Indian Journal of Poultry Science (2010) 45(1): 46-49; Research Article

Effects of feeding mango seed kernel on performance, carcass characteristics and

cost of feeding in broiler starter
DHARMENDRA KUMAR*, CHANDRAMONI AND P.K. SINGH

Department of Animal Nutrition

Bihar Veterinary College, Patna - 800 014 (Bihar)

(Received on November 21, 2009; accepted for publication on January 27, 2010)

ABSTRACT
Kumar, D. Chandramoni and Singh, P.K. 2010. Effects of feeding mango seed kernel on performance, carcass characteristics and cost of
feeding in broiler starter. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 45(1): 46-49.
An investigation was undertaken to study the effects of feeding mango seed kernel (MSK) whose annual production in the country
is about 14 million tons and about 15 lakh tons in Bihar, on growth performance, carcass quality and cost of feeding in broiler. A total of 200
chicks were randomly distributed into 5 groups of 40 chicks each. Each dietary treatment was replicated twice. Five diets in which MSK
replaced 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% levels of rice polish were fed ad libidum to starter broilers (0-4 weeks). The body weight gain, feed conversion
efficiency, performance index and feed intake of birds were simillar in all the dietary treatments.The feed cost/kg weight gain (Rs.) of broilers
was found minimum in the group fed with 10% of MSK. The MSK inclusion had no significant (P>0.05) influence on the dressed weight,
eviscerated weight and ready to cook chicken weight and also no significant (P>0.05) effect on weight of liver, gizzard, heart and spleen was
observed. Net profit per bird was 45.29, 45.34, 46.01, 47.05 and 47.43 percent, respectively of input for all five treatments, respectively.Thus,
it can be concluded that MSK can be included in the ration of broilers upto 10% without affecting their performance.
Key words: Mango seed kernel, growth performance, carcass quality, economics, broiler chicken

INTRODUCTION and its chances of replacing maize which constitutes 50-70%

The broiler industry demands an economic feed for
profitable broiler farming. The feed is the single largest item
of expenditure costing nearly 65% of the overall cost of broiler
production. The feed ingredient should have lesser agronomic
demand, high in energy, limited processing method and more
importantly have a low competitive demand for human
consumption (Odunsi and Farinu, 1997). Mango seed kernel,
an agricultural waste, appears to satisfy most of these
requirements. Many workers (El-Alaily et al., 1976; Dhingra
and Kapoor, 1985 ; Das et al., 1988) have elucidated potential
of mango seed kernel in animal nutrition. These workers
further revealed that it contains protein (5-8%); fat (6-12%);
carbohydrate (75-80%); ash (1.5-3.0%); fibre (1.8-4.01%);
calcium (0.21%) and phosphorus (0.21%). Though it is a poor
source of protein, is an excellent source of energy containing
about 13% ether extract (El Alaily et al., 1976) ; 77% NFE
(Patel et al.,1971). However, the maximum potential of this
product has not been tapped in our country. Keeping in view,
the large scale availability of mango seed kernel in country,
*Corresponding author : Department of Animal Nutrition, AAU, Anand
- 388 110; e-mail - drdharmendravet@yahoo.co.in
of monogastric animals feed (Odunsi and Farinu, 1997) and
rice polish, the present study was conducted to study the
effect of mango seed kernel inclusion in the broiler ration
replacing rice polish on the growth performance, carcass
characteristics and its economics of feeding.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study was conducted on 200 day-old commercial
broiler chicks for a period of 4 weeks. Up to 3 days, crushed
maize and ad lib water was given. On 4th day, all the chicks
were weighed individually and extremely light or heavy chicks
were rejected and the remaining chicks (200) were distributed
randomly into 5 groups of 40 chicks each. Each dietary
treatment was replicated twice. The birds were reared in deep
litter system under uniform condition of housing including
brooding, feeding, watering and other managements. All the
chicks were vaccinated as per prevailing standard protocol
and all other standard management practices were followed.
The experimental diets were formulated as per BIS (1992)
specifications. A control (T1) starter diet (23.41% CP and 2813
kcal/kg ME) was formulated without mango (Mangifera
indica) seed kernel (MSK). Other four experimental diets (T2,
 Kumar et al. / Mango seed kernel in broiler feeding

Table 1. Ingredient and nutrient composition (%) of experimental diets

Ingredient T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Maize 46.5 46.5 46.5 46.5 46.5

