SESIMIC IDE

Firstly, the static design of critical elements of the structure to appropriate

codes of practice will be marked within this module.

You will then be provided with an appropriate response spectrum for the site
of your design during the Seismic and FE lectures. You will then conduct an
appropriate seismic analysis which will identify any seismic vulnerability and
identify critical elements. You will then assess the structure for compliance
with codes of practice to ensure it has the required seismic withstand
capacity.
Finally, you should produce a critique of your structure which will explore the
outcome of the analyses and assessment.
The complete structure has total dimensions: 40m x 30m x 30m height
The frame is a 5-bay frame with the length of each bay = 8.0m
Frame Length: 40m
Frame Height: 30m
Column spacing = 8.0m
Roof Slope: Zero degrees
𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑹𝒐𝒄𝒌𝒆𝒕 𝑴𝒖𝒔𝒆𝒖𝒎

Roof imposed action

Roof angle, 𝛂 < 𝟑𝟎°

Minimum roof-imposed action, 𝒒𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Roof snow action

Snow load on the ground, 𝑠𝑘 , where z is the zone number and A is the site altitude (AOD).

𝐴−100
𝑠𝑘 = [0.15 + (0.1𝑧 + 0.05] + [ 525 ]
where z is the zone number and A is the site altitude (AOD).

38 −100
𝑠𝑘 = [0.15 + (0.1(3) + 0.05] + [ 525
]

∴ 𝒔𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Snow load shape coefficient for monopitch roof,

Roof slope 0° ≤ α ≤ 15° ∴ µ = 𝟎. 𝟖

Snow load on roof, s,

𝑠 = µ. 𝑠𝑘
where µ is the snow load shape coefficient and 𝑠𝑘 is the snow load on the ground.

𝑠 = 0.38 𝑋 0.8

∴ 𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟎𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Building wind loading

The wind direction, season and probability are set to unity.

Orthographic factors
𝑐𝑑𝑖𝑟 = 1.0 𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 = 1.0 𝑐𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏 = 1.0

Altitude factor, 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑡 ,

𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑡 = 1 + 0.001𝐴
where A is the site altitude.

𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑡 = 1 + 0.001(38)

∴ 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟖

Basic wind speed, 𝑉𝑏 ,

10-minute mean wind velocity, 𝑉𝑏,𝑂 ,

𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉𝑏,𝑂 . 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑡
Where 𝑉𝑏,𝑂 is taken from the wind-therm chart and and 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑡 is the altitude factor.

𝑉𝑏 = 22.5 𝑋 1.038

∴ 𝑽𝒃 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟑𝟓𝟓 𝒎/𝒔

Basic wind pressure, 𝑞𝑏 ,

𝑞𝑏 = 0.613 𝑋 𝑉𝑏²

0.613 𝑋 23.355²
𝑞𝑏 =
1000

∴ 𝒒𝒃 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Surface roughness

𝒛𝒎𝒊𝒏 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟎𝒎

Exposure factor

Distance to the nearest building, 𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟎𝒎

Height of building, 𝒉𝒃 = 𝟑𝟐𝒎

𝐼𝑓 2𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 6𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 ℎ𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 1.2𝑧𝑚𝑖𝑛 − 0.2𝑥 ≤ 0.6ℎ
20 ≤ 40 ≤ 60 ∴ ℎ𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 12 − 8 ≤ 4.5
4 ≤ 4.5 ∴ ℎ𝑑𝑖𝑠 = 4𝑚

Wind exposed height

𝒉𝒃 − 𝒉𝒅𝒊𝒔 = 𝟐𝟖𝒎

Exposure factors,
where 𝐶𝑒 is the exposure factor and 𝑪𝒆𝒕 is the exposure correction factor.

𝑪𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟗 𝑪𝒆𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟖

Peak velocity pressure, 𝑞𝑝 ,

𝑞𝑝 = 𝐶𝑒 𝐶𝑒,𝑡 𝑞𝑏

𝑞𝑝 = 1.9 𝑋 0.8 𝑋 0.334

∴ 𝒒𝑷 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Wind pressure on a surface, w,

𝑤 = 𝑞𝑝 . 𝑐𝑝
where 𝑞𝑝 is the peak velocity pressure and 𝑐𝑝 is the pressure coefficient (external or internal).

