rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit SlideShare Explore Search You i O Home Technology Education More Topics load Get Started iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 1063rovrano16 iptv slidesharenetssuse5758ai- ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét NOI HOI & THIET BI GIA NHIET 1, GIOL THIEU 2. CAC LOAILO HOL 3. DANH GIA LO HOI 4. CAC GIAI PHAP SU’ DUNG NANG LUQNG HIEU QUA.. 5. DANH SACH SANG LOC CAC GIAI PHAP. 6. BANG TINH VA CAC CONG CU KHAC 7. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. GIOLTHIEU, Phin nay trinhhay ngingon vé Lé hai va cée thist bj phu try tai BO phn La hai La hai la me thi bi giup dua mhigt ein qué tinh dét chiy cho autiecho dén khi nude dege dun néng hod tharh hoi. Nude néng hog hoi dui tic dng cia ép suat sé truyén mhigt sang mOtquy tinh, Nuée la ic nhin trung gian re tién va how dung gp uyén nhigt sang mot quy tinh, Khi nude duge chuyén thin hoi, thé tch sé ting Ién khong 1.600 Lin, go ra mot Ie manh nu la thude sing. Vi vay lo hoi Ie thie: bj phai dzgc van hinb \Gi tinh than cia trong cao d5, Hg thing 18g bap gdm: mnt hg théng muse cép, hb thdng hoi vi thing nh Wig. HE thing nue eip cip nade cho le hot vi tr dng digs chinh nhim dp img nhu eau hoi. St dung nh van nén cn bao tt va sia cha. Hg thbag ber thu gom va kim sodt hot do 1d ho sin xat ra, Met he thing dng dng a hot ec si dung. Quah thdng ny, sp suithoi dg di chin bg cae van va kim wa bing miy do p suit ri Hg thémg nhign ligu bap gém tt e& ede tit bi vo sit dung d8 go ra nhit cin tit. Cig tht bi cin ding trong he thongnhin ligu phuthage vo loginhignligu si dung trong hé thong nin i [Nude dus vio 1 hoi duge chuyén thinh hei duge goi a auée ep, Nude cap 6 hai ngudn chink ls (1) Nude ngueng hay hoi gun tin hosts te ede quy tinh vi Q) nme d qu air 1G (outs thd dl qua xi I) trbn ngoai bo pan ld hava cic quy tinh cin nhi may. Dé ning 20 higu qua sie dung lo hot, mot thid by trao d6i nhigt dun nong so bé nude e4p sir dung nit thai ti ki Hung din sic ding nang luong hiéw ua trong nin cng nghio Chin A—vnvncenermvefcincsesia one 1 "CUNEP.rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét lerace, - as crema re > owe Hinh 1. Gian dé cia mt Bp phin La hoi 2.CACLOAI LO HOL Phin nay gid thigu of logi ly ho kde nhaw L& hoi dng lira, La asi dng murde, 18 bai tron biG, 1 hei buéng lia tang séi, 6 hoi budng lisa ting s6i khéngkhi, hoi bung lia ting s6i di 4p, 1d hoi budng lisa Ung sOi tun oan, 0 hoi dbt lb, 1d hoi sit dung nbin liga plu, li sir dung nin liu hai va thit bj gia nhigt 2.1 Lo hoi éng hia (Fire Tub Boiler) ‘Véi loai ld hei niy, khi néng di qua ‘eae ng va nue ep cho 10 bat & phia trén s8 duye chuyén thinh hoi. Lé hoi ng lira thying duge sit ding voi ‘cng suat hoi temg di thap cho dén 4p suit hoi trung bin. Do dé, si dung 1 bei dang nay 1a wu thé vii ty Ig hot lan 161 12.000 ke/sicr va dp suit len 161 IS kylem’. Cée 10 hoi nay c6 thé sir ding v6i diu, ga hoe cic nhi ligu long. Vi cic iy do kinh t8, cdc Io hoi dng lira nim wong hang mac Lip djt“ton g6i” (tee ee ee SYS inh 2. Mit edt iia mot Li hei Sng hr (Light Rail Transit Association) Hung din sic dung nang luong higu qué ong ng céng nghifp Chiu A—wrwenerveficionsvesiaone 2 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thies bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét steam 2.2 Ld hot bug nue (Water Tube Boiler) cutet © lo hoi éng nude, nude eip qua cée éng di vio tang hoi, Nude duge dun néng bing khi chay vi cchuyén thanh hoi @ khu wee dong hot trén tang lo hoi. Lé hoi dang niy dupe Iva chon khi nhu cau hoi ‘cao doi vai nha may phat dign Phin lon ede thiét ké 15 hoi éng made hign dai ©6 air ‘cOng sua nim wong khoang 4.500 ~ 120.000 ky’gia trong hang myc lip dit “tron goi” néu nhi may sir inlet dung dju vashode ga kim nhién ligu, Hign ciing ¢6 loai thigt ké 16 hoi ng aude sit dung nhién ligu rin combustion water rnhumg véi losi niy, thist ké tron géi khéng théng chamber —_ tubes dung bing La hai dng nue €6 cfc de diém sau: ‘= Swrthong gio cuong bite, cam img, va can bang sé giup nang cao higu suét chy. = Yeu cu chit lugng nude cao va cin phai c6 he thang xir IV nue. ‘Phi hyp vai cdng suit nhigt cao 2.3 Ld hoi tron bo (Package Boiler) Loai lo hoi nay 06 ‘én goi nu vay vind a mit hé thong ron 9. Khi duge lap dt tainha may, be thong nay chi cin hoi, dag ‘nude, cung ep nhisn Tigu va nd dign d8 06 the i vie hoat déng, La hoi tien bp thung c6 dang vo so ‘vor cae dng lua duge thiét k& sao cho dat duge tée dQ tuyén higt bite xa va dBi Iu cao nha Hinh 4.9 ho tron b dét du cép 3 én hinh Lo bot om, bo (Spirax Ssteo) ning dae dim su 1 Buongdét ho, te dj truyén nhigt cao din én qui trinh hod hor nhanb hom Qui trnh tmyén abit do di ns nit cb dug kinh bo gip tayennbigt di iru ot water inlet Ra dng ksi hom do doe Lip mit sé hegmg lin eae Ang tmyén Hung din sic ding nang long hiéw au trong nin cng nghito Chin A—vovnceneryvefcincsesia one 3 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét = Higu suit chy cao do cé sir dung hé théng thang gié cutng bie © Qué trinh trayén nigt tit bom nis sb Lin khi di qua lo ho ‘= Higu suit nhigt cao hen so véi cdc loai 16 hoi Khe, [hing 1 hoi niy drge