Soyabean meal 35 35 35 35 35
Fish meal 5 5 5 5 5
Rice polish 10 7.5 5 2.5 0
Mango seed kernel 0 2.5 5 7.5 10
Mineral mixture 1 2 2 2 2 2
Common salt 1 1 1 1 1
Vitamin Mixture2 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
Nutrient composition (%)
Crude protein 23.41 23.27 23.13 22.98 22.84
Crude fibre 3.55 3.56 3.57 3.59 3.60
Ether extract 3.92 3.81 3.70 3.6 3.50
NFE 64.26 64.70 65.14 65.57 66.01
Ash 4.86 4.66 4.46 4.26 4.06
ME (kcal/kg)3 2813 2810 2807 2803 2800
1
Mineral mixture supplied: Ca 0.55%; P 0.1%; I 0.18%; Zn 8.0%; Fe 2.5%; Cu 0.45%.
2
Vitamin mixture supplied: Vit.A 1000000 IU; Vit.D2 145000 IU; Vit.E 3250 IU;Thiamin 150 mg; Riboflavin 0.5 g; Pyridoxine 100 mg; Vit.B 12
0.1mg; Niacin 0.3mg; Calcium pantothenate 0.05g; Biotin 8.5 mg; Folic acid 120 mg in 100kg diet.
3
Calculated

T3, T4, and T5) were prepared to contain 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%,
mango seed kernel in the ration replacing rice polish (Table
1). The analyzed contents of MSK versus rice polish gave
91.20 vs 90% dry matter, 6.2 vs 12% crude protein, 10.94 vs
15.1% ether extract, 3.0 vs 11% ash, 2.6 vs 2.1% crude fibre,
77.26 vs 59.8% nitrogen free extracts, respectively. The
metabolizable energy of MSK was estimated as 3170 kcal/kg
(Pauzenga, 1985). The experiment was conducted for a period
of 4 weeks. The different feed used during the experiment and
their ingredients were analyzed for their proximate composition
as per AOAC (1990) and the results are presented in Table 1.
All the treatment rations were fed ad lib. Fresh and clean
drinking water was made available to birds at all the time.
Records were kept for weekly feed consumption as well as
weekly body weight changes. The following formulae were
used for the calculation viz. Feed intake (g/bird) = Total feed
intake by the birds in one group (g) / Total no. of birds in that
group and Feed conversion ratio = Average amount of feed
consumed (g) / Average gain in body weight (g). On the
termination of experiment 6 birds per treatment were starved
(but provide clean and fresh drinking water ad libitum) over
night, weighed (Pre slaughter weight) and slaughtered by
cutting jugular vein to allow proper bleeding. The skin and
feathers were completely removed along with both the legs
from knuckle to the hock joint. The carcass with viscera was
weighed. Again the carcass was weighed after evisceration.
The organs, i.e. gizzard, liver, heart and spleen were also weighed
separately. Ultimately eviscerated carcass along with giblet and
spleen were weighed for calculating ready to cook chicken
yield %. Economics of feeding was calculated considering the
actual purchase price of ingredients used for preparation of
rations. The data were analyzed as per procedure described by
Snedecor and Cochran (1994).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The proximate composition of MSK is given in Table
1 which shows that it is low in protein (6.2%), ether extract
(10.94%), and ash (3.0%) but higher in fiber (2.6%) and
carbohydrate fractions (77.26%) when compared with rice
polish. The MSK proximate composition conforms to reports
by Das et al. (1988) and El-Alaily et al. (1976). Increasing
trend of feed consumption was observed as the mango seed
kernel was increased in the ration. Maximum feed intake was
recorded in group assigned T5 diet (Table 2). However, the
differences were statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Feed
intake observations of the present study are in congruent to
earlier observations of Patil et al. (1982) and Patle (1980) who
found no significant differences in feed intake of birds fed
MSK at the levels of 141, 282 and 428g per kg. diets, except at
higher inclusion rate of 562.5g. It may be due to lower M.E.
content in MSK in comparison to rice polish and tendency of
chicks to balance their energy intake from diets containing
different levels of ME (El-Alaily et al., 1976).

