Related Rates

Mathematics 53

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman)

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 For today

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 For today

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 Related Rates

Consider a still pond.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 4/1

 Related Rates

Consider a still pond.

Dropping a stone on the pond creates
ripples.

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 Related Rates

Consider a still pond.

Dropping a stone on the pond creates
ripples.
The ripples are composed of circles
increasing in size as time passes.

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 Related Rates

Consider a still pond.

Dropping a stone on the pond creates
ripples.
The ripples are composed of circles
increasing in size as time passes.
The areas and the radii of the circles
both increase and are related to each
other.

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 Related Rates

Consider a still pond.

Dropping a stone on the pond creates
ripples.
The ripples are composed of circles
increasing in size as time passes.
The areas and the radii of the circles
both increase and are related to each
other.
If we know how fast the radius
increases, we can determine how fast
the areas of the circles are changing.

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 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Problem on related rates

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Problem on related rates

problem involving rates of change of several variables where one
variable is dependent on another

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Problem on related rates

problem involving rates of change of several variables where one
variable is dependent on another

e.g.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Problem on related rates

problem involving rates of change of several variables where one
variable is dependent on another

e.g. Suppose y is dependent on x.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 5/1

 Related Rates

Let x be a quantity that is a function of time t.

dx
=⇒ = rate of change of x with respect to t
dt

Problem on related rates

problem involving rates of change of several variables where one
variable is dependent on another

e.g. Suppose y is dependent on x.

dy dx
=⇒ is dependent on
dt dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 >0
dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 > 0 if the value of x increases as the value of t increases
dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 > 0 if the value of x increases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
2 <0
dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 > 0 if the value of x increases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
2 < 0 if the value of x decreases as the value of t increases
dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 > 0 if the value of x increases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
2 < 0 if the value of x decreases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
3 =0
dt

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 Related Rates

Note:

dx
1 > 0 if the value of x increases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
2 < 0 if the value of x decreases as the value of t increases
dt

dx
3 = 0 if the value of x remains constant as the value of t increases
dt

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 Suggestions in solving problems involving related rates:

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 Suggestions in solving problems involving related rates:

1 Let t denote the elapsed time. If possible, draw a diagram of the problem
that is valid for any time t > 0.
2 Select variables to represent the quantities that change with respect to time.
Label those quantities whose values do not depend on t with their given
constant values.
3 Write down any numerical facts known about the variables. Interpret each
rate of change as the derivative of a variable with respect to time.
4 Identify what is being asked.
5 Write an equation relating the variables that is valid at all time t > 0.
6 Differentiate the equation in (5) implicitly with respect to t.
7 Substitute in the equation obtained in (6) all values that are valid at the
particular time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.
8 Write a conclusion that answers the question of the problem. Do not forget
to include the correct units of measurement.

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 Related Rates

Example
A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the
ladder is being pulled horizontally towards the wall at 2 m/s, how fast is
the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 6 meters from the wall?

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 Related Rates

Example
A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the
ladder is being pulled horizontally towards the wall at 2 m/s, how fast is
the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 6 meters from the wall?

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 8/1

 Related Rates

Example
A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the
ladder is being pulled horizontally towards the wall at 2 m/s, how fast is
the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 6 meters from the wall?

Solution.

Let t denote the elapsed time. If

possible, draw a diagram of the
problem that is valid for any time
t > 0.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 8/1

 Related Rates

Example
A ladder 10 meters long is leaning against a wall. If the bottom of the
ladder is being pulled horizontally towards the wall at 2 m/s, how fast is
the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 6 meters from the wall?

Solution.

Let t denote the elapsed time. If

possible, draw a diagram of the
problem that is valid for any time
t > 0.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 8/1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 9/1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Select variables to represent the

quantities that change with
respect to time. Label those
quantities whose values do not
depend on t with their given
constant values.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 9/1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Select variables to represent the

quantities that change with
respect to time. Label those
quantities whose values do not
depend on t with their given
constant values.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Write down any numerical facts

known about the variables.
Interpret each rate of change as
the derivative of a variable with
respect to time.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 10 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Write down any numerical facts

known about the variables.
Interpret each rate of change as
the derivative of a variable with
respect to time.

dx
= −2 m/s
dt

negative since x decreases as

time goes on

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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Identify what is being asked.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Identify what is being asked.

dy
Find when x = 6 m.
dt

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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Write an equation relating the

variables that is valid at all time
t > 0.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Write an equation relating the

variables that is valid at all time
t > 0.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 12 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Write an equation relating the

variables that is valid at all time
t > 0.

Using the Pythagorean Theorem:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 12 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Write an equation relating the

variables that is valid at all time
t > 0.