phan loi dyatrén sb Hin sb in Ki dt ang di qua 10 hr, Bung dt sé lim di qua thie nha, sau dé 66 thé la hai hoe ba bg dng Ara. Loa lho ph bign nha cia loa ny I lb hoi bac 3 (3 lin Kh i qua 0 kr) Vai ha bd dng dt va vai kh fai qua bo phin phia sau bhai 2.4 Ld hoi budng lira ting si (FBC) La hoi budng lia ting séi (FBC) gin day ndi lén nhwla mot Iya chen kh thi va eé rét nbidu uuu diém so véi hg thong dot tuyén thong, n6 mang lai rit nhigu Igi icb-thig: ké 1d hot gon nnhe, nhién ligu Linh host, higu sust chay cao hom va gidm thai cic chit giy 6 nhiém Ae hai nnhu SOx vi NOx, Nhién ligu dot cia nhimg lo hoi logi nay gém e6 than, vo tau, bi mia, va code chit thai néng nghip khie. L8 hoi buing hia ting s6i 06 ede mize cfng suit rat khée nhautir 0.5 Tih cho ti hon100 Tih, hi khéng khihoge ga duoc phin bé déu, di qualép kat rin minh, nhimghat nay sé khdng bi ‘anh huang o van tec thip. Khi van the khong khi tang din, din én trang thai cc nat dom by treo lo hing trong kingkkhi ny epi “ting si" Khi van the khang khi ting thém «& tg0 ra hong béng, chuyén dng manh, pha tr nhanb wi tao ma Dé mit nhién ligu dc. Lap vat ligu vii nig hat rin nay duyge xem nbu La dung dich dun s6i tao ma lp chit Kong-“ting si 1Néu ede bgt et ang Ui S04 duge dun 1 nhigt dd than 66 thé bbe hay, va than duge ep Jigm ye vio, khidén lap ahi ligy, than 8 bée chiy nr thi, vi lop ahign ligu dgt dge nit 449 ding du. Qua tinh d6t chiy tng sx (FBC) din ra o mide shit dj S40°Cdn 950°C. Vi nbiét d6 nay thap hon nhiét d6 tanchay cita xi rat nhieu, nén 6 thé trinh duge van dé xi néng_ chiy vi efe vin dé Khe eign quan [Nit chiy thip hom dat éuge li do bg sb truyén ahigt cao nh st pha tra nha 6 ting Siva sr thai niet higu qui rip nhién liu qua ang dng tyen unit tong Lop ahien Tigu va thinh cia ting nhign gu. Vn te khi due duy trio gta Khosing van toc si i hig vv vin tc cic hat ahién ligu exon theo, Bigu nay giip dam bao se vin hah on din cua lop nin liu va tanh vige cic hatbjcudn theo vio dong khi Hung lini dng nang long hiéw au trong ngs cng nghito Chis "CUNEP. u A-wmenenveffcincvsiaa 4 iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: Lé6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 2.5 La hoi budng lira ting si khong khi (AFBC) Phin lém cée ld hoi van hinh dang nay 1a theo Qua trinh Chay tng si khang khi (AFBC), ‘Qua trinh nay phute tap hom la bo sung mot budng dt ting soi yao lo hen vo so truyén thong, [Nhiing bg thong nhu thé nay duge kip €3t tong ty nw ld boi éng nude. ‘Than durge dp theo 6 1 ~ 10 mm phy thude vo logi than, logi nhién Ligu cép cho budng dt Khong khi khi quyén, dong vai tr li ca khi dot va khi ting sOi, duge cap vao 6 mit mic ép ‘suit, au khi dzgc dun ning so bé bing khi thai. Nhig éng trong ting nhién gu mang nue ddéng vai trd li thigt bj bay hoi. Nhimg sin pham khi cia qué trinh dot di qua bd phin qui nhigt cua lo hoi, qua DO phan uét kiém, thiét bj thu hOi byl va thiét bj dun nong Khi so bo ‘nude khira khong ki, 2.6 Ld hoi budng ira tng sdi didu Sp (FRC) tox W boi nay, moL may nen Kai s2 eung cdp khi so edp cxdng bie (FD) xa bung dé tabi dp suit, Tae d@ thoat nhig rong tang sit 1é véi ip suit cia ting s6i va dd, ing us giup that nit nhieu, Nho vay, higu suat chy va hap thy S2 trong ing abign li Hoi duge to 1a trong hai 6ng, mdt nim treng ting soi va mot nim trén. Khi 16 néng c thé chay tua bin siz dung gas phat dign, HG thing PFBIC e6 the age sir dyng trong dong phit (hoi vi ign) toe phht ign chu tinh kit hop. Vige vin hah chu triah kit hop (tua in. ding ‘gis vituz bin chay bing hoinu) s@ ci tin higu suit chuyén dei ton phn We 5 dén 8%. 2.7 La hoi budng lira ting sdi tudn hoan khi (CFBC) Vai he thing min hon, efe thang sb in ting mhign Tigu drge duy ri dé thie dy vige loai sach alin hat sin rong ting nhién ligu. Ching ning 1én, pha tr trong din dng len vi ha xuing theo cyelon phn li vi quay ta bi, Trong ting nbign lig, Khong co ong sinh hoi. Vige sinh hot va i qué nhigt oi dign ra 6 bo phvin doi lou, thinh Ong nude va 6 dura cia din Ong nang én Cée 18 hoi bubng kia ting s6i twin bon ki thuomg icin hon so vi Ib boi budng lia tng si khdng Kh Kkhi gp dmg tong cae doanh nghigp cong nghiep cin sir ding Iugng hoi linhon 75 ~ 100 Tih. Véi ee tha my c6 nhu civ Kim hon, nbirdge diém a dit cao ci he thing Bo bung bin ting ci tuin hoa Khi SE cingeip khong tong kin hom dé si dung, cic That ahign lig Kim hom, va thoi gin hu hp thy dt higu suit chiy vi mie SO; cao hon, vige p dung cdc cong nghg dé kiem soa mu NO, cng a ding hon so véi 1a hoi buing lia ting si khong ki 2.8 Ld hoi dit ghi Hung din sir dung nang long hiéw au trong nin cng nghifo Chin A—vovnceneryvefcincyesia one § UNEP iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét Budng lita duge chia tuy theo phuong phap ofp nhign ligu cho lo va kiéu ghi lb. Cée loa cchinh bao gim budng lin ghicd dinh vi bung lia ghi xich hoe ghi di dang, 2.8.1 Buing lin ghtcé ajun Budng lia ghi cd dinh sir dung ‘két hop chay tén ghi 16 va chay trong khi roi. Than duge dua Wién tye vio 1S trén lap than dang chiy. Than nhin duge ihi@l va tin hin ede git dog cia qui inh chy. Nhimg bat than to hom (ghin ebe) rot én hi, chiy vomit lop than mong, chéy nan, Phuong phip