Senior High School

Contemporary
Philippine Arts from
the Regions
Grade 11/12 Module 5:
Significance of Arts from the Regions
CPAR – Grade 11-12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Module 5: Significance of Arts from the Regions
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Herwin S. Gatdula
Editors: Mrs. Amalia T. Solis, EPS
Content Reviewer: Angeli B. Urbano
Language Reviewer: Fatima Vergara
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Malcolm S. Garma, Regional Director
Genia V. Santos, CLMD Chief
Dennis M. Mendoza, Regional EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Regional ADM Coordinator
Maria Magdalena M. Lim, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Aida H. Rondilla, CID Chief
Lucky S. Carpio, Division EPS in Charge of LRMS and
Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region NCR

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
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E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
 SHS

Contemporary
Philippine Arts
from the Regions
Module 5:
Significance of Arts from the Regions
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Contemporary Arts from the Regions 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Significance of Arts from the Regions.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the CPAR 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Significance
of Arts from the Regions!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

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 What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

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 References This is a list of all sources used in developing
this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the significance of arts from the regions. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into two lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Significance of Arts Forms from the Regions
A. Most Essential Learning Competency:
Compares and relates the significance of arts forms from the
regions(CAR11/12CAP-Oc-e-8)
After going through this module, you are expected to:
B. Specific Objectives
Cognitive
1. Identify the various contemporary art forms and practices from various regions
2. Classify various art forms found in the Philippines
Affective

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1. Show creativity and resourcefulness in making an artwork by using appropriate
materials that can be found in their locality
2. Appreciate the beauty and richness of Filipino arts.
Psychomotor
1. Design an artwork using available materials and appropriate techniques
2. Create a simple final product using appropriate local materials

What I Know

I. Directions: Read and analyze each sentence. Box the letter of the best
answer.
1. It refers to paper maché using carved wooden sculpture as mold. This craft
originated in the town of Paete, Laguna.
A. Taka C. Singkaban
B. Okir D. Saniculas Cookie

2. It is a traditional dance which originated from Leyte where the dancers

imitate the movement of the tikling bird.
A. Kappa Malong-Malong C. Itik-itik
B. Pantomina D. Tinikling

3. It is a Maranao music that is used in special ceremonies such as weddings,

feasts and enthroning rites.
A. Kulintang C. Rondalla
B. Gandingan D. Diwdiw

4. It consists of 127 human and animal figures engraved on the rock wall
which was probably carved during the late new stone age that can be found in
Angono, Rizal
A. Tatto C. Sarimanok
B. Petroglyphs D. Binakul

5. This jar is a national treasure in the Philippines and was found in the
chamber of the Tabon cave, the other jar found in the caves of Palawan.
A. Ittoyom C. Immosso
B. Oppaya D. Manunggul

Lesson Significance of Arts Forms

1 from the Regions

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Art is the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination, typically
in a visual form such as sculpture and painting. It is also something that is made
through imagination and skill and expresses important ideas or feelings. Artworks
can be appreciated primarily for their aesthetic or emotional power.

In different regions in the Philippines, visual art is everywhere, as long as there are
available resources, imagination and creativity. Philippines has rich natural
resources that produce indigenous materials. These are materials that are naturally
and locally found in a specific place such as timbers, palms, rattan, clay and rattan.
Since that the country is an archipelago, other indigenous raw materials such as
capiz, pearls, corals and seashells are all available because the Philippines is
naturally abundant in beaches and marine resources.

Performing arts in the Philippines is very evident even before colonizers came in our
country. There are many variations of dances and music, both ceremonial and
traditional that are performed for many different occasions.

Art has had a great number of different functions throughout history. It has different
reasons for being created. In this lesson, you will determine the “Filipino-ness” of a
work of art. It will also be discussed the significant foundation and history of
contemporary visual arts from the different regions in the Philippines. Learners are
also expected to design and create a simple artwork that represents your locality.

What’s In

Direction: Answer the question below into 2-3 sentences.

What makes Philippine Art “Filipino”?

What’s New

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Activity 1: Direction: Analyze the painting below then complete the graphic
organizer by providing the best concept.

Purpose of the Painting

First Mass at Limasawa
By: Botong Francisco

Impact on Society

Reference: https://fartdot.wordpress.com/2018/03/07/
the-500-years-of-christianity-in-the-philippines/

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 What is It

According to Joan Brown, art reflects the culture of the time. It also serves as mirror
of society and life. It captures the essence and importance of things that exist in a
society. Art is very important for any group of people as it plays an important role in
preserving the culture of the society. Art in most cases, symbolizes the resources,
tradition, belief and way of life of a group of people and it is shared among them.

The arts of the Philippines reflect a society with diverse cultural influences and
traditions so it should be given importance by knowing and appreciating its
foundation, history and purpose.