Simplified assessment of External Pressure Coefficients for walls,

𝜃 = 0°, ℎ⁄𝑑 = 32⁄40 = 0.8 𝜃 = 90°, ℎ⁄𝑑 = 7.5⁄70 = 0.11

Overall Coefficients 𝐶𝑝,𝑒 Overall Coefficients 𝐶𝑝,𝑒

Side Front Back Side Front Back

-0.80 +0.70 -0.30 -0.80 +0.70 -0.30

 The internal pressure coefficient is taken to be either +0.2 or -0.3.

The most onerous wall wind pressure is,

𝑤 = 0.51 𝑋 1.00

∴ 𝒘 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟏 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Simplified assessment of External Pressure Coefficients for monopitch roofs,

Overall Coefficients

𝜃 = 0° 𝜃 = 90°

A B C A B C

-1.2 -0.7 ±0.2 -1.2 -0.7 ±0.2

 3.0m
A B C
𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑏 𝑜𝑟 2ℎ
𝑒 30
∴ = = 3.0𝑚
10 10

-1.4 -0.9 -0.4

-1.2 -0.7 -0.2

A B C

+0.2
𝜃 = 0°

Wind force on a surface,

𝐹𝑤 = 𝑤 𝐴 𝐶𝑠 𝐶𝑑 𝐶𝑂𝐴

𝐶𝑠 𝐶𝑑 = 1

ℎ
< 1 ∴ 𝐶𝑂𝐴 = 0.85
𝑑

𝐴 = 30𝑚 × 40𝑚 = 1200𝑚2

𝐹𝑤 = 0.51 𝑋 1200 𝑋 0.85 = 520.20𝑘𝑁 in the longer direction

𝐴 = 30𝑚 × 30𝑚 = 900𝑚2

𝐹𝑤 = 0.51 𝑋 900 𝑋 0.85 = 390.15𝑘𝑁 in the shorter direction

𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑽𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝑨𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔

Rooftop Garden

Roof imposed action, 𝑞𝑘 = 0.6 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Roof snow loading, 0° pitch, located at an altitude of 38m AOD in zone 3.

38 −100
𝑠𝑘 = [0.15 + (0.1(3) + 0.05] + [ 525
]

∴ 𝑠𝑘 = 0.38 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

µ = 0.8, 𝑠 = µ. 𝑠𝑘 = 0.8 𝑋 0.38 = 0.304 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

50mm Growing Medium = 0.850 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

2.4mm Filter Sheet = 0.003 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
8mm Drainage Layer = 0.120 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
8mm Protection Layer = 0.056 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
2mm Water Proofing = 0.042 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
175mm Reinforced Concrete = 4.375 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Figure 17. Layers of Rooftop Garden.
Insulation = 0.010 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Suspended Ceiling = 0.100 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Services = 0.250 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Total Permanent Action, 𝑮𝒌 = 𝟓. 𝟖𝟎𝟔 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Variable Action, 𝑸𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

First Floor

Screed = 0.960 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

175mm Reinforced Concrete = 4.375 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Insulation = 0.010 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Suspended Ceiling = 0.100 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Services = 0.250 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Total Permanent Action, 𝑮𝒌 = 𝟓. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Variable Action, 𝑸𝒌 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Figure 18. Layers of First Floor

Timber Stud Internal Wall

100x50mm Studwork = 1.000 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Insulation Material = 0.010 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
2 / Plasterboard and Skim = 0.440 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Total Permanent Action, 𝑮𝒌 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Variable Action, 𝑸𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Figure 19. Layers of Internal Wall

Masonry External Wall

Plasterboard and Skim = 0.220 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

11mm OSB 3 = 0.077 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
47mm x 150mm Framing Timber = 0.329 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Insulation = 0.010 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
18mm OSB 3 = 0.126 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Breathable Membrane = 0.042 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
Steel Cladmate = 0.501 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²
15mm Brick Cladding = 0.330 𝑘𝑁/𝑚²

Total Permanent Action, 𝑮𝒌 = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟑𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

Variable Action, 𝑸𝒌 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑵/𝒎²

𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒈𝒏 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅𝒔

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝐺𝐾 = 5.806𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑠, 𝑎𝑠 𝛼 ≤ 5° ∴ 𝑞𝑘 = 0.6𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑆𝐾 = 0.38𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 0° ≤ 𝛼 ≤ 15°, 𝜇 = 0.8
∴ 𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 = 0.38 × 0.8 = 0.304𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑓 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠:

1) 1.0𝐺𝐾 + 0.5 × 1.5𝑤𝑘 = 1 × 5.806 + 0.5 × 1.5 × −0.51 = 6.19𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