dBt niy rit link host vi hing, dio ding mic tai, vi vigedék chy ora ide Uni kh tde dd chiy ting. Vi viy, buing lia ghi ob dink duge ua chudng thom shing log bung lia Khe trong cic img dung céng nghigp. (Department of Coal, 1985) 2.8.2 Bubng lira ghi xich hoje budng lia ghi di ding ‘Than duge cip vio phin cudi cis ghi la dang chuyén dng. Khi ghi chuyén dong doc theo chieu dii cia buong Inga than ely, con x1 roi xubng phia vi. CO2 Lim ting dn min nbiéu, Khi dun trong 1a hoi (CO2 vi O: duce gai phing deci dang khi, kt hep vi HO tgo thanh H2COs lai b8 0. va C02 vi ede Khi Unde trong nude efi Id hoi la rit quan tong di voi tui thp cia thigtj lo cdg nhu sy an toda Khi van han. HaCOs an mon kim logi, gidm tw tho ea thigt ‘bj va Ong. Né cling lim tan sit (Fe), khi quay tai Id hoi, chat ny s& ké: tha, tgo cin im 1d hoi va éng. Cin sii khong chi larm'giém tuoi tho cita thiét bj ma céa ting Ineng ning kxong. can sir dung dé truyén nbidt Logi bo khding khieé thé lam bing ecrhge, hod hge hoge ea hai. Loat bo khong khi eo hoc Loai bo khéng hi ec hoe dé loai bé céc Khi hod tan throng duge sir dung truéc Khi thém chit tay oxy. Loa bo khong khi co hoe diva trén quy lust vat I§ ciia Charles vi. Henry. Mét eich Sm. ti rnhimg quy Iugt nay chi ta ring ¢6 thé Logi BO Nage cip noi boi 02 va CO2 hing cach =. ‘gia nhigt cho nude cip To hei, nbs 6 Kam gia néng 46 02 va CO2 & 5 pal bat ‘nude ep, Phuong phip (kus) J ‘ogi bo khing khi ea hoc siz dung kinh 1é nit ta diém soi cia nude & ap suat cia tht bj loai bo oe khong khi, Thiet bi loai phi rw it ba kiéng Kai co hoe ¢6 Hoi Hua dn sie dng nng hao hd qué roms nin cng nghiép Chi Aw oefneticenpasinge 2 Nee tae bs inh 14. Logi bi khing khi ea hoe ‘Nguén tham khio: Hoi dong Ning suit quée iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 2363rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia mhiét loai chin khéng va Logi dp suit ‘Thigt bj logi bo khéng khi chin khng hogt dng 6 mic ap suit khi quyén duéi day, tai khoing 82°C, va c6 thé giém him long O: trong nuse xubng dui 0,02 mg/l, Cia sir dung ‘bom chén khing hae bom hoi dé duy tri chin khong. ‘Thide bj logi b khing Uni dp suat hog! dng biing cich da hei vio mde edp qua van kiém soit dp svat dé duy tri ép suit van hinh mong mudn, vi vay, nhigt d9 6 mite ti thigu 105°C. Hoi lam tang nhigt d9 mu6e gidi phong Oz va CO: ra khOi Né thong, Thiétbj nay c6hé giam ‘ham emg O2 xubrg, 0,005 mg Khi cé hoi ap suit thip dir, c6 thé lve chon dp suit vn hainh 43 tin dung hod, nh 4, znaing cao higu qua kinh té cia nhign ligu. Trong hé thong 1d bi, bai duge ua chugng ding ccho logi bi khang ki vi: + Hoi dje bigt khong 66 O2va CO * Hoiluin sin 06 Hoi giip gia nbigt cin thst d8 phan img hoan tat Hug din siding nang long hiéw au trong nin cng nghifo Chin A-—vovncenermvefcincyesia ong 23 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét Logi ba hing khi hod hoe Mie dit cic thiét bj loai bo khong khi co hee gidp giam O2 xuéng mite rét thdp (0,005 mg), hung mot lung O2 rat nbd cing o6 thé gly ma tae hai an mon be thong. Do dé, céc kink rghigm vin inh byp If cho thy cin phai logi bo née phan C rat nho d6 véi chat logi bo O2 rnhu natri sulfi hoge hicrazin, Nati sulfit phan mg voi O2 tgo thanh natri sulfa, gtip ting ‘TDS trong nuic 16 hoi va ting chit lung nude cap qua xir If va yéu ciu xi day. Hidrazin phan img véi 02 tgo thank nite va nudc. Cich bai bo nay luda duge sir dung véi lo bri sip ‘suit eao khi img chit in trong nite [het thip, va khdng lim ting lrgng TDS trong mate Tham thé ngueye “Thi thas nguge dra tn nguyén tc li khi cig dung dich v6 ndng d@ Unie ahaw dupe tich riéng boi mang ban tham, nude 6 dung dich nong 6 thap hon sé di qua mang ban tham dé hoa tan wi ding dich e@ ndng dd cao hon, Néu dung dich c6 ning é@ cao hom duge du dp. 4quy tinh sé ngage Iai va nude tirdumg dich c6 néng & cao hon chiy ngage vé nude & dung dich néng d@ thp on. Ching ta go dé la thim thu ng. Dang doh st ding ka da ‘igmnay Cae mic dng dich de nau It dpsudt Dung deh ob Dung dic oda ‘dahon on ns we Bain chit cia mang ban thim cho phép nude thm qua tir tr hom so véi kkoding tan, Vi mgéic 4 dung dich lodng hon sé hoa tan véi mde & dung dich dm djc hom, nue di qua mang sé tao m sur chénh Iéch dng ké gitta hai dung dich. Su chénh Kéch p suat nay 1a thube do sur cchénh Gch néng 45 gitta hai dung dich va duge oni la mire chénh Igch Ap suat thm théu, rol A Dang dish de Dang dich oan > Ding mie Ming thi Hung din sic dung nang long iéu au trong ngink cng nghio Chin A—vnvncenersvefcincyesia ong 24 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 2563rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét Khi ip dung Ap suit vio dung dich dim dc e6 sp suit cao ham cao hem mite chénh Kch sp suat thim thau, huimg cia nsec di qua ming sé nguge Ii vi quy trinh thim tham ngzoe duge thié ip. CO ngha Ia, kbd ning ea mang dOi v6i nude thim qua khong thay di, chi 5 hndng cia ding née thay A Anant aE Nude cp —> = Nurée loc See ass ing ie Ming baia thim Sordi nusve aip vi mute 08 de (ding thai) minh hog hé théng thim théu ngage win kink lien me. Chat lung nud duge vir ly phy thude vido néng 4@ cia dung dich phia c6 dp suat cao va cchénh Igch 4p suat qua