setevebis profilaqtikisTvis sakvebi racioni unda Se-

dgebodes xilisgan, bostneulisgan, parkosnebisgan, burRuleu-
lisgan da didi raodenobiT sufTa wylisagan. rZis produqtebi
saerTod unda amoviRoT racionidan.
31
Tavi 2.
aqtivobebi
aqtivoba 1. Cemi sayvareli kerZi
mizani: sakvebis 5 ZiriTad jgufSi Semavali produqtebis

kvebis yoveldRiur racionSi CarTvis aucileblobis gacnobiereba.
asaki: 15-17 weli; dro: 40 wT
resursebi: dafa, carci; dro: 40 wT
msvleloba
maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs sityvebiT: `daxuWeT Tvalebi da

warmoidgineT Tqveni sayvareli sakvebi produqti an kerZi. dafi-
qrdiT, rogori gemo aqvs, rogori struqtura, feri, ra SegrZne-
bebs iwvevs am kerZis Wama~.
Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gauziaron klass Ta-

vianTi nafiqri da dafaze afiqsirebs im sityvebs, romelTa saSua-
lebiTac aRweren ama Tu im kerZs/sakvebs. mag., struqtura –
rbili, xraSuna, mSrali; gemo – tkbili, mJave, cxare; SegrZnebebi
– siTbo, komforti, simSvide, energiis mozRvaveba da sxv.
32
individualuri muSaoba. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, Ta-
vianT rveulebSi Caweron pasuxebi Semdeg kiTxvebze:
1. ra aris Tqveni sayvareli sakvebi/kerZi?

2. ra ingredientebisgan Sedgeba Tqveni sayvareli sakvebi/
kerZi?
3. ratom aris es kerZi TqvenTvis sayvareli? (miniSneba: raime
mogoneba xom ar aris dakavSirebuli am kerZTan, romelime
adamians xom ar gagonebT da a.S.)
4. rogor aRuwerdiT sxvas am kerZs? (miniSneba: daaxloebiT
10 an meti sityviT aRwereT es kerZi - rogor gamoiyureba,
rogori gemo da feri aqvs, rogori struqtura aqvs da ras
grZnobT, roca mas miirTmevT.)
rodesac moswavleebi daasruleben individualur muSaobas,

maswavlebeli sTxovs ramdenime moxalises, klass gauziaron Ta-
vianTi pasuxebi dasmul kiTxvebze. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli svams
SekiTxvebs: ras niSnavs janmrTelad yofna? ras unda Wamdes adamia-
ni, rom iyos janmrTeli? moswavleTa pasuxebi fiqsirdeba dafaze.
yvelaze xSiri pasuxi moswavleebisgan am kiTxvaze aris: unda Wamo
xili da bostneuli. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs eub-
neba, rom xilisa da bostneulis yoveldRiurad miReba jansaRi
kvebisaTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom is sakvebis 5 gansxvavebu-
li jgufidan 2 mniSvnelovan jgufs warmoadgens da svams kiTxvas:
iciT Tu ara, ra Sedis sakvebis danarCen 3 jgufSi? pasuxebi fiqsir-
deba dafaze.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli klass aCvenebs slaids, romelzec ga-

mosaxulia TefSi sakvebis 5 ZiriTadi jgufiT: xili, bostneu-
li, marcvleuli, cilis Semcveli produqtebi da rZis nawarmi da
uxsnis moswavleebs, rom es gamosaxuleba Segvaxsenebs jansaRi,
dabalansebuli kvebis arss: aucilebelia yoveldRiurad sakvebis
miReba xuTive jgufidan, amasTan, TiToeuli jgufis proporcia
unda iyos iseTi, rogoric suraTze gamosaxul TefSze Cans (`jan-
saRi TefSi~).
33
maswavlebeli ganmartavs, rom bostneulis jgufi 5 qvejgufad

iyofa: mwvane, wiTeli, narinjisferi, parkosnebi, saxameblis Sem-
cveli da sxva (mag., Warxali, soko, niori). sxvadasxva qvejgufis
bostneulis Wama saSualebas aZlevs adamians, miiRos mravalfe-
rovani sakvebi da ufro saintereso da mimzidveli gaxados kvebis
racioni.
mwvane bostneuli wiTeli bostneuli narinjisferi bostneuli
34
parkosnebi saxameblis Semcveli bostneuli
Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs uxsnis, rom marcvleulis jgu-

fic 2 qvejgufad iyofa. manamde ganmartavs, ra aris marcvleuli:
nebismieri sakvebi, romelic mzaddeba xorblisgan, brinjisgan, qe-
risgan, Svriisgan, aris marcvleulis produqti. es aris puri, maka-
ronis nawarmi, burRuleuli. marcvleulis qvejgufebSi erTiande-
ba srulmarcvlovani da damuSavebuli produqtebi. sruli marcva-
li Seicavs marcvlis srulyofil birTvs: garss (qatos), Canasaxs da
endosperms. srulmarcvlovan produqtebs miekuTvneba yavisferi
brinji, uxeSad daRerRili marcvlisgan gamomcxvari puri, Svriis
burRuli, popkorni da sxv. marcvlis wvrilad dafqva anadgurebs
ujredisis Semcvel garss da marcvlis Canasaxs, aseve aSorebs mas-
Si Semaval vitaminebs, mineralebs da rCeba saxamebeli. marcvlis
rafinirebuli produqtebis magaliTebia TeTri puri, mWadi, Cveu-
lebrivi makaroni, TeTri brinji, orcxobila, namcxvari.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, dafiqrdnen, ramdenad srul-

yofilad aris warmodgenili maT sayvarel kerZSi sakvebis xuTi
jgufi. Tuki ase ar aris, ra unda Secvalon, ra unda miirTvan da-
matebiT, rom maTi sayvareli kerZi ufro dabalansebuli gaxdes?
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli saSinao davalebas aZlevs moswavleebs
da sTxovs, daxaton TavianTi sayvareli kerZis modificirebuli,
gaumjobesebuli varianti.
sasargeblo internetbmulebi:
http://teamnutrition.usda.gov
www.chooseMyPlate.gov
35
aqtivoba 2. viqtorina `sakvebis 5 jgufi ~
mizani: sakvebis 5 ZiriTadi jgufisa da maTSi Semavali

produqtebis Sesaxeb codnis ganmtkiceba
resursebi: furceli kiTxvebisa da pasuxebis CamonaTva-

liT; simboluri prizi
msvleloba
maswavlebeli klass yofs 5-6-kacian gundebad da ewyoba viqtorina:
maswavlebeli svams SekiTxvebs. gundebs TiToeul SekiTxvaze pasu-
xis mosafiqreblad eZlevaT 30 wami. swori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
gundi iRebs 1 qulas. SekiTxvebi Tavidan martivia, magram Tanda-
Tan rTuldeba; iqneba bonus-qulebic.
SekiTxvebi:
1. kvebis dros Tqveni TefSis ra nawils unda iWerdes xili da
bostneuli? (naxevars)
2. sakvebis romel jgufebs Seicavs pica sokoTi da ZexviT?
(cilovani produqti: xorci; bostneuli: pomidori; marc-
vleuli: puris fqvili; rZis nawarmi: yveli)
3. sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba zRvis produqtebi (kre-
vetebi, midiebi da sxv.)? (cilovani)
4. sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba mawoni? (rZis produqtebi)
5. lobio da barda gansakuTrebuli produqtebia. isini sak-
vebis 2 jgufSi arian warmodgenili. romelia es jgufebi?
(bostneuli da cilovani produqtebi)
6. sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba 100% forToxlis wveni?
(xili)
36
7. daasaxeleT srulmarcvlovani produqtebis 2 warmomad-
geneli (SesaZloa, pasuxebi gansxvavebuli iyos, mag., yavis-
feri brinji, uxeSad daRerRili marcvlisgan gamomcxvari
puri an am marcvlisgan damzadebuli makaroni, Svriis bu-
rRuli, popkorni)
8. sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba wyali? (arc erTs. ma-
gram wyali aucilebeli nutrientia da zogierTi xili da
bostneuli _ mag., kitri, niaxuri, forToxali, pomidori,
sazamTro _ wylis maRali SemcvelobiT xasiaTdeba.)
9. sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba mwvane, wiTeli, narin-
jisferi parkosnebi, saxameblis Semcveli produqtebi?
(bostneuli)
10. ra aris brinjis srulmarcvlovani alternativa? (yavisfe-
ri brinji)
11. daasaxeleT bostneulisa da xilis oTxi saxeoba, romlebic
erTsa da imave asoze iwyeba. bonusi – 5 qula(mag., kitri,
kombosto, kama, kivi.)
12. blic-kiTxva: (1) sakvebis romeli jgufebia gamotovebuli am
CamonaTvalSi: Tevzi, lobio, kombosto, yveli (marcvleu-
li, xili); (2) daasaxeleT am ori gamotovebuli jgufis 2-2
warmomadgeneli. bonusi – 2 qula.
13. nigozi, Txili da nuSi sakvebis romel jgufs miekuTvneba?
(Txileuli, cilovani sakvebi)
14. SeadgineT Tqveni sauzmis meniu sakvebis 4 jgufis warmoma-
dgenlebisgan: cilovani produqti, xili, bostneuli, rZis
nawarmi. bonusi – 4 qula.(pasuxebi gansxvavebuli iqneba.
mag., ruxi puri, moxarSuli kvercxi, vaSli, ucximo rZe.)
damatebiTi ganmarteba/rekomendaciebi maswavlebels:

daamateT SekiTxvebi Tqveni Sexedulebisamebr. gamarjvebul
gunds gadaeciT simboluri prizi.
http://teamnutrition.usda.gov
www.chooseMyPlate.gov
37
aqtivoba 3. rogor vikvebebiT?
mizani: jansaRi kvebis arsis gacnobiereba
asaki: 14-17 w.; dro: 35-40 wT
resursebi: 1.kvebiTi Cvevebis Sefasebis kiTxvari TiToeu-

li moswavlisTvis; 2. jansaRi kvebis personaluri samoqmedo geg-
ma TiToeuli moswavlisTvis.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli urigebs moswavleebs kvebiTi

Cvevebis Sefasebis kiTxvars da mimarTavs klass: `daviwyebT Tq-
veni kvebiTi Cvevebis SefasebiT. es kiTxvari aris mxolod Tqven-
Tvis, SegiZliaT, sxvebs ar aCvenoT Sedegebi. is dagexmarebaT, Se-
afasoT, ramdenad jansaRia Tqveni yoveldRiuri kveba da rogor
SeiZleba Tqveni kvebiTi Cvevebis gaumjobeseba. daviwyoT. kiTxva-
ris Sesavsebad geZlevaT 10 wuTi.~
kvebiTi Cvevebis Sefasebis kiTxvari
es kiTxvari saSualebas mogcemT, SeafasoT, ramdenad jansaRia

amJamad Tqveni kvebiTi Cvevebi. qvemoT mocemulia kiTxvebi
savaraudo pasuxebiT. airCieT mxolod erTi pasuxi, romelic
yvelaze metad SegesabamebaT da „Tqveni qulebis“ svetSi
CasviT pasuxis Sesabamisi qula.
38
qulebi Tqveni
qula
1. Cveulebriv, dReSi ramdenjer iReb sakvebs?
‘ samjer 3
‘ oTxjer an xuTjer 3
‘ orjer 1
‘ erTxel vWam da bevrs 0
2. rogor sauzmes miirTmev?

‘ karaqiani puri, da/an 1
Semwvari kvercxi da/an
Zexvi, sosisi
‘ burRuleuli 3
‘ namcxvari da/an sxva 1
comeuli da yava
‘ xili da/an wveni 3
‘ saerTod ar vsauzmob 0
an mxolod yavas vsvam
3. ramden ulufa bostneuls miirTmev yoveldRe?
1 ulufa aris:
→ 125 ml (1/2 Wiqa) cocxali bostneuli
→ 250 ml (1 Wiqa) mwvane salaTa
→ erTi cali xili an 125 ml (1/2 Wiqa) cocxali
xili
→ 125 ml (1/2 Wiqa) 100%-ani xilis wveni
‘ 1-dan 3-mde 0
‘ 4-5 ulufa 2
‘ 6 da meti ulufa 3
4. ramdenad xSirad miirTmev mwvane da narinjisfer
bostneuls (mag., kombostos, mwvane salaTs, ispanaxs,
mwvanils, bulgarul wiwakas, stafilos, mwvane
lobios da sxv.)
‘ arasodes 0
‘ TveSi orjer 1
‘ kviraSi samjer 2
‘ yoveldRe 3
39
5. miirTmev Tu ara msxvilmarcvlovan burRuleuls,

mag., yavisjer brinjs, wiwiburas, Svrias an qatos?
‘ arasodes 0
‘ xandaxan 1
‘ Zalian xSirad 3
6. rogor rZes svam?
‘ cxiamians (3%-ze meti) 1
‘ dabalcximians 2
‘ ucximos 3
‘ saerTod ar vsvam 0
7. ramdenad xSirad miirTmev Tevzs (moxarSuli,
Semwvari, Sebolili, Tevzis konservi)
‘ arasodes 0
‘ Zalian iSviaTad 1
‘ kviraSi erTxel 2
‘ kviraSi orjer mainc 3
8. Cveulebriv, ramxelaa xorcis (saqonlis, Roris an
frinvelis) ulufa, romelsac Sen miirTmev?
‘ momzadebuli 0
daaxloebiT puris 3
naWris xelaa (225 grami)
‘ momzadebuli 2
daaxloebiT puris 2
naWris xelaa (150 grami)
‘ momzadebuli 3
daaxloebiT puris 1
naWeris xelaa (75 grami)
9. romel zeTs an cxims amateb sakvebs an iyeneb sakvebis
mosamzadeblad?
‘ karaqi, margarini 0
‘ mcenareuli zeTebi 2
‘ xan karaqs da 1
margarins, xan kidev
zeTs
40
10. ufro xSirad romel sasmels svam?

‘ wyals 3
‘ 100% wvens 1
‘ dabalcximian an 2
ucximo rZes
‘ yavas an Cais 1
‘ dietur kolas an sxva 0
dietur gamagrilebel
sasmels
‘ Cveulebriv kolas 0
an sxva gamagrilebel
sasmels
‘ tkbil cxel sasmels 0
(kapuCino, late da sxv.)
‘ energetikul -1
sasmelebs
11. ZiriTad kvebebs Soris SualedebSi waxemsebisas ras
aniWeb upiratesobas?
‘ xili, bostneuli, 3
mawoni, Txileuloba
‘ Cifsebi 0
‘popkorni 1
‘ namcxvari, 0
tkbileuli
‘ SualedebSi arafers 1
vWam
12. ramdenad xSirad ikvebebi saxlis gareT (restoranSi,
kafeSi, barSi, swrafi kvebis obieqtSi)?
‘ TiTqmis yoveldRe 0
‘ kviraSi 3-4-jer 0
‘ kviraSi erTxel 2
‘ TveSi erTxel an 3
ufro iSviaTad
41
SeajameT Tqveni qulebi.

ramdenad jansaRia Tqveni kvebiTi Cvevebi?
28-36: SesaniSnavia! Tqven jansaRad ikvebebiT!

21-27: Zalian kargia. ase gaagrZeleT
12-20: garkveuli cvlilebebi gaqvT Sesatani Tqvens kvebiT
CvevebSi
12-ze naklebi: sruliad Sesacvleli gaqvT kvebiTi Cvevebi
individualuri muSaoba: moswavleebi avseben kiTxvars. roca

yvela daasrulebs, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daajamon
sakuTari qulebi da awvdis informacias dabalansebuli kvebis
Sesaxeb (informacia ix. gv. 27-28).
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs klass, daubrundnen TavianT Se-

vsebul kiTxvars, gadaxedon TiToeul kiTxvas da dafiqrdnen, ra
aqvT Sesacvleli TavianT kvebiT CvevebSi.
jgufuri diskusia. maswavlebeli svams kiTxvas: rogor unda gan-

vaxorcieloT cvlilebebi Cvens kvebiT CvevebSi?
individualuri muSaoba. maswavlebeli urigebs moswavleebs jan-

saRi kvebis personalur samoqmedo gegmas da mimarTavs moswa-
vleebs: àdamianebis umravlesobisTvis arajansaRi kvebiTi Cveve-
bis Secvla arcTu ise rTulia. es niSnavs mciredi cvlilebebis
Setanas kvebiT reJimSi, kerZod, Tu ra produqtebs movixmarT,
rogor vamzadebT mas da ra raodenobiT mivirTmevT. es ar moi-
Txovs gansakuTrebul Zalisxmevas. kidev erTxel gadaxedeT Tqven
mier Sevsebul kiTxvars da dafiqrdiT, ris Secvlas isurvebdiT.
aarCieT 1-2 iseTi cvlileba, romlis ganxorcielebac ar gagiWir-
debaT. es ar niSnavs, rom sruliad uari TqvaT Tqvens sayvarel
produqtebze an miirTvaT is, rac ar mogwonT. piriqiT, airCieT
mcire, realisturi cvlilebebi, moifiqreT, rogor ganaxorcie-
lebT maT da SeavseT Tqveni piradi samoqmedo gegma~.
individualuri muSaoba. moswavleebi avseben samoqmedo gegmas.

roca yvela Seasrulebs davalebas, maswavlebeli sTxovs moswa-
vleebs, ramdenimem gauziaros jgufs, ra cvlilebebi dagegma da
rogor apirebs maT ganxorcielebas.
42
jansaRi kvebis personaluri samoqmedo gegma
→ airCieT mcire cvlileba, romlis ganxorcielebasac uproblemod SeZlebT

→ cadeT, maqsimalurad daakonkretoT, ris gakeTebas apirebT
cvlilebebi, romlebic unda ganvaxorcielo Cemi kvebiTi Cvevebis

Sesacvlelad:
1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
ram SeiZleba SegiSaloT xeli jansaRi cvlilebebisken mimaval gzaze

momavali kviris ganmavlobaSi?
1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
rogor moagvarebT xelisSemSlel problemebs?
1. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
ramdenad darwmunebuli xarT, rom SeZlebT dagegmili cvlilebebis

ganxorcielebas?
srulad darwmunebuli ar var darwmunebuli var

savsebiT darwmunebuli var
damatebiTi ganmarteba/rekomendaciebi maswavlebels

Sevsebuli personaluri samoqmedo gegmis nimuSi
43
jansaRi kvebis personaluri samoqmedo gegma
→ airCieT mcire cvlileba, romlis ganxorcielebasac uproblemod SeZlebT

→ cadeT, maqsimalurad daakonkretoT, ris gakeTebas apirebT
cvlilebebi, romlebic unda ganvaxorcielo Cemi kvebiTi Cvevebis

Sesacvlelad:
1. vWamo bostneulis salaTa sadilze kviraSi samjer mainc _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_____________________________________________________
2. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
____________________________________________________
ram SeiZleba SegiSaloT xeli jansaRi cvlilebebisken mimaval gzaze

momavali kviris ganmavlobaSi?
1. SesaZloa, dedas ar ecalos, rom salaTa momizados _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

____________________________________________________
2. ar miyvars umi bostneuli _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

____________________________________________________
rogor moagvarebT xelisSemSlel problemebs?
1. me TviTon movamzadeb salaTs, Sevinaxav macivarSi da 3 dRis ganmav

lobaSi mivirTmev _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
2. salaTs Zmars movasxam, raTa bostneuli ufro gemrieli gaxdes _ _ _ _

____________________________________________________
ramdenad darwmunebuli xarT, rom SeZlebT dagegmili cvlilebebis

ganxorcielebas?
srulad darwmunebuli ar var darwmunebuli var

savsebiT darwmunebuli var
www.healthcanada.gc.ca/foodguide
www.EatRightOntario.ca
44
aqtivoba 4. TamaSi `vin var me?~
mizani: sakvebis 5 ZiriTadi jgufisa da maTSi Semavali

produqtebis Sesaxeb codnis ganmtkiceba
asaki: 12-17 weli; dro: 40-45 wT
resursebi: mcire zomis baraTebi sakvebis gamosaxulebiT

an sakvebis aRmniSvneli warweriT, nivTmtkicebebis baraTebi
msvleloba: maswavlebeli klass sTavazobs TamaSs `vin var

me?~ – moswavleebma unda gamoicnon sakvebi produqti. amisTvis
maT urigdebaT nivTmtkicebebis baraTebi, romlebic unda gamoi-
yenon SekiTxvebisa da pasuxebis CasaniSnad da eZlevaT ramdenime
wuTi, raTa TiToeulma moifiqros SekiTxvebi da Caweros bara-
TebSi. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli klass ukiTxavs savaraudo Seki-
Txvebs:
→ bostneuli var?
→ cilovani sakvebi var?
→ mwvane var?
→ mrgvali var?
→ xeze vizrdebi?
→ zRvaSi vcxovrob?
→ Wamis dros xraSuna var?
→ wvniani var?
→ maqvs Tu ara kurka?
→ sasmeli var?
→ sauzmeze mimirTmeven?
→ tkbili var? da a. S.
45
maswavlebeli Seaxsenebs klass, rom SekiTxvebis dasmis dros gai-
Tvaliswinon adamianis 5 grZnoba: mxedveloba, smena, gemovneba,
ynosva da Sexeba. moswavleebs kidev ramdenime wuTi eZlevaT da-
matebiTi SekiTxvebis CasaniSnad da iwyeba TamaSi.
TiToeuli moswavlis zurgze maswavlebeli amagrebs baraTs sak-

vebi produqtis gamosaxulebiT, an am produqtis aRmniSvneli
warweriT ise, rom baraTis mflobelma ar icis, ra aweria zurgze.
amis Semdeg moswavleebi iwyeben klasSi moZraobas da usvamen erT-
maneTs SekiTxvebs. Tuki moswavle SekiTxvaze iRebs pasuxs àra~,
maSin Semdegi kiTxviT unda gadavides sxva moswavlesTan. roca
moswavle gamoicnobs, ra aweria zurgze, jdeba. TamaSi grZeldeba
15-20 wuTis ganmavlobaSi. Tuki romelimes gauWirda gamocnoba,
maswavlebeli mas exmareba – awvdis SekiTxvebs.
roca yvela moswavle gamoicnobs, Tu romel sakveb produqts

`warmoadgens~, maswavlebeli klass sTxovs, dajgufdnen ise, rom
Seadginon sakvebis 5 ZiriTadi jgufi.
bolos, maswavlebeli kidev erTxel Seaxsenebs moswavleebs, rom

jansaRi, dabalansebuli kveba gulisxmobs yoveldRiurad sakve-
bis miRebas xuTive jgufidan, amasTan, TiToeuli jgufis pro-
porcia unda iyos iseTi, rogoric suraTze gamosaxul TefSzea
(`jansaRi TefSi~):
46
Tu dro darCa, maswavlebeli moswavleebs sTxovs, bostneulis
jgufi 5 qvejgufad dayon: mwvane, wiTeli, narinjisferi, parkosne-
bi, saxameblis Semcveli. Sejamebis dros maswavlebeli xazs usvams,
rom sxvadasxva qvejgufis bostneulis miReba saSualebas aZlevs
adamians, mravalferovani sakvebi nivTierebebi miiRos da ufro
saintereso da mimzidveli gaxados sakuTari kvebis racioni.

winaswar gaamzadeT mcire zomis baraTebi ama Tu im sakvebis gamo-
saxulebiT an sakvebis aRmniSvneli warweriT (monawileTa raode-
nobis mixedviT). baraTebze gamosaxuli unda iyos sakvebi xuTive
ZiriTadi jgufidan: xili, bostneuli, marcvleuli, cilis Semc-
veli produqtebi da rZis nawarmi; amas garda, aucileblad Seita-
neT produqtebi bostneulis xuTive qvejgufidan: mwvane, wiTeli,
narinjisferi, parkosnebi, saxameblis Semcveli da sxva.
47
baraTebi sakvebis gamosaxulebiT (nimuSi)
48
nivTmtkicebebis baraTi
saxeli -------------------------------
axla Tqven unda CaerToT TamaSSi `vin var me?~, romelSic moagrovebT ni-
vTmtkicebebs imis gasarkvevad, romeli sakvebi produqti `xarT~. nivTm-
tkicebebis Sesagroveblad CamowereT 10 kiTxva. Tqven kiTxvebs unda gae-
ces pasuxi `diax~ an àra~. pasuxebis mixedviT unda gamoicnoT, vin xarT.
10 kiTxva:
1. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
2. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
3. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
5. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
6. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
7. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
8. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
9. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- diax ara
10. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ diax ara
vin var me?---------------------------------------------------------------------
sakvebis romel jgufs mivekuTvnebi?----------------------------------
sxva romel sakvebTan erTad unda mimirTvan?------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sasargeblo internetbmuli:
www.chooseMyPlate.gov/food-groups
49
aqtivoba 5. statia sakvebze
mizani: 1. jansaRi kvebis arsisa da mniSvnelobis gacnobie-

reba; 2. moswavleebis SemoqmedebiTi unarebis waxaliseba.
asaki: 12-14 w.; dro: 45 wT
resursebi: mcire zomis baraTebi sakvebis gamosaxulebiT

an sakvebis aRmniSvneli warweriT (ix. wina aqtivoba); sqemebi sta-
tiis mosamzadeblad (moswavleebis raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT).
msvleloba: sasurvelia, es aqtivoba Catardes wina aqti-

vobis Semdeg. maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs baraTebs sakve-
bis gamosaxulebiT an sakvebis aRmniSvneli warweriT (ix. aqtivoba
4) da uxsnis maT: `warmoidgineT, rom TiToeuli Tqvengani aris
mwerali da cnobilma kulinariulma Jurnalma SegikveTaT statia
im produqtis Sesaxeb, romelic gamosaxulia Tqvens baraTze.
Tqveni statia unda moicavdes Semdegs:
→ auxseniT mkiTxvels, sakvebi produqtebis romel jgufs
miekuTvneba Tqveni produqti;
→ aRwereT produqti ise, rom mkiTxvels moundes misi gasin-
jva. aRwerisas gamoiyeneT adamianis 5 grZnoba: mxedveloba,
smena, gemovneba, ynosva da Sexeba;
→ miawodeT mkiTxvels Tqveni produqtis momzadebis 2 va-
rianti.
→ SeqmeniT `jansaRi TefSi~ Tqveni produqtis monawileobiT.
ras daamatebdiT Tqvens produqts sxva jgufebidan, daba-
lansebuli kerZi rom gamovides?
50
individualuri muSaoba. amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs
urigebs sqemas statiis mosamzadeblad da sTxovs, am baraTebis
daxmarebiT 30 wuTis ganmavlobaSi daweron patara statia. Tuki
romelime moswavle ganacxadebs, rom ar aqvs informacia im produ-
qtis Sesaxeb, romelic Sexvda, maswavlebeli mas sxva baraTs aZlevs.
rodesac moswavleebi daamTavreben muSaobas, maswavlebeli sTxo-

vs ramdenime moxalises, gaacnon klass TavianTi namuSevari.
51
sqema statiis mosamzadeblad
saxeli -------------------------------
Tqven xarT mwerali da cnobilma kulinariulma Jurnalma SegikveTaT

statia im produqtis Sesaxeb, romelic gamosaxulia Tqvens baraTze.
Tqveni statia unda moicavdes Semdegs:

1. auxseniT mkiTxvels, sakvebi produqtebis romel jgufs mie-
kuTvneba Tqveni produqti;
2. aRwereT produqti ise, rom mkiTxvels moundes misi gasinjva.
aRwerisas gamoiyeneT adamianis 5 grZnoba: mxedveloba, smena,
gemovneba, ynosva da Sexeba;
3. miawodeT mkiTxvels Tqveni produqtis momzadebis 2 varianti;
4. SeqmeniT `jansaRi TefSi~ Tqveni produqtis monawileobiT.
ras daamatebdiT Tqvens produqts sxva jgufebidan, rom da-
balansebuli kerZi gamovides?
aRwereT produqti 5 grZnobis gamoyenebiT (aRwerisas gamoiyeneT

zedsarTavi saxelebi):
rogor gamoiyureba? -------------------------------------------------
rogori suni aqvs? ----------------------------------------------------
rogori gemo aqvs? ----------------------------------------------------
rogoria xelis SexebiT? ---------------------------------------------
rogor xmas gamoscems Wamis dros? --------------------------------
produqtis momzadebis 2 varianti:

1. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
miirTviT sxva jansaR produqtebTan erTad (romelTan?)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52
aqtivobis Catarebis alternatiuli varianti. Se-
saZlebelia, individualuri muSaobis nacvlad ga-
moyenebuli iyos jgufebSi muSaoba: klasi daiyofa
ramdenime, 5-6-kacian jgufad da TiToeuli jgufi
erToblivad imuSavebs statiis daweraze.
saSinao davaleba. maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, saxlSi moam-

zadon ilustraciebi TavianTi statiisTvis: daxaton suraTi an
moamzadon kolaJi da Seqmnan `jansaRi TefSi~ TavianTi produq-
tis monawileobiT.
http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/team-nutrition
aqtivoba 6. ZiriTadi ingredientebi
mizani: 1. sakvebi nivTierebebis (nutrientebis) eqvsi

ZiriTadi kategoriis da maTi Semcveli sakvebi produqtebis
gansazRvra; 2. janmrTelobis SenarCunebaSi nutrientebis
rolis gacnobiereba.
resursebi: dafa, carci.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli gakveTils iwyebs SekiTxviT: Tq-

veni azriT, ra sargeblobis motana SeuZlia CvenTvis e. w. `jansaR
sakvebs~? (pasuxebi iwereba dafaze. mag., gvaZlevs energias, gvawv-
53
dis kunTebis saSen masalas, xels uwyobs Zvlebis zrdas da sima-
gres da a. S.).
maswavlebeli dafaze wers sityvas – `nutrienti~ da ekiTxeba

moswavleebs, ician Tu ara am sityvis mniSvneloba. Semdeg Tavad
ganmartavs, rom nutrienti aris sakvebi nivTiereba, romelic Se-
dis sxvadasxva sakvebi produqtis SemadgenlobaSi. sxvadasxva nu-
trienti adamianis organizmSi gansxvavebul funqcias asrulebs.
arsebobs nutrientebis 6 ZiriTadi kategoria. maswavlebeli wers
dafaze: cilebi (proteinebi), cximebi, naxSirwylebi, vitaminebi,
mineralebi, wyali.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, TavianT rveulebSi Caweron pa-

suxebi kiTxvebze:
1. ra vici am nutrientebis Sesaxeb?
2. ra minda, rom vicode maT Sesaxeb?
Semdeg sTxovs ramdenime moxalises, gauziaron klass TavianTi

mosazrebebi da awvdis informacias nutrientebis 6 ZiriTadi ka-
tegoriis Sesaxeb.
54

detaluri informacia sakvebi nivTierebebisa da maTi Semcveli
produqtebis Sesaxeb mocemulia zemoT (kari 1, Tavi 2. sakvebi
nivTierebebi da maTi Semcveli produqtebi). vitaminebidan yura-
dReba gaamaxvileT C da D vitaminebze, xolo mineralebidan - kal-
ciumze, rkinasa da iodze (saqarTveloSi sakmaod aris gavrcele-
buli rkinadeficituri anemia da iodis deficitiT gamowveuli
farisebri jirkvlis daavadebebi).
aqtivoba 7. naklebi marili, meti janmrTeloba
mizani: moswavleebis mier sufris marilis Warbi moxmare-

bis safrTxeebis gacnobiereba.
resursebi: furclebi testebiT – `ra viciT marilis Se-

saxeb~; dafa, carci.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli moswavleebs urigebs testebs –

`ra viciT marilis Sesaxeb~ – da sTxovs, Seavson. rodesac teste-
bi Seivseba, Temis ganvrcobis mizniT, maswavlebeli klass usvams
Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
1. ra nivTierebas Seicavs sufris marili?(pasuxi: natriumis

qlorids, NaCl)
55
2. romeli kerZebi Seicavs marils didi raodenobiT?(pasuxi:
Sebolili, dakonservebuli Tevzeuli da xorceuli, Zex-
veuli, `fast-fudi~)
3. ratom aris rekomendebuli sakveb racionSi marilis raode-
nobis Semcireba?(pasuxi: natriumis qloridis didi raode-
noba maRla swevs arteriul wnevas, rac zrdis gul-sisxl-
ZarRvTa daavadebebis ganviTarebis risks; amas garda, ma-
rilis didi raodenobiT moxmareba xels uwyobs simsuqnis,
simsivnis, osteoporozis (ZvlebSi kalciumis raodenobis
Semcirebis Sedegad Zvlebis msxvrevadobis zrda) da Tir-
kmlebis daavadebebis ganviTarebas.)
4. Tqven cdilobT, SeamciroT sufris marilis raodenoba kve-
bis racionSi. qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan, romelia saukeTeso
gamosavali? (savaraudo pasuxebi: a. gadavide zRvis marilis
moxmarebaze; b. gamoviyeno soiis sousi; g. sakvebs davama-
to mwvanili da sunelebi, romlebic karg aromats SesZens
kerZs da marili naklebi damWirdeba; d. yvela zemoT Camo-
Tvlili (swori pasuxia g.)
miTia, rom janmrTelobisTvis zRvis marili ukeTesia, vi-
dre Cveulebrivi sufris marili. orive natriumis qloridis
daaxloebiT erTnair raodenobas Seicavs. soiis sousi na-
triumis qloridis nacvlad Seicavs kaliumis qlorids, Tum-
ca zogierTi adamiani frTxilad unda iyos kaliumis Semcveli
marilis moxmarebis dros da daekiTxos eqims.
diskusiis dasrulebis Semdeg, maswavlebeli gakveTils asrulebs

slaidiT:
rogor SevamciroT marilis moxmareba:
→ miirTviT xili da bostneuli, romelsac damatebuli aqvs

mcire raodenobiT cximi, Saqari da marili; an saerTod ar aqvs
damatebuli;
→ miirTviT marcvleuli cximis, Saqrisa da marilis dabali
SemcvelobiT;
→ airCieT mWle xorci, romelic momzadebulia naklebi cximiTa da
mariliT.
→ uari TqviT an SeamcireT maRalkaloriuli, didi raodenobiT
cximis, Saqrisa da marilis Semcveli sakvebisa da sasmelebis
raodenoba (mag., e. w. `fast-fudi~ – swrafi kvebis produqtebi).
56
testi: ra viciT marilis Sesaxeb

waikiTxeT qvemoT mocemuli debulebebi da TiToeulis gaswvriv
aRniSneT `sworia~ an àrasworia~
Tuki momzadebul saWmels ar daamatebT sworia arasworia

marils, maSin marilis Warb raodenobas
ar miiRebT
Tuki Tqveni arteriuli (sisxlis) sworia arasworia
wneva normaluria, maSin araferi gaqvT
sanerviulo marilis raodenobasTan
dakavSirebiT
qarTvelebis umravlesoba didi sworia arasworia
raodenobiT marils moixmars
makdonaldsis hamburgerebi zedmet sworia arasworia
marils ar Seicavs
umi bostneulisgan momzadebuli sworia arasworia
salaTa mcire raodenobiT marils
Seicavs
www.healthcanada.gc.ca/foodguide
57
aqtivoba 8. hidratacia: dalieT wyali!
mizani: moswavleebis mier imis gacnobiereba, rom sakmari-

si raodenobiT wylis miReba mniSvnelovania srulfasovani fizi-
kuri da gonebrivi ganviTarebisa da funqcionirebisaTvis.
resursebi: suraTebi xilisa da Ciris gamosaxulebiT, an

xili da am xilisgan damzadebuli Ciri. didi formatis furcle-
bi (jgufebis raodenobis gaTvaliswinebiT); feradi fanqrebi an
flomasterebi.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli klass aCvenebs romelime xils

da am xilisgan damzadebul Cirs (mag., gargari da gargaris Ciri,
an qliavi da qliavis Ciri da a.S.) da ekiTxeba klass, ra gansxvave-
baa xilsa da Cirs Soris (Ciri aris gamomSrali xili).
Semdeg klass uxsnis, ra aris hidratacia (wylis SeerTeba sxva-

dasxva nivTierebasTan) da dehidratacia (organizmis gauwyloe-
ba). Semdeg ekiTxeba klass: ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios organizmis
gauwyloeba? moswavleebis pasuxebi iwereba dafaze, maswavlebeli
ajamebs da amatebs dehidrataciis im mizezebs, romlebic gamor-
CaT moswavleebs.
58
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli moswavleebs awvdis informacias, rogor
unda gamoicnon, Tu adamianis organizmi gamomSralia gauwyloe-
bis gamo. Semdeg klasi msjelobs, rogoria wylis rekomendebu-
li dRiuri doza da rogor unda ganvsazRvroT, viRebT Tu ara
wylis sakmaris raodenobas.
klasi iyofa ramdenime jgufad. TiToeulma jgufma 20 wuTis gan-
mavlobaSi unda moifiqros slogani da daxatos plakati, rome-
lic axalgazrdobas miawodebs informacias sufTa wylis mniSvne-
lobis Sesaxeb adamianis organizmis ganviTarebisa da funqcioni-
rebis procesSi.
dehidrataciis xelSemwyobi faqtorebi:

→ cxeli amindi;
→ varjiSi;
→ arasakmarisi raodenobiT wylis miReba;
→ Saqriani gaziani sasmelebis miReba;
→ sxeulis maRali temperatura da sxva daavadebebi;
→ wylis miRebis SeuZlebloba (mag., piris Rrus daavadebebi,
damwvroba, ugono mdgomareobaSi yofna).
dehidrataciaze mimaniSnebeli simptomebi:

→ Sardis feri – rac ufro yviTelia Sardi, miT ufro nakle-
bad aris organizmi gajerebuli wyliT;
→ wyurvilis grZnoba.
wylis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informacia mocemulia zemoT (kari 1.