For you to understand more about the lesson, let us define the following words:
A. Contemporary Art According to Wikipedia.org,
contemporary art is the art of today and
produced in the second half of the 20th
century or in the 21st century.
Contemporary artists work in a globally
influenced, culturally diverse, and
technologically advanced world.
Contemporary art in most cases, defined
as art that has been and continuous to
be created during our lifetime.
(widewall.ch)
For example: The artist is using different
computer software on his/her artwork.
B. Art Technique Art techniques refer to the manner and
ability in which an artist employs the
technical skills of a particular art or field
of endeavor. It is the artist’s skill or ability
to apply procedures or methods so as to
effect a desired result. (dictionary.com)
For example: The artist is using different
indigenous materials on his/her artwork.
C. Performance Practices Based from the definition given by
dictionary.onmusic.org, performance
practice applied to musical techniques
employee in musical genres during
specific musical eras. Quite often,
performance practice refers to techniques
that are implied, and not written or
notated.

Contemporary Philippine Art

The art of the Philippines refers to the works of art that have developed and
accumulated in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up
to the present era. According to Santos (2016), in Philippine art as in its culture, one
notes the various shades, lines, and tones, and even the contrasting characters that
have been absorbed and blended into new forms that are particularly Filipino

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http://www.artesdelasfilipinas.com/archives/17/the-angono-petrog,
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/460352393152194850/, http://mapeh7.blogspot.com/2015/01/philippine-
paintings_19.html

Sculpture and Painting

Era Description Technique
Pre- Filipinos are very creative Ancient Filipinos used stone, wood,
Spanish before Spanish came in the gold and clay as materials in sculpture.
Period Philippines. It is very evident Most subjects in this era were all about
that ancient Filipinos were idols, nature, status and way of life.
good in arts. When Spaniards
arrived in the Philippines in
1521, the colonizers used
painting and sculpture as tools
to propagate the Catholic faith
through beautiful images.

The ancient Filipinos had

attained a high artistic level of
sculpture through pottery,
jewelry and wood carving.
Examples
Title of the Description/Technique Image
Artwork
Bul-uls Bul-uls are carved statues
or anitos figures of the Ifugaos.
It is used in ceremonies
associated with rice production
and with healing. The bul-uls
has a simplified form, and it is
traditionally carved from narra
or ipil woods or sometimes Photo:https://www.the-saleroom.com/en-
gb/auction-catalogues/mossgreen-
stone. auctions/catalogue-id-srmos10030/lot-690bc773-
cf0e-4ed1-9532-a4dd00e774bd
Hagabi The Hagabi of the Ifugaos is
a long wooden bench made of
Narra or Ipil placed under the
eaves in the stone-paved yard
that surrounds the house. It
signifies an individual or
family’s wealth and prestige.
Only rich people can have this
Photo:https://www.auctionzip.com/auction-
chair with the rituals lot/Exceptional-Ifugao-Prestige-Bench-
Hagabi_8774CDDB29/

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 celebrated after the chair has
been made.

Sarimanok Sarimanok is also known as

papanok. It is a legendary bird
of the Maranao people from
Mindanao. Usually, sarimanok
is made of copper or wood.
According to a folk belief of the
Maranao people which was
derived from Islamic traditions,
the sarimanok was said to be a
giant rooster which prophet
Muhammad encountered in
Photo:https://www.pinterest.ph/jaglass4/sarimanok
heaven. /

Okir Okir or okil is the term for

geometric and flowing plant-
based and folk motifs that can
be usually found among the
Moro and Lumad people of the
Southern Philippines. The okir
design is found woven or
printed in textiles, carved into
wooden cemetery markers and
wooden boxes, and it can also
be found etched into sword
blades and handles. Okir is a
design or pattern often
rendered or curved in
Photo:https://tugayaartefactsblog.wordpress.com/2
hardwood, brass, silver and 014/03/18/the-okir-motif-an-art-of-maranao-
wall painting in curvilinear depicting-their-culture-and-society/
lines and Arabic geometric
figures

Era Description Technique

Spanish The Spanish colonization of During this period, indigenous materials
Period up the Philippines from 1565 to were still used in sculpture but ivory and
to the 1898 brought about profound marble were introduced.
Present changes in the life and arts of
the Filipinos. Although some
indigenous arts form survived,
new forms, techniques and
materials from Europe
gradually became the
dominant culture.
The carving of anito, images of
the native religion, was
replaced by the carving of
Santos and images of Christ.

