APPENDIX

CHAPTER 22A

Laplace Transforms
f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

1
1. 1 ( s > 0)
s

1
2. x ( s > 0)
s2

(n ! 1)!
3. xn – 1 (n = 1, 2, …) ( s > 0)
sn

1
4. x " s ! 3/2 ( s > 0)
2

5. 1/ x " s ! 1/2 (s > 0)

(1)(3)(5) ! (2 n ! 1) " ! n ! 1/2

6. xn ! 1/2 (n = 1, 2, …) s ( s > 0)
2n

1
7. eax ( s > a)
s!a

a
8. sin ax ( s > 0)
s + a2
2

s
9. cos ax s>0
s 2 + a2

a
10. sinh ax (s > | a |)
s 2 ! a2

s
11. cosh ax (s > | a |)
s 2 ! a2

2 as
12. x sin ax ( s > 0)
(s 2 + a2 )2

s 2 ! a2
13. x cos ax ( s > 0)
(s 2 + a2 )2

(n ! 1)!
14. xn ! 1eax (n = 1, 2, …) ( s > a)
( s ! a) n

330
 APPENDIX A 331

Laplace Transforms (cont.)

f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

a
15. ebx sin ax ( s > b)
( s ! b) 2 + a 2

s!b
16. ebx cos ax ( s > b)
( s ! b) 2 + a 2

2 a3
17. sin ax ! ax cos ax ( s > 0)
(s 2 + a2 )2

1 ! x/a 1
18. e
a 1 + as

1 ax 1
19. (e ! 1)
a s ( s ! a)

20. 1 – e– x/
xa 1
s(1 + as)

1 ! x/a 1
21. xe
a2 (1 + as)2

22. e ax ! ebx 1
a!b (s ! a)(s ! b)

23. e ! x/a ! e ! x/b 1

a!b (1 + as)(1 + bs)

24. (1 + ax)eax s
( s ! a) 2

1 s
25. ( a ! x )e ! x / a
a3 (1 + as)2

ae ax ! bebx s
26.
a!b (s ! a)(s ! b)

ae ! x/b ! be ! x/a s
27.
ab(a ! b) (1 + as)(1 + bs)

1 ax 1
28. (e ! 1 ! ax )
a2 s 2 ( s ! a)

29. sin2 ax 2a2

s( s + 4 a 2 )
2

2a 2
30. sinh2 ax
s( s ! 4 a 2 )
2

1 # ax ax ax ax & a3
31. % cosh sin ! sinh cos (
2$ 2 2 2 2' s + a4
4
332 APPENDIX A

Laplace Transforms (cont.)

f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

ax ax a 2s
32. sin sinh
2 2 s + a4
4

1 # ax ax ax ax & as 2
33. % cos sinh + sin cos (
2$ 2 2 2 2' s4 + a4

ax ax s3
34. cos cosh
2 2 s + a4
4

1 a3
35. (sinh ax ! sin ax )
2 s ! a4
4

1 a2 s
36. (cosh ax ! cos ax )
2 s ! a4
4

1 as 2
37. (sinh ax + sin ax )
2 s ! a4
4

1 s3
38. (cosh ax + cos ax )
2 s ! a4
4

39. sin ax sinh ax 2a2 s

s + 4a4
4

40. cos ax sinh ax a( s 2 ! 2 a 2 )

s 4 + 4a 4

41. sin ax cosh ax a( s 2 + 2 a 2 )

s 4 + 4a 4

s3
42. cos ax cosh ax
s + 4a4
4

1 as 2
43. (sin ax + ax cos ax )
2 (s + a2 )2
2

ax s3
44. cos ax ! sin ax
2 (s 2 + a2 )2

1 a3
45. (ax cosh ax ! sinh ax )
2 (s ! a2 )2
2

x as
46. sinh ax
2 (s ! a2 )2
2

1 as 2
47. (sinh ax + ax cosh ax )
2 (s 2 ! a 2 )2

ax s3
48. cosh ax + sinh ax
2 (s ! a2 )2
2
 APPENDIX A 333

Laplace Transforms (cont.)

f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

a sin bx ! b sin ax ab
49.
a2 ! b2 (s 2 + a 2 )(s 2 + b 2 )

cos bx ! cos ax s
50.
a2 ! b2 (s + a )(s 2 + b 2 )
2 2

a sin ax ! b sin bx s2
51.
a2 ! b2 (s 2 + a 2 )(s 2 + b 2 )

a 2 cos ax ! b 2 cos bx s3
52.
a2 ! b2 (s + a )(s 2 + b 2 )
2 2

b sinh ax ! a sinh bx ab
53.
a2 ! b2 (s 2 ! a 2 )(s 2 ! b 2 )

cosh ax ! cosh bx s
54.
a2 ! b2 (s 2 ! a 2 )(s 2 ! b 2 )

a sinh ax ! b sin bx s2
55.
a2 ! b2 (s 2 ! a 2 )(s 2 ! b 2 )

a 2 cosh ax ! b 2 cosh bx s3
56.
a2 ! b2 (s ! a )(s 2 ! b2 )
2 2

1 a2
57. x ! sin ax
a s (s + a2 )
2 2

1 a2
58. sinh ax ! x
a s 2 (s 2 ! a2 )

ax a4
59. 1 ! cos ax ! sin ax
2 s( s + a 2 )2
2

ax a4
60. 1 ! cosh ax + sinh ax
2 s( s ! a 2 )2
2

b 2 cos ax ! a 2 cos bx a2b2

61. 1+
a2 ! b2 s(s + a 2 )(s 2 + b 2 )
2

62. b 2 cos ax ! a 2 cosh bx a2b2

1+
a2 ! b2 s(s ! a 2 )(s 2 ! b 2 )
2

1 a5
63. [(3 ! a 2 x 2 )sin ax ! 3ax cos ax ]
8 ( s + a 2 )3
2

x a3 s
64. [sin ax ! ax cos ax ]
8 ( s 2 + a 2 )3

1 a3 s 2
65. [(1 + a 2 x 2 )sin ax ! ax cos ax ]
8 ( s + a 2 )3
2
334 APPENDIX A

Laplace Transforms (cont.)

f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

1 a5
66. [(3 + a 2 x 2 )sinh ax ! 3ax cosh ax ]
8 ( s ! a 2 )3
2

x a3 s
67. (ax cosh ax ! sinh ax )
8 ( s ! a 2 )3
2

1 a3 s 2
68. [ ax cosh ax ! (1 ! a 2 x 2 )sinh ax ]
8 ( s ! a 2 )3
2

1 1
69. (1 ! e ! x/a ) n
n! s(as + 1)(as + 2) ! (as + n)

s sin b + a cos b
70. sin (ax + b)
s 2 + a2

s cos b ! a sin b
71. cos (ax + b)
s 2 + a2

# ax 3 ax 3 & 3a 2
72. e ! ax ! e ax/2 % cos ! 3 sin (
% 2 2 (' s 3 + a3
$

1 + 2 ax s+a
73.
"x s s

1
74. e ! ax / " x
s+a

1
75. (ebx ! e ax ) s!a ! s!b
2x " x

1 1
76. cos 2 ax e ! a/s
"x s

1 1
77. cosh 2 ax e a/s
"x s

1
78. sin 2 ax s– 3/2e– a/s
a"

1
79. sinh 2 ax s– 3/2ea/s
a"

1 ! a/s
80. J 0 (2 ax ) e
s

1 ! a/s
81. x/aJ1 (2 ax ) e
s2

82. ( x / a)( p ! 1) / 2 J p ! 1 (2 ax ) ( p > 0) s– pe– a/s

 APPENDIX A 335

Laplace Transforms (cont.)

f (x) F (s) = !{ f (x) }

1
83. J0(x)
s +1
2

s2 + 1 ! s
84. J1(x)
s2 + 1

85. ( > – 1)
Jp(x) (p ( s 2 + 1 ! s) p
s2 + 1

# 1& (2 a) p )( p + 12 )
86. x p J p (ax ) % p > ! (
$ 2' " (s 2 + a 2 ) p + (1 / 2 )

x p !1 1
87. ( p > 0)
)( p) sp

4 n n! 1
88. x n ! (1/2 )
(2 n)! " sn s

x p ! 1 ! ax 1
89. e ( p > 0)
)( p) ( s + a) p

1 ! e ax s!a
90. ln
x s

ebx ! e ax s!a
91. ln
x s!b

2 s+a
92. sinh ax ln
x s!a

2 s 2 + a2
93. (1 ! cos ax ) ln
x s2

2 s 2 + a2
94. (cos bx ! cos ax ) ln
x s 2 + b2

sin ax a
95. arctan
x s

2 2 as
96. sin ax cos bx arctan
x s 2 ! a2 + b2

# a & # 1 + e ! (" /a ) s &

97. sin |ax| % 2 2 (% ! (" /a ) s (
$ s + a '$ 1 ! e '