Tavi 2. sakvebi nivTierebebi da maTi Semcveli produqtebi).
59
kari 2
Tambaqo, alkoholi,
narkotikebi
60
Tavi 1.
mozardebi da narkotikebi
1. zogi ram gardamavali asakis Taviseburebebis Sesaxeb
mozardobis periodi adamianis cxovrebis erT-erTi urTulesi

gamocdaa, Tavisi Sinagani winaaRmdegobebiT, garemosTan konfli-
qtiT, gansakuTrebuli mgrZnobiarobiT, gamZafrebuli Tavmoyva-
reobiT, damoukideblobisken swrafviT, maqsimalizmiT. am da sxva
fsiqologiuri problemebis fonze cnobismoyvareobam, mimbaZve-
lobam, uCveulo gancdebis Ziebis survilma Tu arsebuli tradi-
ciebisa da miRebuli normebis mimarT protestis grZnobam mozar-
di SeiZleba narkotikTan miiyvanos.
gardamavali asaki pirovnebis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani perio-

dia. am dros xdeba gadasvla cxovrebis erTi etapidan meoreze,
bavSvobidan – mowifulobaSi. aRniSnuli periodi iwyeba 10-11
wlis asakidan da mTavrdeba srulwlovanebis miRweviT. mas xSirad
`mZime~, `kritikul~, `gardatexis~ asaks uwodeben.
gardamavali asaki xSirad mwvave, krizisuli gamovlinebebiT mim-

dinareobs da bavSvTa asakis sxva krizisuli periodebisgan gansx-
vavebiT, meti simZafriTa da xangrZlivobiT xasiaTdeba. am dros
icvleba bavSvis damokidebuleba garSemomyofebTan da sakuTar
TavTan, yalibdeba is cxovrebiseuli pozicia, romliTac pirovne-
ba iwyebs damoukidebel cxovrebas. es sakmaod rTuli da xangr-
Zlivi procesia, romlis drosac mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi xdeba
pirovnebis biologiur, fsiqologiur da socialur ganviTareba-
Si. amasTan, am sferoTagan TiToeuls aqvs ganviTarebis gansxvave-
buli ritmi da tempi: fizikuri da fsiqikuri ganviTareba ufro
adre iwyeba da iwvevs iseTi moTxovnilebebis aRmocenebas, romel-
61
Ta dakmayofileba yovelTvis ver xerxdeba socialuri moumwife-
blobis gamo; mozardi, obieqturad, ukve aRar aris bavSvi, magram
misi socialuri mdgomareoba ucvleli rCeba: igi isev mSoblebis
meurveobis qveS imyofeba, rac gadaulaxav dabrkolebas uqmnis
misi zogierTi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas; Cndeba konfliqti
arsebul realobasTan, rac safuZvlad udevs mozardis fsiqoso-
cialur kriziss.
es konfliqti gansakuTrebiT mZafrad aris gamoxatuli Taname-

drove civilizebul sazogadoebaSi, sadac mozrdilisTvis waye-
nebuli moTxovnebi radikalurad gansxvavdeba bavSvisTvis wayene-
buli moTxovnebisgan: bavSvs moeTxoveba sruli morCileba, mozr-
dils ki – damoukidebloba da iniciativianoba. iq, sadac mozards
ufro adre eniWeba mozrdilis uflebebi da ekisreba Sesabamisi
movaleobebi, gardamavali asaki SedarebiT umtkivneulod mimdi-
nareobs: afrikisa da avstraliis bevr tomSi sqesobrivi momwi-
febisTanave tardeba iniciaciis rituali – mozrdilad kurTxeva,
romlis Semdeg mozardi iwyebs mozrdilis cxovrebiT cxovre-
bas – monawileobs ufrosebis saqmianobaSi, eZleva qorwinebis an
sqesobrivi urTierTobebis ufleba. am SemTxvevaSi, bavSvobidan
mozrdilobaSi gadasvla ufro adre xdeba, mcirdeba gardamavali
periodis xangrZlivoba da naklebad aqtualuria is problemebi,
romlebic mozards Cvens sazogadoebaSi eqmneba.
fizikuri ganviTareba
mozardobis periodis yvelaze TvalsaCino maxasiaTebelia swrafi
fizikuri zrda, rasac sxeulis proporciis darRveva axlavs: jer
izrdeba Tavi da kidurebi, Semdeg – torsi. amis Sedegad moZraobas
ekargeba harmoniuloba. mouqneloba, daubalansebeli koordina-
ciis unari mozardSi usiamovno gancdebs, Tavisi garegnobiT uk-
mayofilebasa da sakuTar TavSi daurwmuneblobis gancdas iwvevs;
kunTuri Zala matulobs, magram kunTebi advilad iRleba da ver
uZlebs xangrZliv daZabulobas; zrdis swrafma tempma SeiZleba
gamoiwvios gul-sisxlZarRvTa sistemis funqciuri darRvevebi
(guliscemis aCqareba, arteriuli wnevis cvalebadoba, Tavbrusx-
veva, Tavis tkivili, advilad daRla); endokrinul da nervul sis-
temebSi mimdinare Zvrebi zrdis paTogenuri faqtorebis mimarT
mgrZnobelobas: gonebrivma da fizikurma gadaRlam, xangrZlivma
62
nervulma daZabulobam, uaryofiTma emociebma (SiSi, wyena, imed-
gacrueba) SeiZleba gamoiwvios momatebuli gaRizianebadoba, Ta-
vSeukavebloba, yuradRebis gafantuloba, Sromis unaris daqvei-
Teba, gogoebSi – menstrualuri ciklis darRveva.
mozardis organizmSi mimdinare cvlilebaTagan erT-erTi yve-

laze mniSvnelovania sqesobrivi momwifeba, romelic gogoebTan
saSualod 11-12 wlis asakSi iwyeba, biWebTan – 13-14 wlidan. zog-
jer saxezea naadrevi an dagvianebuli momwifeba. rac ufro adre
iwyeba sqesobrivi momwifeba, miT ufro swrafad da intensiurad
mimdinareobs is, xolo dagvianebiT dawyebuli momwifeba ufro
gaxangrZlivebulia.
sqesobrivi momwifeba garegnulad vlindeba meoreuli sasqeso

niSnebis formirebiT (gogonebTan – mkerdis zrda, biWebTan – sas-
qeso organos zrda da Tmianobis momateba). am niSnebis rogorc
naadrevi, ise dagvianebuli gamovlineba SeiZleba mozardisTvis
SfoTvis mizezad iqces: naadrevad momwifebuli mozardis gareg-
noba ar Seesabameba mis jer kidev bavSvur fsiqikas da bavSvi ver
amarTlebs imaT molodins, vinc garegnobis Sesabamisad mas ukve
didad aRiqvams; magram, meore mxriv, aseT mozards maRali socia-
luri statusi aqvs Tanatolebs Soris da es Tavdajerebulobas
matebs. dagvianebuli sqesobrivi momwifeba ufro seriozul pro-
blemebTan aris dakavSirebuli, gansakuTrebiT – biWebisTvis. aseT
mozardebs ufro dabali socialuri statusi aqvT TanatolebSi,
uCndebaT fizikuri arasrulfasovnebis gancda, uyalibdebaT da-
bali TviTSefaseba, rac mozrdilobaSic SeiZleba gahyveT.
sqesobriv momwifebas Tan axlavs sqesobrivi ltolvis aRmoce-

neba, mdidari erotikuli fantaziebi, daintereseba erotikuli
63
filmebiTa da literaturiT. biWebi, gogoebTan SedarebiT, met
erotikul aqtivobas iCenen. gogoebis damokidebuleba sapiris-
piro sqesis mimarT meti romantikulobiT xasiaTdeba, naklebia
erotikuli aqtivoba, magram maTi interesi erotikuli Tematikis
mimarT ar Camouvardeba biWebisas.
mozardebis gazrdili interesi seqsualuri sakiTxebis mimarT,

metwilad, kmayofildeba Tanatolebis mier miwodebuli infor-
maciiT an erotikuli da pornografiuli JurnalebiTa da fil-
mebiT, magram am gziT isini ver iReben srulfasovan informacias.
amitom, sasurvelia, seqsualur urTierTobebze saubari ar iyos
àkrZaluli Tema~ mSoblebsa da mozardebs Soris. saWiroa, mo-
zardebs miewodoT saTanado informacia, rasac ufro kompeten-
turad biologiis maswavlebeli an skolis fsiqologi gaakeTebs.
azrovneba
gardamaval asakSi ganviTarebis axal safexurze adis SemecnebiTi
procesebi – bavSvisTvis damaxasiaTebeli konkretuli xatovani
azrovneba icvleba Teoriuli azrovnebiT; mozardisTvis gasage-
bi xdeba abstraqtuli cnebebi, yalibdeba sagnebisa da movlene-
bis arsebiTi niSnebis wvdomis unari; mozardi ufro swrafad da
advilad wyvets inteleqtualur amocanebs, Tvisebrivad icvleba
azrovnebis procesi: bavSvisgan gansxvavebiT, romlis cnobiereba
mimarTulia àq da amJamad~ arsebul situaciaze, mozardis cno-
bierebaSi aisaxeba ara mxolod TvalsaCinod mocemuli realoba,
aramed misi SesaZlo variantebi.
azrovnebaSi momxdari cvlilebebi gavlenas axdens mozardis ur-

TierTobaze irgvliv myofebTan: mozardi kritikulad afasebs
ufrosebis qcevas, amCnevs, rom maTi saqcieli xSirad ar Seesa-
bameba im principebs, romlebsac qadageben. es iwvevs protests
mSoblebis momTxovnelobis mimarT. kritikuli damokidebuleba
vrceldeba sazogadoebriv normebzec. Cndeba daintereseba fi-
losofiuri da religiuri TemebiT. mozardebi bevrs fiqroben da
kamaToben maRal materiebze da maradiul problemebze. am saki-
Txebze dafiqreba exmareba maT, upasuxon mniSvnelovan kiTxvebs:
ra aris megobroba? siyvaruli? erTguleba? msgavs filosofiur
Temebze fiqrs ufrosebis erTi nawili drois fuWad kargvad mi-
64
iCnevs, mozardisTvis ki es namdvili aRmoCenaa. amasTan, mozardis
msjelobas axasiaTebs kategoriuloba da maqsimalizmi, romlis
ukan Sinagani daurwmunebloba da usistemoba imaleba, magram erTi
SexedviT zedapirul msjelobasa da kamaTSi igi swavlobs abstra-
qtulad azrovnebas, hipoTezebis Camoyalibebas da Semowmebas.
TviTSefaseba
axleburad azrovnebis unari mozards sakuTari gancdebis Secno-
bis saSualebas aZlevs. swored am dros xdeba sakuTari moTxovni-
lebebisa da SesaZleblobebis, grZnobebisa da azrebis gacnobie-
reba da Sefaseba. ibadeba kiTxva `vin var me?~, yalibdeba TviTSe-
faseba.
gardamavali asakis sawyis etapze mozardis TviTSefasebis ganm-

sazRvrel ZiriTad kriteriumebs warmoadgens garegnoba da fizi-
kuri ganviTareba. mtkivneulad ganicdeba proporciis darRveva,
mouqneloba, kanze gamonayari. amis gamo bevri mozardis TviTSe-
faseba daqveiTebulia. miT umetes, rom am asakSi misabaZ magali-
Tad sportisa da Soubiznesis varskvlavebs irCeven. etalonTan
msgavsebis ZiebaSi mozardebi mTel dRes sarkesTan atareben,
guldasmiT swavloben TavianT garegnobas, icvlian tansacmels,
varcxnilobas, amuSaveben manerebs im imediT, rom STabeWdilebas
moaxdenen Tanatolebze. magram gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvela
mozardi, umetesad, sakuTari TaviT aris dakavebuli da erTad
yofnis dros TiToeulis yuradReba mxolod sakuTar personazea
mimarTuli. amdenad, sxvebze STabeWdilebis moxdenis survili
daukmayofilebeli rCeba da zogjer mozardisTvis namdvil tra-
gediad iqceva. swored STabeWdilebis moxdenis survili udevs
safuZvlad zogierTi mozardis eqstravagantur, ucnaur Cacmu-
lobas da gamomwvev qcevas.
ufrosi mozardobis asakSi sustdeba garegnuli maxasiaTeblebis

mniSvneloba da wina planze gamodis interesi Sinagani samyaros
mimarT, sakuTari gonebrivi SesaZleblobebisa da moraluri Tvi-
sebebis Sefaseba. msjeloba cxovrebis arsze da adamianis daniSnu-
lebaze mozardisTvis iseve aqtualuria, rogorc mcirewlovani
bavSvisTvis gauTavebeli `ratom?~. xSiria gataceba filosofiuri
da fsiqologiuri literaturiT.
65
emociebi
gardamavali asakis mniSvnelovani maxasiaTebelia emociebis aram-
dgradoba, Zlieri agznebadoba, sificxe. gansakuTrebiT mZafr
reaqcias avlenen mozardebi, roca miiCneven, rom maT usamarTlod
eqcevian, usamarTlod aZleven SeniSvnas an raime naklze miuTi-
Teben, miT umetes, Tu SeniSvna maT garegnobas exeba.
maTi Sexedulebebis mimarT ironiulma damokidebulebam SeiZleba

gamoiwvios ganmartoeba, sakuTar TavSi Caketva. mozardebisTvis
damaxasiaTebelia urTierTsawinaaRmdego grZnobebi da qceva: isi-
ni xan siTbosa da yuradRebas avlenen, xan ki civebi da uxeSe-
bi arian; xan morcxvebi, xan ki – meamboxeebi; sakuTari Rirsebis
grZnobas da siamayes Sinagani daurwmunebloba cvlis. Sesabami-
sad, guneba-ganwyobac mkveTrad cvalebadobs – egzaltaciidan
subdepresiul mdgomareobamde. aseT emociur aramdgradobasa
da gauwonasworeblobas safuZvlad udevs endokrinul sistemaSi
mimdinare fiziologiuri Zvrebi, romlebsac Tan axlavs nervuli
sistemis agznebadobis momateba da Semakavebeli procesebis Ses-
usteba.
aRzrdis stili
fizikuri momwifebisa da fsiqikur sferoSi momxdari cvlile-
bebis gacnobiereba mozardSi didobis gancdas iwvevs. marTlac,
obieqturad, is fizikurad didi da sqesobrivad momwifebuli
adamiania. mozardi grZnobs, rom ukve aRar aris bavSvi. mozar-
dobis adreul etapze didobis moTxovnilebas igi ikmayofilebs
ufrosebTan garegnuli mimsgavsebiT – baZavs maT Cacmulobas, ma-
nerebs, qcevebs. aseTi mibaZva saSualebas aZlevs, Tavi mozrdilad
igrZnos.
66
gardamavali asakis momdevno etapze azrovnebis ganviTareba mo-
zards saSualebas aZlevs, ifiqros da imsjelos moralur-eTikur
normebze, gaacnobieros sakuTari individualoba, kritikulad Se-
xedos manamde xelSeuxebel avtoritetebs. es gavlenas axdens mis
urTierTobaze mozrdilebTan. mozardi cdilobs, moipovos meti
Tavisufleba da SezRudos mozrdilTa momTxovneloba, aprotes-
tebs kontrols, meurveobas, usityvo morCilebis moTxovnas. pro-
testi SeiZleba gamoixatos uxeSobiT, sijiutiT an sakuTar TavSi
CaketviT. es reaqcia gansakuTrebiT mZafria, rodesac ufrosebi
ver amCneven mozardis Sinagan samyaroSi momxdar cvlilebebs, ar
uweven angariSs mis interesebsa da iniciativas, isev ise eqcevian,
rogorc bavSvs.
mSoblebi, romlebic Svilebisagan usityvo morCilebas moiTxo-

ven, akontroleben maT yvela nabijs, TviTon ugegmaven Tavisufal
dros da urCeven megobrebis wres, gamudmebiT SeniSvnebsa da mi-
TiTebebs aZleven, ver iTvaliswineben, rom aseTi avtoritaruli
damokidebulebis Sedegad mozardi kargavs sakuTari Zalebis rw-
menas, damoukideblad azrovnebisa da moqmedebis unars. mas uWirs
sakuTari azris dacva da Tavis Tavze pasuxismgeblobis aReba.
aseTi pirovneba mowifulobaSic sxvisi Semyure da uiniciativo
iqneba (mudmivi bavSvi). zog SemTxvevaSi aRzrdis aseTi meTodi
sruliad sapirispiro Sedegs iZleva: erT mSvenier dRes mozar-
di ujanydeba mSoblebs, erTbaSad angrevs akrZalvebis mTel sis-
temas da protests gamoxatavs daumorCileblobiT, ufrosebis
azris ignorirebiT, kritikis sruli miuReblobiT. es protesti
SeiZleba gavrceldes sazogadoebriv normebze, wesebze da tra-
67
diciebzec. bavSvobaSi damoukideblobas miuCveveli mozardi ver
sazRvravs Tavisuflebis dasaSveb farglebs da eswrafvis adgi-
ls, sadac, misi azriT, yvelaferi SeiZleba – quCas an asocialur
jgufs.
bavSvi ojaxis kerpad iqceva, rodesac mSoblebi azviadeben Svi-

lis niWsa da SesaZleblobebs, gamudmebiT aqeben mas, yvelgan da
yovelTvis cdiloben misi `talantis~ demonstrirebas, miiCneven,
rom aseT bavSvs yvelaferi epatieba da yvelafris ufleba aqvs.
msgavsi damokidebulebis Sedegad xSirad yalibdeba egocentru-
li pirovneba, romelsac mudmivad unda yuradRebis centrSi yo-
fna da darwmunebulia, rom nebismier mizans iolad miaRwevs. mas
mTeli cxovrebis manZilze uWirs sakuTari SesaZleblobebis ade-
kvaturi Sefaseba da nebismier warumateblobas sxvebs an uiR-
blobas abralebs.
arian iseTi mSoblebic, romlebic srul Tavisuflebas aniWeben

Svilebs im sababiT, rom xels uwyoben mozardSi damoukideblo-
bisa da individualobis ganviTarebas. srul ukontrolobas-
Tan erTad, romelic SeiZleba mozards moswondes kidec, bavSvi
moklebulia namdvil mzrunvelobas, mxardaWeras, mrCevels, mar-
to rCeba Tavis problemebTan, romelTa winaSe, gamoucdelobis
gamo, eufleba SfoTva da Sinagani daurwmunebloba. is saWiroebs
mozrdilTa daxmarebas. aseTi mSoblebi, iseve, rogorc avtorita-
ri mSoblebi, verasodes gaxdebian SvilebisTvis is sayrdeni Zala,
romelic esoden sWirdeba mozards.
avtoritets inarCuneben iseTi mSoblebi, romlebic moiTxoven mo-

zardisgan garkveuli movaleobebis Sesrulebas, magram ar zRuda-
ven mis uflebebs; angariSs uweven mozardis survils, iyos damou-
kidebeli; raimes akrZalvis SemTxvevaSi ganumartaven mizezs; ica-
ven im normebs, romlebsac aswavlian mozards da, amave dros, ar
eSiniaT, aRiaron, rom TviTonac ar arian Secdomebisgan dazRveu-
li; ar qmnian bariers urTierTobaSi; rCevas aZleven maSin, roca
mozardi mimarTavs maT daxmarebisaTvis; problemebze saubrisas
yuradRebas mozardis braleulobaze ki aramaxvileben, aramed ex-
marebian problemebis gaanalizebaSi da gamosavlis ZiebaSi. ama-
ve dros, mozards aZleven saSualebas, damoukideblad gadalaxos
iseTi winaaRmdegobebi, romelTa daZlevac mas SeuZlia. amiT mo-
zardi eCveva pasuxismgeblobas, iZens sakuTari Zalebis rwmenas.
68
mozardTa subkultura
TanatolebTan urTierToba erT-erTi mniSvnelovani pirobaa fsi-
qikuri da socialuri ganviTarebis procesSi. jer kidev gardama-
vali periodis dadgomamde bavSvi TanatolebTan urTierTobaSi
swavlobs TanagrZnobas, problemebis sxvebTan erTad gadawyvetas,
mas uviTardeba asakis Sesabamisi interesebi da Cvevebi. gardama-
val asakSi es urTierToba axal elfers iZens. am periodSi Ta-
natolebis zegavlena matulobs, maTi azri ufro mniSvnelovani
xdeba, gansakuTrebiT iseT SemTxvevebSi, roca mSoblebi nakleb
interess iCenen Svilebis problemebis mimarT. am dros mozarde-
bi Tanadgomas da daxmarebas Tanatolebisgan iReben, miT umetes,
rom am asakSi gansakuTrebiT gamZafrebulia sxvisTvis sakuTari
azrebis, ocnebebis, grZnobebis gaziarebis moTxovnileba.
mozardTa damoukideblobisa da TviTdamkvidrebis erT-erTi ga-

movlinebaa mozardTa subkultura, romelic xasiaTdeba specifi-
kuri, mozrdilebisgan gansxvavebuli gemovnebiT, CacmulobiT, ma-
nerebiT, metyvelebiT. miswrafeba, iyvnen `Tanamedroveni~, ZiriTa-
dad, mozrdilebisagan gansxvavebuli garegnuli stiliT vlinde-
ba, xolo damoukidebloba – avtoritetebis msxvreviT, yvelafris
gakritikebiT, arsebuli wesebis ignorirebiT. ufrosebisTvis
xSirad gaugebaria, savsebiT seriozuli, `dadebiTi~ mozardi ra-
tom aniWebs upiratesobas Cacmulobis gansxvavebul stils, var-
cxnilobas, ratom imaxinjebs metyvelebas. amis mizezia ara marto
ùcnauri~ gemovneba, aramed mozardis survili, gansxvavdebodes
mozrdilebisgan. Jargoni ki warmoadgens `TavisianebTan~, komuni-
kaciis saSualebas da bariers ufrosebisTvis.
69
mozardTa subkulturasTan ziareba Tanatolebis wreSi xdeba.
garda amisa, TanatolebTan urTierTobaSi mozardi ikmayofilebs
Tavisufali, Tanasworuflebiani urTierTobis moTxovnilebas,
iZens im cxovrebiseul codnas, romelsac xSirad ver iRebs ufro-
sebisgan. garkveuli jgufis wevroba mozards Tavdajerebulobas
matebs da TviTdamkvidrebis damatebiT saSualebas aZlevs. igi
cdilobs, ganiviTaros is Tvisebebi, romlebic fasobs mis wreSi.
Tanatolebis wreSi miRebuli Rirebulebebi da normebi bevrad
ufro mniSvnelovania mozardisTvis, vidre mozrdilTa Rirebu-
lebebi da normebi. am periodSi xdeba moralur-eTikuri normebis
axali ierarqiis Camoyalibeba.
rodesac vlaparakobT Tanatolebis wreze, unda ganvasxvavoT
formaluri da araformaluri jgufebi. formaluri jgufebia
klasi, sportuli seqcia an romelime wre, romelic mozrdilTa
proteqtoratis qveS imyofeba. aseTi jgufis formaluri lide-
ri (ufrosebisTvis misaRebi) SeiZleba ar sargeblobdes realuri
avtoritetiT TanatolebSi. araformaluri, stiqiurad Seqmnili
jgufebi Tavisufal urTierTobebzea damyarebuli, Tavisufalia
mozrdilTa kontrolisagan, magram aranakleb organizebulia.
aseT jgufSi lideri xdeba iseTi mozardi, romelsac namdvilad
aqvs liderisTvis saWiro Tvisebebi da realuri avtoriteti Ta-
natolebSi. araformalur jgufSi yofna ar gulisxmobs mxolod
Tavisufali drois gatarebas. es mozards TviTgamoxatvis, axle-
buri pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis damyarebisa da TviT-
damkvidrebis saSualebas aZlevs. garkveuli jgufisadmi `miku-
TvnebulobiT~ mozards Tavdajerebuloba emateba, igi iZens Tana-
moazreebs, mxardamWerebs. misTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania garkveu-
li jgufis wevroba, amitom sazogadoebrivi normebisa da avto-
ritetebis winaaRmdeg amboxebuli mozardi sakmaod konformulia
Tavis jgufSi arsebuli normebis mimarT da xSirad ukritikod
iRebs maT. amdenad, jgufis wevroba pirovnebis CamoyalibebisTvis
sasargeblo da saWiroa, magram saSiSi xdeba, Tu mozardi asocia-
lur jgufs daukavSirda.
megobroba da siyvaruli
TanatolebTan urTierTobaSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania me-
gobroba. axlo megobrad gardamaval asakSi, ZiriTadad, irCeven
Tavisive asakisa da sqesis mozardebs, romlebic axlos dganan
70
gonebrivi ganviTarebiTa da interesebiT. zogjer ki megobrad
gansxvavebuli Sexedulebebisa da Tvisebebis Tanatols irCeven.
magaliTad, seriozuli, bejiTi mozardi SeiZleba megobrobdes
eqstravagantur, mxiarul mozardTan, romelsac garToba swa-
vlaze metad ainteresebs. amis mizezia is, rom mozards Tanatol-
Si moswons is Tvisebebi, romlebic TviTon aklia. megobarTan ur-
TierToba mozards saSualebas aZlevs, sxva adamians gauziaros
Tavisi grZnobebi, eWvebi, SiSi, SfoTva da gaigos, rom sxvasac aqvs
msgavsi gancdebi, rom igi marto ar aris. megobrobaSi gansakuTre-
biT afaseben erTgulebas. mniSvnelovania, rom megobars SeeZlos
mosmena da TanagrZnoba, saubari im Temebze, romlebzec mSobleb-
Tan da sxva amxanagebTan ar laparakoben. amrigad, megobrebTan
urTierTobaSi mozardi swavlobs TanagrZnobas, Tanadgomas, ur-
TierTobebis mogvarebas, sakuTari Tavisa da sxvaTa Secnobas.
gansxvavebuli sqesis mozardebis megobroba xSirad siyvarulSi
gadaizrdeba. fsiqologiaSi arsebuli erT-erTi gansazRvrebiT,
siyvaruli aris seqsualuri ltolvisa da fsiqologiuri siaxlo-
vis harmoniuli Serwyma. mozardebSi es grZnobebi gancalkevebu-
lia. maTTvis amaRlebuli, wminda siyvaruli ar gulisxmobs sqes-
obriv siaxloves. mozardebis umetesoba, gansakuTrebiT gogonebi,
sqesobriv urTierTobas aigiveben samarcxvinosTan. amrigad, mo-
zardebisTvis siyvarulisa da seqsis obieqtebi sxvadasxvaa: Sei-
Zleba moxdes, erTi mxriv, `namdvili~ siyvarulis deseqsualiza-
cia da, meore mxriv, sqesobrivi urTierTobis Sesaxeb vulgaruli,
gamartivebuli warmodgenis Camoyalibeba.
mozardebis siyvaruli zogjer xangrZliv, seriozul urTierTo-

baSi gadaizrdeba, magram ufro xSirad es grZnoba aris SedarebiT
xanmokle, magram Zlieri. mozrdilebi, romlebic seriozulad ar
uyureben `bavSvur~ siyvaruls, cdebian, radgan am asakSi gawbile-
bam SeiZleba mozards didi sulieri travma miayenos.
amrigad, gardamavali asakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkveTri bio-
71
logiuri cvlilebebi uamrav axal SegrZnebas da gancdas badebs.
SegrZnebaTa uCveuloba da intensiuroba mozardis mTel yura-
dRebas sakuTar Tavze mimarTavs. amave dros, axleburi azrovne-
bis unari saSualebas aZlevs mas, gaacnobieros Sinagan samyaro-
Si momxdari cvlilebebi da moaxdinos maTi Sefaseba. amave dros,
mozardi axleburad aRiqvams gare samyaros, Cndeba kritikuli
damokidebuleba sazogadoebaSi arsebuli normebisa da Rirebu-
lebebis mimarT, Zveli avtoritetebi da idealebi icvleba axliT
da maTTan Sedarebis safuZvelze xdeba sakuTari unarebisa da
Tvisebebis Sefaseba. idealTan msgavsebis survili, erTi mxriv,
ganviTarebis stimulia, meore mxriv, SeiZleba sakuTari TaviT uk-
mayofilebisa da SfoTvis mizezad iqces.
sakuTari Tvisebebisa da SesaZleblobebis gacnobierebis safuZ-

velze yalibdeba TviTSefaseba, romelic xSirad araadekvaturia.
gazviadebuli TviTSefasebis SemTxvevaSi mozardi iseT miznebs
isaxavs, romelTa Sesruleba mis SesaZleblobebs aRemateba, rac
warumateblobis mizezad iqceva. dabali TviTSefaseba ki iwvevs
daurwmuneblobis gancdas, urTierTobebis gaZnelebas, xels uS-
lis SesaZleblobebis gamovlinebas da ganviTarebas. aseTi mozar-
di advilad eqceva sxvebis zegavlenis qveS.
2. ram SeiZleba ubiZgos mozards narkotikis

gasinjvisken?
kritikul situaciebSi problemebis gadaWris gzebis Ziebis pro-
cesSi pirovneba iwrToba da Zlierdeba, magram Tu adamians siZne-
leebis winaSe uZlurebis gancda daeufla, SeiZleba daxmarebis-
Tvis alkohols an narkotiks mimarTos. ra Tqma unda, es ar aris
problemis mogvarebis gza, es mxolod sinamdvilisgan gaqcevis,
problemebidan Tavis daRwevis moCvenebiTi saSualebaa.
gardamavali asakisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli problemebi da Tavi-

seburebebi narkotikebis mimzidvelobas noyier niadags uqmnis.
qvemoT SevecdebiT yuradReba gavamaxviloT am TvalsazrisiT
mniSvnelovan zogierT faqtorze. ra Tqma unda, yvela faqto-
ris CamoTvla SeuZlebelia. amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
72
am faqtorebidan romelimes arseboba ar gulisxmobs, rom mozardi
aucileblad narkotiks mimarTavs.
→ cnobismoyvareoba, interesi – axali gamocdilebis miRebisa
da axali SegrZnebebis gancdis survili;
→ mimbaZveloba;
→ garToba; mowyenilobisa da erTferovnebisgan Tavis daRwe-
vis survili;
→ Tavisufali drois problema;
→ daZabulobis moxsnisa da karg guneba-ganwyobaze yofnis
survili;
→ riskianobisa da gambedaobis momatebis survili;
→ fizikuri da fsiqikuri energiis momatebis survili;
→ problemebisgan an martoobisgan Tavis daRwevis survili;
→ fizikuri problemebiT (fizikuri nakli, raime daavadeba)
gamowveuli gancdebisgan Tavis daRwevis survili;
→ protesti mSoblebis mxridan gadaWarbebuli kontrolisa
da simkacris mimarT;
→ mSoblebis uyuradReboba, gulgriloba Svilis probleme-
bis mimarT;
→ ojaxis wevrebis mier medikamentebis ukontrolo moxmare-
ba, TviTmkurnaloba;
→ cxovrebis jansaRi wesis Sesatyvisi Rirebulebebis gaufa-
sureba;
→ sakuTar janmrTelobaze zrunvis ugulebelyofa;
→ protesti sazogadoebrivi normebisa da tradiciebis mi-
marT;
→ didobis survili;
→ Tanatolebis zegavlena;
→ pronarkotikuli ganwyoba mikrosocialur garemoSi –
ojaxSi, megobrebis wreSi, ubanSi;
→ survili, Tavi igrZnos garkveuli jgufis wevrad (Tu am
jgufis wevrebSi narkotikebis moxmareba miRebulia);
→ narkotikebis xelmisawvdomoba;
→ adekvaturi informaciis nakleboba.
mozards unda hqondes obieqturi da sarwmuno informacia narko-
73
tikebisa da alkoholis Sesaxeb. Sveicariasa da skandinaviis qvey-
nebSi Catarebuli gamokiTxviT dadginda, rom maTTvis, vinc uari
Tqva narkotikebis moxmarebaze, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba iqonia
am saSualebebis mavneblobis gacnobierebam. iseTi faqtorebi,
rogoric aris akrZalva mSoblebis mxridan, dasjis safrTxe da
mkacri sanqciebi, Tavisi mniSvnelobiT TiTqmis bolo adgilze
aRmoCnda.
3. rogor yalibdeba damokidebuleba
realobisagan gaqcevis survili yvela CvenganisTvis nacnobia, ma-

gram xSirad ar vfiqrobT imaze, rom, SesaZloa, es survili pro-
blemad iqces. adamianebs, romlebsac uWirT garemosTan an sir-
TuleebTan Segueba, SiSi euflebaT arsebuli sinamdvilis winaSe.
swored es SiSi badebs sxva realobaSi gaqcevis survils.
erTi dauRalavad Sromobs mTeli kviris ganmavlobaSi, TiTqos

unda uxarodes SabaT-kviris dadgoma, magram, ratomRac, am dReeb-
Si ver isvenebs, mowyenilia da isev samsaxurisken miuwevs guli...
meores stumrad wasvla ar surs imis gamo, rom kompiuters unda
moswydes... mesame sulmouTqmelad elodeba mosaRamoebas, raTa
kazinoSi wavides da mTeli fuli iq datovos... meoTxe alionze
alkoholuri sasmlis sayidlad garbis da a. S. yvela am SemTxve-
vas erTi ram aerTianebs – realobisagan gaqcevis survili. daZa-
bulobis, diskomfortisa da stresisgan Tavdacvis saSualebebis
Ziebisas es adamianebi, xSirad, adiqtiuri qcevis strategiebs mi-
marTaven.
adiqtiuri qcevis arsi mdgomareobs imaSi, rom realobisgan ga-

qcevis mizniT, adamianebi cdiloben, xelovnuri gziT Secvalon
TavianTi fsiqikuri mdgomareoba, rac maT usafrTxoebis, Sinagani
wonasworobis aRdgenis iluzias uqmnis. es gaxlavT destruqciu-
li qceva – fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Secvla xdeba qimiuri niv-
Tierebis miRebiT an mudmivad garkveul saqmianobaze yuradRebis
gadataniT, rasac Tan axlavs intensiuri emociuri reaqcia.
74
realoba yovelTvis ar gvTavazobs iseT situaciebs, rom mudmi-

vad komfortul mdgomareobaSi viyoT. guneba-ganwyobis cvlile-
ba Cveni cxovrebis ganuyreli Tanamgzavria, magram adamianebi sx-
vadasxvagvarad reagireben masze. adiqtiuri pirovneba gamosavals
problemebisgan gaqcevaSi poulobs. fsiqologiuri komfortis
aRdgenis es saSualeba problemis gadaWris iluzias qmnis da
sasiamovno emociebs badebs. realobasTan `brZolis~ aseTi meTodi
TandaTan fiqsirdeba adamianis qcevaSi da arsebul sinamdviles-
Tan urTierTqmedebis myar strategiad yalibdeba.
adiqciis destruqciuli buneba vlindeba imiT, rom am proces-

Si emociuri urTierTobebi myardeba ara adamianebTan, aramed
usulo sagnebTan da movlenebTan. rTul situaciebSi eWvebisa
da gancdebisagan yuradRebis periodulad gadatana yvelasTvis
aucilebelia, magram adiqtiuri qcevis SemTxvevaSi es procesi
cxovrebis stilad iqceva, romlis drosac adamiani realobis-
gan gaqcevis survilis xafangSi aRmoCndeba. adiqciis erTi forma
SeiZleba meoreTi Seicvalos, rac problemebis gadaWris iluzias
ufro aZlierebs da amyarebs. am procesSi izRudeba pirovnebis
komunikaciuri, SemecnebiTi, moraluri, SemoqmedebiTi da esTeti-
kuri SesaZleblobebi. amgvarad, problemebisgan gaqceva da kom-
fortis iluzia pirovnuli zrdis Seferxebas ganapirobebs.
adiqtiuri meqanizmiT guneba-ganwyobilebis Secvlis survili

realizdeba sxvadasxva adiqtiuri agentebis saSualebiT. aseT
agentebs miekuTvneba:
75
1. nivTierebebi, romlebic cvlian adamianis fsiqikur md-
gomareobas – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi (alkoholi,
narkotikebi, medikamentebi, toqsikuri nivTierebebi);
2. aqtivobis (saqmianobis) sxvadasxva formebi – azartuli
TamaSebi, kompiuteri, seqsi, samsaxuri, ritmuli musikis
mosmena, televizori, bevri Wama an SimSili da a. S.
adiqcia fsiqologiuri damonebis procesia. adiqtiuri qceva moi-

cavs gansxvavebuli simZimis qceviTi gadaxrebis farTo speqtrs
– dawyebuli normasTan miaxloebuli qceviT da mZime fsiqolo-
giuri da/an biologiuri damokidebulebiT damTavrebuli.
rodesac raime nivTiereba an qceva adamianis cxovrebaSi gansaku-

Trebul mniSvnelobas iZens, adamiani kargavs Tavisuflebas da da-
mokidebuli xdeba siamovnebis momtan saSualebaze. ganasxvaveben
damokidebulebis qimiur da araqimiur formebs. qimiur formebs
miekuTvneba wamaldamokidebuleba (alkoholizmi da narkomania),
xolo araqimiur formebs – qceviTi damokidebulebis sxvadasxva
gamovlinebani.
nebismieri tipis damokidebulebas, iqneba es wamaldamokidebule-

ba Tu qceviTi damokidebuleba, arsi erTi aqvs:
→ adamians ar SeuZlia, uari Tqvas damokidebulebis
obieqtze (ver akontrolebs sakuTar qcevas, ar SeuZlia
Tavis Sekaveba);
76
→ adamiani cdilobs, damalos an Searbilos Tavisi mdgoma-
reobis seriozuloba;
→ ufasurdeba sxva interesebi – adamianis interesebis sfe-
ro TandaTan viwrovdeba da bolos mxolod damokidebu-
lebis obieqtiT Semoifargleba.
damokidebuleba aris realobisagan gaqcevasa da damokidebule-

bis obieqtTan miRwevis saSualebebze mudmivi fiqris mdgomareo-
ba, rasac adamianis droisa da energiis udidesi nawili miaqvs.
aseTi individebis SigniT meore, àdiqtiuri pirovneba~ cxovrobs,
romelsac sakuTari logika, emociebi, Rirebulebebi da fsiqolo-
giuri dacvis sistema aqvs.
realobidan Tavis daRweva Zlier emociur gancdebTan aris dakav-

Sirebuli. Tuki adamiani erTxel wamoego èmociur satyuaras~, mere
misi marTva Zalian advili xdeba. narkomani, faqtobrivad, damoki-
debulia ara preparatze, aramed emociaze. rac unda paradoqsu-
lad JRerdes, pirvel rigSi, mniSvneloba aqvs ara emociis modalo-
bas (dadebiTia is Tu uaryofiTi), aramed intensivobas. rac ufro
Zlieria intensivoba, miT ufro Zlieri damokidebuleba yalibdeba.
rogor ganvasxvavoT damokidebuleba da, ubralod, gataceba?