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Title of the Description/Technique
Artwork

The Higantes are giant paper

Higantes of maché images measuring four
Angono, to five feet in diameter and ten
Rizal to twelve feet in height. It was
said that it was started during
the Spanish colonial times. It
was borrowed to Kampong of
Binangonan that was once a
hacienda and ruled by Spanish
hacienderos.
The Angono land tillers way
of protesting their struggle by Photo:
making a giant effigy of their https://news.mb.com.ph/2016/11/19
landlords whose hands are /angono-holds-higantes-festival
usually high up on their waist.
The annual fiesta of Angono
held every 23rd of November.
The The name “Paete” is derived
Sculptures from the Tagalog word paet,
of Paete, which means chisel. Paete
Laguna woodcarving has been a
thriving industry since the
Spanish era until now.
Paetenians continue their
centuries old tradition of
carving. Many descendants of
these artisans have found a Photo:https://lorenzocafebar.co
niche in the culinary world. Ice m/#paete-laguna-sculptures-
sculptures and vegetable and paete-city-philippines-hd-
wallpapers-and-s
fruit carvings done be
Paetenians.
The Taka Taka refers to paper maché
of Paete made using carved wooden
sculpture used as a mold. The
craft originated in the town of
Paete, Laguna. A takaan is a
carved wooden sculpture used
as a mold in making taka.
Common and traditional
subjects of taka include
animals like horse, chicken,
carabao and maiden.
Christmas key figures like Photo:
Santa Clause, Rudolph the http://monyekako.blogspot.com/2008/09/paetes-
papier-mache-dolls.html
Reindeer are some of the
designs.

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 Giant The parol of star lantern is
Lantern of perhaps the paramount of
Pampanga Filipino Christmas symbol. The
Christmas lantern or Parul
Sampernandun in
Kapampangan can never be
distanced from the town
created it, the City of San
Fernando. This tradition
gradually evolved as the
lanterns became bigger and the
designs became more intricate.
From bamboo to papel de
hapon, it was in 1931 that
electricity was introduced to Photo:
https://cityofsanfernando.gov.ph/forfernandinos/ne
the San Fernando lantern, wsinfo/449
thus sparking the birth of the
first Giant Lantern Festival.
Saniculas The cookie has intricate
Cookie embroidered-like design that
Mold was shaped in a hand carved
Carvings of wooden mold creates a
Pampanga beautiful unique Panecillos de
San Nicolas. This saint is
known as “the healer” and is
the go-to saint for those who
need “healing” from illnesses.
The molds are an exceptional Photo:
piece of folk art and a rarity. http://mangankapampangan.com/index.htm/?page_
id=920
Singkaban Singkaban is a Filipino
or Bamboo word for decorated bamboo
Art arch used as a welcome
signage of a town, city, or
village in the country. It is
widely used as decoration
during town fiestas in Bulacan.
It is the art of shaving bamboo
into artful creations.
Singkaban festival is an
annual provincial event of Photo:
https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/philippine
Bulacan. -daily-inquirer-1109/20170504/282054801936211
Pabalat or The pabalat or borlas de
Borlas de pastillas in bulacan are
Pastillas of wrapped with decorative
Bulacan wrappers. Through the years,
the “pabalat” making in
Bulacan has transformed from
a local, folk tradition into a
popular art. Besides adding
flair to the sweet pastillas de
leche made from fresh carabao
milk, the pabalat has also
become a compelling symbol of

12
 the people ‘s creativity, not only Photo:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/7405608@N05/3807
of the town of San Miguel but 4277472
the entire province of Bulacan.

The Puni or Puni is a tagalog term from

Palm Leaf the province of Bulacan which
of Bulacan means to beautify or decorate
with the use of coconut leaf. It
also refers to the art of coconut
leaf. Coconut leaves are
fashioned by folding, plaiting,
braiding and simple weaving,
which may have functional as
well as aesthetic. Puni can be
used as toys, bags, baskets,
and palaspas. Photo:
https://www.facebook.com/pg/punidemalolosleaffol
dingart/photos/

Fill me out!
Choose one sculpture then complete table B and S (Background and
Significance) regarding to the Philippine Sculpture.

B-stands for background, it refers to your understanding on Philippine sculpture.

S-stands for significance, it pertains to the significance of the sculpture to the region.

Sculpture Background Significance

Painting
Era Description/Technique
Pre-Spanish The ancient Filipinos had
expressed paintings through
cave carvings and tattoos.

Petroglyphs These are carved found in

Angono, Rizal. It consists of
127 human and animal
figures engraved on the rock
wall probably carved during Photo: https://golflifeatbp.wordpress.com/2014/04
/23/angono-petroglyphs/
the late new stone age.

Tattoos The Pintados (from

Spanish word Pintado
meaning painted)
inhabitants of the Visayan

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 islands as described by the
first Spaniards to set eyes
upon them. The men are
known for their tattoo art,
which covers most of their
bodies. They apply the
tattoos by pricking the skin
with sharp pieces of iron and
then applying black powder
to the open wounds which is Photo:
absorbed into the skin https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/46380046160324454
2/
permanently.