mang. Quy trinh nay phi hop v6i ede loai nade «6 TDS rit cao, nhu nude bien, lohoi a audit 3.3.6 Chit hngng muse chp (Cac tgp chat c@ trong nudc cia 10 hoi phy thuge vao chit lnong nude dp khéng duge xt I. qua inh wir Ij duee sir dung va quy trinh vin kinh Io hei. Trén nguyén tc chung, dp suat ‘vn hanh cia Id hoi cng cao, mite d@ nhay eam cia lé hat vei cdc tap chat eang Kin, Hung din siding nang luong gw ua trong ngsin cng nghio Chin Avovncenersvefcincsesia one 28 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét ‘CAC GIOT HANNUGC CAP DEXUAT US 10°92, 982) Hiss Cho ti 20kgiem® | 21-39kgiom? | 40-5¥kem™ Ting hong (15d) ppm 0,08 002 on Ting omg Angi) ppm 08 000 on Ting rong le ot) pp 10 oo on ‘Oxy (i ds) ppm 092 or on Hidrain de ppm - - 002.004 pHa 2c ae aea2 S292 Bi cing pm 10 os (CAC GGT HAN NOI HOT DEXUAT (S 1032, 193) Hest Cho wi 20 kxem® [21-39 hglem’ [40-9 ken? 10S, pm 30003501 500250) | S0ni500 Teng hog ct in ta pp 500 20 1% 1p in die rigne al 28°C bo) inno 30 300 Phosghat dpm 2040 2040 1525 pw 2s¢ wwi0s wows 9.102 Silex (8) pp 3 5 © 4. CAC GIAI PHAP SU DUNG NANG LUQNG HIEU QUA Phin niy bao gdm si gi phi sit ding ning lurmg higu qu ln quan dén qua trinh de chi, truyén nit cd in thit ob thé tanh Khoi, cu thy dign ph tro, chit hagng née, vx diy ‘Tén thit ning lugng va ede gisi phip sie dung ning lung higu qua trong Io hoi e6 thé lin quandén qu trinh dét chy, truyén nit, céc ton that o6 thé tr khei, ti8u thy dig phy trey cao, chat iurgng nude va xa day. Céc gid php sir dung ning long higuqua tronghé théngla hoi of thé lign quan dis Kim soit abigt d@ khoi lb un so bj nude cp sir dung bo tidtkigm Say sorb hi dit GGiamthigu qua trinh dt chy Khong hodn tt Kiémsost khi dr ‘Trinh én thit shit do be xa va di ew Kidmsoit xa diy ty dong Giimtdn thitdo ofr va mudi Gimp suit hot us Whi 10. Str dung thiét bj kiém sodt toc d6 vé cap cho quat. bom va quat diy 11, Kigmsodt mite tai eta ld boi 12. Lip lich trinh oot dng cia 18hoi chun 13. Thay lo hoi \Nhiing gidi phip ny duge gii thich trong nhimg phan tiép theo. Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong ng cdng nghip Chin A—worwenervefcionsesiaone 26 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 2783rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 4.1 Kiém soit nhigt dj knot 1 [Nhigt deh lo nn cing thdp eang tt. Tuy nbién, nist 69 niy khing én thip 181 mis hot nude & Ong xa ngung tu o thanh Ong. BiSu nay quan trong vi nding nhiga ligu e6 ham bong Tu buynh cao vi nbigt d@ thdp sé dn dén an moa do hau huynh bi dong suong . Nhiét dO kh 16 can hom mire 200°C cho thy tiém nang thu hii nigt thi, Nhigtd@ cao nhe vay cing cho thay c6 cin bm trong thit bj truyénvthu hoi nbig, vi vy cn ign hinh xa diy som dé Lam sachnudeboi 4.2 Dun nong so b9 nue cp sir dung thigt bi trao déi nhigt ‘Thong thumg, khi thai cia tb hoi dang vo sd 3 bac c6 nhigt dé khosng 200 dén 300°C. Do 6, 66 ido ning thu hii nit tt Kh To, Nbigt dk 1 thai 1d boi thuimg duye duy ti & ‘ic 16 thiéu 200°C, 48 hau huynh oxit trong khi fo khong bi ngumg tu va gay ra anmon 6 be mat ruyén nhigt. Khi st: dung nang Ilueng sich nh Ki twnhiga, LPG hase diu, Wi fh kinb 18 tirthu hoi nhigt s$ cao hom vi nhigt &} khild ef thé drge duy i 6 mite dudi 200 °C. ‘Tidm nang tit kigm nang lung phu thude vao loai fy hor va nin ligu st dyng. Véi Ie hot dang v6 50 oi diga hin, wi nhigt d3 khi lb chai ra li 260 0, 66 the sir dung thi bi Economizer (b) him nurse) dé giém xwing 200 oC, ting nhigt d nude cip 15 oC. Higu suat ihigttoan phan c6 thé sé tang 3%. Véi 16 hot, dang v6 SO 3 bie sir dung khi thien nhien tien tién, nhigt d6 Khi I tha, 140-SC, six dung thst bj tro déi nhigt naumg tu sé gidm nhigt 4 xudng cba 65°C, ting higu svat nigt ln 5 % 4.3 Sy néng so bd khong khi cp cho ld Sy ning so bd khéng khi dp 1 li Iya chon thay thé cho dun néng so bd mugs. Dé ting higu suat nit lén 1 %, cn ting nhigt &6 ki chay len 20 °C. Phin lin cfc 15 d6t du va gas sit dung trong dy chuyén Ib hor li e6 thigeké khong phit hop wei nhigt d3 sy khi so} cae. Cée lo dét hign dai c6 thd chju due nhigt d6 séy khi se b@ cao bon nhigu, vi vay nén sir dung thidt bj nay nur Li b§ tao ddi nbigt khi thai nbue la gidi phip thay thé cho thiét bj ‘economizer, khi khing gian hoge nhiét d6 thu hoi nude cap cao dip img duge yéu cau. 4.4 Qua trinh chiy khong hoin tit (Qui trinh chy king bain tt 66 thé 1a do thids khsing hi hoe thie uhign Ligu bode vige phin bd nhign ligu khéng hop Wy. Cé thé thiy 16 khi qua tein chéy khéng hodn tt néu quan ‘at mau hode Kho1 va cin didu chinh ngay. ‘Véi trudng hop h thing dt diu bog ga, CO heii khdi (chi xay ra véi hé thong dét du) vei rite khi dir binh thuémg hoe cao s& cho thiy cic true tric etia hé thing. Mat nguyn nhin ‘hung thiy cua qui trinh dé chy khéing hodn tit Igy 1é pha ten nin ligu va khong khi 6 li dit sai, Diu chiy kém e6 thé Lido d} nbt khong chun, du dit bj tic, hign tung eachon hoa 6 du ddt va su-xudng cp cia thiet bj Khuyéch tan, Voi 1d dt than, cacbon chua chéy ¢6 thé din dén tin thit rit lon. Digu nay xy ra kai e6 carbon trong xi va ding thém Iuyng nhigt ep cho lo hoi ken hon 2%. Kich thuéc than khang. Hing din sir dung nang long iéw au trong ng cng nghio Chin