raRaciT gatacebul adamians SenarCunebuli aqvs gare samyaros-
Tan srulyofili kontaqti, mas sWirdeba Tavisi sayvareli saqmia-
nobidan yuradRebis sxva rameze gadatana da misgan dasveneba. igi
ar ugulebelyofs axloblebis interesebs, mas SeuZlia siamovneba
sxva rameSic povos.
adiqtiuri qcevisgan ganTavisufleba Zalian Znelia. yvela saxis

adiqtiur qcevas erTi meqanizmi udevs safuZvlad, kerZod, rea-
lobisgan gaqcevis survili. erTi saxis damokidebulebisgan ganTa-
visuflebis Semdeg adamiani SeiZleba sxva saxis damokidebulebis
tyveobaSi aRmoCndes, radgan gare samyarosTan misi urTierTobis
saSualebebi ucvleli rCeba. amitom, xSirad xdeba, rom pirovne-
ba, romelic wyvets aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmarebas, iwyebs
loTobas an TavdaviwyebiT eSveba azartuli TamaSebis morevSi.
ra Tqma unda, arc erTi Cvengani ar aris bolomde Tavisufali

Tavis qmedebaSi – siyvaruli, col-qmruli an megobruli movaleo-
77
bebi, pasuxismgebloba axlobeli adamianebis winaSe – yvelaferi es
damokidebuls gvxdis garemoze, magram sakuTari moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofilebaze damokidebuleba, iqneba es kvebiTi, seqsualuri
Tu narkotikuli, ganapirobebs adamianis pirovnul da fiziolo-
giur regress.
4. ratom moixmaren mozardebi narkotikebs
gardatexis asakisTvis damaxasiaTebeli gamZafrebuli cnobismo-

yvareoba, xasiaTis paradoqsuloba, egocentrizmi, avtoritete-
bis winaaRmdeg brZolis moTxovnileba, mZafri STabeWdilebebisa
da damoukideblobisken swrafva, problemebTan gamklavebisa da
adaptaciis arasakmarisi unari mozards bevr sirTules uqmnis.
es sirTuleebi iwvevs SfoTvas, daZabulobas, daurwmuneblobis
grZnobas da Sinagani wonasworobis dakargvas. am usiamovno ganc-
debisTvis Tavis daRwevis erT-erT saSualebad SeiZleba fsiqoaq-
tiuri nivTiereba iyos gamoyenebuli.

specialistebi adiqtiuri qcevis ramdenime models gamoyofen:
1. damamSvidebeli modeli – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba
xdeba sulieri simSvidis mopovebis mizniT. narkotikebis saSuale-
biT cdiloben, moixsnan nervuli daZabuloba, dawynardnen, gani-
muxton, gaeqcnen usiamovno realobas an cxovrebiseul proble-
mebs (`narkotiks viReb imisTvis, rom ufro mSvidad viyo~).
mozardebi, romlebsac uZneldebaT interpersonaluri urTier-

Tobebi da uWirT garemosTan Segueba, mudmivi fsiqikuri daZabu-
lobis mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. mozardebisTvis, romlebmac ar
ician, rogor daareguliron urTierTobebi ojaxSi, skolaSi, me-
gobrebTan, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi igivea, rac wyalwaRebuli
kacisTvis xavsze moWideba. iqmneba imis saSiSroeba, rom cxovre-
baSi nebismier winaaRmdegobasTan Sejaxebisas es adamiani realo-
bisgan gaqcevis saSualebad fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebas gamoiyenebs.
zogjer, fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi emociuri diskomfortis (de-

presia, SfoTva, apaTia) mosaxsnelad gamoiyeneba; adamianebs surT,
narkotikebis daxmarebiT gaiumjobeson guneba-ganwyobileba
rTul, kritikul cxovrebiseul situaciebSi miaRwion emociur
78
komforts. fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze miCveva, rogorc TviT-
mkurnalobis erT-erTi `saSualeba~, SeiZleba ganviTardes nevro-
zuli an fsiqikuri aSlilobebis sawyis etapze, roca am aSlilo-
bebis aSkara niSnebi jer gamovlenili ar aris.
2. komunikaciuri modeli – narkotikebze miCvevis es modeli

SeiZleba aRmocendes, Tuki ar kmayofildeba Tbili, wrfeli da
uSualo urTierTobebis, siyvarulis moTxovnileba. fsiqoaqtiu-
ri nivTierebebis fonze mozards uadvildeba TanatolebTan
urTierToba, xdeba ufro Tamami da Tavdajerebuli (`narkotiks
viReb imisTvis, rom gamiadvildes sxvebTan urTierToba~). cnobi-
lia, rom alkoholizmiT daavadebulTa daaxloebiT 30%-ma daiw-
yo imiT, rom sxva adamianebTan (gansakuTrebiT, sapirispiro sqesis
warmomadgenelTan) Sexvedris win siTamamisTvis iRebda alkoho-
lis mcire dozas. am meTods, ufro xSirad, sakuTar TavSi Caketi-
li, daurwmunebeli, emociurad mowyvladi mozardebi mimarTaven.
3. gamaaqtivebeli modeli – zogjer alkoholsa da narkotikebs

mozardebi ZalTa mozRvavebis, tonusSi yofnis, aqtiurobis mo-
matebis mizniT moixmaren. gardatexis periodisTvis damaxasiaTe-
beli dabali TviTSefaseba, sakuTar Zalebsa da SesaZleblobebSi
daurwmunebloba maT diskomforts uqmnis; Trobis mdgomareobaSi
ufro advilia realuri da warmosaxviTi SesaZleblobebis reali-
zeba, `gmiruli saqcielis~ Cadena. sxva SemTxvevebSi narkotikebis
miReba mowyenilobis, sulieri sicarielisa da umoqmedobis mdgo-
mareobisagan Tavis daRwevis mcdelobaa.
4. hedonisturi modeli – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi gamoiyene-

ba siamovnebis miRebis, fsiqofizikuri komfortis miRwevis miz-
niTac (`narkotiks viReb imitom, rom me es momwons~). mozardebi
cdiloben, Seiqmnan moCvenebiTi fantastikuri samyaro, SeigrZ-
non gancxromis mdgomareoba. qimiuri saSualebebiT siamovnebis
miRebisaken swrafvis mizezs is warmoadgens, rom maT ara aqvT
saSualeba, an ar ician, rogor gairTon Tavi sxva gziT (sportu-
li, SemoqmedebiTi an sxva aqtivoba) da narkotikis miRebis gziT
cdiloben daukmayofilebeli moTxovnilebebis realizebas. Tuki
narkotikulma Trobam sasurveli siamovneba mianiWa mozards, mas
Zalian male emuqreba am nivTierebaze miCvevis saSiSroeba.
79
5. konformuli modeli – mozardis swrafva, mihbaZos, ar CamorCes
Tanatolebs, aRiarebuli iyos maT mier, SeiZleba fsiqoaqtiuri
nivTierebebis moxmarebis mizezad mogvevlinos. Zalian xSirad
narkotikis moxmareba iwyeba araformalur jgufebSi. imisTvis,
rom miRebuli iyos jgufSi, SeigrZnos jgufisadmi mikuTvnebu-
lobis sasiamovno mdgomareoba, gaimyaros socialuri statusi,
mozardi iZulebulia gaiziaros jgufSi arsebuli yvela norma
Tu qcevis modeli (`narkotiks viReb imitom, rom Cemi megobrebic
ase iqcevian~). am modelis ganviTareba dakavSirebulia mozardis
swrafvasTan, mihbaZos liderebs, yovelgvari kritikis gareSe gad-
moiRos yvelaferi im koleqtivisgan, romelsac is miekuTvneba.
6. manipulaciuri modeli – SesaZloa, mozardma fsiqoaqtiuri

nivTierebebis moxmareba sxvebiT manipulirebis, situaciis sa-
Tavisod Semobrunebis an raime upiratesobis mopovebis mizniT
daiwyos. magaliTad, zogjer mozardebi alkohols an narkotiks
etanebian yuradRebis misaqcevad an sakuTari unikalurobis sade-
monstraciod; zogierTebi ki narkotikebis saSualebiT cdiloben,
akontrolon situacia, lideris rolSi mogvevlinon.
7. kompensatoruli modeli – qcevis am models ganapirobebs pi-

rovnuli arasrulfasovnebis an xasiaTis disharmoniis kompensi-
rebis saWiroeba. narkotikis moxmareba SeiZleba warmoadgendes
siZneleebze reagirebis formas im mozardebisTvis, vinc mZafrad
ganicdis konfliqtebs da nebismier siZneles skolaSi Tu saxlSi;
es maT sirTuleebis daZlevis STabeWdilebas uqmnis da usiamovno
gancdebisTvis Tavis aridebis saSualebas aZlevs.
mozardobis periodis krizisi adiqtiuri qcevis formirebis

mniSvnelovan risk-faqtors warmoadgens... da mainc, ratom moix-
maren mozardebi narkotikebs? am urTules kiTxvas pirobiTad
SeiZleba ase vupasuxoT:
1. imitom, rom narkotiki xelmisawvdomi gaxda da mas adamia-

nebs sTavazoben, rogorc aralegaluri bazris produqts;
2. imitom, rom mozardis uaxloes garemocvaSi bevri adamiani

moixmars narkotiks da masac sTavazoben, mas ki winaaRmde-
gobis gawevis resursi ar gaaCnia;
80
3. imitom, rom mozardis fsiqika gansakuTrebiT mowyvladia
da gardatexis periodis fsiqologiuri Taviseburebebi no-
yier niadags qmnis narkotikebis moxmarebisTvis;
4. imitom, rom mozardisTvis Zalian mniSvnelovania efeqtu-

ri urTierTobebis damyareba (socializacia); garkveuli
jgufisadmi `mikuTvnebuloba~ misTvis damoukideblobisa
da TviTdamkvidrebis erT-erTi gamovlinebaa. narkotikebis
pirveli miRebis mizezs xSirad swored mikrosocialur ga-
remocvaSi TviTdamkvidrebis survili warmoadgens;
5. imitom, rom Cvens sazogadoebaSi mimdinareobs faseuloba-

Ta gadafasebis mtkivneuli procesi – daimsxvra Zveli Ri-
rebulebebi da normebi, axali ki jer Camoyalibebis pro-
cesSia; aseT viTarebaSi gacilebiT advilia adamianebiT
manipulireba;
6. imitom, rom narkotikebis paTologiuri zemoqmedeba iwyeba

organizmis molekulur doneze, xolo narkotikuli damo-
kidebuleba yalibdeba organizmis Semadgeneli funqciuri
sistemebis doneze; Tumca am procesebs adamiani ver aRi-
qvams da, Sesabamisad, dasawyisSi safrTxesac ver grZnobs,
vidre narkotikuli damokidebulebis xafangSi ar aRmoCn-
deba.
5. sociumis zegavlena adiqtiuri qcevis formirebaze
narkomania TiTqos gamZleobis gamocdas uwyobs mTel sazoga-

doebas: rogoria aRzrdis xarisxi, sazogadoebrivi zneobisa da
socialuri samarTlianobis done?! ramdenad aris sazogadoeba
mzad, moagvaros socialuri problemebi da a. S. rac ufro meti
problemaa sazogadoebaSi, miT ufro noyieri niadagi eqmneba nar-
komaniis gavrcelebas. uxeSi Sedareba rom moviyvanoT: Sidsis vi-
rusiT inficirebuli adamianis organizmi imunitetis daqveiTe-
bis gamo imdenad dauZlurebulia, rom nebismieri susti infeqci-
is msxverpli xdeba. aseve, mZime socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebisa
da sxvadasxva socialuri kataklizmebis Sedegad dauZlurebuli
sazogadoeba, TiTqosda, fsiqologiuri imunodeficitis mdgoma-
81
reobaSia da am dros mZafrad iCens Tavs agresiuloba, Zaladoba,
depresia, narkomania da sxva qceviTi gadaxrebi.
ojaxi bavSvis socializaciis pirveli institutia. ojaxis funq-

ciuri daniSnuleba mravalgvaria: aRmzrdelobiTi, emociuri, su-
lieri urTierTobis, pirveladi socialuri kontrolis funqcie-
bi da sxva. pirvel rigSi, ojaxi unda uzrunvelyofdes emociur
funqcias, romelic ojaxis wevrebs aRiarebis, pativiscemis, emo-
ciuri mxardaWerisa da fsiqologiuri daculobis moTxovnile-
bebs ukmayofilebs. emociuri stabilurobis darRveva iwvevs mo-
matebul SfoTvas, realobis winaSe SiSs, usafrTxoebis grZnobis
dakargvas da adamianebisadmi undoblobas. ndobaze damyarebuli
urTierTobebis nakleboba ki aZnelebs socializaciis process.
imisaTvis, rom xeli Seuwyon mozardis socialur momwifebas, erTi
mxriv, mSoblebma Svilebs unda Seuqmnan Tbili, mosiyvarule gare-
mo, meore mxriv, unda Seeguon mozardis mzard avtonomias – is xom
damoukidebeli cxovrebisTvis emzadeba. am procesis warmatebas
mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs mSoblebis qcevis stili.
qarTuli mravalTaobiani ojaxebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia bavS-

vebTan urTierTobis Sereuli stili. gansxvavebuli, xSirad ur-
TierTgamomricxavi moTxovnebi bavSvebis mimarT, bavSvis fsiqi-
kaSi aisaxeba, rogorc Sinagani konfliqti. amas garda, gasaTva-
liswinebelia qarTuli aRzrdis iseTi Taviseburebebi, romlebic
zRudavs pirovnebis avtonomias:
→ mSoblebis mxridan gadaWarbebuli mzrunveloba da kon-
troli, rac zogjer Zaladobis tolfasia;
82
→ zemeurveoba, gansakuTrebiT dedebis mxridan, rasac xSi-
rad SeniRbuli emociuri ugulebelyofa axlavs Tan;
→ Svilebis òjaxis status-simbolod~ aRqma – mSoblebi ai-
Zuleben Svilebs, icxovron ise, rogorc `maT ojaxs See-
fereba~, uzRudaven arCevanis Tavisuflebas;
→ ramdenime Taobis erT WerqveS cxovrebis tradicia da
arasakmarisi sacxovrebeli sivrce.
meore mxriv, dRevandeli qalebis umravlesoba ufro met dros

uTmobs karieras da samsaxurs, vidre ojaxs. Sesabamisad, bavSve-
bis garkveul nawils aklia yuradReba da kontroli. Tavisufali
drois deficits dRes yvela ganicdis, gansakuTrebiT es im dros
exeba, romelic bavSvebs unda eTmobodes. mSoblebs ar unda daa-
viwydeT, rom bavSvs Zalian sWirdeba maTi siyvaruli, romelsac
verc bebia-babua Secvlis, verc SesaniSnavi ZiZa da verc saTama-
Soebi da saCuqrebi.
skola mniSvnelovan zegavlenas axdens bavSvis yoveldRiur cxo-

vrebasa da ganviTarebis perspeqtivebze. skolas mravalgvari
funqcia akisria: codnis gadacema, kulturuli da moraluri Ri-
rebulebebis Camoyalibeba, socialuri adaptaciisa da pirovnu-
li zrdis xelSewyoba. erTi pedagogi ambobda: «me Zalian kargad
vici, ra sWirdeba bavSvs, me es zepirad vici. bavSvs sWirdeba, rom
aRiaron, pativi scen, uyvardeT, endobodnen; mas sWirdeba mxar-
daWera, yuradReba, garToba... mas Zalian bevri ram sWirdeba! me ki
momeTxoveba mxolod solomonis sibrZne, froidis gamWriaxoba,
ainStainis codna da deda terezas Tavdadeba!»
83
qveyanaSi mimdinare movlenebs Sedegad is mohyva, rom, faqtobri-
vad, dRevandel pedagogebs mxrebze tvirTad daawva yvelaferi,
rasac saxelmwifo manqana ver umklavdeba. maswavlebelma unda
awarmoos saswavlo procesi, uzrunvelyos moswavleTa sociali-
zacia, maTi sulieri faseulobebis formireba, ebrZolos aRsazr-
delTa qceviT gadaxrebs, maT Soris, alkoholizmsa da narkoma-
nias.
uxerxulia, materialuri da yofiTi problemebiT damZimebul

maswavleblebs axal-axali funqciebi daakisro, magram versad wa-
vuvalT im WeSmaritebas, rom skolas mozardi Taobis aRzrda-
Si umniSvnelovanesi funqcia akisria. yvelaferTan erTad, skola
aris adgili, sadac TanatolTa garemocvaSi mozardi sxvadasx-
va qcevebis mosinjvasa da eqsperimentirebas iwyebs (maT Soris,
narkotikebis gasinjvasac), da, meore mxriv, skola axalgazrdebSi
cxovrebis jansaRi wesis danergvis unikalur saSualebas iZleva.
mozardis pirovnuli zrdisa da socialuri momwifebis xelSewyo-
ba adiqtiuri qcevis profilaqtikis saukeTeso saSualebaa.
masobrivi informaciis saSualebebis wamyvani roli Cvens cxo-

vrebaSi udavoa – nabeWdi da eleqtronuli media, faqtobrivad,
gvaZlevs codnas qveynebis, adamianebis, politikis, istoriis, eko-
nomikis, kriminalis Sesaxeb. gvawvdis qcevis rolur modelebs,
ayalibebs Cvens ganwyobebsa da Rirebulebebs politikaSi, ur-
TierTobaSi, saqmianobaSi. mediis dominanturi roli Cveni da Cve-
ni axalgazrdebis cxovrebaSi sxvadasxvagvarad mJRavndeba. bevri
Cvengani TiTqmis mTeli dRis manZilze mediis momxmareblad gve-
vlineba. axalgazrdebis mier kompiuterTan da televizorTan ga-
tarebuli Tu popularuli musikis mosmenaze da filmebze daxar-
juli dro bevrad aWarbebs skolasa da wignebze daxarjul dros.
media warmarTavs Cveni Rirebulebebisa da azrebis formirebis

process. is gvawvdis ara ubralod informacias, aramed gviCvenebs
am informaciis danaxvisa da gagebis gzebsac. mediis am rolis
gacnobiereba kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs gavrcelebul mosazre-
bas, rom mediis funqciebi mxolod auditoriisTvis axali ambebis,
informaciisa da reklamis miwodebiT Semoifargleba. problema
is aris, rom masobrivi informaciis calkeuli saSualeba, sakuTa-
ri interesebidan gamomdinare, Taviseburad àkodirebs~ da `qmnis~
realobas.
84
amdenad, dReisTvis eleqtronuli media metad gavlenian da ga-

vrcelebul àRmzrdelad~ gvevlineba. mediis mier Cveni axal-
gazrdoba ganuwyvetliv ìbombeba~ Sereuli cnobebiT Tambaqos,
alkoholisa da narkotikebis Sesaxeb, romlebic gankuTvnilia
ufrosebisTvis da romelTa interpretireba arasworad xdeba ba-
vSvebis mier. araswori an gaufrTxilebeli midgomiT, nebsiT Tu
uneblieT, SesaZloa, mediam fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebis propagan-
da da reklamireba awarmoos.
Cveni sazogadoebis ganviTarebis istorias ukanaskneli aTwleu-

lis manZilze SeiZleba gaxangrZilvebuli stresuli situacia
vuwodoT, rac, bunebrivia, am sazogadoebis wevrebis fsiqologiur
mdgomareobazec aisaxa. gardamaval periodSi adamianebi daucve-
lobisa da arastabilurobis gancdam moicva. apaTia, mzardi skep-
ticizmi, cinizmi, fatalizmi da uimedoba Cveulebriv movlenad
iqca. gaurkveveli momavliT SeSinebuli adamianebi mistirian war-
suls, eZeben damnaSaves, visac pasuxs mosTxoven arsebuli situa-
ciis gamo, xdebian ufro agresiulni. faseulobaTa devalvacia,
Zaladoba, sisastike da agresiuloba sazogadoebis Rrma moralu-
ri krizisis maCvenebelia.
ukanasknel wlebSi saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma ga-

moiwvia Zveli Rirebulebebisa da normebis umravlesobis gaufa-
sureba. amavdroulad, Cndeba axali, àlternatiuli~ Rirebule-
bebi. RirebulebaTa gadafasebis es procesi sakmaod mtkivneuli
aRmoCnda sazogadoebisTvis. deklarirebuli da realuri Rire-
bulebebis winaaRmdegobrivi xasiaTi SeiZleba fsiqoaqtiuri ni-
vTierebebis moxmarebis arapirdapir mastimulirebel faqtorad
mogvevlinos. òrmagi morali~ Rrmad aris fesvgadgmuli yvela
socialur sferoSi – dawyebuli sabavSvo baRidan, yvelaze maRali
instanciebiT damTavrebuli. yvelasTvis nacnobia situacia, roca
85
bavSvs ufrosebi erTs eubnebian da Tavad sruliad sapirispiros
akeTeben. magaliTad, bavSvs vuCiCinebT, rom alkoholuri sasmeli
cudia da, amave dros, mondomebiT vaZalebT sasmels stumars, ro-
melsac ar surs daleva.
bavSvebis erTi nawili iolad iTvisebs am `TamaSis wesebs~ – eCve-

va TvalTmaqcobas, uCndeba cinikuri damokidebuleba idealebis an
zneobrivi normebis mimarT; sxvebi ganicdian, cdiloben, gaerkvnen
winaaRmdegobebSi, uWirT am amocanasTan gamklaveba da, saerTod,
uars amboben socialuri normebis, anu `TamaSis wesebis~ aTvisebaze.
dRes Cvens sazogadoebaSi saxezea erTgvari paradoqsi: aris SemTx-

vevebi, roca umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone adamianebi kvalificiu-
ri samuSaos SesrulebaSi ufro dabal anazRaurebas iReben, vidre
isini, vinc dabali kvalifikaciis samuSaoTi arian dakavebuli. iqm-
neba STabeWdileba, TiTqos moazrovne, ganaTlebuli adamianebi
ar sWirdeba sazogadoebas, socialurma prestiJma dakarga Tavisi
adrindeli mniSvneloba. Sesabamisad, ganaTlebis prestiJic qveiT-
deba da Tavis WeSmarit Rirebulebas kargavs. amitom, bavSvebsa da
mozardebs guli naklebad miuwevT swavlisken, CauqraT mecniere-
bis, xelovnebis, literaturis interesi. ar ician, riTi dakavdnen
Tavisufal dros, es ki maT axali, mZafri STabeWdilebebis gancdi-
sa da cnobierebis Secvlis xelovnuri gzebis Ziebisken ubiZgebs.
sxeulis sijansaReze zrunvas naklebi mniSvneloba eniWeba. eko-

nomikuri problemebis gamo mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili aras-
rulfasovnad ikvebeba da mZime sayofacxovrebo pirobebSi cxo-
vrobs; Cveni mosaxleobis didi nawili stressa da avadmyofobis
simptomebs naklebad aqcevs yuradRebas, vidre janmrTelobis
seriozuli problemebi ar Seeqmneba. ekonomikuri siduxWire, fa-
siani samedicino momsaxureba, medikamentebis intensiuri rekla-
mireba da xelmisawvdomoba, dadebiTi ganwyoba TviTmkurnalobis
mimarT ganapirobebs imas, rom kvalificiuri samedicino daxmare-
bisTvis mimarTva gviandeba; janmrTelobisadmi aseTi daudevari
midgoma arTulebs cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidrebas. Znelia,
am fonze mozards sakuTar janmrTelobaze zrunvis saWiroeba
dausabuTo. amas xels isic uSlis, rom sportul-gamajansaRebeli
dawesebulebebi cotaa, fasiania da bevrs xeli ar miuwvdeba, xolo
qalaqebis dasaxlebul mikroraionebSi ar aris sakmarisi adgile-
bi sportuli TamaSebisa da aqtiuri dasvenebisTvis.
86
Cven sazogadoebaSi protesti vrceldeba tradiciebze da socia-

lur normebzec. am protestis gaRvivebas masmediac uwyobs xels
dasavluri stereotipebis propagandiT.
narkomaniis gavrceleba materialurad uzrunvelyofil fenebSi

qmnis imis saSiSroebas, rom axalgazrdam narkotiki aRiqvas ke-
TildReobis erT-erT atributad da prestiJul gasarTobad. miT
umetes, rom arc media da verc sazogadoeba ver sTavazobs mo-
zard Taobas dadebiT alternatiul xats.
6. rodis aRmocendeba narkotikisadmi interesi

1. 8-11 weli – am asakis bavSvebs ainteresebT yvelaferi, rac nar-
kotikebTan aris dakavSirebuli. maTTvis narkotiki idumalebiT
moculi, ucnobi da akrZaluli samyaroa da rogorc yvelaferi
idumali, ucnobi da akrZaluli, es samyaroc gansakuTrebul cno-
bismoyvareobas da interess iwvevs; narkotikebis Sesaxeb maT yur-
mokruli, nawyvet-nawyveti informacia aqvT, erTeulebs SeiZleba
gasinjulic hqondeT. maT subkulturaSi narkotikis moxmareba
jer kidev ar aris aRiarebuli normad. aqtiuri moxmareba yve-
laze xSirad inhalantebTan (sayofacxovrebo qimiis aqroladi
produqtebi: webo, benzini da sxva) aris dakavSirebuli.
2. 11-14 weli – narkotikebis Sesaxeb am asakobriv jgufSi sakmaod

bevri ician, Tumca informacia calmxriv xasiaTs atarebs da yu-
radReba ZiriTadad narkotikis mimzidvel mxareze maxvildeba. in-
formaciis ZiriTad wyaros nacnobebi warmoadgenen. narkotikebis
mimarT ganwyoba ufro pozitiuria da garkveuli `momxibvlelobis
Saravandedi~ axlavs. narkotikebis moxmarebis safrTxe saTanadod
87
ar fasdeba. problemaze mxolod erTmaneTSi saubroben. aqtiurad
ganixileba e. w. `msubuqi~ narkotikebis moxmarebis SesaZleblo-
ba. vinaidan am asakSi ufro metad xelmisawvdomia sayofacxovrebo
qimiis nawarmi da medikamentebi (benzini, webo, acetoni, damamSvi-
debeli abebi), da, amave dros, musirebs mcdari mosazreba, rom es
saSualebebi SedarebiT usafrTxoa, mozardebi swored am saSuale-
bebiT eziarebian xolme fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebs.
3. 14-17 weli – yvelaze kritikuli asakia nebismieri fsiqoaqtiu-

ri nivTierebiT eqsperimentirebis dawyebis TvalsazrisiT. am
periods xSirad damoukideblobis asaks uwodeben. narkotikTan
pirveli Sexeba ufro xSirad ufrosebis kontrolisgan Tavisu-
fal teritoriaze – diskoTekaze, axalgazrdul wveulebaze, sadme
naklebad xalxmraval adgilas xdeba. umravlesobas ukve saku-
Tar Tavze aqvs gamocdili narkotikis efeqtebi. fsiqoaqtiuri
nivTierebebis zemoqmedebisa da moxmarebis riskis Sesaxeb infor-
maciis mozRvavebis kvaldakval yalibdeba garkveuli pozicia
narkotikebis moxmarebis mimarT. ZiriTadad xuT aseT pozicias
gamoyofen:
1. ìsini, vinc Tavadac moixmars da sxvebsac mouwodebs narko-

tikebis gamoyenebisaken~ – am jgufis warmomadgenlebi nar-
kotikebis moxmarebas Tavdajerebulobis, damoukideblo-
bis, Zlierebis gamoxatulebad miiCneven. narkotikebisadmi
aqtiuri interesi pragmatul azrs iZens: xdeba sxvadasxva
narkotikuli saSualebis mosinjva, maTi efeqtis gaZliere-
bisa da riskis Semcirebis gzebis Zieba. am procesSi sxvebis
CaTrevis survils SeiZleba safuZvlad edos rwmena, rom
narkotikebis moxmareba `kargi tonia~; ar aris gamoricxu-
li merkantiluri interesebic (materialuri an sxva sarge-
beli).
2. ìsini, vinc moixmars narkotiks, magram acnobierebs safr-
Txes~ – ar cdiloben sxvebis mozidvas, sakuTar Tavs msxver-
plad miiCneven; bevrs unda, ganTavisufldes am `damRupveli
Cvevisgan~, magram saamisod ar hyofnis nebisyofa da gambe-
daoba. am jgufSi SeiZleba iyvnen iseTebic, vinc Segnebulad
midis TviTganadgurebaze, rom `viRacas raRac daumtkicos~.
3. àqtiuri mowinaaRmdegeebi~ – es yvelaze mcirericxovani
jgufia, romlis warmomadgenelTa pozicia ase JRers: `me
arasodes movixmar narkotikebs da yvelanairad vecdebi, rom
88
es ubedureba Cems megobrebsac avarido~. zogjer es pozicia
adekvatur codnazea damyarebuli, magram ufro xSirad mas
safuZvlad emociuri miuRebloba udevs.
4. `gulgrili mowinaaRmdegeebi~ – am jgufis warmomadgenel-
Ta koncefcia Semdegia: `me ar movixmar narkotikebs, magram
sxvebis saqmeSi ar verevi. Tu undaT Tavis mowamvla, es maTi
gadasawyvetia~.
5. ìsini, visac jer ara aqvs Camoyalibebuli pozicia am Tval-
sazrisiT~ – am jgufis warmomadgenlebi wina oTxi jgufis
potenciuri wevrebi arian.
7. narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia

xSirad gvesmis kiTxvebi: dasaSvebia Tu ara narkomaniis proble-
maze axalgazrdebTan saubari? iqneb, sxva alternativac arsebobs?
saerTod, aqvs ki azri amis keTebas? am kiTxvebze pasuxi aseTia: mu-
Saobas azri aqvs im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki saWiro da swori informacia
miewodeba swori gziT.
narkotikebis moxmareba didi xnis winaT gadaiqca sayovelTao

problemad da rogorc nebismieri globaluri problema, isic ar
SeiZleba darCes saganmanaTleblo sistemis yuradRebis miRma.
Tuki Tanamedrove skolis mizania iseTi saganmanaTleblo gare-
mos Seqmna, romelic xels uwyobs bavSvis yovelmxriv ganviTare-
bas, skola verafriT auvlis gverds narkomaniis prevenciisa da
cxovrebis jansaRi stilis danergvis strategiebs.
89
yvelaze kargi da keTilsaimedo saskolo garemoc ki ver moswy-
deba socialur sinamdviles, romelSic axalgazrdebis mier nar-
kotikebis moxmareba Cveulebrivi movlena gaxda. araerTi gamok-
vleva adasturebs, rom mozardebma narkotikebis Sesaxeb bevrad
meti ician, vidre maTma mSoblebma da pedagogebma da rom maTi
codnis ZiriTad wyaros quCa warmoadgens. quCa, xSir SemTxveva-
Si, romantikul saburvelSi xvevs narkotiks da arafers ambobs
mis saSiSroebaze. SeuZlebelia narkotikebisgan mozardebis sru-
li izolireba, magram SesaZlebelia, vaswavloT maT narkotikebis
gaazrebuli uaryofa.
narkomaniis Tavidan acilebis Tanamedrove adreuli, anu pirve-

ladi profilaqtika dafuZnebulia imaze, rom mis centrSi moTav-
sebulia mozardi da misi cxovrebis sami ZiriTadi sfero – ojaxi,
saganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba da Tavisufali dro. narkomaniis
pirveladi prevencia – es aris socialuri, saganmanaTleblo da
samedicino-fsiqologiuri RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, romelic
gvexmareba, Tavidan aviciloT avadmyofuri damokidebulebis ga-
momwvevi fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebis moxmareba.
skolaSi narkomaniis profilaqtikuri strategiebis gatarebisas

mniSvnelovania imis gacnobiereba, rom profilaqtika ara marto
aqciebisa da RonisZiebebis sistemaa, aramed, pirvel yovlisa, es
aris mecnierulad dasabuTebuli midgoma. narkomaniis prevenciu-
li programebis efeqturobis Sefasebis Sedegad janmrTelobis
msoflio organizaciam SeimuSava Semdegi rekomendaciebi:
1. mcdaria mosazreba, rom adamianis qcevis Sesacvlelad sakmarisia

mxolod sasargeblo informaciis miwodeba.
antinarkotikuli aRzrdis tipuri Secdoma mdgomareobs imaSi,
rom xSirad mas antinarkotikul propagandasTan aigiveben da
calmxrivad axorcieleben – ZiriTadad, daSinebis gziT. daSinebis
taqtikis araefeqturoba didi xnis winaT damtkicda. akrZalve-
biTa da daSinebiT adamians ver aswavli janmrTelad cxovrebas;
bavSvi, aRwevs ra mozardobis periods, iwyebs ufrosebis qcevis
kritikul Sefasebas da maT mier Seqmnili barierebis gadalax-
vis gziT cdilobs TviTdamkvidrebas. amrigad, rac ufro aqtiu-
rad vecdebiT ufrosebi SemaSinebeli sainformacio programebis
ganxorcielebas, miT ufro aqtiurad vubiZgebT mozardebs akr-
Zalvebis gadalaxvisken. amas garda, saSinelebaTa filmebze gazr-
90
dili Tanamedrove mozardis daSineba, cota ar iyos, rTuli saq-
mea; ufro metic, meTodologebis azriT, aseTi daSinebis Sedegad
narkotikebi mimzidveli riskis zonaSi xvdeba mozardisTvis, ro-
melic, asakis Taviseburebebidan gamomdinare, eqsperimentirebis-
ken iswrafvis da yvelafris mosinjva surs.
2. paTologiaze orientirebuli midgoma naklebad efeqturia.

ra Tqma unda, narkotikebi fizikur janmrTelobaze damRupvelad
moqmedebs, magram narkotikebTan brZolas arTulebs swored maTi
sabediswero mimzidveloba, romelic aiZulebs adamians, ucbad mi-
Rebuli siamovnebisTvis arad Caagdos momavalSi mosalodneli
mavne Sedegebi.
amas garda, gasaTvaliswinebelia erTi garemoeba: roca axalgazr-

debs vuxsniT, rom alkoholisa Tu narkotikebis moxmarebis Sede-
gad isini momavalSi SeiZleba daavaddnen romelime saSiSi seniT,
aseTi informacia, Cveulebriv, sasurvel STabeWdilebas ver ax-
dens. maT jer kidev ara aqvT kargad gacnobierebuli momavlis
perspeqtiva. isini dRevandeli dRiT cxovroben. mozardisTvis
5-8 weli mTeli cxovrebaa, 2-3 weli ki – sakmaod Soreuli pers-
peqtiva. Tanatolebis jgufSi myofi mozardisTvis naklebad aq-
tualuria romelime mosalodneli daavadebis, Tundac RviZlis
dazianebis safrTxe, magram sakmaod didia uCveulo siamovnebis
miRebis survili.
3. informaciis miwodebis procesSi urTierTobis stili `maswavle-

beli–moswavle~ naklebad efeqturia, miuxedavad gadacemuli in-
formaciis xarisxisa.
didaqtikur meTodebTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT efeqturia meTo-
debi, romlebic dafuZnebulia interaqtiur saSualebebze – ur-
TierTobis dialogur stilze, mecadineobebis agebis jgufur
principze da cxovrebiseuli unarebis formirebis fsiqoteqni-
kur meTodebze. iTvleba, rom jgufuri diskusiebi da gadawyveti-
lebaTa erToblivad miReba problemis gadaWris yvelaze efeqtu-
ri gzebia.
91
axalgazrdebisTvis informaciis miwodeba SesaZlebelia àrapir-

dapiri swavlebis~ meTodiT. es meTodi didi xania cnobilia da
warmatebiT gamoiyeneba pedagogebis mier. narkotikebsa da narko-
maniasTan dakavSirebuli sainformacio masala SeiZleba warmate-
biT iyos gamoyenebuli sxvadasxva sagnebis swavlebis konteqstSi.
magaliTad, Tuki istoriis gakveTilze maswavlebeli romelime
omze saubrisas moswavleebs mouyveba e. w. òpiumis omebis~ Se-
saxeb, narkotikebis rolze xalxis damorCilebis procesSi; bio-
logiis maswavlebeli miawvdis informacias adamianis organizmze
narkotikebis zemoqmedebis Sesaxeb; informatikis maswavlebeli
moiyvans magaliTebs narkotikebis gamoyenebiT informaciuli
omis warmoebis Sesaxeb, xolo maTematikis maswavlebeli miscems
amocanas, gamoiTvalon narkotikebis gamoyenebis Sedegad sikvdi-
lianobis procenti da a. S., amas dasWirdeba mxolod ramdenime
wuTi gakveTilis msvlelobis dros.
aravis uyvars Wkuis darigeba, gansakuTrebiT – bavSvebs. am me-

TodiT, SeumCnevlad da `sxvaTa Soris~ miwodebuli informacia
mozardis cnobierebaSi rCeba. narkotikebisa da narkomaniis mi-
marT adekvaturi damokidebulebis formireba iseve SeumCnevlad
xdeba, rogorc, magaliTad, arc erTs ar gvaxsovs, vin da rodis
gvaswavla, rom WuWyiani gubidan wyali ar unda davlioT, magram
viciT amis Sesaxeb da arc vakeTebT amas.
mokled, aseTi gziT SesaZlebelia, Seiqmnas `narkotikebis miuRe-

blobis~ erTgvari mudmivad moqmedi foni, moxdes informaciuli
velis Camoyalibeba, romelic SeumCnevlad imoqmedebs mozardis
fsiqikis cnobier da aracnobier doneebze.
92
4. Tanamedrove prevenciuli ganaTleba «somaturi» modelidan
TandaTan inacvlebs «pirovnebaTSoris» modelze, Tumca es ori mo-
deli erTmaneTs avsebs da maTi erTdrouli gamoyeneba bevrad efeq-
turia.
narkomaniis prevenciis era msoflioSi 1960-iani wlebidan daiwyo
sainformacio programebis ganxorcielebiT. mozardebs miewode-
bodaT informacia janmrTelobaze narkotikebis damRupveli ze-
gavlenis Sesaxeb (somaturi modeli).
calmxrivi, `daSinebis~ taqtika efeqturi ar aRmoCnda. 70-iani

wlebidan daiwyes axalgazrdebisTvis narkotikebis Sesaxeb srul-
yofili da obieqturi informaciis miwodebis strategiis ganxor-
cieleba. strategiam gaamarTla, magram sakmarisi ar aRmoCnda.
70-iani wlebis bolodan scades, yuradReba gaemaxvilebinaT iseTi

qcevebis Secvlaze, romlebic alkoholisa da narkotikebis mox-
marebis xelSemwyob faqtorebad iTvleba. aqcenti gakeTda axal-
gazrdebisaTvis sxvadasxva unar-Cvevebis swavlebaze. miuxedavad
imisa, rom aseT midgomas pozitiuri Sedegebi mohyva, narkomaniis
zrdis tendenciis Semcirebaze mniSvnelovani zegavlena ar mou-
xdenia.
80-ian wlebSi daiwyes mozardebisTvis jansaRi alternativebis