Spanish Artistic paintings were

16th Century introduced to the Philippines
in the 16th century when
Religious Spanish came to the country.
Paintings During this period, the
Spanish used paintings as
religious propaganda to
spread Christianity
throughout the Philippines.
As a result, religious
paintings and the creation of
icons were strongly Baby Jesus and Virgin Mary with Sta Monica and St
Augustine
encouraged.
Photo:https://www.123rf.com/photo_20658018_16t
h-century-painting-of-baby-jesus-and-virgin-mary-
with-sta-monica-and-st-augustine-inside-a-
philip.html

19th Century In the early 19th century,

rich, educated Filipinos
Landscapes introduced more secular
Filipino art causing art in the
Philippines to deviate from
religious motifs. The use of
watercolor paintings
increased and the subject
matter of paintings began to
include landscapes. Spoliarium
Photo:https://spokenvision.com/juan-luna-19th-
century-filipino-painter

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 World War II According to Art of the
Philippines (2016), World
War II era, some painters
focused their artwork on the
effects of war, including war
scenes, destruction, and the
suffering of Filipino people.

A Filipino Guerrillia Patrol Attacks

Photo:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/16888505476318035
3/

Contemporay Paintings that are

Period produced at the present
period of time is called
contemporary art. It is
considered contemporary
because the styles and ways
of making art veered from
that traditional art. Artists
started experimenting on
different techniques and
different ways of expressing
their emotions, views, ideas, Fishermen by Ang Kiukok
and other things that they Photo:http://www.artnet.com/artists/ang-
wanted to express. kiukok/fishermen-6FihTVF6ZkOBs-M-_5Urcw2

Analyze the Changes!

Using the graphic organizer below, summarize and analyze the changes in
Philippine painting.

1.

History of
4. Philippine 2.
Painting

3.

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Weaving
Era Description/Technique
Pre- Philippine weaving
Spanish involves many threads being
measured, cut, and mounted
on a wooden platform. The
threads are dyed and weaved
on a loom. Before Spanish
colonization, native Filipinos
weaved using fibers from
abaca, cotton, and bark cloth.
Textiles, clothes, rugs, and
hats were weaved.

Pinilian A type of binakul weave

Blanket that means “chosen” and
of uses a complicated brocade
Ilocos weave where sticks are
inserted on chosen warp
threads. These create designs
that “float” on the threads, Photo:http://philippine-
giving the weave a three- made.blogspot.com/2010/08/pinilian-blanket.html

dimension quality.

Ikat of A resist-dyeing technique

Ifugao that is applied to the cotton
yarns prior to weaving the
fabric. The yarn is wrapped in
bundles and dyed, then areas
that are tied together leave
colorless patches along the Photo:https://www.indoindians.com/the-story-of-ikat-the-
strands. A mix of indigenous ties-that-bind-and-weave-into-a-beautiful-fuzzy-tapestry/
plants is used as natural dyes
and boiled until the desired
color of black or grey is
achieved.

T’nalak T’nalak, is a weaving

of tradition people of South
T’boli Cotobato. T’nalak cloth are
woven from abaca fibers. The
traditional female weavers are
known as dream weavers,
because the pattern of the Photo: https://www.erincanoy.com/project/one-weave-one-
T’nalak cloth are inspired by dream/
their dreams

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 Tabih Mabal is the Blaan term
of the for abaca weaving process.
Blaan Tabih is the term for the
finished hand woven cloth
and it also refers to the
traditional Blaan tubular
skirt. Natural dyes from
endemic plant species in the Photo:https://www.facebook.com/MabalTabih/photos/rtist-
community are the source of yabing-dulodesign-tabih-aftarangdimension-24-inches-x-63-
colors for different designs of inches-half-lengt/628755347290252/
this indigenous textile

I want to do it!
You are given a chance to design a pattern, draw a pattern that will represent
your personality. Explain your answer briefly.

_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________

Pottery
Era Description/Technique
Pre-Spanish According to Art of the
Philippines (2016), native
Filipinos created pottery
since 3500 years ago. They
used these ceramic jars to
hold the deceased. Other
pottery that used to hold
the remains of the
deceased were decorated
with anthropomorphic
designs. During the new
stone age or Neolithic
period of the country,
pottery was made for water
vessels, plates, cups, and
for many other uses. The
first step in manufacture
pots is the acquisition of
the starting material, clay.
The clay is then pounded,
added with enough
amount of water, to reach
the wanted flexibility, and
placed in a rotating plate.

17
 Neolithic
Period

Manunggul This was used for

Jar burial, topped with two
figures. It is a national
treasure of the Philippines.
The jar was found in the
chamber of the Tabon cave,
the other jar found in the
caves of Palawan.

Manuggul Jar
Photo:https://365greatpinoystuff.wordpress.com/2010/07/04/185-manunggul-jar/

Kalinga The Kalinga pottery is

Pottery divided into three types:
1. Ittoyom: used for rice
cooking.

2. Oppaya: used in cooking

vegetable and meat.