Using the Pythagorean Theorem:

x2 + y 2 = 100

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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.
Differentiate the equation implicitly with respect to t.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 13 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Differentiate the equation implicitly with respect to t.

x2 + y 2 = 100

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 Related Rates

Solution.
Differentiate the equation implicitly with respect to t.

x2 + y 2 = 100
Dt [x2 + y 2 ] = Dt [100]

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 13 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Differentiate the equation implicitly with respect to t.

x2 + y 2 = 100
Dt [x2 + y 2 ] = Dt [100]
dx dy
2x + 2y = 0
dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 13 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Differentiate the equation implicitly with respect to t.

x2 + y 2 = 100
Dt [x2 + y 2 ] = Dt [100]
dx dy
2x + 2y = 0
dt dt
dy x dx
= −
dt y dt

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

x2 + y 2 = 100

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =−
dt y dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt

At x = 6:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt
√
At x = 6: y= 100 − 62 = 8

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt
√
At x = 6: y= 100 − 62 = 8
dy 
∴
dt x=6,y=8


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 14 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt
√
At x = 6: y= 100 − 62 = 8
dy  6
∴ = − · (−2)
dt x=6,y=8 8


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 Related Rates

Solution.
Substitute in the equation obtained all values that are valid at the particular
time of interest. Solve for what is being asked.

dy x dx dx
x2 + y 2 = 100 =− = −2
dt y dt dt
√
At x = 6: y= 100 − 62 = 8
dy  6 3
∴ = − · (−2) =
dt x=6,y=8 8 2


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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Write a conclusion that answers

the question of the problem. Do
not forget to include the correct
units of measurement.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 15 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Write a conclusion that answers

the question of the problem. Do
not forget to include the correct
units of measurement.

∴ The top of the ladder is moving

3
at the rate of m/s when the
2
bottom of the ladder is 6 meters
from the wall.

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 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?

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 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?
Solution.

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 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?
Solution.

x = distance of the automobile from

the intersection

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 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?
Solution.

x = distance of the automobile from

the intersection
y = distance of the truck from the
intersection

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 16 / 1

 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?
Solution.

x = distance of the automobile from

the intersection
y = distance of the truck from the
intersection
z = distance between the truck and
the automobile

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 16 / 1

 Related Rates
Example
An automobile traveling at a rate of 20 ft/s is approaching an intersection.
When the automobile is 100 ft. from the intersection, a truck traveling at
the rate of 40 ft/s crosses the intersection. The automobile and the truck
are on roads that are at right angles to each other. How fast are the truck
and the automobile separating 2 seconds after the truck leaves the
intersection?
Solution.

x = distance of the automobile from

the intersection
y = distance of the truck from the
intersection
z = distance between the truck and
the automobile

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 16 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt
dy
= 40 ft/s
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt
dy
= 40 ft/s
dt
After 2 seconds,

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt
dy
= 40 ft/s
dt
After 2 seconds,
−→ x = 60 ft

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt
dy
= 40 ft/s
dt
After 2 seconds,
−→ x = 60 ft
−→ y = 80 ft

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 17 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

dx
= −20 ft/s
dt
dy
= 40 ft/s
dt
After 2 seconds,
−→ x = 60 ft
−→ y = 80 ft
dz
Find when x = 60 ft and y = 80 ft.
dt

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 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

dx
2x
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

dx dy
2x + 2y
dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

dx dy dz
2x + 2y = 2z
dt dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

dx dy dz
2x + 2y = 2z
dt dt dt
dz
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

At any time t,

x2 + y 2 = z 2 .

=⇒ Dt x2 + y 2 = Dt z 2
   

dx dy dz
2x + 2y = 2z
dt dt dt
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y
dt z dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 18 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

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 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y
dt z dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt

• x = 60, y = 80

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802 = 100

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802 = 100

dz 
dt x=60,y=80,z=100


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802 = 100

dz  1  
= 60(−20) + 80 · 40
dt x=60,y=80,z=100 100


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802 = 100

dz  1  
= 60(−20) + 80 · 40 = 20
dt x=60,y=80,z=100 100


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
dz 1  dx dy 
= x +y x2 + y 2 = z 2
dt z dt dt
√
• x = 60, y = 80 =⇒ z= 602 + 802 = 100

dz  1  
= 60(−20) + 80 · 40 = 20
dt x=60,y=80,z=100 100


∴ The truck and the automobile are separating at the rate of 20 ft/s.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 19 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Let V = volume at any time t;

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Let V = volume at any time t;

h, r = height and radius at any
time t

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Let V = volume at any time t;

h, r = height and radius at any
time t

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Let V = volume at any time t;

h, r = height and radius at any
time t

dV
=⇒ = 8 ft3 /min
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
Water is pouring into an inverted cone at the rate of 8 cubic feet per
minute. If the height of the cone is 12 feet and the radius of its base is 6
feet, how fast is the water level rising when the water is 4 feet deep?