SeTavazeba. es midgoma miznad isaxavda bunebrivi gziT siamovne-
bis miRebas (igulisxmeba bunebis wiaRSi garToba, TamaSi, laSqro-
bebi, sporti da sxva).
mravalwliani Ziebisa da kvlevis Sedegad gakeTda daskvna, rom

CamoTvlili strategiebidan, garkveulwilad, yvela perspeqtiu-
lia, Tuki maT erToblivad gamoviyenebT. amitom bolo xanebSi
upiratesoba eniWeba iseT prevenciul RonisZiebebs, romlebSic
Serwymulia yvela zemoaRniSnuli midgoma.
5. kargad momzadebuli pedagogebi, romlebic TavianTi moswavlee-

bis ndobiT sargebloben, ufro efeqturad axorcieleben antinar-
kotikul ganaTlebas, vidre mowveuli specialistebi an mSoblebi.
mozardebsa da axalgazrdebSi kompleqsuri, grZelvadiani pirve-
ladi profilaqtikuri programebis danergva sakmaod gaZnele-
bulia rigi garemoebebis gamo, romelTa Soris umTavresia erTi:
kvlav gaurkveveli rCeba, romeli specialistis – eqimis, fsiqolo-
93
gis Tu pedagogis – ZalisxmeviT unda xdebodes axalgazrdebTan
antinarkotikuli muSaobis warmoeba. erTi ram cxadia: pedagoge-
bis Zalisxmeva ar aris sakmarisi, radgan isini naklebad arian
informirebuli narkomaniis sakiTxebSi; medikosebis Zalisxmeva ki
SezRudulia bavSvebTan muSaobis unar-Cvevebis naklebobis gamo.
orive SemTxvevaSi vawydebiT arakompetenturobis sxvadasxva as-
peqts, ramac xeli Seuwyo profilaqtikis im gavrcelebuli mo-
delis formirebas, romelsac safuZvlad mxolod daSineba da
dezinformacia udevs. prevenciuli meTodebis aTvisebis Semdeg
maswavlebeli iqceva mimarTulebis mimcemad, mwvrTnelad, intera-
qtiuri procesis monawiled.
6. prevenciuli ganaTlebis procesSi sifxizlis propaganda mimar-

Tuli unda iyos ara imdenad alkoholisa da narkotikebis moxmare-
bis uaryofiT Sedegebze, ramdenadac `fxizeli~ da jansaRi cxovre-
bis realur upiratesobebze.
prevenciuli ganaTleba orientirebuli unda iyos moswavleebSi
cxovrebis jansaRi stilis mimarT dadebiTi ganwyobis formire-
baze. mozardebs unda miewodoT informacia jansaRi cxovrebis
atributebis – piradi higienis, dRis reJimis, sportis, kvebisa da
sxvaTa Sesaxeb; cnobebi im faqtorebis Sesaxeb, romlebic zians
ayeneben adamians: igulisxmeba xmauri, garemos dabinZureba, mowe-
va, bevri Wama, fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebis moxmareba, arasakmarisi
fizikuri aqtiuroba; aseve, informacia infeqciuri daavadebebi-
sa da profilaqtikuri acrebis Sesaxeb; unda gaSuqdes fsiqikur
janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi: stresi, gadaZabva,
konstruqciuli pirovnebaTSorisi urTierTobebis mniSvneloba
fsiqikuri janmrTelobis SenarCunebisTvis; seqsualobis sakiTxe-
bi; Sidsi da sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi sxva infeqciebi; ubedur
SemTxvevaTa mizezebi (maT Soris, alkoholisa da narkotikebis
moxmareba) da a. S.
kompleqsuri prevenciuli saqmianoba moicavs 3 ZiriTad kompo-

nents:
1. saganmanaTleblo komponenti
→ specifikuri – informacia adamianis organizmze fsiqoaq-
tiuri nivTierebebis moqmedebis Sesaxeb, wamaldamokide-
bulebisa da qceviTi damokidebulebis Sedegebis Sesaxeb.
mizani: davexmaroT axalgazrdebs, gaerkvnen, ra emarTeba
94
adamians fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebisa da damo-
kidebulebis formirebis Sedegad.
→ araspecifikuri – sakuTari grZnobebis, emociebis, SesaZle-
blobebis gacnoba, sakuTar Tavze zrunvis swavleba. mizani:
axalgazrdebSi TviTSemecnebis procesis xelSewyoba.
2. fsiqologiuri komponenti – calkeuli pirovnuli Tavisebure-

bebis koreqcia, koleqtivSi urTierTndobis atmosferos Seqmna.
mizani: bavSvebis fsiqologiuri mxardaWera, adekvaturi TviTSe-
fasebis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, uaris Tqmis, konfliqtebis mog-
varebis unarebis formireba, sakuTar qcevebze pasuxismgeblobis
aRebis unaris gamomuSaveba.
3. socialuri komponenti – bavSvis sociumTan adaptaciis gaad-

vilebisa da socialuri kompetenciis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba.
mizani: cxovrebis jansaRi wesisTvis aucilebeli unar-Cvevebis
aTviseba.
dabolos, narkomaniis prevenciis saukeTeso programa martivia:

bavSvebze zrunva, maTi mxardaWera da swavleba. es prevenciuli
programa iwyeba ojaxSi da grZeldeba skolaSi da sxva socium-
Si. efeqturi prevenciuli strategia dafuZnebulia narkotike-
bis moxmarebis xelSemwyobi faqtorebis Semcirebaze da damcavi
faqtorebis ganmtkicebaze da iTvaliswinebs bavSvis ganviTarebis
sxvadasxva stadiaze arsebul Taviseburebebsa da saWiroebebs.
arsebobs mTeli rigi faqtorebisa, romlebic arTuleben axal-

gazrdebSi wamaldamokidebulebis prevencias:
→ bavSvebisa da mozardebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sakuTari
qceviT gamowveuli Sedegebis ignorirebis tendencia. isini
saTanadod ver afaseben narkotikebis moxmarebasTan dakav-
Sirebul safrTxes;
→ siWabukis periodSi gansakuTrebiT gamZafrebulia eqspe-
rimentirebis, mZafri STabeWdilebebis gancdisa da riskis
Semcveli qcevebisken swrafva;
→ gardatexis asakSi Zalian didia TanasworTa da, gansaku-
TrebiT, asakiT ufrosi axalgazrdebis zegavlena;
95
→ ufrosebi moixmaren narkotikebs da axalgazrdebi cdilo-
ben, mibaZon maT;
→ narkotikebi advilad xelmisawvdomia axalgazrdebisTvis;
→ popkultura da masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi zo-
gjer cdiloben, garkveuli xibli SesZinon narkotikebis
moxmarebas;
→ Tambaqosa da alkoholuri nawarmis agresiuli reklama
Segnebulad aris mimarTuli axalgazrdobaze;
→ narkotikebis moxmarebis xanmokle efeqtebi siamovnebis
momtania, maSin, roca negatiuri Sedegebi mogvianebiT gamo-
vlindeba;
→ Tavisufali da gacnobierebuli arCevanis gakeTeba, ar
moixmaros narkotiki, da am gadawyvetilebis ganxorciele-
ba axalgazrdebisTvis Znelia;
8. riskze fokusirebuli prevenciuli modeli
ukanasknel wlebSi mTel msoflioSi mimdinareobs narkotikebis

moxmarebis prevenciis universaluri modelis aqtiuri Zieba (anu,
iseTi modelisa, romelic ar aris damokidebuli ama Tu im qvey-
nis kulturul, epidemiologiur, ekonomikur da sxva Tavisebu-
rebebze). msoflio praqtikam aCvena, rom am moTxovnebs yvelaze
metad riskze fokusirebuli prevenciuli modeli (J.D.Hawkins, R.F
Catalano) akmayofilebs.
mecnierulad dasabuTebulia, rom arsebobs mTeli rigi laten-

turi faqtorebi, romlebic, garkveulwilad, gansazRvraven in-
dividis mier narkotikuli nivTierebebis moxmarebisa da maTze
damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis albaTobas. es faqtorebi piro-
biTad SeiZleba daiyos or ZiriTad jgufad: individualur da
garemo faqtorebad.

faqtorebs, romlebic ganapirobeben narkotikebis moxmarebis
maRal potencials, uwodeben riskis faqtorebs. aseTi faqtori
mravalgvaria. calkeuls, rogorc wesi, ar mivyavarT wamaldamo-
96
kidebulebis Camoyalibebamde, magram rac meti risk-faqtori ar-
sebobs, miT metia wamaldamokidebulebis formirebis albaToba.

faqtorebs, romlebic amcireben narkotikebis moxmarebis alba-
Tobas, uwodeben damcvelobiT faqtorebs. rac metia damcvelo-
biTi faqtori, miT naklebia wamaldamokidebulebis warmoSobis
riski.
riskze fokusirebuli prevenciuli modeli eyrdnoba Semdeg me-

Todologiur daSvebebs:
1. narkotikebis moxmarebis riski arsebobs bavSvebisa da
mozardebis cxovrebis yvela sferoSi; amitom, Tuki pre-
venciuli strategiebi mimarTulia mxolod erT sfe-
roSi moqmed calkeul risk-faqtorebze, amiT narkoti-
kebis moxmarebis saboloo riski mocemul populaciaSi
mniSvnelovnad ar Semcirdeba;
2. rac ufro meti risk-faqtoria saxeze, miT metia narko-
tikebis moxmarebis riski da es riski geometriuli pro-
gresiiT izrdeba;
3. calkeuli risk-faqtori xels uwyobs sxvadasxva qcevi-
Ti problemebis aRmocenebas. Cveulebriv, narkotikebis
moxmareba asocirebulia sxva problemur qcevebTan. es
imas niSnavs, rom rodesac risk-faqtorebis intensivoba
mcirdeba, es xels uwyobs bavSvis/mozardis dacvas mra-
valgvari qceviTi gadaxrisgan.
prevenciuli programebi mimarTuli unda iyos `riskis faqtore-

bis~ Semcirebisa da `damcvelobiTi faqtorebis~ gaZlierebisken.
arsebobs myari risk-faqtorebi, romelTa Secvla SeuZlebelia
prevenciuli programebiT, magram SesaZlebelia individze maTi
zegavlenis Semcireba maTdami damokidebulebis Secvlis, maTTan
gamklavebis unar-Cvevebis swavlebisa da sakompensacio dacviTi
faqtorebis gaZlierebis gziT.
97
amgvarad, risk- da dacviTi faqtorebis konteqstSi prevencia Sei-

Zleba ganimartos, rogorc `procesi, romelic dafuZnebulia sko-
lisa da Temis kolaboraciul muSaobaze iseTi strategiebis da-
sagegmad da gansaxorcieleblad, romlebic:
→ amcireben axalgazrdebSi Tambaqos, alkoholisa da sxva

narkotikebis moxmarebis xelSemwyob specifikur faqto-
rebs da am moxmarebasTan dakavSirebul qceviT problemebs;
→ aZliereben damcav faqtorebs axalgazrdebis janmrTelo-
bisa da keTildReobis uzrunvelsayofad~ (Gibbs and Bennet,
1998).
sistemuri midgomis Tanaxmad, pirovneba da garemo ganixileba,

rogorc erTi mTliani sistemis urTierTdakavSirebuli nawile-
bi, romlebic erTmaneTze zemoqmedeben da erTad muSaoben. ami-
tom, iseTi prevenciuli strategiebi, romlebic koncentrirebu-
lia mxolod pirovnebaze da ignorirebas ukeTebs alkoholisa da
narkotikebis moxmarebis xelSemwyob gareSe faqtorebs, efeqturi
ver iqneba.
98
diagrama: faqtorebi, romlebic zemoqmedeben mozardze1
sistemuri midgomiT, prevenciuli strategiebi unda moicavdes

im adamianebsa da organizaciebs, romlebTanac bavSvebsa da axal-
gazrdebs aqvT urTierToba: mSoblebi, pedagogebi, Tanatolebi,
skola, ubani, eklesia, axalgazrduli da sportuli dawesebule-
bebi, samedicino da socialuri daxmarebis samsaxurebi da sxv.
9. prevenciuli ganaTlebis formebi
prevenciuli ganaTlebis nebismieri programa ufro didi, kom-

pleqsuri prevenciuli midgomis mxolod nawils warmoadgens.
prevenciuli ganaTlebis programa aris bavSvebis mier codnis
SeZenis, unar-Cvevebis aTvisebisa da iseTi qcevis formirebis pro-
cesi, romelic saSualebas miscems monawileebs, pasuxismgeblobiT
moekidon sakuTar cxovrebas, miiRon swori, `jansaRi~ gadawyveti-
lebebi, minimumamde daiyvanon zianis momtani qceva.
1
OSAP,Prevention Plus II, Tools for Creating and Sustaining Drug-Free Communities
99
aseTi programebi gulisxmobs moswavleebze orientirebul swavle-
bas, usafrTxo, aramatravmirebel, Sefasebebisagan Tavisufal saswa-
vlo garemos da swavlebis interaqtiuri meTodebis gamoyenebas.
skolaze dafuZnebuli 129 prevenciuli programis metaanaliziT

dadginda, rom interaqtiuri programebi gacilebiT (10-jer) ufro
efeqturia, vidre iseTi programebi, romlebic ar iyeneben intera-
qtiuri swavlebis meTodebs. efeqturobis kriteriumad aRebuli
iyo alkoholis, Tambaqosa d narkotikebis moxmarebis Semcireba.
warmatebuli interaqtiuri programebi Seicavda rogorc sagan-
manaTleblo, aseve fsiqosocialuri unarebis ganviTarebis kom-
ponentebs. mecadineobebi tardeboda klasebSi da CarTuli iyo
klasis yvela moswavle.
Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom specialuri codna da ganwyobebis

Secvlac ki ar iZleva imis garantias, rom aucileblad moxde-
ba qcevis Secvla sasurveli mimarTulebiT. amitom, programebSi
Serwymuli unda iyos profilaqtikuri muSaobis sxvadasxva mid-
goma, meTodi da swavlebis stili. es dagvexmareba imaSi, rom yvela
moswavles mivceT saSualeba, aiTvison aucilebeli codna, ganivi-
Taron sasargeblo socialur-fsiqologiuri unar-Cvevebi da dax-
vewon qceviTi modelebi.
prevenciuli ganaTlebis programebis ZiriTadi kriteriumebi
1. prevenciul masalaSi mkafiod unda Candes mesiji: àr moix-

maro narkotiki~ – narkotikebis mcire raodenobamac ki Sei-
Zleba gamoiwvios uaryofiTi Sedegebi; masala ar unda Seica-
vdes arazust terminologias. mag.: narkotikebis xelovnur
dayofas e. w. `mZime~ da `msubuq~ narkotikebad. yvela narko-
tiki mavnea da akrZalulia gaeros konvenciiT.
2. masala mkafiod unda gamoxatavdes pozicias, rom narkoti-

kebis aralegaluri moxmareba sazianoa nebismieri adamianis-
Tvis – aq igulisxmeba aralegaluri moxmarebis Semdegi for-
mebi:
→ kanoniT akrZaluli nebismieri narkotikis moxmareba
(mag.: marixuana, heroini, kokaini da sxv.);
→ medikamentebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmareba (mag.:
saZile da damamSvidebeli saSualebebi);
100
→ nebismieri nivTierebis moxmareba, romelic iwvevs
narkotikis msgavs efeqts (mag.: webo, aerozolebi da
sxv.);
→ nebismieri legaluri narkotikis (mag. alkoholis,
Tambaqos) moxmareba srulwlovanebis miRwevamde.
3. masala unda ganmartavdes, rom adamiani pasuxs agebs saku-

Tar gadawyvetilebaze – miuxedavad imisa, rom uamravi gare-
mo faqtori axdens zegavlenas axalgazrdis gadawyvetileba-
ze, moixmaros Tu ara narkotiki, es axalgazrda mainc Tavad
aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTar qcevaze. prevenciuli ganaTle-
ba gulisxmobs axalgazrdebisTvis iseTi unar-Cvevebis swa-
vlebas, romlebic xels Seuwyobs maTi cxovrebis xarisxis
gaumjobesebas.
4. masala ar unda Seicavdes aranair informacias an ilustra-

cias imis Sesaxeb, Tu rogor movipovoT, movamzadoT an mo-
vixmaroT narkotikebi – prevenciuli masala, romelic msga-
vs informacias Seicavs, SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc ins-
truqcia narkotikebis mopovebisa da moxmarebisTvis.
5. masala unda iyos moswavleebis asakis, interesebisa da saWi-

roebebis Sesabamisi – prevenciuli ganaTlebis programis
SemuSavebis dros gaTvaliswinebuli unda iyos bavSvisa da
mozardis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva stadiaze arsebuli Tavi-
seburebebi da saWiroebebi.
6. masalis Sinaarsi unda Seesabamebodes samizne jgufebis kul-

turul Taviseburebebs – masalam ar unda Seuwyos xeli ar-
sebuli miTebisa da stereotipebis ganmtkicebas; is unda asa-
xavdes samizne auditoriis tradiciebs, Rirebulebebsa da
normebs.
7. axalgazrdebze mimarTuli prevenciuli programebis ganxor-

cielebis dros ar aris sasurveli yofili narkomanebis gamo-
yeneba – gamokvlevebma aCvena, rom aseTi adamianebis rolur
modelebad gamoyeneba safrTxis Semcvelia, radgan axalgazr-
debma maTi gamocdileba SeiZleba Seafason ara ise, rogorc
dagegmili iyo (àr moiqce ise, rogorc me viqceodi~), aramed
CaTvalon, rom narkomania arc ise saSiSi yofila.
101
saganmanaTleblo programebis SemuSavebis dros mxedvelobaSia

misaRebi, rom:
1. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebisa da maTi moxmarebis Sede-
gebis Sesaxeb bavSvebs unda hqondeT maTi asakis Sesaba-
misi informacia;
2. bavSvebs warmodgena unda hqondeT imaze, rom siamovne-

bis miReba SeiZleba bevri sxva bunebrivi, usafrTxo da
sasargeblo saSualebiT (SemoqmedebiTi procesi, sporti,
dasveneba, garToba, ganaTleba, warmatebis miRweva da a. S.)
3. bavSvebs unda SeeZloT gadawyvetilebis miReba, unda

esmodeT, rom narkotikebis gasinjva yovelTvis nebiTi
qcevaa, rom ama Tu im gadawyvetilebis miRebis process
yovelTvis Tan sdevs Sedegi da es procesi Sedegze pa-
suxismgeblobis aRebasac gulisxmobs, da rom cxovreba
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis usasrulo procesia.
narkomaniis prevenciis specifikuri da araspecifikuri meTodebi

unda gadanawildes asakobrivi jgufebis Taviseburebebis gaTva-
liswinebiT, magaliTad:
6-9 wlis bavSvebs aCveven Semdegi cnebebiT operirebas: safrTxe/usa-

frTxoeba, janmrTeloba/avadmyofoba, wamlebi, Tambaqo, alkoholi.
ganixileba problemebi: ras niSnavs, iyo janmrTeli an avadmyofi,
rogor gavufrTxildeT janmrTelobas, ra aris sasargeblo da mavne
Cvevebi, rogor iniSneba wamlebi, vin unda misces wamali bavSvebs,
rogor unda gamoviyenoT wamlebi da ratom unda movekidoT sifr-
TxiliT Tambaqosa da alkohols da sxv. am asakSi mniSvnelovania,
vaswavloT bavSvebs, rogor gaumklavdnen agresias, mowyenilobas,
imedgacruebas, gamovumuSaoT sakuTari Tavis pativiscema.
102
10-13 wlis asakSi yuradReba maxvildeba Semdeg sakiTxebze: moxmareba/

avadmoxmareba; alkoholis, Tambaqos, kofeinis Semcveli sasmelebisa
da zogierTi fsiqoaqtiuri medikamentis zemoqmedebis efeqtebi; ras
niSnavs medikamentebis avadmoxmareba; Tambaqos, alkoholisa da medi-
kamentebis reklama, reklamis momwodebelTa molodini da reklami-
sadmi ndoba, kanoniT akrZaluli narkotikebi. ganixileba problemebi:
adamianis organizmze Tambaqosa da alkoholis moqmedebis efeqtebi,
Tambaqos bolis zegavlena garSemomyofebze (pasiuri moweva), alko-
holTan dakavSirebuli avtosagzao SemTxvevebi da travmebi, gansxva-
veba legalur da aralegalur narkotikebs Soris da a. S.
am dros aqcenti keTdeba cxovrebis jansaRi wesisa da misi upi-

ratesobis Sesaxeb warmodgenis formirebasa da im unar-Cvevebis
gavarjiSebaze, romlebic aucilebelia narkotikebisgan Tavisu-
fali cxovrebisTvis:
→ mcire warumateblobisa da konfliqtebis dros swori pozi-
ciis dafiqsirebis unari;
→ sakuTari grZnobebis gamoxatvisa da pirovnebaTSorisi ur-
TierTobebis damyarebis unari;
→ uaris Tqmis, sakuTari poziciis gamoxatvisa da dacvis una-
ri.
mTeli procesis ganmavlobaSi, asakobrivi Taviseburebebis Sesaba-

misad, bavSvebs unda davexmaroT gadawyvetilebis miRebisa da am
gadawyvetilebaze pasuxismgeblobis aRebis unaris gamomuSavebasa
da ganmtkicebaSi. am unaris asakobrivi transformacia gulisxm-
obs, rom bavSvebma gaacnobieron, ra kavSirSia gadawyvetilebis
miRebis procesi RirebulebebTan, garemos zewolasTan da a. S.
10. narkotikebi da kanoni
narkotikebis arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebiT gamowveuli pro-

blemebi sazogadoebas Zalian Zviri ujdeba: avadmyofoba, ube-
duri SemTxvevebi, travmebi, kriminaluri qmedebebi, korufcia,
ojaxuri da sxva urTierTobebis ngreva, pirovnebis produqtiu-
lobis daqveiTeba, Rirsebisa da pirovnuli Tavisuflebis dakar-
gva, gaRaribeba da sxva. axalgazrdebis mier narkotikebis mox-
103
mareba kidev ufro seriozul uaryofiT Sedegebs iwvevs. nar-
komania azianebs yvelaze Sromisunarian asaks, safrTxes uqmnis
qveynis mSeneblobis iseT strategiul mimarTulebebs, rogoric
aris Tavdacvisunarianoba da uSiSroeba.
gasuli saukunis meore naxevridan saerTaSoriso narkopolitikas

gansazRvravs sami ZiriTadi dokumenti: gaeros 1961 wlis narkoti-
kul saSualebaTa Sesaxeb erTiani konvencia, 1971 wlis konvencia
fsiqotropul nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb da 1988 wlis konvencia narko-
tikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis ukanono
brunvis winaaRmdeg. 90-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi dasrulda nar-
kotikebTan dakavSirebuli yvela saerTaSoriso konvenciis ra-
tificireba. unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli qveynis nacionalu-
ri politika am sferoSi inarCunebs garkveul Taviseburebebs,
konkretuli qveynis tradiciebidan da aqtualuri narkologiuri
situaciidan gamomdinare.
narkotikebTan da narkomaniasTan dakavSirebuli strategia efuZ-

neba 2 ZiriTad daSvebas: (1) narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoe-
bis usafrTxoebas (socialuri da kriminologiuri argumenti); (2)
narkotikebi zians ayenebs sazogadoebis janmrTelobas (samedi-
cino argumenti). am ori argumentis Sesabamisad, arsebobs ori
ZiriTadi mimarTuleba: sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika da
sazogadoebrivi jandacvis politika.
sazogadoebis usafrTxoebis politika, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia

narkotikebis mowodebis Semcirebaze, gamoixateba represiuli
RonisZiebebiT, xorcieldeba samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier,
xolo sazogadoebrivi jandacvis politika xorcieldeba samedi-
cino, socialuri, kulturis, ganaTlebis sistemebisa da mediis
mier, da gamomdinareobs im daSvebidan, rom sazogadoebis yvela
struqturuli elementis saboloo misias mTlianad sazogadoe-
bis keTildReoba warmoadgens.
rogorc vxedavT, narkomaniis problemis mogvarebaSi CarTul sx-

vadasxva uwyebebs Soris funqciebis aseTi gadanawileba srulad
Seesatyviseba kompetenciebis sferoebis gayofas am fenomenis
ìuridiul~ da `samedicino-socialur~ frTebs Soris. Tumca, kom-
petenciebis sferoebis gayofa sulac ar gamoricxavs maT koor-
dinirebul moqmedebas.
104
ufro metic, gaeros generaluri asambleis me-20 specialuri se-
siis deklaraciaSi aRiniSna, rom sasurveli Sedegi da èrToblivi
pasuxismgebloba uzrunvelyofili iqneba mxolod dabalansebuli
midgomiT – narkotikebze moTxovnilebas unda mieqces iseTive yu-
radReba, rogorc miwodebas, rac gulisxmobs profilaqtikuri da
samarTaldamcavi sistemebis dabalansebul moqmedebas~.
saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, `yvela adamiani dabadebiT

Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia, yvelas aqvs sakuTari
pirovnebis Tavisufali ganviTarebis ufleba, adamianis pativi da
Rirseba xelSeuvalia~ (saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tavi 2). saqar-
Tvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs jansaRi, Rirseuli da produqtiu-
li cxovrebis ufleba, rac imasac gulisxmobs, rom daculi iyos
narkotikebis moxmarebis uaryofiTi Sedegebisgan.
am TvalsazrisiT, dRes mozardi Taoba yvelaze daucvelia, gan-

sakuTrebiT, informirebulobis mxriv. bavSvis uflebaTa konven-
ciis 33-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `monawile saxelmwifoebi iReben yvela
aucilebel zomas, sakanonmdeblo, administraciuli da socialu-
ri zomebis CaTvliT, agreTve RonisZiebebs ganaTlebis sferoSi,
raTa daicvan bavSvebi Sesabamisi saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT
gansazRvruli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli niv-
Tierebebis ukanono xmarebisagan~ (mocemuli konvenciis Tanaxmad,
bavSvad iTvleba 18 wlamde asakis yvela adamiani). saqarTvelom
105
aRniSnuli konvenciis ratificireba 1994 wlis 21 aprils moax-
dina, riTac aiRo valdebuleba, Seesrulebina konvenciiT nakisri
valdebulebebi.
damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis procesis axsnas sxvadasxva mec-

nieruli TeoriiT Tu modeliT cdilobdnen – socialuri, siRr-
miseul-fsiqologiuri, anTropologiuri, biologiuri da sxva.
sxvadasxva modelis kritikulma Sefasebam mkvlevarebi miiyvana
sinTezur modelamde, romelic aRiarebs wamaldamokidebulebis
mravalfaqtorul warmoSobas. am modelis mixedviT, damokidebu-
lebis gamomwvev mizezebSi igulisxmeba im pirovnuli, narkotikTan
dakavSirebuli da socialur-kulturuli faqtorebis kompleq-
si, romlebic intensiurad urTierTqmedeben. sqematurad aseTi
ganpirobebuloba aRiniSneba Semdegi faqtorebis urTierTkavSi-
riT: pirovneba – narkotiki – garemo. aqedan gamomdinare, narko-
tikebTan dakavSirebuli problemebi izolirebulad ar Cndeba,
is sazogadoebaSi arsebuli socialuri problemebis gamoZaxilia.
aralegalur narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli situaciis reguli-

reba unda xdebodes kontrolis iseTi meqanizmebis meSveobiT,
romlebic xels Seuwyobs rogorc mowodebis, aseve narkotikebze
moTxovnis Semcirebas.
narkotikze miCveva da damokidebuleba, pirvel yovlisa, sazoga-

doebrivi janmrTelobis problemaa, romelic janmrTelobis zo-
gadi politikis nawils warmoadgens da mimarTulia narkotikebis
moxmarebis dawyebis prevenciaze, narkomanTa mkurnalobaze, rea-
bilitaciaze da narkotikis moxmarebiT gamowveuli garTulebe-
bisa da problemebis prevenciaze (zianis Semcireba).
meore mxriv, rac ufro xelmisawvdomia narkotikebi, miT meti ada-

miani moixmars mas, miT meti raodenobiT moixmaren narkotikebis
momxmareblebi da miT metia im momxmarebelTa raodenoba, visac
problemebi uCndeba narkotikebis gamo. Sesabamisad, samarTlebri-
vi kontroli narkotikebis xelmisawvdomobaze (romelic Seica-
vs, magram ar Semoifargleba mxolod akrZalviT) maTi moxmarebi-
sa da am moxmarebiT gamowveuli problemebis Semcirebis, aseve,
axalgazrdebis mier narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis prevenciis
efeqtur saSualebas warmoadgens.
106
narkokanonmdebloba saqarTveloSi
saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba specialur kontrols daqvemdebare-
buli nivTierebebisa da narkologiuri daxmarebis Taobaze efuZ-
neba saqarTvelos konstitucias, saqarTvelos saerTaSoriso
xelSekrulebebsa da SeTanxmebebs da Sedgeba sxvadasxva kanonebi-
sa da maT safuZvelze SemuSavebuli kanonqvemdebare normatiuli
aqtebisgan.
ZiriTadi kanoni, romelic awesrigebs saqarTvelos teritoriaze

narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebisa da
prekursorebis brunvasTan dakavSirebul urTierTobebs, adgens
specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa legalu-
ri brunvis da maTi ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg brZolis saxel-
mwifo politikis samarTlebriv safuZvlebs da narkologiuri
daxmarebis principebs, aris `saqarTvelos kanoni narkotikuli
saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis, prekursorebisa da
narkologiuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb~. kanonis axali redaqcia saqar-
Tvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli iyo 2012 wlis maisSi. am kano-
nis mizania fizikur pirTa janmrTelobis dacva, saxelmwifo da
sazogadoebrivi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da saqarTvelos
saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnaTa
Sesruleba.
am kanonis nawils warmoadgens saqarTveloSi specialur kon-

trols daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa siebi. dReisaTvis saqar-
TveloSi moqmedebs gaeros 1961 wlis, 1972 wlisa da 1988 wlis
konvenciebs TandarTuli siebi. aseve ZiriTadi kanonis nawilia
ukanono mflobelobidan an brunvidan amoRebul specialur kon-
trols daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa mcire, didi da gansaku-
TrebiT didi odenobebi, romelTa mixedviTac ganisazRvreba pi-
ris dasjadoba narkotikuli saSualebis SeZenis, Senaxvis an gasa-
Rebis SemTxvevebSi.
administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 45-e muxlis Ta-

naxmad, `narkotikuli saSualebis gasaRebis miznis gareSe, mcire
odenobiT ukanonod SeZena an Senaxva, anda narkotikuli saSua-
lebis eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe moxmareba – gamoiwvevs dajari-
mebas 500 laris odenobiT an, gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi, Tu saqmis
garemoebebisa da damrRvevis pirovnebis gaTvaliswinebiT am zo-
107
mis gamoyeneba arasakmarisad iqneba miCneuli, – administraciul
patimrobas 15 dRemde vadiT~. es niSnavs, rom Tuki SemowmebiT
dadgindeba, rom piri imyofeba narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS da/
an Tan aqvs narkotikuli nivTierebis mcire odenoba, is dajarim-
deba sasamarTlos mier 500 lariT, anda, gansakuTrebul SemTxve-
vebSi, miesjeba 15-dRiani administraciuli patimroba.
im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki igive piri erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi kvlav

aRmoCndeba narkotikuli saSualebis zemoqmedebis qveS, mas ukve
sisxlis samarTlis pasuxismgebloba emuqreba: sisxlis samarTlis
kodeqsis 273-e muxlis Tanaxmad, `piradi moxmarebisTvis narkoti-
kuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris mcire odenobiT
ukanono damzadeba, SeZena, Senaxva an/da eqimis daniSnulebis gare-
Se ukanonod moxmareba, aseTi Cadenili qmedebisaTvis administra-
ciul saxdelSefardebuli an am danaSaulisaTvis nasamarTlevi
piris mier, – isjeba jarimiT an sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo
SromiTi vadiT, as ocidan as oTxmoc saaTamde an/da Tavisufle-
bis aRkveTiT, vadiT erT wlamde~.
saqarTvelos kanoni àxali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis Sesaxeb~

gasuli saukunis 80-ian wlebSi, cnobilma amerikelma farmako-
logma hari hendersonma Semoitana termini `dizaineruli narko-
tikebi~ (romelTac mogvianebiT axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi
ewoda). es cneba aerTianebs sinTezuri gziT miRebul sxvadasxva
jgufis narkotikebs. xelovnuri narkotikebi avlenen bunebrivi
narkotikebis msgavs eiforiul, amgznebel, halucinogenur, tki-
vilgamayuCebel moqmedebas. qimiuri formulis Secvlis gziT cdi-
loben, gverdi auaron kanons narkotikebis Sesaxeb, manam, sanam es
axali narkotiki ar gamocxaddeba aralegalurad. molekuluri
Semadgenlobis winaswar dagegmili, mizandasaxuli Secvlis Sede-
gad axali nivTierebebi Tavisi zemoqmedebiT aWarbeben TavianT
bunebriv analogebs. axali nivTierebebis Zala da zemoqmedeba
xSirad maTi SemqmnelebisTvisac ucnobia da maTi zusti moqme-
debis winaswar gansazRvra SeuZlebelia. maTi gamoyeneba gansaku-
TrebiT gavrcelebulia (moduria) mozardebsa da axalgazrdebSi,
Tavisuflad xelmisawvdomia internetmaRaziebSi, ar Rirs Zviri
da Semodis sazRvargareTidan.
108
dReisTvis cnobilia marixuanas narkotikuli efeqtis ganmapi-

robebeli qimiuri nivTierebis – tetrahidrokanabinolis (thk)
– aTeulobiT xelovnurad Seqmnili analogi. gansakuTrebiT
xmaurian reklamas uweven sinTezur saSualebebs – e. w. `spai-
sebs~ (CvenSi maT `bios~, `bioplans~ uwodeben). `spaisi~ (ingl.Spice
- sanelebeli) – balaxovani narevia, romelic marixuanas msgavs
efeqts iZleva. am produqts xSirad aweria, rom aris usafrTxo,
Seicavs bunebriv, legalur fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebs, magram am
narevebis qimiuri analizis Sedegad dadginda, rom isini Seicaven
sinTezur kanabinoidebs, anu tetrahidrokanabinolis (thk) sinTe-
zur analogebs, romlebic 5-6-jer ufro mavnea, vidre Tavad thk.
sinTezuri kanabinoidebiT gaJRenTili am mcenareuli narevebis
gamoyeneba, pirvel yovlisa, Tavis tvins azianebs. `spaisis~ xSiri
moxmareba iwvevs agznebas, halucinaciebs, SfoTvas, panikuri Si-
Sis Setevas, fsiqozs. amas garda, iwvevs gulisrevas, guliscemis
aCqarebas, arteriuli wnevis momatebas, aqveiTebs potencias. xe-
lovnuri narkotikebis momxmareblebs uviTardebaT damokidebu-
leba da aRkveTis mdgomareoba (e. w. `lomka~).
`bionarkotikebis~ erTi-erTi nairsaxeobis – e. w. àbazanis mari-

lebis~ moxmarebis Sedegebi (aSS toqsikologiis centris mona-
cemebze dayrdnobiT): suiciduri azrebi, agzneba, mousvenroba,
agresiuli qceva, cnobierebis abneva, halucinaciebi, bodva, gu-
liscemis aCqareba, arteriuli wnevis momateba, tkivili gulmker-
dis areSi, seriozuli travma an sikvdili. am narkotikis grZel-
vadiani Sedegebis Sesaxeb informacia ar moipoveba da aravin icis,
ra Sedegebs moitans maTi sistematuri moxmareba.
109
2013 wels evrokavSiris qveynebSi Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad,

15-24 wlis axalgazrdebis mier axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebe-
bis (e. w. `bionarkotikebis~) moxmarebis saSualo maCvenebeli 5%-
ia; SedarebiT maRalia es maCvenebeli inglisSi (8%), latviasa da
poloneTSi (9%) da irlandiaSi (16%). sazogadoebrivi gaerTianeba
`bemonis~ mier 2013 wlis noember-dekemberSi saqarTveloSi Cata-
rebuli kvlevis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom am asakis vaJebis 17,5% da
gogonebis 6,4%-s gasinjuli aqvs e. w. `bio~.
axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis gavrcelebiT gamowveuli mo-

salodneli safrTxeebis Tavidan acilebisa da axali fsiqoaqtiu-
ri nivTierebebis ukanono brunvis aRkveTis mizniT, saqarTvelos
parlamentma miiRo kanoni axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis
Sesaxeb. es kanoni vrceldeba axal fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze,
romlebic ar aris gansazRvruli `narkotikul saSualebaTa Se-
saxeb~ gaeros 1961 wlis erTiani konvenciiTa da `fsiqotropul
nivTierebaTa Taobaze~ 1971 wlis konvenciiT. kanonis mixedviT,
ikrZaleba axali fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis damzadeba, warmoe-
ba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba, saqarTve-
los teritoriaze ukanonod Semotana an saqarTvelodan ukano-
nod gatana.
informaciis miwodeba arasrulwlovani pacientebisaTvis. saqar-

