Glycerine (¥: = 1.50 Pa.s and p = 1260 kg/m®) flows at a velocity of 5.0 m/s in a 10 om diameter pipe. Estimate: (a) the boundary shear stress in the pipe due to the flow (b) Head loss in a length of 12 m of pipe and (c) Power expended by the flow in a distance of 12 m Solution: Reynolds number Re = VD _ 126050 0.10 # 150 = 420 {a) As this value is less than 2000, the flow is laminar. In laminar flow in a conduit a ro 8X 1.50 x 5.0 iti 0.10 (b) In laminar flow the head loss = 600 Pa 82 x LB0 x 50 x12 = 233m a260 x 98ncoaF ~ 8 (©) Power expended P = 7 Qhr Discharge Q= AV = 2X@U* x 50 = 003027 m/s Power P = (1260 x 9.81) x 0.03927 x 23.3 = 11309.8 W = 11.31 kW‘Two tanks containing an oil of p = 950 kg/m® and = 8 x 10 Pa.s are connected by a 15 em diameter pipeline of length 200 m. Calculate the maximum difference in the elevation in the oil surfaces that ean exist while maintaining laminar flow in the pipe. Solution: The maximum Reynolds number = Reait = =D = 2000 = “> 8x10 1 "ED = 1123 m/s V = 2000 x S2uVL 7D? _ 32x 8 x 10% x 1123 x 200 ~~ @50 x 98D (0.15) = 2742 m = maximum difference in oil surface elevations Head loss hy =An oil of dynamic viscosity 1.5 poise and relative density 0.9 flows through a 3 cm vertieal pipe. Two pressure gauges are fixed 20 m apart. The gauge A fixed at the top records 200 kPa and the gauge B fixed at the bottom records 500 kPa. Find the direction of flow and the rate of flow. Solution: j= 1.6 poise = 0.15 Pas p= 0.9 x 998 = 898.2 kg/m* y = 898.2 x 9.81 = 8811 Nim’ 8.811 kN/m? Piczometrichead ata = hy = 2 + Za hy = 20, + 20 (with level Bas the dat = aoe ‘with level at gauge B as the datum) = 42,699 hay = piezometric head at B = i + Dy = B+ 0= 96747 m Since hip > hig the flow is from B towards A, ic. upwards. Head loss = hie = hp ~ ha = 56.747 — 42.699 14.048 m ‘Assuming the flow as laminar hy = SH yD* = Bx OIG XV X30 4 ots = Bera cooa? 7 SOY V = 07736 m/s acids _ VDp _ 07736 x 008 x 8982 Reynolds number Re= 7? = Sy = 139 ‘As Re < 2000, the flow is laminar and our initial assumption is correct, Discharge Q=av = & x (003 x 07736 fi = 05468 x 10% m/s = 05468 LisOil of relative density 0.9. and dynamic viscosity 2.5 poises is pumped through a 100 oo enter pipe 500 m long at a rate of 2 L/s. (a) Find the Reynolds number of the How: (i) Galeulate the pressure required at the pump if the outlet end, which is free, is at 20 m above the pump level. (c) What should be thi input i efficiency of the pump set is 65%? an[= 2.6 poise = 0.25 Pas p = 0.9 x 998 = 898.2 kg/m® D=100 mm = 0.1m Q = 2Us = 0.002 m/s V = 0002 = 0.2546 m/s Fx ow fa) Reynolds number Re = 222 1982 x 0.2546 x OL 025 149 As Re < 2000, the flow is laminar (b) Head loss due to friction: hee <"(o82 x 9.80) = 1155m If A is the pamp end and B is the outlet, then Po so+ eM em-¥ee ft aiep ners ae But pg = 0 = atmospheric, as the outlet is free. Also hy = 11.55 m Pas 200 + 1155= 8188 a = 8186 x (698.2 x 9.81) = 278000 Pa = 278 kPa (c) Power required for pumping the fluid P= yQi where H = overall head = Static head + friction head = 3156 m P = (898.2 x 9.81) x 0.002 x 31.55 = 556 W ‘As the overall efficiency of the pump set is 65% Power input required = P; 38 = 8554W‘An 8 em diameter pipe, 300 m long conveys oil of kinematic viscosity 1.5 stokes and snes density 900 kg’m®. Assuming laminar flow, (a) find the rate of flow if it takes 30 KW of power input to a pump set of overall efficiency 60% to drive the flow, (b) verify whether the assumption of laminar flow is correct. ‘Solution: (a) Power delivered to the fluid ~ 60% x 5000 Also power Kinematic viscosity v = 5 stokes = 1.5 x 104 ms Dynamic viscosity 4 = pv = 900 x 1.6 10% = 0.135 Pas px 128x 0185 x GX 00 © 5099 ax 0.08" @ = 74467 x 10% Q = 863 x 10° mis = 8.63 Ls co v= 8882100 2 uri mis Fx 08? Ree VD. BAT 008 | 9157 15 x 10° ‘As Re < 2000, the flow is laminar.