Green University of Bangladesh

Course: Production and Operations Management

Course Code: BUS-302

Prepared For
MR. MOHAMMAD TAMZID
Assistant Professor
Green Business School
Green University of Bangladesh

Prepared by:
Green Business School
Green University of Bangladesh
Name Id
Diptimoi Tripura 163006004
1 ) Answer: Developing manufacturing process structuring with
appropriate examples-
Process manufacturing
Process manufacturing is a production method that creates goods by
combining supplies, ingredients or raw materials using a formula or
recipe. It is frequently used in industries that produce bulk quantities of
goods, such as food, beverages, refined oil, gasoline, pharmaceuticals,
chemicals and plastics. The production process often requires a thermal
or chemical conversion, such as with heat, time or pressure. As a result,
a product created through process manufacturing cannot be
disassembled into its constituent parts. For example, once it is produced,
a soft drink cannot be broken down into its separate ingredients.

Types of manufacturing processes

Within the manufacturing industry, various processes are used -- in
addition to process and discrete manufacturing -- to determine how a
company will produce its products. The three other common
manufacturing processes include:

 repetitive manufacturing (REM)

 job shop manufacturing
 3-D printing

Repetitive manufacturing is used for repeated production that is

committed to a specific production rate. The process is made up of
dedicated production lines that continuously create the same product, or
collection of products, year-round. Setup requirements are minimal and
there is little changeover, so operation speeds can be adjusted to meet
customer demands and requirements.
Job shop manufacturing uses production areas instead of assembly or
production lines and focuses on producing smaller amounts of custom
products, including made-to-order (MTO) and made-to-stock (MTS)
goods. If customer demand increases, then the operation adapts and
becomes a discrete process with selected manual operations being
replaced by automated equipment.

3D printing -- also known as additive manufacturing -- is the newest

manufacturing process. Although it was first conceived in the 1980s, it
has only recently been introduced into production cycles. The 3D
printing process produces goods from various composites and materials,
building layers to create a three-dimensional solid object from a digital
model.

Examples of process manufacturing

Some of the top process manufacturing markets include:

 food and beverage

 oil and gas
 pharmaceuticals
 personal care and cosmetics
 plastics
 metals

Beer brewing is one example of process manufacturing in the food and

beverage industry. Key ingredients in beer making include grains, malt,
hops, yeast and sugar; various recipes are available to guide the process.
The basic steps include, first, steeping the grains in boiling water, then
the adding malt along with specific quantities of hops -- depending on
the type of beer being brewed -- and sugar. This mixture creates the
worth, or the liquid that contains the sugars that will be fermented by the
yeast to produce alcohol. Once the word has been created, it is added to
water with yeast and left to ferment for an extended period. Once the
fermentation is complete, the beer can be bottled; this end product
cannot be broken down into its constituent parts.

2 ) Answer: How can we convert goods into service and a service into
goods

Milking out profits merely from products isn’t how it used to be. Today,
consumers have access to enough choices, thanks to the Internet and
global distribution. Good for them, but not so great for the rest of us,
selling those products. Companies are beginning to see that products only
get us so far, whereas services are the future. The most innovative
companies have begun to understand that even while selling a product,
what they’re doing is selling the function it provides. Now, you might
understand this, but it’s quite another thing to use that knowledge to
reinvent into a real service-based business model.

The rise of the service industry left many product-based companies

struggling, which had trouble breaking into the service sector. The
Internet of Things evened the playing field. Today, thanks to smart
technologies, it’s easy to see how a kitchen appliance, a pair of boots, or
even a cricket bat can provide a service. Now, the money maker is no
longer the product, the microwave or bats itself, it’s the service behind
the product. Companies are actually selling the service or use that the
product was purchased for. This way the product starts to turn into an
ancillary means to an end. You ask your customers how many times a
month they want their lawn mowed, not what kind of lawnmower they
are looking for. The giants in manufacturing are moving in this direction.
Companies that operate off this service model won’t have to keep re-
selling a product to users. This doesn’t just lighten the sales load. It also
means recurring revenue streams, better it and stronger customer
relationships.
3)