Indian Journal of Poultry Science (2010) 45(1):46-49 / 47

Kumar et al. / Mango seed kernel in broiler feeding

Table 2. Growth performance of broilers fed different level of mango seed kernel (0-4 wks)

Treatment BW gain (g) Feed intake (g) Feed efficiency ratio Performance index

T1 1118.52±5.90 2054.66±1.08 1.84±0.005 608.90

T2 1112.03±6.65 2061.62±3.12 1.85±0.002 599.82
T3 1110.60±5.95 2073.89±15.29 1.86±0.013 594.74
T4 1110.43±5.74 2078.96 ±13.06 1.87±0.010 593.11
T5 1108.38±5.61 2095.61±11.95 1.89±0.013 586.23

Table 3. Carcass quality traits (% live weight) of broiler birds fed different levels of mango seed kernel

Carcass trait T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Dressed weight 57.56±0.18 57.64±0.10 57.64±0.13 57.57±0.09 57.59±0.02

Eviscerated weight 51.39±0.95 51.39±0.1 51.33±0.2 51.34±0.07 51.41±0.08
Ready to cook weight 54.54±0.14 54.5±0.13 54.54±0.19 54.59±0.07 54.63±0.12
Liver weight 8.69±0.03 8.56±0.082 8.72±0.06 8.66±0.04 8.66±0.039
Gizzard weight 8.84±0.04 8.79±0.04 8.85±0.04 8.85±0.03 8.79±0.04
Heart weight 3.85±0.07 3.89±0.03 3.88±0.038 3.88±0.03 3.89±0.04
Spleen weight 2.3±0.04 2.37±0.05 2.28±0.06 2.33±0.07 2.27±0.04

Table 4. Cost of feeding as influenced by the feeding of MSK to broilers

Particular T1 T2 T3 T4 T5

Cost of feed (Rs. /kg) 9.46 9.34 9.17 9.03 8.88

Average cost of feed consumed (Rs. /bird) 19.44 19.21 19.02 18.77 18.62
Feed cost (Rs. /kg BW gain) 17.39 17.28 17.14 16.91 16.81
Total input (Rs. /bird) 35.44 35.21 35.02 34.77 34.62
Net profit (Rs. /bird) 16.05 15.96 16.11 16.36 16.42
Net profit per bird over input (%) 45.29 45.34 46.01 47.05 47.43

The average body weight gain decreased with
increase in as MSK level. However, the body weight gain of
birds in all the treatment groups i.e from 0 -10% levels of
MSK was similar (P>0.05). These results agree with the
observations of earlier workers (Patle, 1980, Hussain et al.,
1976) showing no significant difference in weight gain of birds
fed 0 and 20% MSK at the expense of maize in the ration.
The average feed conversion ratio (feed/gain)
increased as the MSK levels were increased in the ration
(Table 2). Best feed efficiency among different groups was
noted in broiler fed without MSK (T1). The difference in
feed conversion ratio of different rations were found
statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Thus increasing MSK
levels in broiler diet increased the quantity of feed needed
for each unit of weight gain. These results are in agreement
with the findings of Hussain et al. (1976) and El-Alaily et al.
(1976) reported that the feed efficiency reduced as MSK
inclusion increases in the feed. The increased requirement
of feed with increase in levels of MSK may be due to
presence of tannin in MSK which decreased the utilization
of protein (Jansman et al., 1995).
The performance index (PI; BW gain 2 /feed
consumed) of broilers fed diets containing 10% MSK was
lowest but statistically non-significant (P>0.05) to other
groups. Similarly, the feed cost/kg weight gain of broilers was
lowest in group T5 (Table 4). However, statistically (P>0.05) it
was similar to other groups. This was obtained because MSK
is sold at cheaper rate than rice polish.
Average carcass qualities of broiler birds fed
different levels of mango seed kernel (Arc sin transformed
value) are presented in Table 3. Mango seed kernel inclusion
had no significant (P>0.05) influence on the dressed weight,
eviscerated weight and ready to cook chicken weight. Odunsi
and Farinu (1997) reported dressing (%) of the birds fed 0,
10, 20% MSK were 71.04, 73.3 and 71.8, respectively. The
differences reported were non significant. The inclusion of
different levels of MSK had no significant (P>0.05) effect
on weight of liver, gizzard, heart, spleen. From the result, it
can be clearly pointed out that feeding MSK up to the level

48 / Indian Journal of Poultry Science (2010) 45(1): 46-49


of 10% in the broiler ration had no adverse effect on vital
organs of the broilers. This may be the reason for similar
weight gain and feed efficiency of birds fed different levels
of MSK in the ration. Net profit per bird calculated by
subtracting total input per bird from total output per bird was
45.29, 45.34, 46.01, 47.05 and 47.43 percent of input for T1, T2,
T3, T4 and T5, respectively (Table 4).
It can be concluded that MSK can be included in the
ration of broiler chicken upto 10% without affecting the growth
performance, carcass quality and profit.
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