3. Immosso: used as water

storage.
Kalinga Pottery

Photo:https://www.slideshare.net/lirionikka/cordillera-
administrative-region-53840660

Contemporary As technology
Period advances, it seems as if
crafts such as pottery
would become one of the
first endangered arts.
Philippine pottery has
evolved from ritual and
community wares to highly
sophisticated and elegant
artistic pieces with a Modern Pottery
variety of shape, designs,
Photo:http://benjielayug.com/2015/04/philippine-
and uses of glazes. ceramics-and-crafts-arts-tiwi-albay.html

18
Let me share!
Choose one pottery design that you think is the most important part of our
culture. Explain your answer briefly.

Pottery Design Importance to the

culture

Philippine

Culture

Architecture
Era Description/Technique
Pre-Spanish According to Santos
(2016), The basic form of
architecture in the country
before Spanish came was
governed by the building’s
functional uses as shelter
and by the materials
available. Early Filipinos had
no formal training in the
basic forms of design and yet
were able to create something
valid and functional. A style
which exists to this day.

Bahay Kubo Nipa huts were the native

or Nipa Hut houses of the indigenous
people of the Philippines
before the Spaniards arrived.
They were designed to endure
the climate and environment
of the Philippines. These
structures were temporary,
made from plant materials
like bamboo. The
accessibility of the materials
Bahay Kubo
made it easier to rebuild nipa
huts when damaged from a Photo: https://balay.ph/guide-building-bahay-kubo/
storm or earthquake. They

19
 are still used today,
especially in rural areas.

Spanish

Bahay na In this period, the nipa Bahay-Na-Bato

Bato hut or bahay kubo gave way
to the Bahay-na-bato (stone
house) and became the
typical house of noble
Filipinos. The Spanish design
house, followed the nipa
hut's arrangements such as
open ventilation and elevated
apartments. The most
obvious difference between
the two houses would be the
Photo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahay_na_bato
materials that was used to
build them.
The Bahay-na-bato was
constructed out of brick and
stone rather than the
traditional bamboo, timbre
and other wooden materials
that elevates the house. It is
a mixture of native Filipino,
Spanish and Chinese
influences. During the 19th
century, wealthy Filipinos
built some fine houses,
usually with solid stone
foundations or brick lower
walls, and overhanging,
wooden upper story with
balustrades and capiz shell
sliding windows, and a tiled
roof. Example of these
houses is the illustrious
Filipinos that can be admired
in Vigan, Ilocos Sur. Style
may also vary by area. Each
region evolved its own
building style, which were in
many cases dependent on the
materials available. As
construction techniques were
developed, quarries opened,
and kilns constructed,
various parts of the country
began to show a preference
for specific building

20
 materials. As a result, Bahay-
na-bato has several
variations along ethnic lines.

American With the arrival of the

Period Americans in 1898, came a
new breed of architectural
structures in the Philippines.
Designed in the most
respectable manner, these
government houses
resembled Greek or Roman
architecture.
The style of architecture, as
suggested, varies little from
existing architecture at the
time as typified by the Manila
Hotel. New structures
continued the use of
conventional motifs but were
made of more durable
materials such as concrete.
This style of architecture
prevailed even after the turn Manila Hotel
of the century. Photo:https://www.tripadvisor.com.ph/ShowUserRe
views-g298573-d304540-r273740183-
The_Manila_Hotel-Manila_Metro_Manila_Luzon.html

Contemporary According to worldatlas.com,

Architectural contemporary architecture is
Design a form of construction that
embodies the various styles
of building designs stemming
from a wide range of
influences. Contemporary
architecture cuts away from
the modern architecture of
the late twentieth century by
including eco-friendly
features and embracing all
kinds of creativity. Modern Contemporary Architectural Design
materials include iron, Reference:
structural steel, and https://www.lamudi.com.ph/journal/tropical-
architecture-and-design-the-anatomy-of-a-modern-
reinforced concrete are being filipino-home/
used nowadays.

21
Show our care!
There are a lot of old houses and buildings during Spanish and American period
that are considered national treasures and that are still existing. Write some
tips on how to take care of these treasures.
We can preserve these through:
Music
Era Description/Performance Practices
Pre-Spanish According to the article written
by
theperionsinphilippinemusic.blogs
pot, Filipinos are said to be
musical peoples. In most cases,
singing is accompanied by
dancing. They used bamboo
canes, palm leaves and bark of
trees to write their songs and a
piece of sharp stick or iron for
their pen. Even their instruments
were made of bamboo and wood
which indicated their
primitiveness. Religious and social
life were the common functions of
the ancient music. Music in the
pre-colonial times was used to
connect people, to bring people
together.
Spanish Spain ruled the Philippines for
333 years, and Hispanic influence
in Filipino culture is ubiquitous.
This influence can be easily seen
in folk and traditional music,
22
1.The kulintang music of the
Maranaos, for example, is used in
special ceremonies such as weddings,
feasts and enthroning rites.
2. The gandingan is used to warn
others of nearing danger, to relay
messages of love and to act as
markers for when couples wish to
elope.
3. The kalaleng and the diwdiw-as,
both wind instruments made of
bamboo reed, of the Tinguians were
also used as instruments for
courtship.
4. The kutibeng and the kudyapi of
the Ilocanos, both stringed
instruments, are also used in feasts
and in spirit and nature worship.
Other musical instruments were also
used to accompany burial chants,
recount heroic feats, teach and
reinforce floating or oral history, and
even cure illnesses.
1. The Rondalla is a traditional string
orchestra comprising of two-string,
mandolin-type instruments such as
the banduria and laud; a guitar; a
double bass; and often a drum for
 especially in the Tagalog and percussion. The rondalla has its
Visayan regions, where Spanish origins in the Iberian rondalla
influence was greatest tradition, and is used to accompany
several Hispanic-influenced song
forms and dances.