A—wovacenersvefcincsesia org 27 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét dang du cing c6 thé 1 mat nguyén nbn Kaién qua trinh chay khong hodn ta. G buéng hka aghi sich, nhimg hat than to. chiy hit, cin nhimg hat nbo vi min slim te during thang i, gay 1a phin phii khong khi khong déu. Véi nhimg budng lira phun, vige digu chinh gid vilhe thong chy qua lim co thé ak hung dén se ton Usiteacton, Tang lxgng hat min trong than nghién cing c@ thé gy ton that eacbon, 4.5 Kiém soit khi due Baing dui diy dus ra khdi krgng trén ly thuyét khi cl €8 4&1 véi ede logi hig ligu khée hau. ‘Trong tit ca cée trudmg hop thyc té, cia mot lnqng Khi durdé dim bio qui trinh chiy hea tit, c’cho phép cé sai sé trong qua trinh dat va dim béo cic digu kign khilo thich hop dat vei mét ‘6 logi nhign ligu, Lume Kkhi dr tai ry cho higu gua cao nhat cia 16 hor i khi tong Irene tn tht do qua trinh chay Khong hod tat va tén thit do nhigt thai qua Khi 16 duge gidm thicu. Mite dj khi du nay 06 thi dao dng tu thuge thiit ké 10, loi 18, nhign liga va ode bign 3} cia quy trink, Mize 46 khi du nay c6 thé duge xc dinh thing qua cdc kiém dina véi cic ty Ie ‘nbén Ligu kh khic nhau, | CACSO LIEU QUA TRINH CHAV TRENTY THUYET=CACNHIEN LIEUNOT HOT PHO BIEN) (Hiding Ning ult abe gi, kins mhigm de 1) gKhdsgkhi | CO; tong Kil dy duyetréa iia | tage a8 vo Coal item) 167 wos Thao as ous Vous a3 tas a 57 np Nui igu one Daadit Bs ous sis is os “CRE NTC RHE DU TEN HINT VOT_CAC TORT NUTEN THEN KHAG NWATT ((Hidéng Nang suit quie gi, kinh nghiém thge té) ina ig ‘Cacloal ib dit woge bubug die Khaw a theo Kadi ge) Thannghiga TT mnie Tv dn tin Tq Bo Fe to ES 1320 TE mr Trt Gt pin dE bal boro 1530 Tan Dig ia gi ob 30m ing ia gong me Tam mat oa a gh ich vil phi di ding Tig Ti og Tea pt Diwan ig | Codi [Ravwanies —Tegkapse SSS oS Dang Dutch (1025 qua gh 1) wing Hot mas Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong ng cdng nghifp Chin A—worwenervefcionsasiaone 28 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét Bi ia Theacdeld 2535 Dicken TE thu VEN a gu oh Bt Pd wd a0 Kiém soa khi dur mite 6i uu luén gip gidm tim tht qua kh6i os cdr mdi 1% kei dur gid s& giip ting higu suit Khodng 0.6% Hign nay c6 eée phyong phip khée nhau nim kiém sodt khi duc * Sir dung thift bi phan tich Oxy cim tay va ddng he do hn lugng khi 8 ghi ede thong s6 dinh ky giup huong din nguon van hanh diGu chinb Leu hong khi nha datduge van hin i wu. C6 the giim ki du Ken t6i 20% ‘Ph bign nhat bi thiet bj phan tich Oxy lién tye wi ding h do Iuu luong khi duge gin bin tong 48 doo theng s, ir 46 ngud van hin 26 th3 digs chsh ns ong Whi. So véi 18 thing trade, thigtbi nay e6 thé gp gam duoc thém 10-15 % + Thigt by phan deh Oxy lin tus twang ty e6 shidt bf van didu wd dibu Khién 1 xa, we a6 cic thing s6 s8 o6 sin trong budng digu khién, Nb viy ngudi vin han 4 thé kiém soat tirxanhiguhé thangdét cing le = ‘Thigtbi phic top nhat li hé thong diéu Khién van didu tiét te déag ef chi phi rit cao, chi hit hyp vei nig he théng len, 4.6 Giim thiéu tin thit nbigt do bire xa va déi lu Bé mt bin ngodi cia Ié hoi dang v6 si néng hon xung quanh. Do dé, bé mat nay sB bj ton ‘tht ahigt ra xung quanb, tu) thuge vlo dign tich bé mat va sy chéah Ich mhigt 6 gita be ‘mit vi xung quanh, ‘Tan thdt abit 6 18 hoi dong v6 36 thuing i tba thit ning hngng ob dish, Khéng phy thude vvio diu r cia lo boi, Cie lb hoi hit ké ign dai, mite tén tht miy c6 the chi la 1.5 % tong ‘ning suit toa nigto mic cao nbd, nhung s& tng ln khoang 6 %, uo hv chi vin bah & amie 25% dir, Sirn chita hoe ting euring hio dn s@ gip gim tin thit nhigt qua thiah vi dng ld hei 4.7 Kiém soat xa day ty dng “XA diy lian tue khéng dge kiém sost s8 rt king phi. Vi viy nén kip dt thiét bj kim seat xa day ty ding, aromg img véi 46, din,ciia mde li hoi vi pH. Méi 10% xa day & la het 1Skplem? sé din dén t6n that higu suat Li 3% 4.8 Glam tin that do cin va mudi 6 lo hoi dét than va du, mudi bém vip éng. la yéu 16 each ni logi bo mudi mgt céch thyamg xuyén, Nhigt d6 Kh6i Io ting c6 thé la do mudi him nhieu qua (Cn him oiing gay ra nkiig an hurmg nhs vy vi nue. Nhigt deh 1 thai eso vi mite {chi cu bin thyong cho thay hoat dng tuyén nbigt kim. Hogt dng truyén mbigt kim c6 the do mudi khi ogc ean bam. Vi egn bam 6 nugc edn xem xt Ia quy tinh xi I nude va Lam sachéng. Ue tinh, nhig d6 khi lb ei ting 22°C sé gy ra ton that nigt wie tinh khoing 1%. san té trae d6i ahigt. Cin Hung din siding nang luong iéw au trong ngin cng nghio Chin A—vnvncenersvefcincyesia org 29 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét ‘Cn thudng xuyén kiém tra va ghi lai nhigt d6 khi ld vi chi sb nay phn nh Iugmg mudi bi Khi iat d& keh lo vungt qué nhist 6 cia Ib hei moi dugte Lam sach hosing 20°C cing 1a lic phi logi ba musi. Do 46, chung t6i dé xuat Kip dit nbigt ké theo thang 46 tai noi die Ong IkhGidé quan tric mbit dG khi thi Ue tinh, lop mudi day 3 mm sé lim ting mic tu thy ning hnyng kn 25 % do nbigt 49 kh lo ting. Cé thé phai nging diy chuyén theo dinh ky dé lam sach bé mat Io bie xa, ng, th 'bj Economizerva sy khi dé logi bo ning mudi bam kh6 cbju niy. 4.9 Giim dp sudt ld hoi ‘Day 1d mit céch higu qui gip gim tigu thy nhign ligu, néu