2)1.25𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑄𝐾 = 1.25 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.6 = 8.16𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

3) 1.25𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑄𝐾 + 0.5 × 0.15𝑤𝑘 = 1.25 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.6 + 0.5 × 0.15 × 0.51
= 8.20𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

4) 1.25𝐺𝐾 + 0.7 × 1.5𝑄𝐾 + 1.5𝑤𝑘 = 1.25 × 5.806 + 0.7 × 1.5 × 0.6 + 1.5 × 0.51
= 8.65𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

𝑺𝒖𝒎𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒚 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 𝒍𝒐𝒂𝒅𝒔

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, 𝐺𝐾 = 5.806𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

∴ 5.806 × 30 = 174.18𝑘𝑁/𝑚

𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒, 𝑞𝑝 = 1.9 × 0.8 × 0.334 = 0.51𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

∴ 0.51 × 30 = 15.3𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, , 𝑞𝑝 = −0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ∴ −0.5 × 30 = 15𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝑄𝑠 = 0.304𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 ∴ 0.304 × 30 = 9.12𝑘𝑁𝑚

𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

1) 1.35𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑄𝐾 = 1.35 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.6 = 8.74𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

2) 1.35𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑄𝐾 + 0.5 × 1.5𝑤𝑘 = 1.35 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.6 + 0.5 × 1.5 × 0.51
= 9.12𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

3) 1.35𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑤𝑘 + 0.7 × 1.5𝑄𝐾 = 1.35 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.51 + 0.7 × 1.5 × 0.6
= 9.23𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

4) 1.0𝐺𝐾 + 1.5𝑤𝑘 = 1 × 5.806 + 1.5 × 0.51 = 6.57𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

5) 1.35𝐺𝐾 + 0.7 × 1.5𝑄𝐾 = 1.35 × 5.806 + 0.7 × 1.5 × 0.6 = 8.47𝑘𝑁/𝑚2

6) 1.35𝐺𝐾 + 0.7 × 1.5𝑄𝐾 + 0.5 × 1.5 × 𝑤𝑘

= 1.35 × 5.806 + 0.7 × 1.5 × 0.6 + 0.5 × 1.5 × 0.51 = 8.85𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 9.23𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
∴ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑠𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = −0.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚2
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠
𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤:

Figure 20. Structural Frame modelled when a design load is applied (Linpro)

Figure 21. Moment Diagram modelled frame under vertical loads (Linpro)
Maximum bending moment on column = 46.43kNm
Maximum bending moment on beam = 32.84kNm

Figure 22. Shear Force Diagram modelled frame under vertical loads (Linpro)

Maximum shear force on column = 38.50kN

Maximum shear force on beam = 7.78kN

Figure 23. Axial Force Diagram modelled frame under vertical loads (Linpro)
Figure 24. Deflection Diagram modelled frame under vertical loads (Linpro)

Figure 25. Reactions modelled frame under vertical loads (Linpro)

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 90° 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤:

Figure 26. Structural Frame modelled when a lateral 90° is applied (Linpro)

Figure 27. Moment Diagram modelled frame under 90° lateral load (Linpro)

Maximum bending moment on column = 616.21kNm

Maximum bending moment on beam = 496.30kNm
 Figure 28. Shear Force Diagram modelled frame under 90° lateral load (Linpro)

Maximum shear force on column = 180.32kN

Maximum shear force on beam = 125.07kN

Figure 29. Axial Force Diagram modelled frame under 90° lateral load (Linpro)
Figure 30. Deflection Diagram modelled frame under 90° lateral load (Linpro)

Figure 31. Reactions modelled frame under 90° lateral load (Linpro)
𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 0° 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑟𝑜 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒
𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤:

Figure 32. Structural Frame modelled when a lateral 0° is applied (Linpro)

Figure 33. Moment Diagram modelled frame under 0° lateral load (Linpro)

Maximum bending moment on column = 306.89kNm

Maximum bending moment on beam = 265.35kNm
 Figure 34. Shear Force Diagram modelled frame under 0° lateral load (Linpro)

Maximum shear force on column = 114.03kN

Maximum shear force on beam = 61.37kN

Figure 35. Axial Force Diagram modelled frame under 0° lateral load (Linpro)
Figure 36. Deflection Diagram modelled frame under 0° lateral load (Linpro)

Figure 37. Reactions modelled frame under 0° lateral load (Linpro)