2. The Harana and Kundiman are

popular lyrical songs dating back to
the Spanish period, and are
customarily used in courtship rituals.
The Harana is rooted in the Mexican-
Spanish tradition and based on the
rhythmic patterns of the habanera.

American American music has also been
influential in the Philippines for
artists and vice versa. Though
contributing to the evolution of
American music, large number of
Filipino Americans have a strong
identity with culture of the
Philippines by participating or
organizing traditional dances and
musical performances.
1. Rondalla: Due to the previous
Spanish colonization of the
Philippines, Filipinos have a version of
the originally Spanish rondalla, which
was popular among the manongs in
the United States migrant labor
camps. These folk ballads were
usually sung by the manongs in
camps and were often with
conjunction of guitar or banjo. The
rondalla is still heavily practiced and
popular form of traditional music

ensemble for Filipino Americans to

participate in on college campuses
and dance groups.

Photo:https://philnews.ph/2019/09/23/what-
is-rondalla-meaning-origins-and-more-stuff

23

American lifestyle and pop culture
gave rise to music created by
Filipinos using western pop forms.
Referred to as Pinoy pop, it
includes a wide range of forms:
folk songs, dance tunes, ballads,
Broadway type songs, rock’ n’ roll,
disco, jazz, and rap
Contemporary According to Santos (2016),
Music contemporary music in the
Philippines usually refers to
compositions that have adopted
ideas and elements from twentieth
century art music in the West, as
well as the latest trends and
24
2. Sarswela is a tradition produced by
a large body of music consisting of
songs patterned after opera arias of
the day as well as short instrumental
overtures and interludes.
Photo:https://etopilipinas.tumblr.co
m/post/12596492654/sarswela-
zarzuela-spanish-lyric-dramatic-
genre
1.In the early 1970s, rock music
began to be written using local
languages, with bands like the Juan
Dela Cruz Band being among the first
popular bands to do so.
2. Mixing Tagalog and English lyrics
were also popularly used within the
same song, in songs like "Ang Miss
Universe Ng Buhay Ko” by the band
Hotdog which helped innovate the
Manila Sound.
3. The mixing of the two languages
(known as "Taglish"), while common in
casual speech in the Philippines, was
seen as a bold move, but the success
of Taglish in popular songs, including
Sharon Cuneta's first hit, "Mr. DJ",
broke the barrier forevermore.
 musical styles in the
entertainment industry.
The modern Filipino repertoire
consists of pieces that have been
written in twentieth century
idioms that have evolved out of
such stylistic movements as
impressionism, expressionism,
neo-classism, as well as the so-
called avant-garde and New
Music.

Be aware!
There are many Filipinos who are still not aware about the danger of COVID 19.
Your task is to create a jingle using the tune of any Philippine contemporary
music that will inform our fellow Filipinos on how to take care of themselves
during the pandemic.

25
Dance
Era Description/Performance Practices
Pre- Philippines has many popular
Spanish to folk dances which have evolved and
Present changed as they have been passed
down from generation to
generation. Before the recorded
history of the Philippines, before
Spanish conquistadors colonized
and Christianized the early Filipino
people, from the earliest occupation
of this archipelago, the people
danced. Filipino danced to appease
the Gods, to curry favor from
powerful spirits, to celebrate a hunt
or harvest, to mimic the exotic life
forms around them.

Itik-itik It is a mimetic folk dance in the

from Philippines. It originated in the
Surigao province of Surigao in Mindanao.
Itik-itik from the English word
“duck”. The dance steps imitate the
movements of a duck.

Itik-itik
Photo:
http://www.angelfire.com/de/filcanwebsite/iti
k.html

Tinikling It is a Philippine traditional

from Leyte dance. This dance imitates the
and the movement of the “tikling” bird as it
Visayas walks around through tall grasses
Regions and between tree branches. This
dance involves two bamboo poles
on the ground and against each
other in coordination with one or
more dancers who step over and in
between the poles in a dance.