c6 thé, xuéng khosing ti 1 dén 2 %. Ap suit hoi thip hon sé glam nhigt d6 hoi bio hoa va khéng thu boi nbigt ka6i fo mbigt 4 ccna kh6i 1b ding giam xudng. mite tung tw Hoi thing duge to thinh & mie dp sudinhigt 46 cao shit cin mt guy tinh ahit dink ‘Trong mit suring bgp, quy tinh khing van hink lin tac, vi cd nhimg ie o6 th gm &p suit fo, Nhimg cing cin nh ring. vie gm ap sud Io hoi st gidm the teh réng eum hot trong 1 vi foi khong kh ra koi dau ra cin 13 hoi mt eich higu qua, mang theo nage. Cn 'b pu trich ming hrgng ci cng ty cin xem xét ning tie dang cua vige giam dp suse mot cach cin thn, de kh dé suit hue hin. Nén gm dp suit theo time sia doan, va Kine nén giimnhigu hon 20 % 4.10°Thiét bj kiém soat the d9.v6 chp Lip cho quat, quat thét va may bom ‘Thiét bj kiém soat te dé vé edip Ka mot edch higu qua gidptiét kigm nang lxgng. Nhin chung, kim sosit khi bj ani hiring bat ede wan digw tit cia quat hit casing bike. Mie dis nhiimg van digu tit I cich kim sodt rét dow gidn, nhumg ching thigu chinh xéc, c@ cdc dic tinh kéimm sot kém chi tai digm dau va digm cudi cia khosing vin hah, Nhin chung, néu 1d hai e8 mice ‘ai thay dai, nén xem xét kha ning thay van diu tit bing thiet bj kiém soit tc d6 v6 cd. 4.11 Kiém soit tai 1d hoi Higu suit tdi da oi 18 hoi khdng dat ge mite dy tai, ma Lio mie 2 dy ai, NEw ti 1 hot giim xubng nia, higu suat cling 5 xuhudng giam. O san hong bing khong, higu suat cla 1d hoi bing khing, va nbién iu dbt sé chi igo ra ton tht, Nhong bg s6 and hudng dé hhigusuat 6 hot bao gor: +” Khi giim ti, git ti lu long kh lo qua ede éng cing giim, Kbi lun lugng ki gdm véi cing mat dgn ie trayn nit s& kim giim mt cht nit Ki To, Lim gidm ton that hig. + 6 dist mnie mim ti, ede thidt bj chy odin thim Ki due d3 dit chiy hit nhieu, Vi thé ‘in thit nhit ting. [Noi chung, higu suit Ia hoi cé thé gidm ding ké xudng dri mize 25 % ti va nén tein vn hanh lohoi duéi mite nay cing it cang ta. Hung din sic dung nang long iéw au trong ngin cdng nghio Chin A—vorncenersvefcincyesia ong 30 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 31163rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 4.12 Lich trinh vin hinh 1d hei chun Vili hoi dat higu suit t6i uwkhi hoat ding @ mite 65-85 % day ti, shin chung, vanhanh it 16 hoi ¢ mie tai cao hom se higuqua hon la vn hah nhiéu lo hoi o mic tai dp. 4. ay thé We hot ‘Tide nang tig: kigm mbit thay thé 1d hoi phy thude vio thay dai cia higu sud toa phn dy ign. V8 mat ti chinh, gi phip hay id hoi sé rit hap dn néu Id oi dang si dung eb nhs yeu 6 sau: = Ca vakhong higu qua ‘= Khéng thé sir dung nin ligu thay thé ré tién hom, 1 Kich at qui to hoe qu tha so vi cfc yu cit hign ti ‘Buge thiet ké kang phi hop wi cfc dicu kign tai ly tuemg, [Nehign cfu tinh kha thi clin xem xét tit ed cdc Kha ning c6 sin nbién ligu liu dai va ké hhogeh phat trien cua cong ty. Can tina dén ede yéu t6 tal chinh va ky thugt. Vi nbling day chuyén 1d hoi truyén thing c6 tui thy hon 25 nm, can nghién ci ky tneée hi tién hin thay thé Hug din sic ding nang luong hiéw ua trong nin cng nghito Chin A—vovncenersvefcincyesia ong 31 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 5. DANH SACH SANG LQC CAC GIAI PHAP Phin nay bao gém cic giai php thng dung nbat gidip nang cao higusut ld bei Nhamg céng vige va kiém tra dinh ky bén ngoai ld hoi Sit dgay ce wing fon dd tin i 6 i La ds oa vin. * Céic moi nb cs thdng dng ho phi kin va bio Sn neu can Vo mgoat ve bo phan culo hot phat dug bao on higu qua. Ligu lap bao on hign tah «6 higu qua khong? Nau I hot, ng va kc xy lank muse nog due bio On te mot sé nm tna thi biy gis lop bio dn ray le qu mong, mic ds bin ngodi nhin van t6t. Nen a Ki bio &mchi hi ning mg thip hon hy gk niu. C& thé senting diy + Vio aidi hy lm vigs, ede Lo boi nén duge ding kin odin toan, gic bE mat bén trong nén dupe théng khi tr nhign vio mia hé hose gin kin hointoin Vi Key chim ce at im iho (hi py dung cho cc Ib boi co that gan nghi gia cdc ky kim vig) 5.2 La hoi: cic yéu tb phu ip dung cho 1d hoi nue néng va hoi nude + Thung suyén kiém tra mie d ding ofa hoje bin trong 1b hei hofe TDS cia mabe 13 boi mdi ca, nhing king nhigu hon mét kin mai ngiy. Cac gp chit tong nude 1 hoi ©d ic trong 1d va ndng d6 ds c6 gidt han phu thudc yao loai lo hoi va tai. Nen gidm thigu xa dy 16 hoi, nhimg phai ding abit voit) trong nude phi yp. Ta thu nbigt te meae xi aay. 1 VGi bi hari, vige airy mre phi hop dé tn tga bot vl mie mai gy qu ti ue abo’ chavcdpeho hg thing hoi? # Vi B hoi tai: did bj kim voit mye made ty dmg ob dg Aiden tr dah ky khong Vige sir dung cae dng néitrong c6 the de bit way nguy him, + Cac ro. Abi sung quanh cia kiém tra fo hor hoge git 1o ho va éng khoi © axge kim ta dinh ky khong? Cac ra ri ung quanh cira kiém tra Io hoi ¢6 the Lam giam hiéu suat 1a cde rb i hi gita Ib hoi va Ong ki o6 thé lim giim hing khdng ki sin e6, kich thich hinhthinh nude ngmg, mon virmugi + Nan sit dung ede hit by phn tich Kh od kidm ta cic du kign eta qua tinh chy i nist ai Hin mi ky hogt dong va dilu chin fy 16 nhién liguhkhOng kh néa cia. * Cc thidt bj kigm soit hont dg thy 1é vi phong ngia ph duge dia nhin thich bop va kgm ia haem xuyen, * Cac van khos phi dave ci dat chéd vin