Solution.

Let V = volume at any time t;

h, r = height and radius at any
time t

dV
=⇒ = 8 ft3 /min
dt

dh
Find when h = 4 ft.
dt
Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 20 / 1
 Related Rates
Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
Volume of a cone:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt
∗ Express r in terms of h.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt
∗ Express r in terms of h.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt
∗ Express r in terms of h.

Using similar triangles,

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt
∗ Express r in terms of h.

Using similar triangles,

r 6
=
h 12

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.
1
Volume of a cone: V = πr2 h
3
dr
We do not have information about .
dt
∗ Express r in terms of h.

Using similar triangles,

r 6
=
h 12
h
∴ r= at any time t.
2

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 21 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
1 2
=⇒ V = πr h
3

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h
=⇒ V = πr h = π h
3 3 2

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates
Solution.  2
1 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr2 h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

1
V = πh3
12

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1
Dt [V ] = Dt πh3
12

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1
Dt [V ] = Dt πh3
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1
Dt [V ] = Dt πh3
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 4 dV
=
dt πh2 dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1
Dt [V ] = Dt πh3
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 4 dV
=
dt πh2 dt
dh 

=⇒
dt h=4


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1
Dt [V ] = Dt πh3
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 4 dV
=
dt πh2 dt
dh  4
=⇒ = ·8
dt h=4 π(4)2


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1 3
Dt [V ] = Dt πh
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 4 dV
=
dt πh2 dt
dh  4 2
=⇒ = 2
·8=
dt h=4 π(4) π


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1

 Related Rates

Solution.
 2
1 2 1 h 1
=⇒ V = πr h = π h= πh3
3 3 2 12

 
1 3
Dt [V ] = Dt πh
12
dV 1 2 dh
= πh
dt 4 dt
dh 4 dV
=
dt πh2 dt
dh  4 2
=⇒ = 2
·8=
dt h=4 π(4) π


2
∴ Water level is rising at the rate of ft/min when the water is 4 ft deep.
π
Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 22 / 1
 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?
Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?
Solution.

x = x-coordinate of the particle

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?
Solution.

x = x-coordinate of the particle

y = y-coordinate of the particle

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?
Solution.

x = x-coordinate of the particle

y = y-coordinate of the particle
s = distance of the particle from the
origin

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Related Rates

Example
√
A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes
through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at the rate of 3 cm/s.
How fast is the distance from the particle to the origin changing at this
instant?
Solution.

x = x-coordinate of the particle

y = y-coordinate of the particle
s = distance of the particle from the
origin

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 23 / 1

 Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
What we know:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


What we want to find:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

s=

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2
dy
Missing rate: .
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2
dy
Missing rate: . Express y in terms of x.
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2
dy
Missing rate: . Express y in terms of x.
dt
√
y= x

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2
dy
Missing rate: . Express y in terms of x.
dt
√
y= x

Therefore,

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.
dx 
What we know: = 3 cm/s
dt x=4,y=2


ds 
What we want to find:
dt x=4,y=2


Equation relating the variables:

p p
s = (x − 0)2 + (y − 0)2 = x2 + y 2
dy
Missing rate: . Express y in terms of x.
dt
√
y= x

Therefore,
√
s= x2 + x

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 24 / 1

 Solution.

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds
=
dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1
= √
dt 2 x2 + x

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1
= √ · (2x + 1)
dt 2 x2 + x

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Evaluating at the instant when x = 4:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Evaluating at the instant when x = 4:

ds 1

= p · 2(4) + 1 · 3
dt 2 (4)2 + 4

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Evaluating at the instant when x = 4:

√
ds 1
27 5
= p · 2(4) + 1 · 3 =
dt 2 (4)2 + 4 20

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Evaluating at the instant when x = 4:

√
ds 1
27 5
= p · 2(4) + 1 · 3 =
dt 2 (4)2 + 4 20

Conclusion:

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 Solution.
Differentiating both sides in terms of t:
hp i
Dt [s] = Dt x2 + x
ds 1 dx
= √ · (2x + 1) ·
dt 2 x2 + x dt

Evaluating at the instant when x = 4:

√
ds 1
27 5
= p · 2(4) + 1 · 3 =
dt 2 (4)2 + 4 20

Conclusion:
The
√distance of the particle from the origin is changing at the rate of
27 5
cm/s at the instant when the particle is at the point (4, 2).
20

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 25 / 1

 * * * The End * * *

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 26 / 1

 Problem.
Gravel is being dumped from a conveyor belt at a rate of 30 cubic feet per
minute so that it forms a pile in the shape of a cone whose height and base
diameter are always equal. How fast is the height of the pile increasing
when the pile is 10 feet high?

Institute of Mathematics (UP Diliman) Related Rates Mathematics 53 27 / 1