Tinikling
Photo:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/2244763626503
60743/

Sayaw sa This dance originates from

Bangko Pangasinan. The dancers perform
from on top of a narrow bench that is
Pangasinan normally six inches wide, inching

26
 and hopping from one another.
Performers need to balance as they
go through a series of movements
that include some impressive
acrobatics.

Sayaw sa Bangko
Photo:
https://www.pinterest.pt/pin/3609213576322751
66/
Binasuan The Binasuan is an entertaining
from dance that is usually performed at
Pangasinan festive social occasions. Danvers
carefully balance three half-filled
glasses of rice wine on their heads
and hands as they gracefully spin
and roll on the ground.

Binasuan
Photo:
https://www.kaloobdance.com/Binasuan.html

Maglalatik It is also known as “Magbabao”.

from It is a mock war dance that depicts
Biñan, a fight over coconut meat, a highly
Laguna prized food. The dancers are all
male where they put coconut shell
halves are secured onto the
dancers’ hands and on vest upon
which are hung four or six more
coconut shell halves. This is
danced in the religious procession
during fiesta of Binan as an offering Maglalatik
to San Isidro Labrador. Photo:
http://simplyknowledge.com/popular/gk_detail
/maglalatik

Pandanggo This dance is similar to a

sa Ilaw Spanish Fandango. The phrase
from “ilaw” is a Tagalog word for “light”
Mindoro and it refers to the three oil lamps
that the dancer has to balance- one
on the head and one on the back of
each hand. This dance is typically
performed by fishermen to
celebrate a good catch.
Pandanggo sa Ilaw
Photo:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/3609213576322
75199/

La Jota This dance is adapted by the

Moncadeña Filipinos from an old Spanish
from Ilocos dance. It is a combination of
Spanish and Ilocano dance steps

27
 set to Spanish music and
castanets. According to Ramon
Obusan, this dance was danced to
accompany a bereaved family to the
burial of a loved one.

La Jota Moncadeña

Photo:
https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/8029074397936
18953/

Kappa It is a Muslim–influenced
Malong- danced. The malong is a tubular
Malong garment, and the dance essentially
from shows the many ways it can be
Mindanao worn. There are men’s and women’s
versions of the dance since they
wear malongs in different ways.
Kappa Malong-Malong
Photo: https://zambongga.weebly.com/about-
malong.html

Pantomina It is a traditional dance in Bicol.

from Bicol It is a love dance with its
movements mimicking or
patronizing the mating or love
making of doves. It is also known as
a courtship dance and wedding
dance. This dance is a significant
dance in Kasanggayahan Festival
held in October. Pantomina
Photo:https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/735168/so
rsogon-city-festival-sways-to-dance-of-doves

Habanera This folk dance was originated

Botolena from Cuba. It is also known as
from Danza or Danza Habanera. It is a
Zambales social dance in duple time and it is
usually performed in a ballroom or
on a stage. It combines Filipino and
Spanish steps, and is a popular
dance at weddings and include
procession of the bride and groom’s
Habanera Botolena
parents. It is also considered a Photo:www.facebook.com/densdec/photos/fun-
courting dance in some situation. facts-triviadid-you-knowthe-habanera-botolena-
is-a-strongly-flamenco-
influen/2028314144155628/

28
 Singkil This dance originated from
from Maranao. It is traditionally
Maranao performed by single women to
attract the attention of potential
suitors. Dancers perform a series of
graceful movements as they step in
and out from between bamboo
poles which are rhythmically
clapped together. Fans and scarves
are often used to enhance the Singkil
Photo:ationalclothing.org/asia/34-
dancers’ movements. philippines/214-intricate-costumes-used-
by-filipino-singkil-folk-dancers.html

Cariñosa This dance originated in Panay

from Island. It is a Philippine folk dance
Panay of Hispanic origin. The word
cariñosa means the affectionate
one. This is a courtship dance that
portrays acts of flirtation between
man and woman. Originally, this
dance was danced with Maria Clara
dress and Barong Tagalog. Since it
is a national dance, the dancers Cariñosa
may wear any Filipino costumes. Photo:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ow85T4gk
8yY

Make a plan?
Your school will celebrate its foundation day, and your class is assigned to
present one Filipino contemporary dance. You are assigned as the leader for
the said activity. Using the template below, create a plan about your chosen
dance.
Title of Background/History/Purpose Materials/Costume No. of
the participants
dance

I. Complete the matrix.

Art Form Place of Origin Significance to Personal

the Place/Region Perception to the
Art Form

29
 What’s More

1. Sarimanok

2. Paete
Sculpture

3. Giant Lanterns

4. Pinilian

5. T’nalak

6. Manuggul

7. Bahay Kubo

8. Harana

9. Pandango sa
Ilaw

10. Cariñosa

II. Discussion Questions

1. What is the meaning of contemporary art?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

2. Identify and describe at least two contemporary art forms and their
techniques or practices from the various regions.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________
3. How culture and art are connected with each other?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

30
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________

What I Have Learned

Philippine art refers to the works of art that have developed and accumulated
in the Philippines from the beginning of civilization in the country up to the present
era.
Every art in every region of the Philippines has their own stories to tell. Art
reflects our society and culture.

