Hospital Staff's Risk of Developing Musculoskeletal

Disorders, Especially Low Back Pain.

- Choo Shi Ying [0344403] Ng Zhi Wei [0348618] Low Jing Yie [0344203] Kaif Razvi [0346591] -

Introduction
Hospital staff will encounter the risk of developing musculoskeletal
Problem Statement
disorders which the most common occupational health problem is low Due to the nature of their work, healthcare
back pain. This type of disorder will also lead to hospitalization among the providers are prone to experience
healthcare workers. Low back pain is the discomfort in the spinal area musculoskeletal disorder such as lower back
which is between the lower costal margins and gluteal folds.(Wheeler, pain. On this regard, hospital nurses are groups
2019) Besides, low back pain mostly occurs when muscle sprains or of healthcare workers who suffered a lot from it.
strains due to sudden movements or poor body mechanics while lifting
heavy objects. Low back pain can lead to severe diseases if not being
Objective
treated properly. To understand which areas of the
musculoskeletal system are affected by the
nature of healthcare jobs and preventive
measures that can reduce the risk of lower back
pain.

The Affected Area in Musculoskeletal System

• Spinal nerve compression, inflammation and/or injury
• Sciatic nerves lead to sciatica
• Spinal stenosis, the narrowing of the spinal column that puts pressure
on the spinal cord and nerves
• Spondylolisthesis, which happens when a vertebra of the lower spine The Anatomical Changes
slips out of place, pinching the nerves exiting the spinal column . (J. Moley, in the Affected Areas
MD, 2020) • Degenerative changes in the lumbar discs
o The ruptured and worsen collagenous
• Vertebrae, a condition called osteomyelitis annulus bundles are surrounded by
• Intervertebral discs, herniated or ruptured discs can occur when the large numbers of blood vessels which
grow between them. (Hirsch et.al
intervertebral discs become compressed and bulge outward 2009)
• Sacroiliac joints connect the lower spine to the pelvis, called sacroiliitis. • Spondylolysis (Ferrera et.al, 2016)
o Spondylo - spine
(Shiel Jr, 2021) o Lysis - divide
o Discontinuation of
existing skeletal continuity
between the body and
the laminae of the vertebra

ONE Practice in daily life as a

prevention to Low Back Pain
Seated Lower Back Rotational Stretches
• This practice can helps us to relieve pain, strengthening the lower Conclusion
back, working the core muscles. (Cadman. B, 2020) In conclusion, the areas that the
musculoskeletal system is affected are the
How to perform? spine, back bones or vertebrae, disks,
1. Sit on a chair without arms, keep the feet flat on the muscles and ligaments that support the
ground. spine. Moreover, the preventive measures
2. Twist at the core to the right, keep the hips square that can reduce the risk of lower back pain
and therefore the spine tall. are arranging proper rest periods,
3. Place the left hands on the right knee to support the maintaining a good posture and educational
stretch. programmes to teach the proper use of body
4. Hold the exercise on the left-hand side. mechanics, together with smoking cessation
5. Repeat the exercise on the left-hand side by placing programmes for staff members.
right hand to the left knee.
6. Repeat on each side 3-5 times twice each day.

Reference
• Bethany Cadman. (2020, Jan 24). How to strengthen the lower back. Retrieved May 1, 2021, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323204
• Carl Hirsch,Bo-Eric Ingelmark &Malcolme Miller. (2009, July 8). The Anatomical Basis for Low Back Pain: Studies on the presence of sensory nerve endings in ligamentous, capsular and intervertebral disc structures in the human lumbar spine. Acta
Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 33, 1963(1-4), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453676308999829
• Pellegrino Ferrara(1), Giuseppe Rinonapoli(1), Cristina Ibáñez Vicente(1), Andrea Schiavone(1), Michele Bisaccia(1), Giovanni Colleluori(1), Mattia Manni(1), Gabriele Falzarano(2), Luigi Meccariello(2), Auro Caraffa(1). (2016, September). The Anatomy
and Classification of Back Pain: General simple concept for the General medical Doctor. Canadian Open Orthopaedics and Traumatology Journal, 3(4), 15-18.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308416580_The_Anatomy_and_Classification_of_Back_Pain_General_simple_concept_for_the_General_medical_Doctor
• Peter J. Moley. (2020, Nov). Low Back Pain. Retrieved May 1, 2021, from https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/bone,-joint,-and-muscle-disorders/low-back-and-neck-pain/low-back-pain
• Shiel Jr, W. C. (2021, February 10). Low Back Pain: Exercise, Causes, Treatment, Symptoms & Diagnosis. MedicineNet. https://www.medicinenet.com/low_back_pain/article.htm
• Wheeler, T. (2019a). A Visual Guide to Low Back Pain. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/back-pain/ss/slideshow-low-back-pain-overview