Tvelos kanoniT `pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb~ (Tavi VIII, àras-
rulwlovanis uflebebi~, muxli 40, 1) `mSobels an kanonier war-
momadgenels ufleba aqvT, mkurnali eqimisagan miiRon sruli,
obieqturi, drouli da gasagebi informacia arasrulwlovanis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis Sesaxeb~.
110
amave kanonSi ganxilulia is SemTxvevebi, rodesac arasrulwlo-
vani pacienti winaaRmdegia, informacia miewodos mSobels an mis
kanonier warmomadgenels (muxli 40, 2). `mSobels an kanonier
warmomadgenels am muxlis pirveli punqtiT gaTvaliswinebuli
informacia ar miewodeba, Tu informaciis miwodebis winaaRmde-
gia: a) arasrulwlovani pacienti, romelic saqarTvelos kanonm-
deblobiT dadgenili wesiT qmedunarianad iTvleba; b) 14-dan 18
wlamde asakis arasrulwlovani pacienti, romelic samedicino
momsaxurebis gamwevis SexedulebiT sworad afasebs sakuTari jan-
mrTelobis mdgomareobas da romelmac eqims mimarTa sqesobrivad
gadamdebi daavadebis an narkomaniis mkurnalobis, kontracefci-
is araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb konsultaciis miRebis an
orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis mizniT.~
amave kanonis mixedviT, arasrulwlovan pacients ufleba aqvs,

miiRos informacia sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa da
mkurnalobis Sesaxeb (muxli 43): àrasrulwlovan pacients aqvs
sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobisa da mkurnalobis Sesaxeb
informaciis miRebis ufleba. miwodebuli informacia unda Seesa-
bamebodes mis asaksa da gonebrivi ganviTarebis dones~, rac imaze
miuTiTebs, rom mniSvnelovania bavSvis asakis, aRqmis da gonebri-
vi SesaZleblobis gaTvaliswinebiT, misTvis gasageb enaze, eqimi-
sagan miiRos informacia Tavisi daavadebis, aucilebeli samedi-
cino manipulaciebis, sareabilitacio saSualebebis, mkurnalobis
meTodebis da wamlis miRebis wesebis Sesaxeb.
saqarTvelos kanonSi `pacientis uflebebis Sesaxeb~ (muxli 41,

1) aRniSnulia, rom 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis pacientma, romelic
samedicino momsaxurebis gamwevis SexedulebiT sworad afasebs
sakuTari janmrTelobis mdgomareobas, SeuZlia ganacxados in-
formirebuli Tanxmoba TviTon, roca man mimarTa samedicino
momsaxurebis gamwevs sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi daavadebis an
narkomaniis mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTo-
debis Sesaxeb konsultaciis miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad
Sewyvetis mizniT.
yovelive zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, mSobels an kanonier

warmomadgenels arasrulwlovanis janmrTelobis mdgomareobis
Sesaxeb informacia ar miewodeba, Tuki informaciis miwodebis
winaaRmdegia 14-dan 18 wlamde asakis arasrulwlovani, romelmac
111
èqims mimarTa sqesobrivad gadamdebi daavadebis an narkomaniis
mkurnalobis, kontracefciis araqirurgiuli meTodebis Sesaxeb
konsultaciis miRebis an orsulobis xelovnurad Sewyvetis miz-
niT~. Tumca, arasrulwlovans SeuZlia, Tavad ganacxados infor-
mirebuli Tanxmoba.
112
Tavi 2.
aqtivobebi
aqtivoba 1. cxovrebis ruka
mizani: fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedegebis

Sesaxeb moswavleTa informireba
resursebi: dafa da carci an didi formatis qaRaldi da

markerebi
msvleloba: maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs: daxateT

Tqveni momavali cxovrebis gza. aRniSneT sasurveli, mniSvnelo-
vani movlenebi da warmatebebi momavali 10 wlis ganmavlobaSi
(mag. skolis damTavreba, umaRlesSi Cabareba, samsaxuri, qorwi-
neba da a.S.).
Semdeg maswavlebeli xatavs dafaze adamianis figuras da sTxovs

moswavleebs, saTiTaod gamovidnen da naxatze aRniSnon adamianis
is organoebi, romlebic ziandeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis
moxmarebis Sedegad.
113
savarjiSos msvlelobisas maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs,
konkretulad romeli nivTierebis moxmarebis Sedegad ziandeba
mis mier aRniSnuli organo, an ra funqcias asrulebs es organo.
magaliTad, ra emarTeba filtvebs, rodesac adamiani eweva? ra
funqcias asrulebs RviZli? da a. S.
Semdeg maswavlebeli naxatisgan odnav moSorebiT xatavs ramde-

nime adamianis figuras (socialuri garemos) da sTxovs moswa-
vleebs, daweron dafaze, ra problemebi eqmneba fsiqoaqtiuri ni-
vTierebebis momxmarebels garSemomyofebTan – ojaxis wevrebTan,
saswavlebelSi, megobrebTan, samsaxurSi da a.S.
am savarjiSos dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswa-

vleebs, daubrundnen TavianTi `cxovrebis rukas~ da aRniSnon is
movlenebi cxovrebaSi, romelTa ganxorcielebaSic fsiqoaqtiuri
nivTierebebis momxmareba xels SeuSlis. dasasrul, maswavlebeli
akeTebs Sejamebas.
damatebiTi ganmarteba maswavlebels: yvela fsiqoaqtiuri

nivTiereba, miuxedavad imisa, ra gziT xvdeba organizmSi, azianebs
Tavis tvins da mTel nervul sistemas, imunur sistemas, guls,
RviZls, filtvebs.
narkotikebisa da maTi minarevebis gadamuSaveba ZiriTadad RviZl-

Si mimdinareobs. RviZli aris organizmis mTavari laboratoria,
sadac xdeba toqsikuri nivTierebebis gauvnebelyofa. alkoholi,
narkotikebi da maTi minarevebi azianebs RviZlis ujredebs. gar-
da amisa, sisxlSi maTi mudmivad arseboba aiZulebs RviZls, zed-
meti datvirTviT imuSaos. RviZlis ujredebi TandaTan ziandeba
da iwyeba anTebiTi procesi – toqsikuri hepatiti.
filtvebs yvelaze metad is preparatebi azianebs, romlebic

sasunTqi gzebiT xvdeba organizmSi. am saxis narkotikebis momx-
mareblebs xSirad emarTebaT filtvebis anTeba, rac zogjer pne-
vmoskleroziT mTavrdeba. am dros filtvis qsovils cvlis nawi-
burebi, romlebic veRar asruleben Tavis funqcias.
114
garda amisa, narkotikebis ineqciuri moxmareba katastrofulad
zrdis virusuli hepatitiT (B, C) da aiv-iT dainficirebis alba-
Tobas. es virusebi sisxliT gadadis da swrafad vrceldeba ineq
ciuri narkotikebis momxmareblebs Soris, radgan isini xSirad
iyeneben saziaro Spricebsa da nemsebs.
Tuki gagrZelda alkoholisa da narkotikebis miReba, viTardeba

RviZlis cirozi – RviZlis calkeuli ubnebi kvdeba da maT adgils
ikavebs SemaerTebeli qsovili. RviZli mkvrivdeba, veRar asru-
lebs Tavis funqcias da dauSleli toqsinebi sisxlis meSveobiT
Tavis tvinSic xvdeba. Tu es procesi droulad ar SeCerda, anu
dazianebuli RviZlis mqone adamianma ar Sewyvita alkoholisa da
narkotikebis miReba, viTardeba RviZlismieri koma – ukiduresad
mZime, sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba.
janmrTeli RviZli gamoimuSavebs cilebs, romlebic organizmis

imunuri sistemis saSen masalas warmoadgens. RviZlis ujredebis
gadagvarebis Sedegad am cilebis gamomuSaveba mkveTrad mcirdeba
da imuniteti qveiTdeba. daqveiTebuli imunitetis mqone organiz-
mi veRar ebrZvis infeqciebs.
narkotikebis momxmareblebi xSirad arasterilur Spricebs iyene-

ben, ar imuSaveben Cxvletis adgils antiseptikuri saSualebebiT,
TviTon narkotikis xsnaric iSviaTad aris steriluri. amitom
115
narkotikis ineqciisas uamravi baqteria xvdeba organizmSi, rac
iwvevs sxvadasxva anTebiT da Cirqovan garTulebas, maT Sorisaa:
Tromboflebiti, abscesi, flegmona, sefsisi (sisxlis mowamvla).
sefsisi SeiZleba gamoiwvios nebismierma, erTi SexedviT umniSvne-
lo Cirqgrovam an anTebam.
narkotikebis moxmareba mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli aiv-infeqci-

is da hepatitebis gavrcelebasTan. narkotikebis ineqciuri gziT
momxmareblebs Soris aiv-infeqciisa da hepatitebis gadacema Zi-
riTadad ganpirobebulia Spricebis, nemsebisa da narkotikebis
mosamzadebeli mowyobilobebis erToblivi gamoyenebiT.
alkoholis sistematuri moxmareba arRvevs nivTierebaTa cvlas.

sisxlZarRvebis kedlebze grovdeba qolesterini da kalciumis
marilebi, ris gamoc kedlebi sqeldeba, kargavs elastiurobas,
viwrovdeba sisxlZarRvebis sanaTuri da matulobs sisxlis wneva.
yovelive amis Sedegad swrafad viTardeba aTerosklerozi da hi-
pertonia, rac gulis infarqtis an insultis mizezi xdeba.
tvini mniSvnelovnad ziandeba alkoholiT yoveli daTrobis dros.

Tu es iSviaTad xdeba, tvini met-naklebad umklavdeba am proble-
mas. alkoholis xSiri miRebis SemTxvevaSi ki, TandaTan uaresdeba
tvinis funqcionireba – qveiTdeba mexsiereba, azrovneba da, sa-
bolood, es yvelaferi mTavrdeba WkuasustobiT, rasac alkoho-
luri demencia ewodeba.
kanabisi da sxva halucinogenuri narkotikebi arRveven tvinSi mim-

dinare procesebs. aRweven nervuli ujredebis im struqturaSi,
romelic emsaxureba informaciis gadacemas da iwvevs mis dezor-
ganizacias. roca kanabisis zemoqmedeba gaivlis, tvini ubrundeba
normalur mdgomareobas, magram ara mTeli sisruliT. rCeba Zne-
lad SesamCnevi cvlilebebi, romlebic kanabisis yoveli miRebis
Semdeg matulobs da TandaTan adamiani dune da pasiuri xdeba,
nela azrovnebs, Riziandeba umniSvnelo sababiT.
116
opiumis jgufis narkotikebi Trgunavs sunTqvis centrs Tavis

tvinSi. amitom nebismieri, Tundac mcire zedozireba iwvevs sun-
Tqvis darRvevas da tvini aRar maragdeba Jangbadis saWiro rao-
denobiT. Sedegad, xdeba tvinis ujredebis TandaTanobiTi da
Seuqcevadi gadagvareba. Tavis tvinis qerqis atrofia iwvevs in-
teleqtis daqveiTebas da emociuri sferos rRvevas. narkotikebis
xangrZlivi moxmareba iwvevs fsiqozebs – bodviT azrovnebas, ha-
lucinaciebs, Rrma depresias.
http://teens.drugabuse.gov/
117
aqtivoba 2. gasinjvidan damokidebulebamde
mizani: moswavleebi SeZleben: 1. daaxasiaTon damokidebu-

lebis Camoyalibebis stadiebi; 2. gansazRvron Tambaqos, alkoho-
lisa da narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis xelSemwyobi mizezebi;
3. Seafason Tambaqos, alkoholisa da narkotikebis gasinjvasTan
dakavSirebuli safrTxeebi; 4. daaxasiaTon damokidebulebis uar-
yofiTi Sedegebi.
resursebi: 1. sademonstracio slaidi `damokidebulebis

stadiebi~; 2. baraTebi `damokidebulebis stadiebi~. kompleqti
yoveli jgufisTvis; 3. SemTxvevebis aRwera individualuri mu-
SaobisaTvis `davadginoT damokidebulebis stadia~.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli mimarTavs moswavleebs: `fur-

celze CamowereT is uaryofiTi Sedegebi, rac mohyveba Tambaqos,
alkoholisa da narkotikebis moxmarebas. dawereT yvelaferi,
rac gagaxsendebaT~.
mieciT moswavleebs samuSaod 2-3 wuTi.
sTxoveT moswavleebs, waukiTxon klass, ra daweres. daasaxelon

erTi uaryofiTi Sedegi TavianTi CamonaTvalidan. dafaze dawereT
moswavleebis mier dasaxelebuli Sedegebi. TiToeulma moswavlem
unda daasaxelos Sedegi, romelic manamde sxvas ar dausaxelebia.
ganagrZeT, vidre gansxvavebuli pasuxebi amoiwureba.
`dRes Tqven gaigebT, rogor midis adamiani gasinjvidan damokide-

bulebis Camoyalibebamde.
118
gaixseneT, yofila romelime Tqvenganis cxovrebaSi momenti, roca
gadawyviteT, SegewyvitaT raime mavne qceva da gagiWirdaT amis gake-
Teba?”
es SeiZleba exebodes kompiuterul TamaSebs, televizoris yure-

bas, koka-kolas smas da sxva. ramdenime moswavles mieciT saSua-
leba, gagiziaron TavianTi gamocdileba.
`termins `damokidebuleba~ xSirad viyenebT, roca vlaparakobT

raime qcevaze, romlis Sewyvetac Znelia. magram alkoholze da nar-
kotikze damokidebuleba gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa. rogor axs-
nidiT termins `damokidebuleba~ – ras niSnavs, iyo damokidebuli
raime nivTierebaze?~
moswavleebs mieciT saSualeba, gamoTqvan sakuTari azri.
damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis stadiebi.
dayaviT moswavleebi 4-5-kacian jgufebad da TiToeul jgufs

mieciT baraTebi damokidebulebis stadiebis daxasiaTebiT.
`sanam damokidebuleba Camoyalibdeba, adamiani gaivlis sxvadasxva

stadias. waikiTxeT TiToeuli stadiis ganmarteba, SeTanxmdiT da
daalageT Tanmimdevrulad – romelia pirveli stadia, romeli meo-
re da a.S.~
mieciT jgufebs dro samuSaod. drois amowurvis Semdeg miawo-

deT stadiebis daxasiaTeba slaidis gamoyenebiT.
dasviT kiTxva da Semdeg miawodeT informacia.
`romelia damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis pirveli stadia?~
mieciT jgufebs pasuxis gacemis saSualeba, Semdeg gauSviT pir-

veli stadiis ganmarteba slaidze da miawodeT informacia.
`gasinjva – adamiani pirvelad iRebs ama Tu im nivTierebas. Tambaqos,

alkoholis an narkotikebis gasinjvas sxvadasxva mizeziT iwyeben.
zogi cnobismoyvareobis gamo, zogi imis gamo, rom misi megobrebi
moixmaren da ar unda, rom CamorCes maT, zogi vinmes jibriT, zogi
dasaTrobad an siamovnebis misaRebad.
119
romelia damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis meore stadia?~
mieciT jgufebs pasuxis gacemis saSualeba da gauSviT meore sta-

diis ganmarteba slaidze.
`regularulia moxmareba, Tu adamiani agrZelebs nivTierebis miRe-

bas garkveuli mdgomareobis misaRwevad.
nivTierebis miRebiT gamowveuli sasurveli mdgomareoba male gai-

vlis, tvinSi ki garkveul kvali rCeba ramdenime dRe an ramdenime
kvira, zogjer ramdenime Tvec.
romelia damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis mesame stadia?~
mieciT jgufebs pasuxis gacemis saSualeba da gauSviT mesame sta-

diis ganmarteba slaidze.
`Semdeg yalibdeba tolerantoba. rodesac adamians tolerantoba

uyalibdeba, is iZulebulia, sasurveli mdgomareobis misaRwevad (ga-
sarTobad, siamovnebis misaRwevad), nivTiereba meti odenobiT miiRos.
es imitom xdeba, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi organizmi eCveva nivTiere-
bas da pirvandeli efeqtis misaRebad nivTierebis odenobis gazrdaa
saWiro. tolerantoba damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis niSania.
romelia damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis meoTxe stadia?~
mieciT jgufebs pasuxis gacemis saSualeba da gauSviT meoTxe

stadiis ganmarteba slaidze.
`damokidebuleba maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac tvini da mTeli orga-

nizmi imdenad eCveva nivTierebas, rom veRar muSaobs mis gareSe. ada-
mians nivTiereba ukve imisTvis sWirdeba, rom Tavi `normalurad~
igrZnos. roca adamiani wyvets nivTierebis miRebas, Zalian cudad
xdeba – ewyeba aRkveTis mdgomareoba, anu e.w. `lomka~. am dros ada-
miani gaRizianebulia, awuxebs SfoTva, daZabuloba, uZiloba, Tavis
da saxsrebis tkivili.
nivTierebis xelaxla miReba xsnis aRkveTis mdgomareobis simpto-

mebs da adamiani Tavs kargad grZnobs. esec damokidebulebis Camo-
yalibebis niSania.
damokidebulebis mqone adamiani ver anebebs Tavs alkohols/narko-

tiks maSinac ki, roca seriozuli problemebi eqmneba. is yvelafers
120
akeTebs imisTvis, rom miiRos nivTiereba. adamiani SeiZleba itanje-
bodes sxvadasxva daavadebis gamo, mTel fuls xarjavdes mxolod
narkotikze, kargavdes megobrebs da ojaxs, magram mainc ar aRia-
rebs, rom misi problemebis mizezi narkotiki/alkoholia. uaryofa
damokidebulebis erT-erTi damaxasiaTebeli niSania.~
mieciT jgufebs saSualeba, Seasworon maT mier dalagebuli sta-

diebis aRmniSvneli baraTebis Tanmimdevroba.
Semdeg dasviT kiTxva: ratom iwyeben mozardebi Tambaqos, alkoho-

lis an narkotikebis moxmarebas?
mieciT moswavleebs saSualeba, upasuxon kiTxvas da maTi mo-

sazrebebi CamowereT dafaze.
Sejameba:mozardebis nawili sinjavs an moixmars Tambaqos, alko-

hols an narkotikebs Semdegi mizezebis gamo:
→ mimbaZveloba;
→ interesi;
→ megobrebi moixmaren;
→ survili, miRebuli iyos romelime jgufis wevrad;
→ didobis survili;
→ fizikuri an fsiqikuri tkivilis Sesamsubuqeblad.
diskusia Temaze: ratom aris saxifaTo Tambaqos, alkoholis an

narkotikis gasinjva?
mieciT moswavleebs saSualeba, gamoTqvan azri am sakiTxze.
Sejameba:
àravin icis, rogor imoqmedebs masze esa Tu is nivTiereba. alko-

holma/ narkotikma pirveli gasinjvisTanave SeiZleba gamoiwvios se-
riozuli problemebi. janmrTelobis mxriv es SeiZleba iyos aler-
giuli reaqcia, mwvave mowamvla, gonebis dakargva, koma. arafxizeli
mdgomareoba xSirad xdeba konfliqtebis da ubeduri SemTxvevebis
mizezi. yvelaze didi problema ki damokidebulebis Camoyalibebaa.
nebismieri adamiani SeiZleba gaxdes alkoholze da narkotikze da-
121
mokidebuli, Tu daiwyebs maT moxmarebas. am mizezebis gamo gasinjva
sakmaod saxifaToa~.
daarigeT winaswar amobeWdili individualuri muSaobis baraTebi

`damokidebulebis stadiebi~ da mieciT moswavleebs dro samuSaod.
`waikiTxeT baraTebze mocemuli SemTxvevebi da daadgineT, damo-

kidebulebis romeli stadiaa aRwerili TiToeul maTganSi. Semdeg
gaeciT pasuxi kiTxvebs~.
drois amowurvis Semdeg SeagroveT moswavleebis namuSevrebi da

SeajameT gakveTili.
gakveTilze miRebuli informaciis gasameoreblad dausviT

moswavleebs SekiTxvebi:
1. ra ewodeba damokidebulebis pirvel stadias? vis SeuZlia

daasaxelos erT-erTi mizezi, ris gamoc axalgazrdam Sei-
Zleba gasinjos alkoholi/narkotiki? ratom aris saxifa-
To alkoholi/narkotikis gasinjva?
2. ra aris damokidebulebis meore stadia? ratom agrZelebs

zogierTi alkoholis/narkotikis miRebas?
3. ra SegiZliaT TqvaT mesame stadiaze? vis SeuZlia ganmar-

tos termini tolerantoba?
4. ratom aris Zneli moxmarebis Sewyveta damokidebulebis

mqone adamianisTvis? SegiZliaT daasaxeloT aRkveTis md-
gomareobis niSnebi?
5. kidev ra problemebis Sesaxeb gaigeT Tqven mier wakiTxuli

SemTxvevebidan?
damatebiTi ganmarteba/rekomendaciebi maswavlebels: gae-

caniT slaidebs da SemTxvevebis aRweras da moamzadeT im termi-
nebis ganmarteba, romelTa mniSvnelobac, SesaZloa, ucnobi iyos
moswavleebisTvis. esenia: damokidebuleba, gasinjva,stadiebi,
tolerantoba, aRkveTis mdgomareoba.
122
sademonstracio slaidi `damokidebulebis stadiebi~:
damokidebulebis stadiebi
1. gasinjva _ adamiani pirvelad iRebs narkotiks. es SeiZleba
moxdes cnobismoyvareobis gamo, rom misi megobrebi moixma-
ren da ar unda, rom CamorCes.
2. sistematuri moxmareba _ adamiani agrZelebs nivTierebis mi-

Rebas garkveuli mdgomareobis misaRwevad. nivTierebis xSi-
ri miRebis Sedegad tvinSi momxdari cvlilebebi SeiZleba
gagrZeldes ramdenime dRe an ramdenime kvira da ramdenime
Tvec.
3. tolerantoba _ adamiani iZulebulia, miiRos nivTierebis

meti raodenoba garkveuli mdgomareobis misaRwevad. ro-
desac adamians tolerantoba uyalibdeba, is iZulebulia
sasurveli mdgomareobis misaRwevad (dasaTrobad, sakai-
fod) nivTiereba meti odenobiT miiRos. tolerantoba da-
mokidebulebis Camoyalibebis niSania.
4. damokidebuleba _ adamiani cudad aris, Tu ar miiRo narko-

tiki. tvini da mTeli organizmi imdenad eCveva nivTierebas,
rom veRar muSaobs mis gareSe. roca adamiani wyvets nivTie-
rebis miRebas, Zalian cudad xdeba _ ewyeba aRkveTis md-
gomareoba, anu `lomka~. nivTierebis xelaxla miReba xsnis
aRkveTis mdgomareobis simptomebs da adamiani Tavs kargad
grZnobs.
123
baraTebi `damokidebulebis stadiebi~:
baraTebi
amobeWdeT baraTebi da daWeriT. gaamzadeT baraTebis kompleqti yove-

li jgufisTvis. darigebis win baraTebi aurieT.
gasinjva sistematuri
moxmareba
adamiani pirvelad iRebs adamiani agrZelebs
narkotiks/alkohols. nivTierebis miRebas
garkveuli mdgomareobis
misaRwevad.
tolerantoba damokidebuleba
adamiani iZulebulia, adamiani cudad aris,
miiRos nivTierebis meti Tu ar miiRo narkotiki/
raodenoba garkveuli alkoholi.
mdgomareobis misaRwevad.
SemTxvevebis aRwera individualuri muSaobisaTvis – `davadginoT

damokidebulebis stadia~.
124
damokidebulebis romeli stadiaa?
aRniSneT, damokidebulebis romeli stadiaa aRwerili TiToeul SemTxvevaSi.

damokidebulebis stadiebi:
1. gasinjva: adamiani pirvelad iRebs narkotiks/alkohols;
2. sistematuri moxmareba: adamiani agrZelebs nivTierebis miRebas garkve
uli mdgomareobis misaRwevad;
3. tolerantoba: adamiani iZulebulia miiRos nivTierebis meti raodenoba
garkveuli mdgomareobis misaRwevad;
4. damokidebuleba: adamiani cudad aris, Tu ar miiRo narkotiki/alkoholi. ver
wyvets narkotikis/alkoholis miRebas, miuxedavad seriozuli problemebisa.
SemTxveva: leqso
`luds kviraSi ramdenjerme vsvam, magram bevrs ara. mxolod maSin vsvam, rodesac
daZabuli var skolis ambebis gamo. ubralod, mamSvidebs da daZabulobas mixsnis.
ise ar var, rom amis gareSe ar SemeZlos...~
damokidebulebis stadia:---------------------------------------
SemTxveva: nuca
`ramdenime Tvea vewevi. SabaT-kviras viyaviT bebiasTan, romelic Zalian
principuli da mkacria - mas Semdeg, rac babua filtvis kiboTi gardaicvala, aravis
aZlevs mowevis uflebas, arc saxlSi da arc gareT. ar megona, rom gamiWirdeboda
ori dRe sigaretis gareSe, magram, Turme, vcdebodi. Tavi mtkioda, mTeli dRe
gaRizianebuli viyavi da Rame daZineba gamiWirda...~
SemTxveva: anka
`roca sadme gasarTobad vikribebiT, yovelTvis vsvam luds, magram bolo dros
aRar maTrobs. momaval SabaTs, imedia, sxva sasmelic iqneba. arayi an rame sxva
magari sasmeli unda davlio da vnaxo, rogor viqnebi...~
SemTxveva: giorgi
ùbnis biWebma marixuanas moweva daiwyes. vici, rom janmrTelobisTvis cudia,
magram magari biWebi arian da maTTan yofna momwons. Tan mainteresebda, rogoria
da roca SemomTavazes, mec movwie. kinaRam damaxrCo xvelam, magram mere kaifi
daviWire da momewona...~
kiTxvebi:
1. ra mizeziT iwyeben mozardebi Tambaqos, alkoholisa da narkotikis
moxmarebas? daasaxeleT, sul cota, 4 mizezi: ---------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. ratom aris saxifaTo Tabmaqos, alkoholisa da narkotikebis gasinjva?
daasaxeleT , sul cota, sami safrTxe: -------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. ra uaryofiTi Sedegebi aqvs damokidebulebas? daasaxeleT, sul cota,
sami Sedegi: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
125
Sefaseba: SeagroveT moswavleebis mier Sevsebuli baraTebi da

SeafaseT maTi namuSevari.
Sedegebis Sefaseba:
amocana1
moswavleebma gansazRvres damokidebulebis stadiebi, razec me-
tyvelebs maT mier Sevsebuli `damokidebulebis stadiebis~ bara-
Tebi.
amocana 2
moswavleebma gaiges, ra mizezebis gamo iwyeben mozardebi Tamba-
qos, alkoholis an narkotikebis moxmarebas, razec metyvelebs
maT mier `damokidebulebis stadiebis~ baraTebSi mocemul N1
kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebi.
amocana 3
moswavleebma gaiges narkotikebis gasinjvasTan dakavSirebuli
safrTxe, razec metyvelebs maT mier `damokidebulebis stadie-
bis~ baraTebSi N2 kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebi.
amocana 4
moswavleebi aRweren damokidebulebis uaryofiT Sedegebs, razec
metyvelebs maT mier `damokidebulebis stadiebis~ baraTebSi N3
kiTxvaze gacemuli pasuxebi.
aqtivoba 3. mogzauroba momavalSi
mizani: 1. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis dawye-

bis xelSemwyobi faqtorebis gacnobiereba; 2. macdunebel SeTa-
vazebaze uaris Tqmis unaris gavarjiSeba.
126
resursebi: dafa, carci
msvleloba: maswavlebeli aRwers situacias: warmoidgi-

neT, rom Cven drois manqanis saSualebiT movxvdiT momavalSi.
xomaldis datovebamde kompiuteri gvafrTxilebs saSiSroebis Se-
saxeb: `garemoSi, romelSic Tqven moxvdebiT, arsebobs safrTxe
sicocxlisTvis~. Semdeg kompiuteri iTiSeba da aswrebs mxolod
ori sityvis Tqmas: `cduneba da damokidebuleba~.
Cveni amocanaa: ganvsazRvroT safrTxe da misi Tavidan acilebis

gzebi, raTa ukan dabrunebis Semdeg gavafrTxiloT adamianebi mosa-
lodneli safrTxis Sesaxeb.
Semdeg kiTxviT mimarTavs moswavleebs: ras niSnavs sityvebi `cdu-

neba~ da `damokidebuleba~? ra aris cduneba? rodis yalibdeba
damokidebuleba? ra da ra saxis damokidebuleba arsebobs?
mas Semdeg, rac moswavleebi gamoTqvamen sakuTar mosazrebebs,

maswavlebeli ganmartavs, ras niSnavs cduneba da damokidebule-
ba.
maswavlebeli dafaze afiqsirebs moswavleebis mier dasaxelebul

damokidebulebis saxeebis CamonaTvals da saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi
amatebs damokidebulebis saxeebs.
Semdeg maswavlebeli ambobs: àxla, rodesac Cven gavarkvieT, ra

safrTxeebia gareT, SegviZlia gavideT xomaldidan ~.
maswavlebeli yofs klass jgufebad da aZlevs davalebas: `5 wu-

Tis ganmavlobaSi moifiqreT situaciebi da dawereT, ra da ra
saxis cduneba SeiZleba SegxvdeT xomaldidan gasvlis Semdeg.~
5 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg jgufebs eZlevaT axali davaleba: `5 wu-

Tis ganmavlobaSi moifiqreT da dawereT, rogor gaumklavdebiT
am zewolas. rogor ityviT uars myarad, damajereblad da konfli-
qtis gareSe.~
127
maswavlebeli: Cven xSirad gviwevs uaris Tqma raRacebze. xSirad
es usiamovnoa, radgan gveSinia, vinmes ar vawyeninoT, ar gagvi-
fuWdes urTierToba vinmesTan an ar gamovCndeT mSiSrebi. magram,
rodesac Cven sakuTar TavSi varT darwmunebuli, uars vambobT
mSvidad da damajereblad, aRmoCndeba, rom Cven uars iReben aseve
mSvidad da es ar iwvevs uaryofiT emociebs.
10 wuTis Semdeg jgufis yvela monawile saTiTaod aRwers erT

`macdunebel situacias~ da ambobs uaris erT variants.
Semdeg mimdinareobs jgufuri ganxilva.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli sTavazobs moswavleebs, Seadginon rCe-

vebis wigni, romelSic iqneba `saxifaTo situaciebis – cdunebe-
bis~ CamonaTvali da zewolisTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis SesaZlo
variantebi. am wigns isini gadascemen adamianebs virtualuri mo-
gzaurobidan dabrunebis Semdeg.

cduneba aris survili, gaakeTo is, rac mimzidvelia, sainteresoa,
magram saxifaTo da zianis momtania.
damokidebuleba: adamiani xSirad imeorebs misTvis mimzidvel qce-

vas da garkveuli drois Semdeg veRar ambobs masze uars, radgan
amis gareSe Zalian cudad grZnobs Tavs. SeiZleba adamiani grZnob-
des, rom am qcevas misTvis ziani moaqvs, magram veRar marTavs Tavs.
rodesac raime nivTiereba an qceva gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobas

iZens adamianis cxovrebaSi, adamiani kargavs Tavisuflebas da da-
mokidebuli xdeba siamovnebis momtan saSualebaze.
nivTierebaze damokidebulebas uwodeben wamaldamokidebulebas

an qimiur damokidebulebas.
wamaldamokidebulebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia fsiqoaqtiuri

nivTierebis miRebis Zlieri, zogjer dauZleveli moTxovnileba.
imisaTvis, rom Tavi kargad igrZnos, nivTierebaze damokidebuli
adamiani iZulebulia, mudmivad miiRos fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba.
128
qimiuri damokidebuleba SeiZleba Camoyalibdes alkoholze, yavaze,
Caize, Tambaqoze, narkotikebze, medikamentebze miCvevis Sedegad.
qceviTi damokidebulebis SemTxvevaSi adamiani gamudmebiT imeo-

rebs erTsa da imave qcevas, radgan unda, rom kvlav ganicados
adre miRebuli kmayofileba. wamaldamokidebulebisgan qceviTi
damokidebuleba mxolod imiT gansxvavdeba, rom pirvel SemTxve-
vaSi damokidebulebis obieqti aris qimiuri nivTiereba (narko-
tiki/fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba), xolo qceviTi damokidebulebis
SemTxvevaSi – akviatebuli qceva.
qceviTi damokidebulebis erT-erTi gavrcelebuli formaa azar-

tul TamaSebze damokidebuleba. aseve xSiria kompiuterul Tama-
Sebze, socialur qselebze damokidebuleba.
aqtivoba 4. `Tqvi àra~
mizani: uaris Tqmis unaris gavarjiSeba.
resursebi: baraTebi SeTavazebebiT
msvleloba: maswavlebeli eubneba moswavleebs: àrsebobs

situaciebi, rodesac saWiroa uaris Tqma. zogjer rTulia amis
gakeTeba, magram aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom davicvaT sakuTari
interesebi~.
maswavlebeli rigrigobiT awvdis moswavleebs baraTebs, romel-

zec weria SeTavazebis teqsti da sTxovs, swrafad uTxran uari
SeTavazebaze. aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom uari unda iyos Tava-
ziani, araagresiuli, magram damajereblad naTqvami.
129
SeTavazebis magaliTebi:
→ modi, movwioT;
→ dabadebis dRes gilocav, ar davlioT?
→ ras nerviulob, dalie es abi, dagamSvidebs;
→ gasinje marixuana, ar gainteresebs?
→ midi gadaylape (abebi), risi geSinia?
→ ras jiutob, aq vinc varT, yvela veweviT sigarets;
→ midi, gasinje, marixuana ar iwvevs damokidebulebas (ma-

rixuanaze damokidebuli ar gaxdebi);
→ es abebi afTiaqSi iyideba, rogor iqneba saziano?
→ am wamlebs samkurnalod gamoiyeneben, amitom usafrTxoa.
moswavleebi rigrigobiT eubnebian maswavlebels uaris TavianT

versias. Semdeg mimdinareobs ganxilva.
maswavlebeli ekiTxeba moswavleebs: 1. iyo Tu ara rTuli uaris

Tqma; 2. raSi mdgomareobda sirTule? 3. ra SemTxvevaSi uadvil-
debodaT uaris Tqma?
Semdeg ekiTxeba moswavleebs, visi pasuxi iyo ufro damajerebe-

li? ratom? sTxovs, SesTavazon megobrebs damajerebeli pasuxis
sakuTari versiebi. rodesac moswavleebi daasruleben TavianTi
versiebis prezentacias, maswavlebeli sTavazobs maT sxva Se-
saZlo variantebs. magaliTad:
→ ar minda, ar vapireb, daviwyo moweva;
→ ar momwons sigaretis suni;
→ mSoblebma fuli momces da koncertze gepatiJebi. ase

aRvniSnoT Cemi dabadebis dRe;
→ me TamaSze (ragbi, kalaTburTi, fexburTi) vapireb wasvlas,

wamoxval?
→ abi rom damamSvidebs, amiT problema ar mogvardeba;
130
→ ara, gmadlob, me axla problemis mosagvareblad fxizeli
goneba mWirdeba da ara gabrueba (damSvideba);
→ ar mainteresebs;
→ mainteresebs, magram ar movwev (ar gavsinjav);
→ ar meSinia, ubralod araferSi mWirdeba;
→ Sen ra, ar ici, rom es kanoniT isjeba?
→ ar minda da ratom maZaleb?
→ ra aucilebelia, rom mec movwio?
→ vin giTxra, rom ar iwvevs, seriozul saitebze waikiTxe, ras

weren;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar mWirdeba kanonTan problemebi;
→ es imaTTvis aris sasargeblo, visac rame awuxebs.
damatebiTi ganmarteba/rekomendaciebi maswavlebels: ua-

ris sxva SesaZlo variantebi:
→ ara, gmadlob;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar minda;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar momwons (ar miyvars), rodesac Tavs ver

vakontroleb;
→ ara, gmadlob, sasmlis Semdeg Tavs cudad vgrZnob;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar minda problemebi;
→ ara, gmadlob, varjiSi maqvs da es xels SemiSlis;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar momwons gabruebuli mdgomareoba;
→ ara, gmadlob, mirCevnia, fxizeli viyo;
→ ara, gmadlob, ar mainteresebs.
131
aqtivoba 5. mjera _ ar mjera
mizani: 1. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis mimarT

moswavleTa ganwyobis dadgena; 2. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis
moxmarebis Sedegebze moswavleTa informireba; 3. informaciis
wyaros sandoobis kritikuli Sefaseba.
asaki: 14-17 weli
resursebi: dafa, carci
msvleloba: maswavlebeli ukiTxavs moswavleebs debule-

bebs da sTxovs, gamoxaton azri JestebiT: cera TiTi zeviT – mje-
ra, qveviT – ar mjera, gaSlili xeli – ar vici.
debulebebi:
1 alkoholi aris nivTiereba, romelic iwvevs damokidebulebas, ma-

gram ar aris fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba;
2. manqanis marTva marixuanas zemoqmedebis qveS ufro usafrTxoa,

vidre alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS;
3. yava, Cai da bevri gaziani sasmeli Seicavs fsiqoaqtiur nivTiere-

bas;
4. sigaretis moweva iwvevs damokidebulebas;
5. zogierT adamianze alkoholi ufro Zlierad moqmedebs;
6. fsiqotropuli preparatebis miReba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe

ara mxolod kanondarRvevaa, aramed saxifaTocaa;
7. fsiqotropuli preparatebis miReba ufro usafrTxoa, vidre ara-
132
legaluri narkotikebisa;
8. alkoholi aZlierebs seqsualobas;
9. mxolod ludis sma Tavidan agvacilebs alkoholTan dakavSire-

bul problemebs;
10. marixuana ar iwvevs damokidebulebas.
TiToeul debulebasTan dakavSirebiT maswavlebeli sTxovs ram-

denime moswavles, ganmarton, ratom sjeraT an ar sjeraT konkre-
tuli debulebisa da awvdis moswavleebs swor informacias.
Semdeg maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, gaixsenon, sad gaugiaT

esa Tu is mosazreba fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze. ra iyo maTTvis
informaciis wyaro.
maswavlebeli informaciis wyaroebs Camowers dafaze:
reklama;
mSoblebi;
sxva mozrdilebi;
interneti;
wignebi, Jurnalebi;
megobrebi;
sainformacio saSualebebi;
sakuTari gamocdileba.
maswavlebeli akeTebs am nawilis Sejamebas: saubrobs informaci-

is kritikulad Sefasebis aucileblobaze, sxvadasxva informaci-
is wyaros sandoobaze, ra mizeziT SeiZleba iyos esa Tu is wyaro
sarwmuno an piriqiT – ar iyos sando.
133

1. alkoholi aris nivTiereba, romelic iwvevs damokidebulebas, ma-
gram ar aris fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba.
mcdaria. alkoholi fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebaa, vinaidan zemoqme-
debs centralur nervul sistemaze da fsiqikaze, cvlis aRqmas,
grZnobebs, qcevas da misi xSiri moxmareba iwvevs damokidebule-
bis Camoyalibebas.
2. manqanis marTva marixuanas zemoqmedebis qveS ufro usafrTxoa,

vidre alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS.
mcdaria. iseve, rogorc alkoholi, marixuana cvlis moZraobis
koordinacias, anelebs reaqciis dros da cvlis aRqmas. am cvli-
lebaTagan TiToeuli SeiZleba gaxdes avtokatastrofis mizezi.
3. yava, Cai da bevri gaziani sasmeli Seicavs fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebas.

simarTlea. yava, Cai da tkbili gaziani sasmelebis umravlesoba
Seicavs stimulant kofeins, romelic iwvevs damokidebulebis Ca-
moyalibebas. kofeini fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebaa. kofeinis miRe-
bis SewyvetiT gamowveul mdgomareobas axasiaTebs Tavis tkivili.
4. sigaretis moweva iwvevs damokidebulebas.

simarTlea. Tambaqos bolSi 4000-mde nivTiereba Sedis, xolo mi-
Cvevas maTgan mxolod erTi – nikotini iwvevs. swored nikotinis
moTxovnileba aiZulebs adamians, kvlav da kvlav SeisunTqos Tam-
baqos boli. dasawyisSi nikotini iwvevs centraluri nervuli sis-
temis stimulirebas da mweveli grZnobs energiis mozRvavebas,
xdeba ufro aqtiuri. mogvianebiT, damokidebulebis Camoyalibe-
bis Semdeg, mowevis Sewyveta iwvevs guneba-ganwyobis daqveiTebas,
SfoTvas, gaRizianebas, koncentraciis unaris daqveiTebas. Tan-
daTan mwevelis organizmi veRar kmayofildeba nikotinis uwin-
deli doziT, Sesabamisad, izrdeba moweuli sigaretis raodenoba
da mcirdeba intervali mowevebs Soris. Tambaqoze yvelaze meti
adamiania damokidebuli.
134
5. zogierT adamianze alkoholi ufro Zlierad moqmedebs.
simarTlea. alkoholis zemoqmedeba ramdenime faqtoriT aris
ganpirobebuli: sxeulis wona, organizmSi sxva fsiqoaqtiuri ni-
vTierebis arseboba, janmrTelobis zogadi mdgomareoba. sxva-
dasxva adamianis RviZli gansxvavebuli raodenobiT gamoimuSavebs
fermentebs, romlebic monawileobs alkoholis daSlaSi. aseve
mniSvnelovania, dalevamde ramdeni xniT adre miiRo adamianma
sakvebi.
6-7. fsiqotropuli preparatebis miReba ufro usafrTxoa, vidre

aralegaluri narkotikebisa.
mcdaria. fsiqotropuli medikamentebis miReba usafrTxoa mxo-
lod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu maTi miReba xdeba mkurnalobis mizniT
da aucileblad eqimis daniSnulebiT. rodesac adamians janmr-
Telobis problemebis gamo sWirdeba fsiqotropuli preparatebi
da iRebs maT eqimis daniSnulebiT, umjobesdeba misi fizikuri
da fsiqikuri mdgomareoba. magram, rodesac adamians ar aqvs ara-
nairi simptomebi, araferi awuxebs da gasabrueblad iRebs ama Tu
im fsiqotropul preparats, es iseTive safrTxis Semcvelia, ro-
gorc aralegaluri narkotikebis moxmareba.
arasamkurnalo mizniT fsiqotrpuli medikamentebis miReba se-

riozul problemebs uqmnis janmrTelobas da xSiria zedozire-
bis SemTxvevebi.
gansakuTrebiT sariskoa fsiqotropuli medikamentebis miReba

alkoholTan erTad.
fsiqotropuli preparatebis gamoyeneba eqimis daniSnulebis ga-

reSe iwvevs miCvevas da damokidebulebas.
8. alkoholi aZlierebs seqsualobas.

mcdaria. alkoholi, iseve, rogorc narkotikebis umravlesoba,
Trgunavs seqsualobas. narkotikma da alkoholma SeiZleba ga-
zardos siTamame da gambedaoba sqesobriv partniorTan urTier-
TobaSi, magram Seqmnas iseTi problemebi, rogoric aris ereqciis
Sesusteba, mgrZnobelobis daqveiTeba an orgazmis arqona. amas
garda, alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS adamianma SeiZleba iseTi
qceva ganaxorcielos, rasac fxizeli ar gaakeTebda.
135
9. mxolod ludis sma Tavidan agvacilebs alkoholTan dakavSire-
bul problemebs.
mcdaria. adamianze moqmedebs alkoholi (eTanoli, eTilis spir-
ti), romelsac Seicavs ludic, Rvinoc da arayic.
mozardebSi alkoholze SeCveva ufro advilad viTardeba, vidre

mozrdilebSi. rac ufro adre iwyebs mozardi alkoholis miRe-
bas, miT ufro swrafad viTardeba miCveva da ufro adre yalibde-
ba alkoholze damokidebuli.
mozardisaTvis dReSi 1-2 boTli ludis regularuli miReba

alkoholizmis winapirobas warmoadgens.
10. marixuana ar iwvevs damokidebulebas
mcdaria. marixuana iwvevs fsiqikur damokidebulebas: adamians

sul ufro xSirad uCndeba am narkotikis miRebis survili, mis
gareSe cud xasiaTzea, cxovreba uinteresod da uferulad eCve-
neba;
aSS-Si Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom marixuanas sistematu-
rad momxmarebelTa 25-50%-s damokidebuleba uyalibdeba, rac
gamoixateba marixuanas moxmarebis dauZlevel moTxovnilebaSi.
marixuanas sistematuri moxmarebis Sewyvetis Semdeg viTardeba
aRkveTis sindromi. es Zalian hgavs Tambaqos mwevelis mdgomareo-
bas, romelic Tavs anebebs sigarets: igive mousvenroba, SfoTva,
Zilis darRveva, mowevis mudmivi survili. msgavsi mdgomareoba
SeiZleba gagrZeldes ramdenime dRes an ramdenime kviras.
aqtivoba 6. alkoholis safrTxe
mizani: 1. moswavleebi gaacnobiereben, ra zegavlenas

axdens alkoholi adamianis organizmze da tvinze; 2. daadgenen
alkoholis moxmarebis jansaR alternativebs.
136
asaki: 12-14 weli
resursebi: 1. kiTxvarebi moswavleebisTvis: `ra viciT

alkoholis Sesaxeb~; 2. saSinao davaleba `Tavsatexi~.
msvleloba: gamarTeT diskusia Temaze – ra SeiZleba vu-

TxraT an rogor moviqceT, roca sasmels gvaZaleben.
diskusiis wamosawyebad dasviT kiTxva: ratom xdeba, rom zogierTi

mozardi, romelsac ar unda daleva, ver ewinaaRmdegeba zewolas da
svams alkoholur sasmels?
SesaZlo pasuxebi: undaT, rom vinmes Tavi moawonon; ar undaT,

sxvebisgan gansxvavdebodnen; ar undaT axsna-ganmartebis micema.
SeTavazebebi maswavleblisgan: bevri sxva gasarTobi arsebobs da-

levis garda; Tu ar svam, ar niSnavs, rom yvelasgan gansxvavdebi
– mozardebis umetesoba ar svams; zogjer kargi xumroba exmareba
adamians, axsna-ganmartebis gareSe Tqvas uari.
kiTxva diskusiisTvis: risi Tqma SeiZleba zewolis asacileblad?
moswavleebma SeiZleba daasaxelon CamoTvlili variantebi. mie-

ciT saSualeba, ganixilon TiToeuli maTgani:
→ ara, gmadlobT;
→ ar momwons, wvens davlev;
→ ar vsvam;
→ me nu SemomTavazebT;
→ sasmlis gareSec kargad verTobi;
→ ------
→ ------
137
jansaRi alternativebi – dawereT dafaze dausrulebeli winada-
deba:
`ratom unda davlioT, roca SeiZleba...~
daexmareT moswavleebs daasaxelon rac SeiZleba meti alterna-

tiva. magaliTad:
→ ratom unda davlioT, roca SeiZleba kargi filmi vnaxoT?
→ ratom unda davlioT, roca SeiZleba fexburTi viTama-

SoT?..
SekiTxva diskusiis dasawyebad: rogor fiqrobT, ratom iwyeben

smas axalgazrdebi? Tqveni azriT, ratom SeiZleba svamdes rome-
lime Tqveni nacnobi?
SesaZlo pasuxebi: cnobismoyvareobis gamo; Tanatolebis zega-

vleniT; xedaven, rom mSoblebi da sxva mozrdilebi svamen; undaT,
rom ufro didebad gamoiyurebodnen; xedaven, rom maTze cota
ufrosi asakis axalgazrdebi svamen; alkoholi advilad xelmi-
sawvdomia; reklamebSi adamianebi, romlebic svamen, simpaTiurad,
warmatebulad, xalisianad gamoiyurebian (reklamebSi sasmelebi
marTlac momxibvlelad gamoiyureba, magram es garkveul mizans –
alkoholuri sasmelebis gayidvis procentuli maCveneblis gazr-
das da sasmlis mwarmoeblebisTvis meti mogebis motanas emsaxu-
reba).
diskusiis Semdeg miawodeT moswavleebs mokle informacia alko-

holis zegavlenis Sesaxeb Tavis tvinze. informaciis miwodebisas
gaiTvaliswineT is 12 debuleba, romlebic mowodebulia moswa-
vleebisTvis dasarigebel kiTxvarSi – `ra viciT alkoholze~.
amobeWdeT da daurigeT moswavleebs kiTxvari – `ra viciT alko-

holze~.
ra viciT alkoholze?
instruqcia: qvemoT mocemulia 12 debuleba imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlenas ax-
dens alkoholi Tavis tvinze. zogi maTgani arasworia. waikiTxeT yuradRebiT
da SemoxazeT TiToeuli debulebis Semdeg pasuxi – `sworia~ an àrasworia~.
138
1. alkoholi stimulantia.
sworia arasworia
2. alkoholis zegavleniT yvelaferi bundovani xdeba. nasvami adamiani gau-

gebrad laparakobs da cudad esmis, uqveiTdeba ynosva da gemos SegrZneba.
sworia arasworia
3. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamianis azrovneba, metyveleba da

moZraoba Senelebulia.
sworia arasworia
4. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamiani ufro mSvidi, yuradRebiani da

gulisxmieria.
sworia arasworia
5. didi xnis manZilze alkoholis moxmareba aqveiTebs TviTkontrols,

azrovnebisa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars.
sworia arasworia
6. alkoholi ar axdens zegavlenas mexsierebaze.
sworia arasworia
7. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvam adamians uWirs wonasworobis dacva, sagne-

bis xelSi daWera, xeliT zusti moZraobebis Sesruleba.
sworia arasworia
8. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamiani emociuri da gulCvili xdeba.
sworia arasworia
9. alkoholi aumjobesebs Zils.
sworia arasworia
10. alkoholi exmareba adamians wonis daklebaSi.
sworia arasworia
11. Tu adamians didi xniT uwevs siciveSi gareT yofna, gasaTbobad alkoholi
unda miiRos.
sworia arasworia
12. alkoholi aZlierebs SimSils da wyurvils.
sworia arasworia
139
SeagroveT moswavleebis mier Sevsebuli kiTxvarebi da daurigeT
saSinao davaleba `Tavsatexi – ra safrTxes Seicavs alkoholis
moxmareba?~
Tavsatexi
ra safrTxes Seicavs alkoholis miReba
alkoholis safrTxeebze teqstis amkrefs zogi sityva gamorCa.
roca sTxoves teqstis gasworeba, mbeWdavma gamotovebul sity-
vebSi asoebi auria da teqstis bolos miawera. iqneb Tqven SeZloT
teqstis aRdgena: gaasworeT areuli sityvebi da mouZebneT Sesa-
bamisi adgili teqstSi.
`------------------- SeiZleba gaigoT, rom ----------------- axalisebs cxo-

vrebas. sinamdvileSi, alkoholi --------------------- - damTrgunveli
zemoqmedeba axasiaTebs.
erTi Wiqac sakmarisia imisTvis, rom Sesustdes ----------------- Se-

saZleblobebi - --------------------- situaciis saRad Sefasebis, -------
---- ------------------ miRebis, ------------------------ ------------------- unari.
alkoholis zegavleniT SeiZleba Seni metyveleba Znelad gasagebi

gaxdes da xeli SegiSalos --------------------------. didi raodenobiT
alkoholis miRebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios -------------------- ------------
-------------------`.
nivist --------------------------------------------
lokalhoi --------------------------------------------
predenatisa --------------------------------------------
baSurToiTeri --------------------------------------------
sriwo tibigaledawyesv --------------------------------------------
biredameklan --------------------------------------------
sebonig kravdaga --------------------------------------------
esTidadeqv ---------------------------------------------
darilukog jomselsib ----------------------------------------------
140

pasuxebi kiTxvarze: ra viciT alkoholze?
1. alkoholi stimulantia.
sworia arasworia
alkoholi centraluri nervuli sistemis depresantia. mas Tavi-

dan stimulaciuri efeqti aqvs, radgan, pirvel rigSi, Tavis tvi-
nis im ubnebs Trgunavs, romlebic Sekavebas akontrolebs.
2. alkoholis zegavleniT yvelaferi bundovani xdeba. nasvami

adamiani gaugebrad laparakobs da cudad esmis, uqveiTdeba
ynosva da gemos SegrZneba.
sworia arasworia
alkoholi anelebs Tavis tvinis qerqSi grZnobaTa organoebidan

miRebuli informaciis gadamuSavebas.
3. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamianis azrovneba, metyve-

leba da moZraoba Senelebulia.
sworia arasworia
rodesac adamians raimes gakeTeba unda, centraluri nervuli sis-

tema – Tavis tvini da zurgis tvini – agzavnis informacias sxeu-
lis Sesabamis nawilSi. vinaidan alkoholi anelebs centraluri
nervuli sistemis aqtivobas, adamianis azrovneba, metyveleba da
moZraobac Senelebulia.
4. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamiani ufro mSvidi, yura-

dRebiani da gulisxmieria.
sworia arasworia
141
rodesac alkoholi zemoqmedebs Tavis tvinis Sublis wilze, ada-
miani veRar akontrolebs Tavis emociebs da impulsebs, daufi-
qreblad moqmedebs da zogjer agresiulic xdeba. didi xnis man-
Zilze alkoholis moxmareba samudamod azianebs Sublis wils.
5. alkoholis moxmareba aqveiTebs TviTkontrols, azrovnebisa

da gadawyvetilebis miRebis unars.
sworia arasworia
Tavis tvinis Sublis wili mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs azrovne-

bis, gadawyvetilebis miRebis, TviTkontrolis ganxorcielebis
procesSi. didi xnis manZilze alkoholis miReba samudamod azia-
nebs Sublis wils.
6. alkoholi ar axdens zegavlenas mexsierebaze.
sworia arasworia
hipokampi Tavis tvinis is nawilia, romelic pasuxismgebelia mex-

sierebaze.
• roca alkoholi aRwevs hipokamps, adamians uZneldeba axa-

li informaciis damaxsovreba. magaliTad, vinmes saxels an
telefonis nomers ver daimaxsovrebs. es SeiZleba moxdes
erTi an ori Wiqis dalevis Semdegac.
• erTbaSad didi raodenobiT alkoholis dalevis Semdeg Sei-

Zleba moxdes mexsierebidan drois raRac monakveTis sruli
amovardna. magaliTad, adamiani ver ixsenebs, ras akeTebda
simTvraleSi guSin saRamos.
• Tu alkoholma hipokampi daaziana, adamians mniSvnelovnad

uqveiTdeba nebismieri informaciis damaxsovrebis unari.
142
7. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvam adamians uWirs wonasworobis
dacva, xeliT zusti moZraobebis Sesruleba.
sworia arasworia
naTxemi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs koordinaciaSi, azrovneba-

Si, cnobierebaSi. es yvelaferi qveiTdeba, roca alkoholi naTxems
aRwevs. alkoholis zegavleniT xelebi SeiZleba ise aukankaldes
adamians, rom raime nivTis aRebac ki gauWirdes. SeiZleba dakar-
gos wonasworoba da daeces.
8. alkoholis zegavleniT nasvami adamiani emociuri da gulCvi-

li xdeba.
sworia arasworia
Tavis tvinis Sublis wili mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs azrovnebis,

gadawyvetilebis miRebis, TviTkontrolis ganxorcielebis proces-
Si. rodesac alkoholi zemoqmedebs Tavis tvinis Sublis wilze, ada-
miani veRar akontrolebs Tavis emociebs da impulsebs. didi xnis
manZilze alkoholis miReba samudamod azianebs Sublis wils.
9. alkoholi aumjobesebs Zils.
sworia arasworia
hipoTalamusi aris Tavis tvinis patara nawili, romelic mniSvne-

lovan rols asrulebs organizmSi mimdinare procesebis marTva-
Si. alkoholi arRvevs hipoTalamusis muSaobas da Sedegad matu-
lobs arteriuli wneva, Zlierdeba SimSilisa da wyurvilis grZ-
noba, Sardvis moTxovnileba; guliscema Senelebulia, sxeulis
temperatura – daqveiTebuli. aseTi mdgomareobaSi mSvidad Zili
SeuZlebelia.
143
10. alkoholi exmareba adamians wonis daklebaSi.
sworia arasworia
alkoholi arRvevs hipoTalamusis normalur muSaobas da, Sede-

gad, Zlierdeba SimSilis da wyurvilis grZnoba, adamiani zedmet
sakvebs da siTxes iRebs.
11. Tu adamians didi xniT uwevs siciveSi gareT yofna, gasaTbo-

bad alkoholi unda miiRos.
sworia arasworia
mogrZo tvini akontrolebs iseT avtomatur procesebs orga-

nizmSi, rogoric aris guliscema. is aseve aregulirebs sxeulis
temperaturas. alkoholis zegavleniT farTovdeba periferiuli
sisxlZarRvebi da matulobs siTbos gacema. yovelive amis Sede-
gad sxeulis temperatura qveiTdeba. amitom, siciveSi alkoholis
miRebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios janmrTelobisTvis saxifaTo mdgo-
mareoba – organizmis gadacieba, e. w. hipoTermia.
12. alkoholi aZlierebs SimSils da wyurvils.
sworia arasworia
hipoTalamusi aris Tavis tvinis patara nawili, romelic uamrav

saqmes akeTebs organizmis procesebis marTvaSi. alkoholi arR-
vevs hipoTalamusis normalur muSaobas da Sedegad Zlierdeba
SimSilisa da wyurvilis grZnoba.
Tavsatexis gasaRebi:
ra safrTxes Seicavs alkoholis miReba

reklamebidan SeiZleba gaigoT, rom alkoholi axalisebs cxovre-
bas. sinamdvileSi, alkoholi depresantia – damTrgunveli zemo-
qmedeba axasiaTebs.
erTi Wiqac sakmarisia imisTvis, rom Sesustdes tvinis SesaZle-
144
blobebi – daqveiTdes situaciis saRad Sefasebis, swori gadawyve-
tilebis miRebis, logikurad msjelobis unari.
alkoholis zegavleniT SeiZleba Seni metyveleba Znelad gasa-

gebi gaxdes da xeli SegiSalos urTierTobaSi. didi raodenobiT
alkoholis miRebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios gonebis dakargva.
nivist tvinis
lokalhoi alkoholi
predenatisa depresantia
baSurToiTeri urTierTobaSi
sriwo tibigaledawyesv swori gadawyvetilebis

biredameklan reklamebidan
sebonig kravdaga gonebis dakargva
esTidadeqv daqveiTdes
darilukog mjoselsib logikurad msjelobis
aqtivoba 7. TamaSi-viqtorina `Caketili wre~
mizani: mizani: Tambaqosa da alkoholis moxmarebis Sede-

gebis Sesaxeb informaciis miReba.
resursebi: baraTebi SekiTxvebiT da pasuxebiT.
145
msvleloba: baraTebi kargad aurieT da daarigeT. Tu

moswavleebis raodenoba baraTebis raodenobaze naklebia, zogs
SeiZleba erTze meti baraTic Sexvdes.
auxseniT jgufs TamaSis wesi:
`visac SegxvdaT baraTi N1, xmamaRla waukiTxeT jgufs baraTze

mocemuli SekiTxva. yvelam daxedeT Tqvens baraTs. Tu fiqrobT,
rom Tqvens baraTze weria pasuxi dasmul kiTxvaze, xmamaRla wai-
kiTxeT. is, vis baraTzec am kiTxvis pasuxia, xmamaRla kixulobs
pasuxs da svams kiTxvas Tavisi baraTidan~.
ase grZeldeba manam, sanam yvela kiTxvas gaecema pasuxi.
arasworia. profesionali
#1 sportsmenebis umravlesoba
ar eweva. mwevelebs
saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi
ar yofniT sunTqva da
yoveli 100 adamianidan ramdeni
gamZleoba fizikuri varjiSis
ar eweva?
Sesasruleblad.
ludi ar aris alkoholuri

sasmeli. sworia Tu ara?
daaxloebiT 60. saqarTveloSi arasworia. 1 kaTxa ludi
mcxovrebi adamianebis Seicavs imdenive alkohols,
umetesoba ar eweva. ramdensac 1 Wiqa Rvino da 1
Wiqa arayi.
ra aris kupri?
ra siswrafiT Seiwoveba
alkoholi organizmSi?
yavisferi webovani nivTiereba, miRebidan 5 wuTSi alkoholi

romelic ileqeba mwevelis xvdeba sisxlSi.
filtvebSi.
ra asakidan aris nebadarTuli
ratom axvelebT mwevelebs alkoholuri sasmelebis SeZena
dilis saaTebSi? saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT?
146
filtvebSi dagrovili kupris saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT,

gamo. adamiani, romelic eweva alkoholuri sasmelebis
dReSi erT kolof sigarets, SeZena nebadarTulia 18 wlis
SeisunTqavs daaxloebiT 250 g asakidan.
kuprs weliwadSi.
TambaqoSi Semavali kupri iwvevs ra gavlenas axdens alkoholi

Tambaqoze damokidebulebis tvinze?
Camoyalibebas.
sworia Tu ara?
arasworia. damokidebulebas alkoholi centraluri
iwvevs TambaqoSi Semavali nervuli sistemis depresantia.
nikotini da ara kupri. is Trgunavs tvinis aqtivobas.
organizmi eCveva nikotins da aqveiTebs azrovnebis unars,
swored nikotinis gamoa Zneli yuradRebis koncentracias,
TambaqosTvis Tavis danebeba. adunebs da abruebs.
ras iwvevs organizmSi Tambaqos ZiriTadad romel organoSi

kvamlis erTi SesunTqva (erTi xdeba alkoholis gadamuSaveba?
nafazi)?
guliscemis aCqarebas, RviZlia is organo, romelic

arteriuli wnevis momatebas, mTavar rols asrulebs
sunTqvis aCqarebas, filtvebSi alkoholis gadamuSavebaSi. Tu
kupris daleqvas da kanis adamiani didi xnis manZilze
temperaturis daqveiTebas. yoveldRiurad iRebs 2-3 Wiqa
sasmels, RviZli ziandeba da
mwevelebi ufro xSirad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes iseTi
avaddebian gulis daavadebebiT, mZime daavadeba, rogoric aris
vidre aramwevelebi. sworia Tu RviZlis cirozi.
ara?
ratom xdeba, rom didi
raodenobiT alkoholi iwvevs
gaugebar metyvelebas?
147
sworia. nikotini aCqarebs alkoholi adunebs kunTebs.

guliscemas da aviwroebs maT Soris im kunTebsac,
sisxlZarRvebs. naxSirJangi romlebic monawileobs
aiZulebs guls, meti metyvelebis procesSi.
datvirTviT imuSaos,
rom qsovilebs Jangbadi wre Seikra!
miewodos. amis gamo mwevelebs TamaSi dasrulebulia.
Soris ufro xSiria gulis
daavadebebi.
profesionali sportsmenebis
umravlesoba eweva. sworia Tu
ara?
aqtivoba 8. cxovreba narkotikebTa erTad
mizani: narkomaniis problemis simwvavis gacnobiereba.
asaki: 15-17 w.; dro: 15-20 wT
resursebi: mcire zomis baraTebi, kalmistrebi
msvleloba: maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, aiRon 3

furceli, gayon 4 nawilad da gaamzadon patara zomis 12 baraTi.
àm baraTebs Tqven garda veravin naxavs, magram Tu gsurT, Segi-

ZliaT gamoiyenoT pirobiTi aRniSvnebi, simboloebi, kodi.
gaixseneT Tqveni sayvareli nivTebi. amoarCieT maTgan 4 nivTi,

romelic ufro Rirebulia. es SeiZleba iyos Zvirfasi nivTi an
148
Zalian ubralo, magram raime movlenis saxsovari. TiTo baraTze
dawereT TiTo nivTis dasaxeleba.
axla dafiqrdiT da Semdeg 4 baraTze saTiTaod dawereT Tqveni

fizikuri monacemebi, romlebic mogwonT yvelaze metad. SeiZleba
Tqven Zalian mogwonT Tqveni Tvalebi, an Tqveni xma, romelic saSua-
lebas gaZlevT, kargad imReroT, an iqneb Ronieri xarT da a. S.
Semdeg 4 baraTze dawereT im adamianebis saxelebi, visTan ur-

TierTobac TqvenTvis Rirebuli da mniSvnelovania~.
mas Semdeg, rac yvela monawile mzad iqneba, maswavlebeli ambobs:
`modiT, warmovidginoT, ra xdeba im adamianis cxovrebaSi, ro-

melic narkotiks moixmars. narkotikis moxmareba safasurs moi-
Txovs. es safasuri ar Semoifargleba mxolod fuliT. adamiani
TandaTan kargavs janmrTelobas da masTan erTad Tavis fizikur
SesaZleblobebs. TandaTan ufuWdeba urTierToba sayvarel ada-
mianebTan. modiT, warmovidginoT es situacia. amisaTvis, gTxovT
yvelas, momceT TiTo baraTi sayvareli nivTebis siidan, TiTo
– fizikuri unarebis siidan da TiTo – sayvareli adamianebidan.
maswavlebeli Camouvlis yvela monawiles da arTmevs mowodebul
baraTebs. maswavlebeli ar kiTxulobs baraTebs – mxolod agro-
vebs da erT grovad aTavsebs. Semdeg agrZelebs:
`droTa ganmavlobaSi narkotiki axal msxverpls moiTxovs. gTxo-

vT, momceT kidev TiTo baraTi am sami sxvadasxva siidan. moswa-
vleebi kidev sam-sam furcels gadascemen.
`Tu narkotikis moxmareba isev gagrZelda, safasuri izrdeba, ma-

gram narkotikebis momxmarebeli veRar akontrolebs situacias~.
amis Semdeg maswavlebeli Camoivlis moswavleebs da TviTonve,

ukiTxavad iRebs yvelasgan im sam-sam baraTs, romlebic xelSi
moxvdeba. darCenili baraTebi im SesaZlo Sedegs asaxavs, rome-
lic narkotikis moxmarebas moaqvs adamianis cxovrebaSi. jgufu-
ri ganxilva:
1. rogor grZnobdnen Tavs monawileebi aqtivobis dros?

rogor grZnoben Tavs axla?
2. risi daTmoba gauWirdaT da ratom?
149
ganxilvis dasrulebis Semdeg maswavlebeli mimarTavs jgufs: ès
iyo TamaSi-gafrTxileba. imedi maqvs, rom arc erTi Tqvengani ar
aRmoCndeba msgavs situaciaSi da es problema Tqven da Tqvens
axloblebs arasodes SegexebaT~.

es aqtivoba warmoadgens mZlavr saSualebas imisTvis, rom mozar-
debma igrZnon, ra danakargi SeiZleba mohyves adamianis cxovreba-
Si narkotikis moxmarebas.
aqtivobam SeiZleba gamoiwvios uaryofiTi emociebi. mieciT moswa-

vleebs saSualeba, gamoxaton es emociebi da uTxariT, rom es mxo-
lod warmosaxviTi situciaa, romlis mizania, Tavidan aviciloT
aseTi gancdebi realur cxovrebaSi.
aqtivoba 9. `brein-ringi~
mizani: fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze damatebiTi informa-

ciis miReba saxaliso formiT.
asaki: 15-17 weli; dro: 30-40 wT.
resursebi: wammzomi, zari, qaRaldis furclebi, kalmebi
msvleloba: `brein-ringi~ aris gundebs Soris gamarTuli

Sejibreba-viqtorina. maswavlebeli yofs klass 4-5-kacian gun-
debad. gundebi ganlagdebian oTaxSi erTmaneTisgan moSorebiT
da irqmeven saxels, amzadeben qaRaldebs pasuxebisTvis gundis
150
saxelwodebiT. maswavlebeli dafaze amzadebs `tablos~ – Camowers
gundebis saxelwodebebs, romelTa gaswvriv TamaSis msvlelobi-
sas daiwereba qulebi. maswavlebeli acnobs moswavleebs TamaSis
wesebs:
`me wagikiTxavT SekiTxvas da davniSnav dros. 1 wuTis ganmavloba-

Si gundSi unda moifiqroT pasuxi kiTxvaze da mokled daweroT.
1 wuTis gasvlis Semdeg msjeloba Sewydeba da yvela gundi gad-
momcems furcels pasuxiT. amis Semdeg gagacnobT swor pasuxs.
is gundi, romelic sworad upasuxebs kiTxvas, miiRebs 1 qulas.
araswori pasuxis SemTxvevaSi gunds ewereba 0 qula~.
ar aris saurveli, rom maswavlebelma xmamaRla waikiTxos gunde-

bis mier gacemuli pasuxebi. sakmarisia, gaacnos moswavleebs Ta-
visi momzadebuli swori pasuxi da gamoacxados, romelma gundma
upasuxa sworad. Semdeg `tabloze~ yvela gunds mianiWos Sesaba-
misi qula.
SekiTxvebi:
1. daasaxeleT Rvinis RmerTi qristianobamdel saqarTvelo-

Si.
2. imisaTvis, rom nivTiereba narkotikul saSualebad CaiTva-
los, is unda akmayofilebdes sam kriteriums – samedici-
no, socialur da iuridiul kriteriumebs. ras gulisxm-
obs samedicino kriteriumi?
3. ra ewodeba movlenas, roca nivTierebis Cveuli doza
sasurvel efeqts aRar iZleva da adamiani iZulebulia ga-
zardos doza?
4. ra ewodeba narkotikis miRebis SewyvetiT gamowveul md-
gomareobas, romelic xasiaTdeba mZime fizikuri da fsiqi-
kuri simptomebiT?
5. ra ewodeba aRqmis darRvevas, roca adamiani ararsebul
sagnebsa da movlenebs aRiqvams, rogorc realobas?
6. ra uwodes inglisSi Tambaqos mwevelebisTvis gankuTvnil
specialur samoss?
7. `miwa-wylis or mTavar geografiul nawilad – mTad da
barad gayofa am mcenaris gavrcelebis Tvalsazrisze iyo
damyarebuli: sadamdisac am mcenaris moyvana iyo SesaZle-
151
beli, iqamdis qveyana barad iTvleboda, saiTganac misi
moyvana ukve SeuZlebeli iyo, im xaziTgan ukve mTad iyo
miCneuli~ (ivane javaxiSvili).
8. saqarTveloSi am mcenaris 500-mde jiSi da saxeoba aris
cnobili. ra mcenarea es?
9. romeli narkotikuli saSualebis ZiriTad fsiqoaqtiur
nivTierebas warmoadgens tetrahidrokanabinoli?

pasuxebi:
1. daasaxeleT Rvinis RmerTi qristianobamdel saqarTveloSi
aguna – mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis qarTuli warmarTuli RvTaeba.

agunas pativsacemi rituali saaxalwlo da saSemodgomo dRe-
saswaulebze sruldeboda. agunas saxelze saaxalwlod cxveboda
vazis rqis an mtevnis formis kverebi, maRlar vazTan da maranSi
loculobdnen da RvTaebas vazis nayofierebas SesTxovdnen.
qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia. Tbilisi, 1975 w.
aguna – nunua, Rvinis RmerTi, dionise-baxusis oreuli. guruli

saaxalwlo simRera àguna~, romelic sawnaxelze kakunis ayole-
biT sruldeba, aris ritualuri himni.
akaki gelovani. miTologiuri leqsikoni. Tbilisi, 1983 w.
2. imisaTvis, rom nivTiereba narkotikul saSualebad CaiTvalos, is

unda akmayofilebdes sam kriteriums – samedicino, socialur da
iuridiul kriteriumebs. ras gulisxmobs samedicino kriteriumi?
samarTlebrivad esa Tu is fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba narkotikul

saSualebad CaiTvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu is daakmayofi-
lebs erTdroulad sam kriteriums: samedicinos – centralur
nervul sistemaze nivTierebis gansakuTrebuli zemoqmedeba gana-
pirobebs mis arasamedicino mizniT gamoyenebas; socialurs – ase-
Ti gamoyeneba masStaburia da socialur mniSvnelobas iZens; iu-
152
ridiuls – am nivTierebas oficialurad miakuTvneben kontrols
daqvemdebarebul nivTierebaTa jgufs.
samedicino kriteriumi: yvela narkotiki fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiere-

baa. fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebi moqmedebs cnobierebaze, grZno-
bebsa da aRqmaze. fsiqoaqtivoba gamoixateba centralur nervul
sistemaze nivTierebis gansakuTrebuli zemoqmedebiT – mastimu-
lirebeli, amgznebi, damamSvidebeli, Zilis momgvreli, halucina-
ciebis gamomwvevi da sxva efeqtebiT.
3. ra ewodeba movlenas, roca nivTierebis Cveuli doza sasurvel

efeqts aRar iZleva da adamiani iZulebulia gazardos doza?
narkotikis regularuli moxmarebis dawyebidan garkveuli perio-

dis Semdeg adamians uCndeba Cveuli nivTierebis dozis gazrdis
moTxovnileba, vinaidan uwindeli doza sasurvel efeqts aRar
iZleva. es biologiuri meqanizmi tolerantobis (anu amtanobis)
matebis saxeliT aris cnobili.
4. ra ewodeba narkotikis miRebis SewyvetiT gamowveul mdgomareo-

bas, romelic xasiaTdeba mZime fizikuri da fsiqikuri simptomebiT?
narkotikebis sistematuri moxmarebis dawyebidan garkveuli

drois gasvlis Semdeg adamiani aRmoaCens, rom Cveuli narkoti-
kis moxmarebis uecari Sewyveta iwvevs Zlier fizikur aSlilobas,
romelic morigi dozis miRebisTanave qreba. es aSliloba – aRkve-
Tis mdgomareoba, anu abstinenturi sindromi, (`lomka~) fizikuri
da fsiqikuri simptomebis kompleqss warmoadgens da imaze miuTi-
Tebs, rom adamians Camouyalibda narkotikze fizikuri damokide-
buleba.
5. ra ewodeba aRqmis darRvevas, roca adamiani ararsebul sagnebsa

da movlenebs aRiqvams, rogorc realobas?
halucinacia - aRqma, romelic realuri obieqtis gareSe aRmocen-

deba (xilvebi, moCvenebebi, bgerebi, xmebi, suni da a. S.)
153
6. ra uwodes inglisSi Tambaqos mwevelebisTvis gankuTvnil specia-
lur samoss?
imisaTvis, rom Zvirfasi Salis kostiumis sayelo ar amomwvariyo

sigaris ferfliT, inglisSi Tambaqos moyvarulTaTvis specialuri
samosi gamoigones atlasis sayeloTi da smokingi uwodes (ingl.
smoking - moweva). atlasis sriala zedapirze ferfli ar Cerdeba.
7. `miwa-wylis or mTavar geografiul nawilad - mTad da barad gayo-

fa am mcenaris gavrcelebis Tvalsazrisze iyo damyarebuli: sadam-
disac am mcenaris moyvana SesaZlebeli iyo, iqamdis qveyana barad
iTvleboda, saiTganac misi moyvana ukve SeuZlebeli iyo, im xaziT-
gan ukve mTad iyo miCneuli~ (ivane javaxiSvili).
saqarTveloSi am mcenaris 500-mde jiSi da saxeobaa cnobili. ra mce-
narea es?
`miwa-wylis or mTavar geografiul nawilad – mTad da barad ga-

yofa mevenaxeobis gavrcelebis Tvalsazriszed iyo damyarebuli:
sadamdisac mevenaxeoba SesaZlebeli iyo, iqamdis qveyana barad
iTvleboda, saiTganac vazis moyvana ukve SeuZlebeli iyo, im xa-
ziTgan ukve mTad iyo miCneuli~.
ivane javaxiSvili. Txzulebani. Tbilisi, 1986 w.
8. romeli narkotikuli saSualebis ZiriTad fsiqoaqtiur nivTie-

rebas warmoadgens tetrahidrokanabinoli?
kanabisis preparatebSi (marixuana, anaSa, haSiSi, plani) Semaval aq-

tiur nivTierebebs Soris ZiriTad fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebas war-
moadgens tetrahidrokanabinoli (THC).
aqtivoba 10. savarjiSo-metafora `skami~
mizani: aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, daina-

xon, rom TviTon narkotiks aqvs Tviseba, gamoiwvios miCveva da
damokidebuleba.
154
asaki: 12-17 weli; dro: 5-10 wT.
resursebi: skami
msvleloba: maswavlebeli uxsnis moswavleebs, rom ro-

desac axalgazrda iwyebs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmare-
bas, igi darwmunebulia, rom ar gaxdeba damokidebuli da roca
moundeba, maSin Sewyvets am nivTierebis moxmarebas. magram, sa-
mwuxarod, es ase ar aris, radgan damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba
momxmareblisTvis SeumCnevlad xdeba. amis sademonstraciod sTa-
vazobs moswavleebs aqtivobas.
maswavlebeli iwvevs erT moxalises aqtivobaSi monawileobis mi-

saRebad. maswavlebeli da moxalise dgebian erTmaneTis pirispir
3-4 metris daSorebiT. maswavlebels win udgas skami da xelebi
uwyvia skamis sazurgeze.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moxalises, TvaliT gazomos da Tqvas, ramde-

ni nabijia misgan skamamde, Semdeg TvaldaxuWuli mivides skamTan.
roca TvaldaxuWuli moxalise iwyebs moZraobas skamisken, maswa-

vlebeli uxmaurod gadaaadgilebs skams Semxvedri mimarTulebiT
da gzad axvedrebs misken mimaval moswavles. (maswavlebli unda
ecados, rom skamTan Sejaxeba umtkivneulod moxdes.)
bunebrivia, rom moswavlisTvis moulodnelia skamTan Sejaxeba

imaze bevrad adre, vidre man gaTvala.
maswavlebelma madloba unda gadauxados moxalises aqtivobaSi

monawileobisTvis da uTxras yvelas gasagonad, rom man sworad
gaTvala manZili skamamde, magram aseTi iyo Canafiqri – mas ar
unda scodnoda, rom skamic imoZravebda.
moxalise jdeba Tavis adgilas da iwyeba sademonstracio aqtivo-

bis ganxilva.
155
maswavlebeli moswavleebs ekiTxeba: maTi azriT, ras ganasaxiereb-
da skami da risi demonstrireba moxda am aqtivobiT?
maswavlebeli saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gamoTqvan sakuTa-

ri mosazrebebi da Semdeg awvdis mokle ganmartebas:
metafora imaSi mdgomareobs, rom narkotikze damokidebulebis

Camoyalibebac aseve xdeba: rodesac axalgazrda iwyebs fsiqoa-
qtiuri nivTierebis moxmarebas, darwmunebulia, rom amas mxo-
lod gasarTobad akeTebs da damokidebuli arasdros gaxdeba.
marTalia, pirovnul faqtorebs - adamianis ganzraxvas, survils,
TviTkontrolis unars – didi mniSvneloba aqvs, magram, rogorc
wesi, ar iTvaliswineben Tavad narkotikis Tvisebebs. kerZod imas,
rom narkotiks SeuZlia yvela adamianSi gamoiwvios miCveva da da-
mokidebuleba. vis ramdeni miRebis Semdeg Camouyalibdeba damo-
kidebuleba, winaswar veravin ver gansazRvravs, verc Tavad es
adamiani.
zogjer fiqroben, rom Tu sxvas ramdenime Tvis an ramdenime wlis

Semdeg Camouyalibda damokidebuleba, TviTon amden xans ar gaa-
grZelebs moxmarebas, magram yvela pirovneba da organizmi in-
dividualuria, yvela SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebuli faqtorebi moq-
medebs. amitom narkotikis Tviseba, gamoiwvios damokidebuleba,
yvela SemTxvevaSi sxvadasxva vadaSi iCens Tavs. zogjer fsiqikuri
damokidebulebis CamoyalibebisTvis mxolod erTi miRebac sakma-
risia.
Cvens aqtivobaSi skami ganasaxierebda fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebas.

Cvenma moxalisem sworad gaTvala manZili, magram ufro adre
Seejaxa skams, radgan ver gaiTvaliswina, rom skamsac `SeeZlo~
gadaadgileba. swored ase ver iTvaliswineben fsiqoaqtiuri ni-
vTierebebis erT-erT arsebiT Tvisebas – gamoiwvios miCveva da
damokidebuleba.
156
aqtivoba 11. Cveni jansaRi skola
mizani: aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs: 1. dafi-

qrdnen, rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes skolaSi Tambaqos, alko-
holisa da narkotikebis moxmarebis prevencia; 2. gaivarjiSon
sakuTari poziciis argumentirebulad dasabuTebisa da gunduri
muSaobis unari.
resursebi: furclebi, kalmebi, didi formatis qaRalde-

bi, flomasterebi.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli mimarTavs moswavleebs:
`Tambaqos, alkoholisa da narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli

problemebis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa TiToeulis Zalisx-
meva. mniSvnelovania, rom yvela organizacias da dawesebulebas
hqondes Tavisi gansazRvruli midgoma am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT.
gTavazobT, SevimuSaoT samoqmedo gegma Cveni skolisTvis – ro-

gor davicvaT Tavi fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze damokidebulebis
Camoyalibebisgan. es gegma unda Seicavdes rogorc wesebisa da
normebis CamonaTvals, aseve RonisZiebebs, romlebic dagvexmare-
ba miznis miRwevaSi~.
maswavlebeli yofs moswavleebs sam jgufad – `maswavleblebi~,

`moswavleebi~ da `mSoblebi~. TiToeul qvejgufs evaleba, Tavisi
rolidan gamomdinare, 15 wuTis ganmavlobaSi SeimuSaos is wesebi
da RonisZiebebi, romlebic xels Seuwyobs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTie-
rebebis moxmarebis Tavidan acilebas da cxovrebis jansaRi wesis
damkvidrebas.
157
yovel jgufs Tavisi namuSevari gadaaqvs didi formatis qaRal-
dze.
drois amowurvis Semdeg TiToeuli qvejgufis erT-erTi wevri

waradgens jgufis namuSevars.
prezentaciebis Semdeg, qvejgufebis namuSevrebis safuZvelze,

moswavleebma unda SeimuSaon erToblivi gegma – `Cveni jansaRi
skola~.

erToblivi gegmis SemuSavebisas mniSvnelovania imis gaTvaliswi-
neba, rom wesebis dacva da RonisZiebebSi monawileoba Tanabrad
exeba yvelas – moswavleebs, maswavleblebs, mSoblebs.
aqtivoba 12. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi
mizani: aqtivoba moswavleebs saSualebas aZlevs, gaigon:

1. ras niSnavs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba; 2. ra saerTo da ganmasx-
vavebeli niSnebi aqvT narkotikebsa da fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebs.
resursebi: dafa, carci, sqema
msvleloba:
1. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis gansazRvra.
maswavlebeli mimarTavs moswavleebs:
158
`rogor fiqrobT, ra SemTxvevaSi amboben, rom esa Tu is nivTie-
reba fsiqoaqtiuria?~
maswavlebeli saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs, gamoTqvan azri da

Semdeg uxsnis, rom nivTiereba, romelsac SeuZlia Secvalos fsi-
qikuri mdgomareoba, aris fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba.
Cveni fsiqikuri mdgomareoba xSirad icvleba – xan mSvidad varT,

xan aRelvebuli, agznebuli; xan uxalisod varT, xan energiiT sav-
se da xalisiani; xan sevdiani varT, xan ki Zalian karg xasiaTze;
xan gabrazebuli varT, xan Zalian mzrunveli da alersiani. kidev
uamravi magaliTis moyvana SeiZleba. Cveni fsiqikuri mdgomareo-
bis cvlilebas ganapirobebs yvelaferi, rac xdeba Cvens cxovre-
baSi. es SeiZleba iyos Zalian mniSvnelovani movlena, an, erTi
SexedviT, umniSvnelo ram.
fsiqikuri mdgomareobis Secvla zogierT nivTierebasac SeuZlia.

es nivTierebebi SeiZleba iyos mcenareuli warmoSobis an qimiur
laboratoriebSi xelovnurad Seqmnili, magram yvelas erTi saer-
To Tviseba aqvs – isini cvlian centralur nervul sistemaSi,
kerZod, Tavis tvinSi mimdinare procesebs da, Sesabamisad, ic-
vleba fsiqikuri mdgomareobac. centralur nervul sistemaze
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis zemoqmedeba gansxvavebulia – mas-
timulirebeli, amgznebi, damamSvidebeli, Zilis momgvreli, ha-
lucinaciebis gamomwvevi da sxva. Sesabamisad, icvleba adamianis
cnobierebis mdgomareoba, grZnobebi, aRqma.
2. legaluri da aralegaluri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi.
maswavlebeli sTxovs moswavleebs, daasaxelon, romeli fsiqoaq-

tiuri nivTierebebi axsendebaT da yvela dasaxelebul fsiqoaq-
tiur nivTierebas wers dafaze or svetad: erT svetSi Camowers
legalur nivTierebebs da meoreSi - aralegalur nivTierebebs,
magram ar ambobs, ra niSniT yofs nivTierebebs or jgufad.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs mimarTavs kiTxviT:
`Tqveni azriT, riT gansxvavdeba nivTierebaTa es ori jgufi?~
maswavlebeli aZlevs saSualebas moswavleebs, gamoTqvan azri da

exmareba jgufs, mividnen swor pasuxamde: nivTierebebi, romelTa
moxmareba kanoniT akrZalulia da nivTierebebi, romelTa moxma-
159
reba ar aris akrZaluli kanoniT. da mxolod amis Semdeg asaTau-
rebs dafaze Camoweril nivTierebaTa CamonaTvals. CamonaTvali
SeiZleba gamoiyurebodes Semdegnairad:
legaluri fsiqoaqtiuri aralegaluri fsiqoaqtiuri

nivTierebebi nivTierebebi
→ alkoholi (ludi, → heroini;

Rvino, arayi); → opiumi;
→ nikotini (Tambaqo); → kokaini;
→ kofeini (yava, Cai); → kanabisi (marixuana, haSiSi,
→ fsiqotropuli plani, managua);
medikamentebi → èqstazi~;
(damamSvidebeli da → `bio~;
saZile saSualebebi). → LSD.
rekomendacia: aralegaluri narkotikebis da fsiqotropuli me-

dikamentebis CamonaTvalSi SeitaneT mxolod is nivTierebebi,
rasac daasaxeleben moswavleebi.
Semdeg maswavlebeli ganmartavs, ras niSnavs legaluri da arale-

galuri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba:
`kanoni ganasxvavebs legalur (nebadarTul) da aralegalur (akr-

Zalul) fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebs
legaluria nivTierebebi, romelTa SeZena, moxmareba, Senaxva, gayid-

va kanoniT nebadarTulia. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba alkoholi, Tam-
baqo, kofeinis Semcveli sasmelebi da zogierTi medikamenti.
legaluri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis SemTxvevaSic arsebobs

garkveuli SezRudvebi, vinaidan maTi ukontrolo moxmreba gark-
veul safrTxes Seicavs.
magaliTad, Cven vaxseneT medikamentebi – saWiroebis SemTxveva-

Si fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba samkurnalo zegavlenas axdens cen-
tralur nervul sistemaze. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi, romle-
bic samkurnalod gamoiyeneba, cnobilia fsiqotropuli medika-
mentebis saxelwodebiT.
wamlebi, romlebsac eqimi uniSnavs avadmyofs, legaluria. es

wamlebi kanonieria, radgan eqims aqvs kompetencia da kanoniT mi-
160
niWebuli ufleba, gadawyvitos, ra wamali unda miiRos adamianma.
aucilebelia, adamianma Seasrulos eqimis miTiTeba – ramdenjer
da ra raodenobiT unda miiRos wamali.
wamlebis miReba usafrTxoa, roca icaven eqimis miTiTebebs, ma-

gram Tu es miTiTebebi ar sruldeba, an adamiani moixmars wamals
ara samkurnalod (arasamedicino daniSnulebiT), es Zalian saxi-
faToa, radgan SeiZleba avnos organizms an gamoiwvios sikvdili.
aseve, alkoholuri sasmelebic legaluria, magram kanonis darR-

vevaa mTvral mdgomareobaSi manqanis marTva, radgan izrdeba av-
toavariis albaToba. aseve kanoniT ikrZaleba garkveul asakamde
alkoholuri sasmelebis SeZena.
aSS-Si axalgazrdas mxolod 21 wlidan aqvs ludis an sxva alko-

holuri sasmlis SeZenis ufleba. axalgazrda valdebulia, warad-
ginos piradobis mowmoba imis dasadastureblad, rom namdvilad
21 wlisaa.
SvedeTSi ludis SesaZenad saWiro minimaluri asakia 18 weli,

xolo magari sasmelebisTvis – 20 weli.
germaniaSi Rvinisa da ludis SeZena SeuZliaT 16 wlidan, xolo

magari sasmelebis – 18 wlidan.
saqarTveloSic arsebobs kanoniT asakobrivi SezRudva alkoho-

luri sasmelebis SeZenaze – 18 wlamde axalgazrdas ar unda mih-
yidon alkoholis Semcveli sasmeli.
aralegaluria fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba, romlis moxmareba, Senax-

va da gavrceleba kanoniT isjeba. aralegalur fsiqoaqtiur niv-
Tierebebs miekuTvneba narkotikebi – heroini, kokaini, marixuana
da sxva.
narkotikis qveS igulisxmeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba, romelic

fsiqikaze misi gansakuTrebuli efeqtebis gamo gamoiyeneba ara-
samedicino mizniT, aqvs unari, gamoiwvios miCveva da damokide-
buleba. magram es Tvisebebi ar aris sakmarisi saimisod, rom fsi-
qoaqtiur saSualebas oficialurad mieniWos narkotikuli saSua-
lebis statusi: Tu fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis arasamedicino mox-
mareba mosaxleobaSi farTod gavrcelda, Sesabamisi instanciebi
oficialurad CarTaven mas narkotikuli saSualebebis nusxaSi.
161
ase rom, samarTlebrivad esa Tu is fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba
narkotikul saSualebad CaiTvleba mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
is daakmayofilebs erTdroulad sam kriteriums: samedicinos –
centralur nervul sistemaze nivTierebis gansakuTrebuli ze-
moqmedeba ganapirobebs mis arasamedicino mizniT gamoyenebas;
socialurs – arasamedicino gamoyeneba farTod vrceldeba da
socialur mniSvnelobas iZens; iuridiuls – am nivTierebas ofi-
cialurad miakuTvneben kontrols daqvemdebarebul nivTiereba-
Ta jgufs.
yvela fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba ar aris narkotiki, magram yvela

narkotiki fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebaa.~
Semdeg maswavlebeli sqemis daxmarebiT akeTebs Sejamebas: `yvela

fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba, miuxedavad imisa, legaluria Tu ara-
legaluri, mcenareulia Tu sinTezuri, gamoiyeneba samkurnalod
Tu ara, iwvevs miCvevas da damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas.
rogorc legaluri, aseve aralegaluri nivTierebebis moxmare-

bis SemTxvevaSi Tavs iCens somaturi da fsiqikuri janmrTelo-
bis problemebi, xSiria ubeduri SemTxvevebi. aralegaluri fsi-
qoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi am problemebs
emateba aralegaluri nivTierebebis SeZenisa da moxmarebisTvis
kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sasjeli.~
162
aqtivoba 13. alternatiuli reklama
mizani: reklamis kritikulad Sefasebis unaris gamomu-

Saveba.
resursebi: furclebi da feradi fanqrebi, webovani lenti.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli mimarTavs moswavleebs: `gaixse-

neT alkoholuri sasmelebis, sigaretis, wamlebis reklama. yvela
maTgani raRac momxibvlels, mimzidvels gvatyobinebs am produ-
qtebis Sesaxeb, radgan reklamas erTi mizani aqvs – rac SeiZleba
meti raodenobiT gaiyidos esa Tu is nawarmi.
modiT, moifiqreT romelime sasmlis, sigaretis an wamlis iseTi

`reklama~, romelic simarTles ambobs am produqtis Sesaxeb. ma-
galiTad:
→ alkoholma SeiZleba Rebineba gamoiwvios;
→ alkoholi xSirad saavtomobilo katastrofis mi-

zezia;
→ Tambaqo xels uwyobs filtvis kibos gaCenas;
→ Tu ar daicavT miRebis wess, wamali sawamlavad iqceva.
maswavlebeli yofs jgufs sam qvejgufad da aZlevs instruqcias:
`daxateT iseTi etiketi sasmlis boTlis, sigaretis an wamlis ko-

lofisTvis, romelic Seicavs gafrTxilebas – ra SeiZleba mohyves
am produqtis miRebas. etiketebze SesaZloa iyos mxolod warwe-
ra, mxolod naxati an naxati warweriT~.
163
erTi qvejgufis wevrebi xataven etiketebs alkoholuri sasme-
lebisTvis, meore qvejgufis wevrebi – sigaretis kolofisTvis,
xolo mesame qvejgufis wevrebi – wamlis kolofebisTvis.
maswavlebeli moswavleebs aZlevs samuSaod 15-20 wuTs. drois

amowurvis Semdeg moswavleebi webovani lentiT akraven naxatebs
kedlebze – erT kedelze alkoholuri sasmelebis etiketebs, meo-
re kedelze – Tambaqos kolofis etiketebs, xolo mesame kedelze
– wamlis kolofis etiketebs.
maswavlebeli mimoixilavs TiToeuli jgufis namuSevrebs da awv-

dis mokle Semajamebel informacias.

alkoholi
alkoholi, igive eTanoli, anu eTilis spirti, centraluri ner-
vuli sistemis depresantia, rac imas niSnavs, rom centralur
nervul sistemaze damTrgunvelad moqmedebs. alkohols Seicavs
ludi, Rvino, spirtiani sasmelebi.
alkoholis standartuli raodenoba
alkoholi Cveni tradiciebisa da kulturis Semadgeneli nawilia

da zomierad moxmarebis SemTxvevaSi safrTxes ar warmoadgens,
164
magram Warbi raodenobiT alkoholis moxmareba seriozul pro-
blemebs qmnis.
alkoholis zemoqmedeba gansxvavebulia imis mixedviT, ramdens

svams adamiani, ra sixSiriT, ra asakisaa, rogoria misi janmrTelo-
bis mdgomareoba.
alkoholi aqveiTebs mxedvelobis simaxviles, yuradRebas, moZraobis

koordinacias, cvlis gemovnebiT, ynosviT da smeniT SegrZnebebs.
alkoholis didi raodenobiT miReba iwvevs araadekvatur qcevas,

TavSeukaveblobas, mexsierebidan calkeuli epizodebis amovard-
nas. qveiTdeba sakuTari SesaZleblobebis kritikuli Sefasebisa
da swori gadawyvetilebis miRebis unari; adamians ewyeba gulis-
reva, Rebineba, Tavbrusxveva, moZraobis koordinaciis darRveva;
anelebs reaqciis dros; SesaZlebelia gamoiwvios sunTqvis gaZne-
leba, koma da sikvdilic ki.
alkoholis moxmarebas xSirad ukavSirdeba avtokatastrofebi da

sxva ubeduri SemTxvevebi, Zaladoba, mkvleloba.
165
alkoholi gansakuTrebiT saSiSia mozardebisTvis, radgan mo-
zards sxeulis wona naklebi aqvs, ufro male Tvreba da misi or-
ganizmi da tvini ufro advilad ziandeba.
bavSvebisTvis alkoholuri mowamvla, SesaZloa, sasikvdilo aR-

moCndes, an gamoiwvios Tavis tvinis mZime dazianeba. rac ufro
axalgazrda asakSi iwyeba alkoholis miReba, miT ufro swrafad
viTardeba miCveva. mozardisTvis dReSi 2-3 boTli ludis regula-
ruli miReba alkoholizmis winapirobaa.
Tambaqo
Tambaqos boli Seicavs asamde sxvadasxva nivTierebas. maT Soris

ZiriTadia nikotini, kupri, naxSirJangi (mxuTavi airi). nikotini
iwvevs yelis lorwovani garsis gaRizianebas, guliscemis gaxSi-
rebas, sisxlZarRvebis Seviwroebas, arteriuli wnevis momatebas;
naxSirJangi aqveiTebs hemoglobinis mier Jangbadis gadatanis
unars, Sedegad ziandeba guli da Tavis tvini; kupri seriozul
zians ayenebs filtvebs da mTel sasunTq sistemas; organizmSi
xvdeba kancerogenuli (kibos gamomwvevi) nivTierebebi.
amasTan, Tambaqo iwvevs tuCebis, enis, sasis, xaxis lorwovani gar-

sis dazianebas, ris gamoc icvleba gemos SegrZneba. mwevelebis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebelia mSrali xvela, usiamovno suni piridan,
piris Rrus infeqciebi; saxeze naoWebis gaCena, kbilebis gayviT-
leba, fizikuri aqtivobisas sunTqvis gaZneleba da gamZleobis
daqveiTeba; qveiTdeba daavadebebis mimarT organizmis winaaRmde-
gobis unari.
nikotins organizmi Zalian swrafad eCveva. Tuki mweveli adamiani

Sewyvets mowevas, uviTardeba `nikotinuri SimSili~ Tavbrusxve-
viT, sisustiT, gaRizianebadobiT.
Tambaqos xanrgZlivma moxmarebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios filtvebis,

piris Rrus, xorxis, saylapavis, kuWqveSa jirkvlis simsivne; gu-
lis kunTis infarqti; kuWis da Tormetgoja nawlavis wyluli;
sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebi.
magram zogierTi mweveli xom sakmaod didxans cocxlobs?
warmovidginoT, rom adamianebis jgufi danaRmul velze midis.
166
erTi iRupeba mexuTe nabijze, meore – oci nabijis gadadgmis Sem-
deg, mesame – maSin, roca naxevari gza ukve gavlili aqvs... magram
viRac SeiZleba cocxali da uvnebeli gadarCes. xom ar SeiZleba
amis safuZvelze vamtkicoT, rom danaRmul velze seirnoba usa-
frTxoa?
damokidebulebis gamomwvevi nivTierebebis moxmarebisas adamiane-

bi Tavs mravali saSiSroebis winaSe ayeneben, ase rom, sicocxlis
Semcirebis riski absoluturad realuria.
medikamentebi
nebismier wamals, miuxedavad imisa, receptiT iyideba Tu urecep-

tod, aqvs Tavisi daniSnuleba da gverdiTi movlenebi. wamlis ze-
moqmedebas ganapirobebs ara mxolod am wamlis Tvisebebi, aramed
organizmis Taviseburebebi. amitom, yvela SemTxvevaSi, umjobesia
wamlis miReba winaswari gamokvlevebis da eqimis konsultaciis
Semdeg daviwyoT.
arsebobs wamlebi, romelTa miReba eqimis daniSnulebis gareSe

gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa. amitom akrZalulia maTi gayidva re-
ceptis gareSe. aseTi wamlebis kategorias miekuTvneba damamSvi-
debeli da saZile preparatebi.
saZile da damamSvidebeli saSualebebis samkurnalo doziT miReba

amcirebs emociur daZabulobas, gaRizianebadobas, mousvenrobas,
SfoTvas, aadvileben CaZinebis process, magram maTi xangrZlivi
droiT miReba iwvevs miCvevas da damokidebulebas.
saZile da damamSvidebeli saSualebebze damokidebuleba SeiZle-

ba ganviTardes, Tu:
→ pacienti eqimis mier gansazRvruli kursis dasrule-
bis Semdeg, TviTneburad agrZelebs wamlis miRebas;
→ adamiani iwyebs TviTmkurnalobas eqimis daniSnule-
bis gareSe – reklamis an nacnobebis rCeviT.
preparatebis TviTneburad moxmarebis garkveul etapze Cveuli

dozis miReba aRar iZleva sasurvel efeqts da es aiZulebs ada-
mians, swrafad gazardos preparatis doza.
167
saZile da damamSvidebeli saSualebebis xangrZlivi moxmareba iw-
vevs Sromis unaris daqveiTebas, uZilobas, kuWis Sekrulobas, de-
presias; xSirdeba TviTmkvlelobaze fiqri da suicidis mcdelo-
bebi; damaxasiaTebelia asakTan Seusabamo, xandazmuli garegnoba,
sxvadasxva organoebisa da sistemebis funqciis darRveva. adamia-
ni tovebs mZime avadmyofis STabeWdilebas. yalibdeba miCveva da
damokidebuleba.
aqtivoba 14. cxovrebis jansaRi wesi
mizani: cxovrebis jansaRi wesis cnebis gansazRvra.
resursebi: baraTebi, kalmistrebi, dafa, carci an markerebi.
msvleloba: maswavlebeli dafaze wers Teziss – `cxovre-

bis jansaRi wesi~ – da sTxovs moswavleebs, qaRaldis furclebze
daweron sam-sami sityva, romlebic gaaxsendebaT cxovrebis jan-
saR wesTan dakavSirebiT.
amis Semdeg klasi iyofa 5-6-kacian jgufebad. jgufis wevrebi

erTmaneTs acnoben maT mier daweril sityvebs da am sityvebis
safuZvelze TiToeuli jgufi wers `cxovrebis jansaRi wesis~ er-
Tobliv gansazRvrebas.
Semdeg TiToeuli jgufis warmomadgeneli dafaze wers misi jgu-

fis mier SemuSavebul gansazRvrebas da ganmartavs, ras gulisxm-
obs maTi jgufis azriT `cxovrebis jansaRi wesi~.
mas Semdeg, roca yvela ganmarteba daiwereba dafaze, imarTeba

diskusia da Camowerili gansazRvrebebis safuZvelze klasi qmnis
168
cxovrebis jansaRi wesis saerTo ganmartebas. diskusiaSi monawile-
obs maswavlebelic da, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi, Seaqvs koreqtivebi.
maswavlebeli ajamebs diskusias da awvdis klass mokle informa-

cias cxovrebis jansaRi wesis gansazRvrebasTan dakavSirebiT:
`dReisaTvis ar arsebobs cxovrebis jansaRi wesis erTiani, sayo-

velTaod miRebuli gansazRvreba. Zalian martivad rom vTqvaT,
cxovrebis jansaRi wesi aris cxovrebiseuli pozicia, qceva da saq-
mianoba, romelic xels uwyobs janmrTelobis ganmtkicebas.
janmrTelobis msoflio organizaciis ganmartebiT, janmrTelo-

ba aris ara mxolod daavadebebis ararseboba, aramed fizikuri, fsi-
qikuri da socialuri keTildReoba. am ganmartebis gaTvaliswine-
biT, cxovrebis jansaRi wesi gulisxmobs ufro mets, vidre sxeu-
lis sijansaReze zrunvas da SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoyalibdes:
cxovrebis jansaRi wesi aris gonivruli qcevis sistema, romelic

dafuZnebulia eTikur-religiur da erovnul tradiciebze da
uzrunvelyofs adamianis fizikur, fsiqikur da socialur keTil-
dReobas realur garemoSi. gonivruli qceva gulisxmobs zomiere-
bas yvelaferSi, fizikur aqtivobas, gakaJebas, swor kvebas, cxovre-
bis racionalur reJims, mavne Cvevebis arqonas.~
rekomendacia: Tu amis SesaZlebloba arsebobs, sasurvelia, gakeTdes

slaidebi ganmartebebis sademonstraciod.
axali gansazRvrebis gacnobis Semdeg SesaZlebelia gaimarTos

msjeloba Semdeg sakiTxebze:
• ra upiratesoba aqvs cxovrebis jansaR wess?

• ra gviSlis xels, rom jansaRad vicxovroT?
aqtivoba 15. aramwevelTa qalaqis ruka
mizani: 1. organizmsa da garemoze Tambaqos mavne zemoq-

medebis gacnobiereba; 2. gunduri muSaobis unaris gavarjiSeba.
169
resursebi: didi formatis qaRaldis ori furceli, fe-

radi flomasterebi
msvleloba: klasi iyofa or jgufad. maswavlebeli Ti-

Toeul jgufs aZlevs didi formatis erT qaRalds, flomaste-
rebs da davalebas.
`dRes Cven davxatavT ori qalaqis gegmas. TiToeul jgufSi Se-

TanxmdiT, rogor gainawilebT qalaqs da vin ra nawils daxatavs.
yvela xatavs erTdroulad. imuSaveT SeTanxmebulad da yvelam
miiReT monawileoba.
jgufi 1: warmoidgineT qalaqi, sadac aravin ar eweva. SeadgineT àra-

mwevelTa qalaqis~ warmosaxviTi gegma, moifiqreT quCebisa da moed-
nebis, sxvadasxva obieqtebis saxelebi, romlebic imaze mianiSnebs,
rom es aris aramwevelTa qalaqi. ecadeT, naxatSi Candes, rogori
garemo da atmosferoa am qalaSi. SeqmeniT legenda am qalaqze.
jgufi 2: warmoidgineT qalaqi, sadac yvela eweveva – qali da

kaci, didi da patara. SeadgineT warmosaxviTi `mwevelTa qalaqis~
gegma, moifiqreT quCebisa da moednebis, sxvadasxva obieqtebis
saxelebi, saidanac Cans, rom am qalaqis yvela mosaxlis cxovre-
baSi Tambaqos mniSvnelovani adgili ukavia. gamoxateT am qalaqSi
arsebuli garemo da atmosfero. SeqmeniT legenda am qalaqze.~
muSaobis procesSi maswavlebeli Tvalyurs adevnebs moswavleebs,

rom yvela CarTuli iyos xatvis procesSi.
15 wuTis Semdeg moswavleebi waradgenen TavianT namuSevars.
TiToeuli namuSevris wardgenis Semdeg maswavlebeli aZlevs

saSualebas moswavleebs, gamoTqvan azri da Semdeg awvdis mokle
informacias Tambaqos zegavlenis Sesaxeb adamianis organizmze.
170

Tambaqo
mweveli, romelic SeisunTqavs Tambaqos bols, ar fiqrobs imaze,

Tu ra zegavlenas axdens TiToeuli SesunTqva mis organizmze.
pirvel rigSi, damazianebel zegavlenas axdens Tambaqos bolis
temperatura, romelic haeris temperaturaze 40-50°С-iT maRa-
lia. temperaturis mkveTri cvlilebis Sedegad kbilis minanqari
ziandeba. masze Cndeba mikroskopuli bzarebi, romlebic erTgva-
ri substratia sxvadasxva mikroorganizmebisTvis. amitom mweve-
lebs ufro adre ufuWdebaT kbilebi. kbilis minanqarze ileqeba
Tambaqos kvamlSi Semavali kupri, ris gamoc kbilebi yviTldeba
da mwevel adamians piris RruSi specifikuri usiamovno suni aqvs.
kvamlis temperatura pirisa da cxvir-xaxis lorwovansac aRizia-
nebs da iwvevs RrZilebis anTebas.
Tambaqos bolSi Semavali qimiuri nivTierebebi nerwyvTan erTad
xvdeba kuWSi da aRizianebs kuWis lorwovan garss, rac iwvevs
kuWis tkivils, faRaraTis da yabzobis monacvleobas. mweveleb-
Si bevrad xSiria qronikuli gastriti (kuWis lorwovani garsis
anTeba), kuWisa da Tormetgoja nawlavis wyluli, vidre aramwe-
velebSi.
Tambaqos mwevelebs, rogorc wesi, aqvT bronqiti (bronqebis an-

Teba). amis gamovlinebaa dilis xvela da moyavisfro nacrisferi
naxveli.
kvamliT xmis iogebis sistematuri gaRizianeba iwvevs xmis tem-
bris Secvlas. xma xdeba boxi da xrinwiani.
mwevelebs saxis kani naadrevad Sreba da naoWdeba.

mwevelis sisxli JangabadiT gamdidrebis nacvlad itvirTeba mxu-
Tavi airiT. ujredebi ver iReben Jangbads sakmarisi raodenobiT.
amis gamo gansakuTrebuli ziani adgeba nervul ujredebs, rac,
sabolood, xels uSlis nervuli sistemis normalur funqcioni-
rebas.
171
Tambaqos moxmarebis xanmokle Sedegebi (Tavs iCens mowevis pro-
cesSi da uSualod mowevis Semdeg):
→ guliscemis aCqareba;
→ arteriuli wnevis momateba;
→ yelis lorwovani garsis gaRizianeba;
→ mxuTavi airi xvdeba sisxlSi;
→ filtvebSi xvdeba kancerogenuli (kibos gamomwvevi) niv-
Tierebebi;
→ Tvalis lorwovani garsis gaRizianeba;
→ haeris dabinZureba.
sistematuri moxmarebis Sedegebi:

→ tuCebis, enis, sasis, xaxis lorwovani garsis dazianeba, ris
gamoc icvleba gemos SegrZneba;
→ mSrali xvela, usiamovno suni piridan, piris Rrus infeq-
ciebi;
→ ynosvis daqveiTeba;
→ saxeze naoWebis gaCena;
→ kbilebis gayviTleba;
→ sunTqvis darRveva;
→ advilad daRla;
→ daavadebebis mimarT organizmis winaaRmdegobis unaris da-
qveiTeba.
Tambaqos xanrgZlivma moxmarebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios:

→ filtvebis, piris Rrus, xorxis, saylapavis, kuWqveSa jir-
kvlis simsivne;
→ gulis kunTis infarqti (sisxlis momaragebis Sewyvetis
Segdegad qsovilSi mkvdari keris warmoqmna);
→ kuWis da Tormetgoja nawlavis wyluli;
→ sisxlis mimoqcevis sistemis daavadebebi, insulti (tvinSi
sisxlis mimoqcevis mwvave darRveva);
→ filtvis emfizema (filtvis moculobis avadmyofuri gadi-
deba);
→ qronikuli bronqiti.
172
aqtivoba 16. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis zegavlena

adamianis cxovrebaze
mizani: aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs moswavleebs: 1. mii-

Ron informacia fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedege-
bze; 2. gaacnobieron, rom fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba
uaryofiT gavlenas axdens adamianis cxovrebis yvela sferoze.
resursebi: didi formatis qaRaldis sami furceli, mar-

kerebi.
173
msvleloba: maswavlebeli akravs sxvadasxva kedelze

didi formatis 3 qaRalds da TiToeulze akeTebs TiTo warweras:
`sxeuli~, `fsiqika~, `cxovreba~.
maswavlebeli yofs moswavleebs sam jgufad, sTxovs, rom TiTo

jgufi dadges kedlebze gakrul sxvadasxva qaRaldTan da uxsnis
aqtivobis mimdinareobas:
`dRes ganvixilavT fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sede-

gebs. jgufi, romelic dgas warwerasTan `sxeuli~, Camowers, ra
zians ayenebs organizms fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba.
es iqneba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis samedicino Se-
degebi.
jgufi, romelic dgas warwerasTan `fsiqika~, Camowers, ra zians

ayenebs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba adamianis fsiqikas.
es aris fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis fsiqologiuri
Sedegebi.
jgufi, romelic dgas warwerasTan `cxovreba~, Camowers, rogor

icvleba adamianis cxovreba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxma-
rebis Sedegad. aq igulisxmeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis mox-
marebis socialuri Sedegebi.
amisaTvis geZlevaT sami wuTi. me daviniSnav dros da sami wuTis

Semdeg ganiSnebT, rom gadainacvloT saaTis isris mimarTule-
biT – jgufi, romelic muSaobda warwerasTan `sxeuli~, gadava
warwerasTan `fsiqika~. jgufi, romelic muSaobda warwerasTan
`fsiqika~, gadava warwerasTan `cxovreba~. xolo jgufi, romelic
muSaobda warwerasTan `cxovreba~, gadava warwerasTan `sxeuli~.
gaecaniT wina jgufis mier Camoweril Sedegebs da SeavseT Camo-
naTvali. sami wuTis Semdeg kidev erTxel moxdeba gadaadgileba
saaTis isris mimarTulebiT da CamonaTvalis Sevseba TiToeul
qaRaldze. amgvarad, yvelas geqnebaT saSualeba daafiqsiroT Tq-
veni mosazreba yvela sakiTxze~.
mas Semdeg, rac jgufebi daasruleben muSaobas, maswavlebeli

ajamebs moswavleebis muSaobis Sedegebs, Seaqvs koreqtivebi, awv-
dis damatebiT informacias.
174

fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedegebi
yvela fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba zemoqmedebs centralur nervul

sistemaze da cvlis Tavis tvinSi mimdinare procesebs – zogi
mastimulirebel zegavlenas axdens, zogi Trgunavs cns-is aq-
tivobas, zogic cvlis aRqmas. centraluri nervulis sistemis
funqcionirebis xelovnuri Secvla yovel jerze garkveul kvals
tovebs da TandaTan azianebs mas.
kanabisis preparatebi (marixuana, plani, haSiSi, managua) arRveven

tvinSi mimdinare procesebs, aRweven nervuli ujredebis im stru-
qturaSi, romelic emsaxureba informaciis gadacemas da iwveven
mis dezorganizacias. roca kanabisis zemoqmedeba gaivlis, tvini
ubrundeba normalur mdgomareobas, magram ara mTeli sisruliT.
rCeba Znelad SesamCnevi cvlilebebi, romlebic kanabisis yoveli
miRebis Semdeg matulobs da TandaTan adamiani xdeba dune, pasiu-
ri, nela azrovnebs, Riziandeba umniSvnelo mizezebis gamo.
opiumis jgufis narkotikebi (morfini, heroini, meTadoni da sxva)

Trgunavs sunTqvis centrs Tavis tvinSi. amitom nebismieri, Tun-
dac mcire zedozireba iwvevs sunTvis darRvevas da tvini aRar
maragdeba Jangbadis saWiro raodenobiT. Sedegad, xdeba tvinis
ujredebis TandaTanobiTi da Seuqcevadi gadagvareba. Tavis tvi-
nis qerqis atrofia iwvevs inteleqtis daqveiTebas da emociuri
sferos rRvevas. narkotikebis xangrZlivi moxmareba iwvevs fsi-
qozebs – bodviT azrovnebas, halucinaciebs, Rrma depresias.
tvini mniSvnelovnad ziandeba alkoholiT yoveli daTrobis

dros. magram Tu es iSviaTad xdeba, tvini met-naklebad umklav-
deba am problemas. alkoholis regularuli miRebis SemTxvevaSi
ki, TandaTan uaresdeba tvinis funqcionireba – qveiTdeba mexsie-
reba, azrovneba da bolos, mTavrdeba WkuasustobiT, rasac alko-
holuri demencia ewodeba.
alkoholi uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens TiTqmis yvela Sinagan

organoze. misi xSiri miRebqa iwvevs kuWisa da Tormetgoja nawla-
vis wyluls, gastrits, hipertonias, azianebs RviZls, guls, Tir-
kmlebs.
175
yvela fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba narkotikebisa da maTi minareve-
bis gadamuSaveba ZiriTadad RviZlSi xdeba. alkoholi, narkoti-
kebi da maTi minarevebi azianebs RviZlis ujredebs. garda amisa,
sisxlSi maTi mudmivad arseboba aiZulebs RviZls, zedmeti da-
tvirTviT imuSaos. RviZlis ujredebi TandaTan ziandeba da iwye-
ba anTebiTi procesi – toqsikuri hepatiti.
narkotikebis ineqciuri moxmarebisas izrdeba virusuli hepati-

tiT (B, C) da aiv-iT dainficirebis riski. es virusebi sisxlis gziT
gadecema da vinaidan narkotikebis momxmareblebi xSirad iyeneben
saziaro Spricebsa da nemsebs, maT Soris swrafad vrceldeba es
infeqciuri daavadebebi.
alkoholisa da narkotikebis xangrZlivi moxmarebis Sedegad vi-