Now it’s your turn! Complete the sentence:

The Philippine arts is very significant for me as a Filipino
because__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Self-Assessment
Now you have learned the significance of art forms from different regions. In your
own understanding, how important are the art forms in our society? Complete the
table.

Art Form Importance to the society

Painting

Sculpture

Architecture

Music

Dance

31
 Assessment

Direction: Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided.
_____1. Which of the following pictures signifies an individual or family’s
wealth and prestige of the Ifugaos?

A. C.

B. D.

_____2. Artistic paintings were introduced to the Filipinos in the 16th century
when the Spaniards arrived in the Philippines. During this time, the
Spaniards used paintings as religious propaganda to spread ________
throughout the Philippines.
A. Protestantism
B. Catholicism
C. Hinduism
D. Islamism
_____3. Read sentences I and II, then identify which sentence/s tell/s the
truth about pottery.
I. Native Filipinos created pottery since 3500 years ago. They used
these ceramics jars to hold the deceased
II. Filipino pottery was made for water vessels, plates, cups, and for
many other uses.
A. Sentence I is correct and sentence II is incorrect.
B. Sentence I is incorrect and sentence II is correct.
C. Both sentences I and II are correct.
D. Both sentences I and II are incorrect.
_____4. Read sentences I and II, then identify which sentence/s tell/s the
truth about Philippine weaving.
I. Philippine weaving involves many threads being measured, cut and
mounted on a wooden platform
II. Spaniards taught the native Filipinos to weave using fibers from
abaca, pineapple, cotton, and bark cloth.
A. Sentence I is correct and sentence II is incorrect.
B. Sentence I is incorrect and sentence II is correct.

32
 C. Both sentences I and II are correct.
D. Both sentences I and II are incorrect.
_____5. Taka was originated at the town of Paete, Laguna. What is a Taka?
A. It is a cookie that has the image of St. Nicholas molded on it.
B. It is made of bamboo and colorful cloth and its faces of paper mache.
C. It is a paper mache made using carved wooden sculpture used as a mold.
D. It is the art of shaving bamboo into artful creations that can be used as
décor for arches or for the home.
_____6. Why is Bul-ul important to Ifugaos?
A. They believe that they can have abundant harvest when this is placed
near rice granaries.
B. It is used in ceremonies associated with rice production and with healing.
C. Both a and b are correct.
D. Both a and b are incorrect.
_____7. It is a Filipino folk dance wherein the dancers carefully balance three
half-filled glasses of rice wine on their heads and hands as they
gracefully spin and roll on the ground.
A. Binasuan from Pangasinan
B. Pandanggo sa Ilaw
C. Tinikling
D. Kuratsa
_____8. What is the purpose of the folk dance “Singkil from Maranao”?
A. To attract the attention of potential suitors
B. To accompany a funeral happiness
C. To have a bountiful harvest
D. To celebrate happiness
_____9. The following dances were originated in the island of Luzon EXCEPT
for one.
A. Sayaw sa Bangko
B. Maglalatik
C. Binasuan
D. Itik-itik
_____10. The following are pre-Spanish music EXCEPT ____________.
A. Rondalla
B. Kulintang
C. Kutibeng
D. Gandinga

33
 Additional Activities

Additional Activities
Find some available indigenous materials in your area then, design and create
a simple artwork that represents the culture of your locality. You can ask the
help of any member of your locality.

Adapted from: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/11498259671183609

34
 Answer Key

10.A
9. D
8. A
7. A
6. B
5. C D 5.
4. A B 4.
3. C A 3.
2. B C 2.
1. D A 1.

Assessment What's More What I Know

References
Solmerano, E.et.al (2017). Contemporary Philippine Arts from the
Regions,Manila:Fastbooks educational Supply,Inc.
Santos, M. (2016).Arts and Culture.http://marsantos.tripod.com/culture.htm
Cityofsanfernando.gov.ph
Atbp.ph
Newsinfo.inquirer.net
Wordpress.com
Artesdelasfilipinas.com
Flickr.com
En.m.wikipedia.org
Nolisoli.ph
Blaanforgamaba.weebly.com
Yuchengcomuseum.org
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_the_Philippines
https://www.facebook.com/notes/queenie-maria/music-and-the-pre-hispanic-
philippines-a-reflection-on-the-filipino-genius-histo/10200136713459219/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-
arts-sca/music/philippine-music-a-historical-overview/
https://ncca.gov.ph/about-ncca-3/subcommissions/subcommission-on-the-
arts-sca/music/contemporary-music/

35
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph