Chapter Assessment

María José Blanco Sánchez

12-A

Answer correctly and send for grade.

1. What is the difference between Deductive and Inductive thinking?

Deductive thinking aims to create a theory is a process of reasoning from statements that
will reach a logical conclusion. On the other hand, inductive thinking is more testing an
existing idea, supplies some advice. Still, there is no complete reassurance of the truth of the
conclusion.
2. How logical do you think most human beings are?
Sometimes I question how logical they are, considering the atrocities they have done.
However, then I remember… I am typing on a computer while in the background I have
creators of content playing Minecraft. If it weren't for logical thinking in humans beings, I
would not have been able to write this on a computer; the YouTubers wouldn't be able to
play this video game. And I would not be able to notice these factors and conclude that most
humans are indeed very logical. Yes, they might be impulsive, but we are pretty rational
beings at the end of the day.
3. What kind of thinking errors lie behind stereotypes?
The thinking errors that lie behind stereotypes, even if they are good or bad, can lead to
putting a whole group in the same bag rather than identifying them for their human qualities
people don't see far from the stereotypes, and that prevents development and improvement
Which can lead to the group in question to have it more accessible, more complicated in life
or too
4. When was the last time you made a post hoc ergo propter hoc error? Describe it.
Not long ago. I think like a week or less. My memory is pretty bad. Wait, it was actually
yesterday; yesterday was my last time. I often use it to explain trauma or how X events can
affect the current situation of my friends or me.
5. In some families' incest and child abuse are traditional, being passed from generation
to generation. Can you think of other traditional practices that ought to be
abandoned?
Yes, of course, I can. Female genital mutilation is one of them. It harms women and little
girls in many senses. The process involves the total or partial removal of the external female
genitalia that can create injuries, of course, and it's a non-medical procedure. It's a tradition
done in 30 countries in Africa, the middle east, and Asia. It is a tradition that has no sense
and no benefit; there is no beauty in it. It just puts persons born with female genitalia in
extreme pain and at risk.
6. What are hidden variables?
Hidden variables are the introduction of unobservable hypothetical entities. You can see
variables, but they are there, proven by science, logic, or maybe faith. Depends on the
person.
7. Is experimenter bias a factor in the classroom?
It shouldn't ethically be, but there is. Humans are guided by their emotions often. After the
development of experimenter bias, an unconscious result may affect the subjects' influence.
If a student behaves correctly but gets terrible grades is more likely that the teacher might
give them a hand, rather than a student that is good in grades but behaves incorrectly.
8. What do you think about the placebo effect?
The placebo effect is the power of the mind. They experimented with giving patients pills or
medication without anything, but that looks like medication for the patients to believe they
have taken medication to feel better. Their mind would believe this and would make their
body to feel better. The placebo effect is taking a "medicine" that isn't medicine but a
placebo which is an inactive substance.
9. What do you think about Ad hominem arguments?
I wouldn't say I like it. With all my life, why would you put your personal issues in line when
there is a real issue to address? It pisses me off. It does not make sense, leave your
personal stuff aside and focus on solving the problem, stop fallacies, stop being so biased is
not that difficult. I hate when my classmates do it to prove a point. Okay, Jeremiah, maybe
I'm not a fast thinker, but that doesn't mean my calculator skills are inadequate.
10. What do you think of the fallacy of Tu Quoque?
This is more difficult because it doesn't agree with an argument; it is an informal
fallacy? Yes, but people have the right to disagree. However, if this affects an
outcome, that can benefit many people. Then I believe it is not good; yes, freedom of
speech, but come on, be logical, stop the hypocrisy or fallacies.
11. Do you believe there is a distinction between manipulation and persuasion? or is all
persuasion manipulation?
Manipulation has such a bad connotation, but it's not always bad. Identical with persuasion,
good definition but cannot always be good. They are the same thing but with different
connotations, but they have the same denotation.
12. Under what conditions, if any, is it ethical to use manipulative tactics? If you believe
that someone is using one of the deceitful techniques on you, what would be an
appropriate response?
Fun question. I genuinely do not care, I often notice when I'm manipulated, but I just go with
the flow. if I don't have anything better to do and is not harming anyone, I just let it go. If it
pisses me off or is hurting people, I address the issue or just isolate. Is it ethical to use
manipulative tactics? Perhaps, depends on the tactic and the result. I believe, let's put an
extreme situation, a group is held hostage by a guy. One of the integrants of the group starts
creating a bond of any kind with the kidnapper. Convinces the kidnapper that this crime is
unnecessary and that he doesn't need to do this and can just let them go. It works; everyone
is happy, yeay. It is not always wrong to manipulate, I guess.