Tardeba RviZlis cirozi - RviZlis calkeuli ubnebi kvdeba da
maT adgils ikavebs SemaerTebeli qsovili. RviZli mkvrivdeba, ve-
Rar asrulebs Tavis funqcias da dauSleli toqsinebi sisxlis
meSveobiT Tavis tvinSic xvdeba. Tu dazianebuli RviZlis mqone
adamiani ar Sewyvets alkoholisa da narkotikebis miRebas, vi-
Tardeba RviZlismieri koma - ukiduresad mZime, sococxlisaTvis
saSiSi mdgomareoba.
janmrTeli RviZli gamoimuSavebs cilebs, romlebic organizmis

imunuri sistemis saSen masalas warmoadgens. RviZlis ujredebis
gadagvarebis Sedegad am cilebis gamomuSaveba mkveTrad mcirdeba
da qveiTdeba imuniteti.
daqveiTebuli imunitetis mqone organizmi veRar ebrZvis in-

feqciebs. narkotikebis momxmareblebi ki xSirad arasterilur
Spricebs iyeneben, ar imuSaveben Cxvletis adgils antiseptikuri
saSualebebiT, TviTon narkotikis xsnaric iSviaTad aris steri-
luri. amitom narkotikis ineqciisas uamravi baqteria xvdeba or-
ganizmSi, rac iwvevs sxvadasxva anTebiT da Cirqovan garTulebas,
rogoric aris:
Tromboflebiti – anTebiTi procesi venaSi.
nemsis Cxvletis adgilas, venis kedelze sisxlis ujredebidan

warmoiqmneba Trombi, sdac xvdeba mikrobebi. TrombSi ki sauke-
Teso pirobebia mikrobebis gasamravleblad – siTbo da sakvebi.
iwyeba anTebiTi procesi. aseT venaSi sisxlis gamtaroba klebu-
lobs da amitom kiduri SeSupebuli, gawiTlebuli da gaxurebu-
176
lia. tkivili da siwiTle vrceldeba venis gaswvriv. Tu drouli
mkurnaloba ar Catarda, infeqcia vrceldeba sisxlZarRvebSi da
viTardeba sefsisi.
abscesi - Semofargluli Cirqgrova.
kanqveS moxvedrili baqteriebi swrafad mravldeba kanqveSa cxi-

movani ujredebis xarjze. Sedegad Cndeba CirqiT save parki.
garegnulad abscesi warmoadgens gawiTlebul, Sesiebul, mt-

kivneul kanis ubans nanemsaris adgilas. Tu parki gaskda da Cirqi
moxvda Rrmad mdebare qsovilebSi, viTardeba flegmona, xolo
sisxlZarRvSi Cirqis moxvedra iwvevs sefsiss.
flegmona - Cirqgrova, romelic ar aris Semofargluli da did

farTobze vrceldeba. gargnulad abscesis msgavsia, oRond kidu-
ris did nawils moicavs. felgmonam SeiZleba gamoiwvios axlom-
debare sisxlZarRvebis, nervebisa da Zvlebis Cirqovani dazianeba.
sefsisi (sisxlis mowamvla) - mZime infeqciuri daavadebaa, rome-

lic avadmyofis aucilebel hospitalizacias saWiroebs. sefsisis
niSnebia Zlieri sisuste, maRali temperatura - 39,5 C da zeviT,
oflianoba. sefsisi SeiZleba gamoiwvios nebismierma, erTi Sexed-
viT umniSvnelo Cirqgrovam an anTebam.
alkoholis sistematuri moxmareba arRvevs nivTierebaTa cvlas.

sisixlZarRvebis kedlebze grovdeba qolesterini da kalciumis
marilebi. Sedegad sisxlZarRvebis kedlebi sqeldeba, kargavs
elastiurobas, viwrovdeba sisxlZarRvebis sanaTuri da matul-
obs sisxlis wneva. yovelive amis Sedegad swrafad viTardeba aTe-
rosklerozi da hipertonia, rac gulis infarqtis an insultis
mizezi xdeba.
filtvebs yvelaze metad is preparatebi azianebs, romlebic

sasunTqi gzebiT xvdeba organizmSi. am saxis narkotikebis momxma-
reblebs xSirad emarTebaT filtvebis anTeba, rac zogjer mTavr-
deba pnevmoskleroziT. am dros filtvis qsovils cvlis nawibu-
rebi, romlebic veRaR asrulebs Tavis funqcias.
narkotikebis momxmareblebi, daqveiTebuli imunitetis gamo, xSi-

rad avaddebian tuberkuloziT.
177
narkotikebi arRvevs kalciumis cvlas organizmSi. kalciumi ki
Zvlovani qsovilis imniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilia. amitom
adamianis Zvlebi advilad msxvrevadi xdeba, xolo kbilebi naa-
drevad iSleba.
narkotikebisa da alkoholis miReba orsulobis dros iwvevs na-

yofis ganviTarebis Seferxebas, dRenakluli, mcirewoniani da
sxva darRvevebis mqone bavSvis dabadebas.
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis xSiri moxmareba iwvevs miCvevas da

damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas. rac ufro adreul asakSi iwyeba
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmareba, miT ufro swrafad yalib-
deba damokidebuleba.
yvelaze xSirad narkotikebis momxmareblis sicocxles safrTxes

uqmnis zedozireba, anu narkotikis didi doziT gamowveuli mwva-
ve mowamvla.
opiumis jgufis narkotikebis Warbi doza pirdapir Trgunavs

sunTqvis centrs da Tu ar iqna aRmoCenili saswrfo, gadaudebe-
li samedicino daxmareba, adamiani kvdeba. zedozirebisgan aravin
aris dazRveuli, radgan kustarulad damzadebuli narkotikebis
zusti dozis gansazRvra SeuZlebelia – damamzadeblebic da gam-
saReblebic masSi xSirad sxvadasxva minarevebs amateben.
178
zedozireba ar aris dakavSirebuli mxolod narkotikebis miRebis
sixSiresTan. zedozireba SeiZleba mohyves narkotikis erTxel
moxmarebasac ki.
vinaidan narkotikebisa da alkoholis moxmareba cvlis adamianis

fsiqikur mdgomareobas, icvleba qcevac: matulobs agresiulo-
ba da TavSeukavebloba, ris gamoc xSiria konfliqtebi, izrdeba
ubeduri SemTxvevebis albaToba; adamiani xdeba impulsuri, veRar
akontrolebs sakuTar qcevas; izrdeba SemTxveviTi sqesobrivi ka-
vSirebisa da, Sesabamisad, sqesobrivi gziT gadamdebi infeqciebiT
daavadebis, arasasurveli orsulobis safrTxe; swrafi reagire-
bis unaris daqveiTeba, aRqmisa da yuradRebis darRveva xdeba av-
tosagzao SemTxvevebis mizezi.
narkotikebis moxmareba, Senaxva da gavrceleba kanoniT isjeba.
179
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis moxmarebis Sedegebis CamonaTvali:
sxeuli fsiqika cxovreba

• toqsikuri • impulsuroba • konfliqtebi
hepatiti ojaxSi
• gaRizianebadoba
• virusuli • warumatebloba
• agresiuloba
hepatiti(B, C) swavlaSi da
• mexsierebis saqmianobaSi
• aiv infeqcia/Sidsi daqveiTeba
• samsaxuris
• RviZlis cirozi • yuradRebis dakargva
• kuWis wyluli koncentraciis
• problemebi
daqveiTeba
• gastriti urTierTobebSi
• Wkuasustoba
• venebis dazianeba • samegobro wris
• fsiqozi Secvla
• gulis infarqti
• aRqmis darRveva • finansuri
• insulti
• halucinaciebi problemebi
• imunitetis
daqveiTeba • reaqciis drois • ubeduri
gazrda SemTxvevebi
• tuberkulozi
• depresia • kanonis darRveva
• filtvis kibo
• motivaciis • Tavisuflebis
• kbilebis daSla aRveTa
daqveiTeba
• energiis
daqveiTeba
• nayofis dazianeba
• zedozireba
180
danarTi. terminTa ganmarteba
1. narkotikebi
→ fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi
cns (CNS) – centraluri nervuli sistema (Central Nervous System) _

adamianisa da cxovelis nervuli sistemis nawili, romelsac Tavi-
sa da zurgis tvini miekuTvneba.
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiereba (Psychoactive Substance) – bunebrivi an sin-

Tezuri warmoSobis nebismieri nivTiereba, romelic zemoqmede-
bas axdens adamianis centralur nervul sistemaze da iwvevs misi
fsiqikuri mdgomareobis cvlilebas. samedicino poziciebidan,
fsiqoaqtivoba SesaZloa gamoixatos am nivTierebebis centralur
nervul sistemaze (cns) gansakuTrebuli zemoqmedebiT – mastimu-
lirebeli, amgznebi, damamSvidebeli, Zilismomgvreli, halucina-
ciebis gamomwvevi da a. S. efeqtebiT. amgvarad, fsiqoaqtiuri niv-
Tierebebi aris krebiTi saxelwodeba, romelic Seicavs cns-ze spe-
cifikurad moqmed nivTierebaTa did jgufs (narkotikuli saSua-
lebebi, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebi).
saerTaSoriso konvenciebi narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT (Internatio-

nal Drug Conventions) – saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebi, romlebic exeba
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis warmoebasa da gavrcelebas. adreu-
li SeTanxmebebi (briuselis aqti, 1889-90 ww; sen-Jermenis konven-
cia, 1912 w.) akontrolebdnen afrikis kontinentze alkoholuri
sasmelebiT vaWrobas koloniur eraSi. pirveli SeTanxmeba, rome-
lic exeboda saerTaSoriso kontrols daqvemdebarebul fsiqoaq-
tiur nivTierebebs, iyo 1912 wlis haagis konvencia. am konvenciisa
da Semdgomi saerTaSoriso SeTanxmebebis ZiriTadi debulebebis
safuZvelze, Seiqmna gaeros 1961 wlis narkotikul saSualebaTa
Sesaxeb erTiani konvencia (Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961).
mogvianebiT, daemata 1971 wlis konvencia fsiqotropul nivTiere-
baTa Sesaxeb (Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971) da 1988 wlis
konvencia narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTie-
rebebis ukanono brunvis winaaRmdeg (Convention against the Illicit Tra-
ffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988). amJamad moqmedi
es sami konvencia qmnis narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotro-
181
puli nivTierebebis saerTaSoriso kontrolis samarTlebriv ba-
ziss. saqarTveloSi ratificirebulia gaeros samive konvencia.
fsiqotropuli nivTierebebi (Psychotropic Substances) – fsiqoaqtiu-

ri nivTierebebi, romlebic zemoqmedebas axdenen umaRles fsiqi-
kur procesebze da xSirad gamoiyeneba medicinaSi fsiqikuri daa-
vadebebis samkurnalod. Tavdapirvelad, termini `fsiqotropuli
nivTierebebi~, `fsiqotropuli preparatebi~ arsebobda mxolod
wminda profesiuli, anu samedicino da farmakologiuri pozicie-
bidan – es aris samedicino preparatebi, romlebic fsiqikur pro-
cesebze axdenen specifikur Terapiul an profilaqtikur zemo-
qmedebas. 1971 wlidan, fsiqotropuli preparatebis Sesaxeb axali
saerTaSoriso konvenciis miRebis Semdeg, am terminma iuridiuli
elferic SeiZina da, saerTaSoriso kontrolis konteqstSi, fsi-
qotropul nivTierebad miiCneva bunebrivi an sinTezuri warmo-
Sobis nebismieri nivTiereba, romelic Setanilia `fsiqotropul
nivTierebaTa Sesaxeb~ gaeros 1971 wlis konvenciis TandarTul
siebSi.
narkotiki (Drug) – es termini, ZiriTadad, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris

qveynebSi gamoiyeneba. inglisurenovan literaturaSi, terminiT
`narkotiki~ (narcotic) mxolod narkotikul analgetikebs (tkivil-
gamayuCebeli narkotikebi) aRniSnaven.
samedicino TvalsazrisiT, narkotiki aris fsiqoaqtiuri nivTie-

reba, romelic iwvevs miCvevas da damokidebulebis Camoyalibebas
da romlis sistematur moxmarebas Sedegad mohyveba uaryofiTi
samedicino, fsiqologiuri da socialuri Sedegebi. janmrTelo-
bis msoflio organizaciis (World Health Organization, WHO) ganmar-
tebiT, narkotiki aris `qimiuri nivTiereba an nivTierebaTa narevi,
romelic gansxvavdeba adamianis normaluri cxovelmyofelobisa-
Tvis aucilebeli nivTierebebisgan (mag., sakvebi) da romlis miRe-
bac iwvevs organizmis funqcionirebisa da struqturis Secvlas~.
iuridiuli TvalsazrisiT, terminiT `narkotikuli saSualeba~

aRiniSneba bunebrivi an sinTezuri warmoSobis nebismier nivTie-
reba da mcenareuli masala, romelic Setanilia `narkotikuli
saSualebebis Sesaxeb~ gaeros 1961 wlis erTiani konvenciis Tan-
darTul siebSi. termini `narkotikuli saSualeba~ ganisazRvreba 3
kriteriumiT: samedicino, socialuri da iuridiuli. samedicino
182
kriteriumi – Tu cns-ze gansakuTrebuli zemoqmedeba ganapiro-
bebs nivTierebis arasamedicino mizniT gamoyenebas; socialuri
kriteriumi – Tu aseTi arasamedicino gamoyeneba masStaburia da
socialurad mniSvnelovania; iuridiuli kriteriumi – Tu aseTi
saSualeba oficialurad CaiTvleba narkotikad da Setanil iq-
neba narkotikuli saSualebebis nusxaSi. nivTiereba narkotikul
saSualebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu akma-
yofilebs samive kriteriums.
prekursori (Precursor) – bunebrivi an sinTezuri warmoSobis ni-

vTiereba, romelic ar warmoadgens narkotikul saSualebasa da
fsiqotropul nivTierebas, magram SesaZloa gamoyenebuli iyos
saerTaSoriso kontrols daqvemdebarebuli narkotikuli saSua-
lebebisa da fsiqotropuli nivTierebis dasamzadeblad.
cns-is depresanti (CNS Depressant) – nivTiereba, romelsac axasia-

Tebs Semakavebeli moqmedeba centralur nervul sistemaze, Tr-
gunavs sasicocxlod mniSvnelovan, maT Soris, refleqsur fun-
qciebs. cns-is depresantebs miekuTvneba Semdegi fsiqoaqtiuri
nivTierebebi: alkoholi, sxvadasxva saZile da damamSvidebeli
saSualebebi, narkotikulad moqmedi aqroladi nivTierebebi – in-
halantebi (gamxsnelebi da airebi), narkotikuli analgetikebi.
narkotikuli analgetiki, tkivilgamayuCebeli narkotiki (Narcotic

Analgesic Drug) – cns-is depresantebis jgufSi Semavali tkivilis
Semcirebis an moxsnis unaris mqone nivTiereba, romelsac miCve-
vis potenciali aqvs. am jgufis preparatebs miekuTvneba opiumi,
romelic miiReba uSualod saZile yayaCosgan (Papaver Somniferum)
da opiumisagan miRebuli alkaloidebi – morfini, kodeini da maTi
msgavsi alkaloidebi (opiatebi), opiumis msgavsi Tvisebebis mqone
sinTezuri naerTebi (opioidebi) – heroini, promedoli, buprenor-
fini (subuteqsi), metadoni da sxv.
cns-is stimulanti (CNS Stimulant) – nivTiereba, romelsac axasia-

Tebs gamaaqtivebeli, mastimulirebeli moqmedeba centralur
nervul sistemaze, iwvevs energiis mozRvavebis SegrZnebas, sifxi-
zlis donis momatebas. cns-is stimulantebs (maT fsiqostimulan-
tebsac uwodeben) miekuTvneba Semdegi fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebe-
bi: kokaini, amfetaminebi da amfetaminis rigis sxva preparatebi:
kofeini, nikotini, anaboluri steroidebi, agreTve kustarulad
183
damzadebuli amfetaminis magvari nivTierebebi - TviTnakeTi me-
tamfetamini (`vinti~) da meTkaTinoni (efedroni, `jefi~), romelTa
arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebam ukanasknel wlebSi farTo gavr-
celeba pova saqarTveloSi.
halucinogeni (Hallucinogen) – nivTiereba, romelic cns-ze zemoq-

medebis gziT iwvevs guneba-ganwyobilebis cvlilebas da aRqmis
gaukuRmarTebas iluziebisa da halucinaciebis warmoqmniT. am
jgufis nivTierebebi iwvevs fsiqikis iseT cvlilebebs, romlebic
fsiqozur mdgomareobebs mogvagoneben. maT ricxvs miekuTvneba
Semdegi fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebi: kanabisi (kanafi, haSiSi, ma-
rixuana), lizerginis mJavas dieTilamidi (LSD) da sxva sinTezuri
halucinogenebi (fenciklidini – PCP), halucinogenuri sokoebi,
halucinogenuri amfetaminebi (èqstazi~), meskalini (Seicavs meq-
sikuri kaqtusi – peioti) da sxv.
→ miCveva, damokidebuleba
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis miRebis gza, meTodi (Method of Route or

mode of administration) – gza, romliTac nivTiereba SeaRwevs ada-
mianis organizmSi. gamoyofen nivTierebis organizmSi SeRwevis
Semdeg gzebs: kuW-nawlavis traqtidan (Caylapva, piris Rrudan
an swori nawlavidan Sewova), ineqciis (kanqveSa, kunTSi, intrave-
nuri) meSveobiT, inhalaciuri (SesunTqva) gza, moweviT, kanidan da
lorwovani garsebidan SewoviT, placenturi – dedis organizmidan
nayofis organizmSi gadasvliT.
miCvevis (damokidebulebis Camoyalibebis) potenciali (Abuse liabi-

lity, dependence potential) – konkretuli fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis
unari, gamoiwvios damokidebulebis Camoyalibeba ganisazRvreba
imis mixedviT, Tu ramdenad maRalia imis albaToba, rom nivTie-
rebis ganmeorebiT moxmarebas Sedegad mohyveba fizikuri, fsiqo-
logiuri da socialuri garTulebebi, rogorc Tavad momxmare-
blisTvis, aseve sazogadoebisaTvis. miCvevis potenciali damoki-
debulia ama Tu im nivTierebis farmakologiur Taviseburebebze,
miRebis gzebze, dozasa da moxmarebis xangrZlivobaze.
narkotikuli Troba, intoqsikacia (Drug intoxication, drunkenness, high,

under the influence, inebriation) – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis gamoyene-
bisTanave ganviTarebuli mdgomareoba, rac gamoixateba cnobiere-
184
bis, azrovnebis, aRqmis, emociis, qcevis an sxva fsiqofiziologiuri
funqciebisa da reaqciebis darRveviT. narkotikuli Troba Sedgeba
fsiqikuri simptomebisa da sxeulebrivi SegrZnebebisgan, romlebic
drois mixedviT icvlebian da gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan into-
qsikaciis dasawyisSi, pikze da intoqsikaciis bolos. erTmaneTisgan
ganasxvaveben agreTve narkotikuli Trobis subieqtur (romelTac
SeigrZnobs TviTon narkotikis zemoqmedebis qveS myofi pirovneba)
da obieqtur (aRnusxvisaTvis misawvdom) simptomebsac.
zedozireba, mwvave mowamvla (Overdose, acute poisoning) – paTologiu-

ri procesi, romelic viTardeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis ga-
daWarbebuli dozis ganzrax an SemTxveviT miRebis Sedegad; vlin-
deba cnobierebis SecvliT, qceviTi aSlilobiT da sasicocxlo
funqciebis darRveviT.
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis arasamedicino mizniT gamoyeneba

(Non-medicaluse) – nivTierebis moxmareba eqimis daniSnulebis gare-
Se, samedicino Cvenebis gareSe.
mavned moxmareba, avad gamoyeneba (Abuse) – fsiqoaqtiuri nivTie-

rebebis garkveuli periodulobiT miReba, rac aSkara uaryofiT
samedicino zegavlenas axdens am nivTierebis momxmarebel pir-
ze (arsebobs momxmareblis fsiqikaze da fizikur mdgomareobaze
uSualo zianis miyenebis faqtebi), amasTan, ar aRiniSneba damoki-
debulebis sindromis niSnebi.
momxmarebeli (DrugAbuser) – piri, romelic eqimis daniSnulebis ga-

reSe moixmars specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebul fsiqoaq-
tiur nivTierebas, magram mis mimarT ar aqvs Camoyalibebuli da-
mokidebuleba.
wamaldamokidebuleba, narkomania (DrugDependence) – fiziologiu-

ri, qceviTi da fsiqologiuri movlenebis erToblioba, romelic
viTardeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis ganmeorebiTi moxmarebis
fonze da romlis drosac nivTierebis gamoyeneba pirvel adgil-
zea individis faseulobaTa sistemaSi. damokidebulebis sindro-
mis ZiriTadi maxasiaTebelia fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis miRebis
Zlieri, zogjer dauZleveli moTxovnileba. es aris daavadeba, ro-
melic vlindeba am nivTierebaze fsiqikuri (da zogjer fizikuri)
damokidebulebiT da tolerantobis zrdiT.
185
fsiqikuri damokidebuleba (Psychological dependence) – mdgomareo-
ba, romlis drosac narkotiki iwvevs dakmayofilebis grZnobas
da romelic moiTxovs narkotikis periodul an mudmiv moxmare-
bas siamovnebis miRebis, an/da usiamovno fsiqikuri SegrZnebebis
Tavidan acilebis mizniT. es aris gansazRvruli fsiqoaqtiuri
saSualebisadmi dauokebeli ltolva, am saSualebis ganmeorebiTi
miRebis Zlieri emociuri saWiroeba/moTxovnileba.
fizikuri damokidebuleba (Physical dependence) – mdgomareoba, rome-

lic vlindeba Cveuli narkotikis xmarebis Sewyvetis Semdeg Zlie-
ri fizikuri aSlilobiT. es aSliloba (aRkveTis mdgomareoba anu
abstinenciuri sindromi) fsiqikuri da fizikuri xasiaTis simpto-
mebis kompleqsia, specifikuri calkeuli saxis narkotikisTvis.
aRkveTis sindromi, abstinenciuri mdgomareoba (Withdrawal syndro-

me) – sxvadasxva simZimis simptomebisa da niSnebis erToblioba,
romelic aRmocendeba wamaldamokidebul pirebSi nivTierebis mi-
Rebis sruli Sewyvetis an misi dozis Semcirebisas am nivTierebis
araerTjeradi, Cveulebriv, xangrZlivi da/an didi dozebiT mox-
marebis Semdeg.
tolerantoba (Tolerance) – organizmis Seguebis (miCvevis) es mdgoma-

reoba viTardeba narkotikis sistematuri xmarebis garkveul eta-
pze, roca organizmi kargavs mgrZnobelobas romelime preparatis
an preparatebis jgufis mimarT, ris Sedegadac mravaljeradi xma-
rebis dros preparatis gansazRvruli dozis mimarT sustdeba or-
ganizmis reaqcia. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, uwindeli efeqtis mi-
saRebad aucilebeli xdeba mocemuli preparatis dozis momateba.
narkomaniiT daavadebuli piri (Drug Addict) – piri, romelsac Sesa-

bamisi samedicino dawesebulebis mier dadgenili aqvs specialur
kontrols daqvemdebarebul fsiqoaqtiur nivTierebebze damoki-
debulebis diagnozi.
damokidebulebis sindromis diagnotikuri kriteriumebi (Diagnos-

tic criteria for drug dependence)1 – damokidebulebis sindromis diag-
nozi SeiZleba daisvas qvemoT CamoTvlilTagan 3 an meti niSnis
1
ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and
Diagnostic Guidelines (10th edition), WHO, 1993
186
arsebobis SemTxvevaSi, drois garkveul monakveTSi (ukanaskneli
1 wlis manZilze):
1. fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis miRebis Zlieri survili/niv-
Tierebisadmi dauZleveli ltolva;
2. nivTierebis miRebaze kontrolis unaris daqveiTeba,
uSedego mcdeloba, an survili, Seamciros an gaakontro-
los nivTierebis miReba;
3. aRkveTis mdgomareoba nivTierebis miRebis Semcirebis an
Sewyvetisas;
4. tolerantobis momateba nivTierebis efeqtebis mimarT,
rac gamoixateba dozis momatebis aucileblobiT sasur-
veli efeqtis misaRwevad;
5. alternatiuli siamovnebebisa da interesebis progresu-
li ugulebelyofa fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis moxmare-
bis gamo. sasurveli nivTierebis mopoveba da moxmareba,
TandaTan ufro met dros ikavebs adamianis cxovrebaSi;
6. nivTierebis Semdgomi moxmareba, miuxedavad moxmarebis
mavne Sedegebis mkafiod gacnobierebisa.
fsiqozuri aSliloba (Psychotic disorder) – aSliloba, romelic aR-

mocendeba fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis moxmarebisTanave an siste-
maturi moxmarebis fonze. xasiaTdeba halucinaciebiT, bodviTi
ideebiT, fsiqomotoruli agznebiT, cnobierebis SecvliT.
toqsikomania (Toxicomania) – postsabWoTa sivrceSi, am terminiT

aRiniSneba iseT nivTierebebze damokidebuleba, romlebic ar
iTvleba narkotikul saSualebebad, mag: damokidebuleba inhalan-
tebze (sayofacxovrebo qimiis nawarmi, romelic aqroladia da
romelTa SesunTqva xdeba gamabruebeli efeqtis misaRebad, upi-
ratesad, bavSvebisa da mozardebis mier). frangul enaSi toqsiko-
mania wamaldamokidebulebis sinonimia.
polinarkomania, Sereuli tipis narkomania (Eng: multiple drug use;

French: polytoxicomanie) – es aris narkomania ori an meti narkoti-
kuli saSualebis erTdrouli an monacvleobiTi moxmarebiT. po-
linarkomaniis klinikuri suraTi bevrad ufro mZimea da gani-
sazRvreba ara calkeuli narkotikebis moqmedebis ubralo jamiT,
aramed maTi urTierTqmedebis SedegiT.
→ narkopolitika
187
narkotikebze kontroli (Drug Control) – lokalur, erovnul an saer-
TaSoriso doneze specifikuri fsiqoaqtiuri saSualebebis (spe-
cialur kontrols daqvemdebarebuli nivTierebebis) warmoebis,
gavrcelebis, gayidvisa da moxmarebis regulireba sakanonmdeblo
sistemisa da garkveuli uwyebebis mier. specialuri kontroli ga-
nisazRvreba rogorc RonisZiebaTa erToblioba, romelsac saxel-
mwifo iyenebs gaeros konvenciebis TandarTul siebSi Setanili
fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebebis ukanono brunvis Tavidan asacile-
blad.
narkopolitika (Drug Policy) – es aris narkotikebis legalur da ara-

legalur warmoebasa da maT moxmarebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxe-
bisadmi saxelmwifos midgoma, am sakiTxebis samarTlebrivi regula-
ciebi da sapasuxo RonisZiebebis mkafiod gansazRvruli sistema.
saxelmwifo narkopolitikis dokumenti unda Seicavdes qveynis

mTavrobis xedvas, zogad principebs, moqmedebas da iniciativebs
narkotikebTan dakavSirebiT; gansazRvravdes grZelvadian amoca-
nebs da gvTavazobdes im meqanizmebsa da instrumentebs, romelTa
saSualebiTac moxdeba narkopolitikis ZiriTadi principebis mi-
sadageba dasaxul amocanebTan.
narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli msoflio politika ganisazRvre-

ba saerTaSoriso konvenciebiT da saxelmwifoTaSorisi SeTanx-
mebebiT problemur sferoSi TanamSromlobaze. dRes msoflioSi
mimdinareobs narkotikebis gavrcelebis problemisadmi midgomis
harmonizaciis procesi. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom TiToeuli
qveynis nacionaluri politika am sferoSi inarCunebs garkveul
Taviseburebebs, konkretuli qveynis tradiciebidan da aqtualu-
ri narkologiuri situaciidan gamomdinare.
amkrZalveli (prohibicionistuli, represiuli) politika (Prohibi-

ton Policy) – narkopolitika, romelic dafuZnebulia narkotikebis
arasamedicino mizniT moxmarebis sruli akrZalvis principebze;
aseTi midgomis Tanaxmad, akrZalulia narkotikuli saSualebebisa
da fsiqotropuli nivTierebebis Semcveli mcenareebis daTesva,
moyvana, kultivireba, specialur kontrols daqvemdebarebuli
nivTierebebis Seqmna, warmoeba, Senaxva, gadagzavna, realizacia,
SeZena, moxmareba, Semotana, gatana, tranziti.
legalizacia(Legalization) – narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqo-
188
tropuli nivTierebebis mTliani mimoqcevis kanonierad cnoba,
narkotikebis Semcveli nivTierebebis kultivirebis, axali nar-
kotikebis Seqmnis, narkotikebis warmoebis, eqsport-importis, ga-
nawilebisa da gayidvis CaTvliT. es niSnavs fsiqoaqtiuri nivTie-
rebebis kultivirebaze, warmoebaze, gavrcelebasa da moxmarebaze
legaluri SezRudvebis moxsnas.
dekriminalizacia (Decriminalization) – gulisxmobs narkotikuli ni-

vTierebebisa da fsiqotropuli saSualebebis arasamedicino miz-
niT moxmarebis gamo fizikuri pirebis sisxlis samarTlis pasu-
xismgeblobisgan gaTavisuflebas, imisda miuxedavad, narkotikebis
mimoqceva legalizebulia Tu ara. es niSnavs sisxlis samarTlis
pasuxismgeblobis moxsnas aralegaluri fsiqoaqtiuri nivTiere-
bebis piradi moxmarebisaTvis flobaze, Senaxvasa da moxmarebaze.
narkotikebTan mimarTebaSi liberaluri politikis erT-erT va-
riants warmoadgens maTi nawilobrivi dekriminalizaciis poli-
tika (mag., marixuanas nawilobrivi dekriminalizacia holandiaSi),
romelsac zogjer arasworad uwodeben e. w. `msubuqi narkotike-
bis~ legalizacias.
narkotikebis mowodebis Semcireba (Supply reduction) – zogadi ter-

minia da gamoiyeneba politikuri RonisZiebebisa da programebis
aRsaniSnavad, romlebic mimarTulia aralegaluri narkotikebis
xelmisawvdomobisa da narkotikebTan dakavSirebuli danaSau-
lis Semcirebis xelSewyobisken. samarTaldamcavi organoebisa da
sxva specialuri samsaxurebis yuradReba mimarTuli unda iyos
mosaxleobisaTvis narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqotropu-
li nivTierebebis xelmisawvdomobis yovelmxriv SezRudvaze da
gulisxmobs: qveyanaSi aralegaluri narkotikebis Semotanis pre-
vencias; aralegaluri brunvidan narkotikebis efeqtur amoRe-
bas; narkotikuli saSualebebis, fsiqotropuli nivTierebebisa da
prekursorebis legaluri brunvidan aralegalurSi gadadinebis
profilaqtikas.
narkotikebze moTxovnis Semcireba (Demand Reduction) – gamoiye-

neba politikasa da programebSi, romlebic mimarTulia gaeros
konvenciebiT akrZaluli narkotikuli saSualebebisa da fsiqo-
tropuli nivTierebebis moxmarebaze moTxovnis SezRudvisaken. am
sferoSi evrokavSiris strategia moicavs prevenciul, adreuli
intervenciis (Carevis), mkurnalobis, zianis Semcirebis, reabili-
189
taciisa da socialuri reintegraciis RonisZiebebs.
yvela es RonisZieba erTmaneTs avsebs da moicavs prevenciis sx-
vadasxva doneebs. zogadad, miznebis ierarqia narkotikebze mo-
Txovnis SezRudvis sferoSi ase gamoiyureba:
1. moxmarebis Semcireba:
→ pirveladi prevencia - axali momxmareblebis raodenobis
Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebis dawyebis prevencia);
→ meoreuli prevencia – narkotikebis arsebul momxmarebel-
Ta raodenobis Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebis gagr-
Zelebis prevencia);
2. zianis Semcireba:
→ mesameuli prevencia – narkotikebis momxmareblebisTvis,
aramomxmareblebisa da sazogadoebisTvis narkotikebiT ga-
mowveuli janmrTelobis/samarTlebrivi/socialuri zianis
Semcireba (narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveuli zianis Sem-
cireba).
narkotikebis moxmarebis pirveladi prevencia (Primary prevention

of substance abuse) – es aris socialuri, saganmanaTleblo da sa-
medicino-fsiqologiuri RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, romelic xels
uwyobs avadmyofuri damokidebulebis gamomwvevi fsiqoaqtiuri
saSualebebis moxmarebis dawyebis Tavidan acilebas.
testireba narkotikze (Drug Testing) – xdeba toqsikologiur-labo-

ratoriuli diagnostikis meSveobiT, romelic gulisxmobs bio-
logiur masalaSi (sisxli, Sardi, Tma, nerwyvi, Tav-zurg-tvinis si-
Txe, pirnaRebi masebi) fsiqoaqtiuri nivTierebis Tvisebriv da
raodenobriv gansazRvras (nivTierebis identifikacias). narkoti-
kuli nivTierebebis miRebis faqtis dasadgenad ZiriTadad imuno-
qimiuri meTodebi gamoiyeneba. yvelaze gavrcelebulia narkoti-
kuli nivTierebis gansazRvra SardSi.
190

ჯანსაღი ცხოვრების წესი

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ჯანსაღი ცხოვრების წესი

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da

proeqtis koordinatori: manana varazaSvili -

samecniero redaqtori: lamara maWavariani

teqnikuri redaqtori: Tamar ninikaSvili

dizainer-damkabadonebeli: nugzar arCemaSvili

© saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro

mocemuli publikaciis teqstis gamoyeneba daSvebulia mxolod

kari 1. jansaRi kveba

kari 2. Tambaqo, alkoholi, narkotikebi

zrunva cxovrebis jansaRi wesis dasamkvidreblad rac SeiZle-

gacilebiT advili da efeqturia cxovrebis jansaRi wesisa da

aSkaraa, rom axalgazrda Taoba saqarTveloSi krizisul socia-

ra aris prevenciuli muSaobis mizani? zogadad, prevencia war-

sakuTari janmrTelobisadmi adekvaturi damokidebuleba, TviTk-

mozardebi iSviaTad ikvebebian sworad: isini megobrebTan erTad

1. jansaRi kveba da misi upiratesobebi

adamianis organizmSi mimdinare yvela sasicocxlo procesi kve-

kvebis produqtebi – es aris im nivTierebaTa wyaro, saidanac

Tanamedrove fiziologia amtkicebs, rom kvebis racioni zega-

jansaRi kvebis sabaziso principebia:

sasusnavebis moyvaruli mozardebisTvis jansaRi kveba arc iseTi

mozardebis swori da jansaRi kveba, iseve rogorc regularuli

Warbwonianobis problema aqtualuria saqarTveloSic. Catare-

2. sakvebi nivTierebebi da maTi Semcveli produqtebi

nutrientebi iyofa 2 kategoriad: makronutrientebi da mikro-

burRuleuli parkosnebi soko

cxoveluri cilebis wyaro ki xorceuli, Tevzeuli da kvercxia.

xorceuli Tevzeuli kvercxi

cilebze moTxovnileba individualuria: SeiZleba adamianis sxeu-

mcenareuli cximebis wyaros warmoadgens zeTisxili, mzesumzira,

zeTisxili mzesumzira simindi Txileuli

cxovelur cximebs adamianis organizmi iRebs rZis nawarmidan,

karaqi araJani xorceuli Tevzeuli

rekomendebulia, ise Sedges dRis racioni, rom masSi Sediodes

sul sxva suraTi gvaqvs `nelad Sladi~ naxSirwylebis miRebis Sem-

`swrafad Sladi~ naxSirwylebis ZiriTad wyaros warmoadgens tk-

`nelad Slad~ naxSirwylebs organizms burRuleuli, kartofili

burRuleuli kartofili puri

ujredisiT mdidari produqtebiT kveba sasikeToa Cveni orga-

es produqtebi amcirebs sisxlSi qolesterinis dones, xels uS-

unda aRiniSnos, rom ujredisi xorcSi, rZis produqtebSi da,

ujredisiT mdidari sakvebi poduqtebi

parkosnebi Txileuli xili bostneuli

kenkra yavisferi brinji srulmarcvlovani burRuleuli

Secvladi vitaminebi, SesaZloa, organizmSi warmoiqmnas. Tumca,

vitaminebi iyofa or jgufad: wyalSi da cximSi xsnad vitaminebad.

A vitamini (retinoli). am vitaminiT mdidaria: Tevzis qoni, saqon-

B1 vitamini (Tiamini). am vitamins didi raodenobiT Seicavs: xorbali,

B2 vitamini (riboflavini). didi raodenobiT Seicavs saqon-

B5 vitamini (panTotenis mJava). Seicavs mcenareuli produqtebi:

B12 vitamini (ciankobalamini). didi raodenobiT Seicavs umTa-

C vitamini (askorbinis mJava). ZiriTadi wyaroa axali xili,

D vitamini (kalciferoli). is, umTavresad, gamomuSavdeba kanSi,

E vitamini (tokoferoli). am vitaminiT mdidaria: mcenareuli

K vitamini (filoqinoni). mas, nawilobriv, nawlavebSi mobinadre

H vitamini (biotini). es vitamini bevria saqonlis RviZlSi, miwis

arsebobs 100-mde mineraluri nivTiereba, romelTagan 20 adamia-

rkina - Sedis proteinebisa da fermentebis SemadgenlobaSi, mo-

magniumi cilebisa da naxSirwylebis sinTezisTvis saWiro fermen-

kaliumi nivTierebaTa cvlis procesebSi aqtiurad monawileobs.

kalciumi Zvlebisa da kbilebis erTgvari saSeni masalaa. is mo-

natriumi monawileobs kuWis wvenis warmoqmnaSi, Tirkmlebis mier

fosforiT mdidaria rZe, xaWo, yveli, soko, kvercxis guli, ni-

iodi bavSvis organizmisTvis metad mniSvnelovani elementia. vi-