hinh hing uy vieé chudng bid + Nan e6 cde digm kidm tra hoge ede dng ho e6 dinh gin vio lp hoi dot diu dé do nhigt 4i/apeudt vin Kin + Voi cic 16 hoi dit diu bode Ui, néu cée dung diy edp cin bg thing tit (Ang) rong tiudng gp ob ehily boxe qua mbigt chgy ngang qua I6i éF thi ching phil dage dR 0 Khoang eich cao hon daungudi +H thong ngimg hoa! dong kin cp nén duge dBt ti ova racua nha dit lb hoi + Dé qiim n mon, cin thye hién ede buve dé gm thiéu thdi gan nbigt d cua muc tt sung qua diem suong, nit Ia vi ci Io hoi dtd hoje than f+ Nhiing nhi my sit dung nhidu nhign Higa thung e6 ring thigt bj cn va c6 thi Kido tra taye tap khi nlign fiw dzge mang dén, Néu khong of thia bj nay, thing thong ban e6 seusciu nha cung ep nbn liga thy c€nG edn edn eOug (hoge ean nd nha my nn gn 46) dé kigm tra? Voi cde nha cung cd abign liga long, ban c6 kiém wa que thim cia xe Khong? “Hung din siding nang long iéu au trong ng cng mph Chin A—wovncenersvefcincyesia one 32 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét + V6i diy chuydn 1 boi, cin dim bio sir ng nig ligu phi hap. Véi nhiga igu rin, kich hoje thir phism phi hap Li et quan trong, xi vi hm ligng dim phai tn theo this ké tan diu cia diy chuyén, Vai ahign Ligu dau, cin dim bio fd abot phi hop vi To vd cl Kido rang dO cia dd obi fi + Vige quan trie sir dung mhignlgu can thre hig cing chinh xc cing tt. Do hing nhién gu tan ph sit hte = Voi lé hoi dot dau, kiém tra vi sira chita cdc bé phan. Nén thudng xuyén thay doi voi dot vi lim sach edn thin dé phong tinh tht haicho bo diu dt Nan xerm nt li uy tinh ita chit va hit, fe bigt 18 vi img tht bj chit bi dm soit vi dig bj quan tic Thing auyét on sgh 68 ange ruydnnhigt dB duy ti higu sult 6 mie eae nb 6 Ud + Dim bao ring nbn vign vin kin 10 hoi thing thude quy einh vn hinb, die bigt fa véi cic tht bj kigm soit msi + Ban di bao gio xem xét Kh ning thu hii nbidt tr khi thai cia 1p hoi? Cée b9 rao dd higthign da hign esd phi hp vi hau ha cc log vi kch of 10 Ban of kidm tr 18 116 ede van née ofp qua xi Iy cia bi cdp vi bé gia nhift, bio 6n he tén tht nue qua nude thai khdng? C6 thé na sin ut € bao On diy chuyén lo td, Ligu bio & phi nbign gu hign may? Kidmtra d) diy Oi wu + Khdiligg hoi sin sinh nhigu, hay dw we Lip dt dng hd hoi +o sin long hai vi diu vio cia rhign igu, TY Ié hoi vai sign ligula ech do iu suit Is hoi chi, 1 Sirdung hé thang quan tre di cb: «8 cho thiy ofc du higu xung cp. + Cdn thydng xuyén kidm va chit luong vi dé tinh khiétcua nude cp. = Thin thoing kiém ua ding bd hoi vi theo thai gian, do an mon diu Uk hoge 1 do, ching bj ang efp. Cin luu 9 1 dng hi hoi chi dge chiah xic 6 ap sult hoi di duye iu chin, C6 the phi higu chinh i + Kiemtra 1 ri cdc ong. moi ndi, iy boi, c4é nhimg ché kong tip cin de. + Nhimg dng khéng st dung nén ch ring va ahing ong this nén loa bo Di céai dige chi djnh 46 vin hank va kiém ira tng quan sau Khi ip dit? Cag vi nn duge néud trong hin mo ti cong vige cia nguai d, High c6 ede tai Higu oy ban dudi dang ban ve, chi dn van hinh va chi iét bdo tri dé cung cp cho nbin vign dé khéng? + C6 sénhit ky €@ ahi Iai cae dit igu vé bio tri dl thu higo, ede thong sO khi 1b thwe i mic tiéu thu nbién ligu hing twin hodc hing thang va cic nhan xét khong? + Dim bio ring ép suit hoi khng cao hon yéu chu. Khi ti ayng ban dém it hom ban agi xem xét Lhd ning du chinh dp suit dso ding tong dai ng hon vo ban dém akim sim in suit tbo dit hog han ché ted dt ti da cia 18 + Xem xét miu edu bio wi ce 10 ho! wong du kign de phong-thudng gay von thd ani Wong inhdén, Cie 1d hoi wong chi dd chr cin dug tich riéng Khi va chat long + Sicdung nbit kj vin hinh cia phing dit Ib boi dé so sinh cic két qua hoat dng véi mye tidy, Khi kgm ta qui trinh chiy. w... vi cic thiét bj cdi tay, dim fio Ti vige kid tra tye hign du din vi cic digukign ti dage ghi li wong mbit ky: % of COs che hia tbidamia ia, w. + Da kiém ta diy chuyén nhim dim bio li dao dng ti lm khng do vn hin ede hit bj ‘rong phong 4310 bot sai gay ra vi dy nh til kid soattép gu, sia cha hong he cia he thong gp lig. + He thong nusc ning e6 duge pha them phy gia ching in man va duge kiém tra hang nim dé xem nong dé c6 cin thich hop khéng? Dam bao ring phy gia ny KHONG duve dura niiy ob phit hyp vai chi nay Hung din sic ding nang luong hiéw au trong nin cng nghifo Chin A—vnvncenersvefcincyesia one 33 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thié bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét vio. be gia nhiit nude ning sinh host vi ching sé tim him Kin née m cde voi & bé + Thu hai toin muse ngimg énhimg noo thé vi sé tt kif dug nang ong kh én, 5.3 Khu vue ld hoi va khu vure day chuyén + Mé cia thing khi vi thing suyén lim sach va kiém tra khu vue e6 cita mo dé dm bio thong thong Khdng sir dung budng thiStbj lim kho ehiea, lly khi hay sy kbd. Vige io datimg bom va cée van tu dong cb tudn theo chi dn cia nha sin xudt khong? ‘Céc bom dang boat dng va o ché d9 eho e6 duge thay d6i nhaw mdi dng moe Ln? [Nha may e8 lip ed van eich ly bom? ede én cia bom ab Lip diém kiém trap swat mhigt hoge céc chi 6 kh khong? Vo bum c4 Lip thiet bj thost khi khong? Céc b} phan chuyéndénge6 duge bio vé khing? ‘Bam bio thuimg xuyén kiém