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ELECTRON
COMPREHENSION – 01
09th Apr 2021

SCIENCE
(Motion)

Comprehension
Motion is the movement in which an object changes it position. A person may know an object
moved and motion has taken place by looking at the other objects nearby. For example, while
on a boat it may not feel like it is moving, but as the boat drifts along the shore, the view
changes.

A frame of reference can be created after a reference point is chosen relative to the position
of an object. For example, a person on a train car can seem to be moving, but it is actually the
train car moving and the person is still. The person's position does not change. The frame of
reference is the person on the train, which shows that the train is moving.

Velocity includes how fast an object is in motion or its speed plus its direction. Speed can be
determined using different measurements over a period of time to determine how fast an
object is moving. For example, the speed of a car may be measured at 50 miles per hour. The
car will travel a distance of 50 miles in one hour, which is the unit of time. Speed can be
measured per hour, per minute, per second, and others. The velocity of a storm tells
meteorologists the direction of a hurricane which will help residents to prepare for the
hurricane to remain safe. The velocity is the speed and direction of a moving object.

Acceleration is the force applied to an object changing its speed, direction, or both.
Acceleration may increase or decrease the speed or velocity of an object. For example, when a
person is driving a car they may use acceleration to cause it to move faster. When a person is
walking and decides to start running, the person will accelerate by using leg muscles to help
them run faster.

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Deceleration is also a force applied to an object changing its speed, direction, or both.
Deceleration is a type of acceleration that will decrease the speed or velocity of an object. An
example of deceleration is a person driving a car decides to slow down by pressing on the
brake. It can also include a runner slowing down to rest while running a marathon.

Friction is a force that will also affect the motion of an object. Friction is the force that
opposes the sliding motion between two touching surfaces. In other words, friction can affect
the speed of an object's movement, usually by decreasing the speed.

Examples may include a person moving a piece of furniture on a carpeted floor. The carpet
makes it more difficult to move it and the couch does not slide quickly across the floor; its
speed decreased. A sled on snow may not slide so quickly sometimes because friction
between the rudders and snow may decrease its speed. Friction will affect how quickly a
person can rub their hands together. The more friction there is the more difficult it will be for
the person to rub their hands together.

There are many other variables affecting motion as well, including the weight of the object,
the amount of force, temperature, size, and several other variables. Even gravity may affect
the motion of an object. People who have landed on the moon move very easily because there
is little or no gravity. While on Earth gravity affect their movement or motion.

In summary, motion is the movement in which an object changes its position. Using a frame
of reference, it is possible to prove something moved. Acceleration and deceleration will
affect the speed and velocity of an object in motion, and friction usually decreases the speed
of an object's motion.

Now, solve the following questions:

1) Which of the following can best be described as speed plus direction?

A: Acceleration

B: Deceleration

C: Friction

D: Velocity

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2) Which of the following may increase or decrease the speed of an object?

A: Acceleration

B: Deceleration

C: Motion

D: Frame of reference

3) A force that opposes the sliding motion between two objects is which of the following?

A: Acceleration

B: Deceleration

C: Friction

D: Gravity

4) If a person is riding a bike and want to slow down, they use the brakes. This is an example of
which of the following?

A: Frame of reference

B: Motion

C: Deceleration

D: Velocity

5) Which of the following may be causing trouble for a person moving a chair across the room?

A: Friction

B: Velocity

C: Motion

D: Speed

6) The boy sat in the car so long it felt like he was no longer moving, but then he saw a tree that
was beginning to get further and further away from his view. The tree is which of the following?

A: Friction

B: Frame of reference

C: Velocity

D: Gravity

Institute’s Address : Knowledge Center, Road No. 24 B (Behind Shiv Temple), Rajiv Nagar, Patna - 800024
Ph. : +91 6202 108 312, +91 6299 509 079