ta dé chi xi ea ee thi Kigmitra bing mat thuomg cfc vét rb 6 ee Ong va van Kigmtra xem efe thiét bj an tein c6 hot d6ng higu qua khong. Kigmitra ese tigp xe dign c6 ch va antodn khdng. ‘Dam bio ring cic v6 thié bi va cic nap an toin éding vi ti Kigm tra efe du cim. dim bio ring ching soch, khong tic vi khéng tidp xie wi ege dig kign xu, vi dy nur di cim nhigt dB khOng duge tgp xtc voi éah mit tre true tiép hoge dit gin dng néng hoe diy chuyén cia guy tinh ‘Dam bio ring chi nkimg ngudt c6 phn su msi duge si: dung cdc thigt bi dibu Khién, Mi bo phan cua day chuyén ein vin hah khi cin va nén duge kiém sodt ur dong, ‘Thigt bj diéu khin thoi gian va tt ahat fi todn bo dy chuyén, nén durge ty dng, hod ‘Voi nhimg kip dit nhiéu fb hoi, céch ly ec I hot khong nam trong nku cau sin sing hoot dang. nén tach bist voi phia munée vi néu ob thé c& Khi. Dim bao ring cae Io har nay Kong thé bi chi. + ‘Tic rigng hg thing bor (c6 bio vé) gp gidm tn that abit * Véiniimglap dat nhigu Ib hot * Yoininimghe thong gm nhidu 1 hot, nén Lp dat thit bi kiém sodt ty dong tai cua 1 hot sao cho S618 hei host dng dp img nhucdu hoi cia hg théng, + Nén gidm ahigt d6 van hanh lo hos d nhimg ch6 6 the baing nimg thiét bj ben ngoai 16 bi vi vii ld het van hinh trong di nit 6 Khe, di inh thing. bi 5.4. Nurée va hoi + Nuse cip cho Ib hoi phi dip img duge cic itu chudn do nha sin xuit dua ra, Nude phi soch, khGng mau va khong Han tap chat fo Lig + Dacimg ti da: 0.25 ppm CaCO3, ‘pH 8-10 lim chim hogt tinh va Simon. pH ahd hom 738 kim ting t8e 46 in min do tinh ait + 02 i tam abd ho 0,02 my/l.O2 aut hig cimy S02 gay hig trong + CO2: Nén duge duy tid mite rit tip. CO2 xudthign eing O2 gay hign twong Sn mon, ‘je bigt la voi dng va cae hop kim chizs déng. Nude khéag duoc chia du 5.5 Nurée Io hi “Hung din sic dung nang long hiéw au trong ng cng nghio Chin A—vovncenersvefcincyesia ong 34 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 3863rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia mhiét + Nuse phi cd ti kitm—trong ving 150 ppm CaCOB va trin 50 ppm CaCO3, pH= 8,3 “Tinh Hiém nn hd hom 120, + Tag chitin nn dy tig dui mite gid tj wot qua mie d) nhiém bin cia he, d@trin go racdn bam tren ede dudng din boi chink va thigt bi gia nbiét + Phosphat king nén vugt qua 25 ppm P2 05. Nuoe edp qua ni ly chi duge chia mt hagng rit nbd slic oxit. Lurmg slic oxit pha hon 40 ppm & nude 16 hoi va 0,02 ppm & het, duéi dang SiO2. Néu lung nay lon hom, ching sé im &eanh tua bin ‘Gicnng trong auc lo hoi ti da theo dE xu eda Higp hi Cie nh sie xultlb hoi Mi. fpsult bet #1 be lta) ‘Ning.d§ aude B hol i da ppm) 020 350 2030 “00 30-40 2500 0.30 ‘2000 50.60 10 0.70 as Foto 100 + Cn lip dit dy chuyén nirly nude thai thich hap nhiim dim bio d5 tinh Khi&t cia nue ‘a cn thu xép liu ugng hod chit dé kiém soat chit lugng nude. Ap dung xa dy néu ring dd vugt gui gi han cho php theo quy dinh cia aha sin xuit + Tinh kigm khing duge wot qui 20 % tong nong d, Li hoi pha duge duy ti & mye ude thich hop. Thing throng lap dat hai dong ho dé dim hio dieu nay. + Nau vin hash cd tin hinh xi dinh thuing xuyén 6 mi ca, hofe it nhét mdi ngiy nt ln Kit bo sin xadt hi dudi 24hingy. 5.6 Quy trinh xa day (BD) (Quy tinh xa diy theo truyén théng va duge sit dung nau sau: 1. ng khod msée Ma van xa (liu y 1 boi thost ra tyr do) ong van xa ‘éng van hoi Ma Van nude Mo van xa (liu ¥ 13 nude thodt ra te do) éng van xa Marwan hei Ma va dong van xa dé xa lin cud [Nuéec du tignchay ra dai dign cho nude 1 boi. Néu nude khng mau, cin timhiéunguyén ban, Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong ng cdng nghifp Chin A—wrwenervefcionvasia one 35 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 6. BANG TINH VA CAC CONG CU KHAC Phin nay bao gém céc bing tinh vé host déng cia 16 boi, hing thu thip sé liéu, phan tich ‘nin Ligu) va eae cong ey khic (Dan sich Kiem ra hoat dong cua le hot; Cac nguyen tee chung; nhiing vige nén vi khing nén Lim) 6.1 Ring tink .g tinh Io hoi 1. HOAT DONG CUA LO HOT STT Don vi Doc Phin teh tay tai Carbon % Hydo % Oxy % Sulphur | % Nita % ‘D6 am % Xi % 2 | GCV nhién lig | KCalke 3 | Oxy trong kh 15 % 4 | Nhige kh (Tp " 5 | Nhigt d) mdi tnréng mang quanb (T3) Loe | 6 | BG Am tong khing khi Kykg thi kh 7_| Chay trong x % 8 [acvxi KCalikg ‘9 | Khi reap (EA) % (rx 100v01-09) 10. | Nhu edu king Khi tin Wy thaydt (TAR) ‘kg ntion [ix C+ (345x - Oy8)) +4,32 x S100 ligu 11 | Luong thi cip dhe 8 ake nbign {1+ EA/100} x khong khitrén Wy thuyét tigu 12 | 6tn tht mbit do Ki Kb % tex (TT /% COD ‘rong dk (hing sb Seige) =" 048" véithan = 056 widiu Hung din sic dung nang luong higu qué trong ng cdng nghifp Chin A—wrwenervefcionsasia one 36 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 7183rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét SIT ‘Tham khio thong so Don yj Doe = 0d cho NG | 13. | %tdm tht mbit do ay hoi mae to tinh do e& % Hi trong nig liga [9x H2 (584+ 045%, TAY GCV nhign liga 14 | % td thi whit do bay boi ed im wrong nin % tiga IM x {584+ 0.45 x (T—T)}] /GCV nbién liga 15] % tn that nhiét do dm trong khong khi % {AAS x B6 im x0,45 (T}~T.) x 100} /GCV ign liga 16 | %t6n that nhiét do chiy trong xi % {xix (100 ~ chéy trong xi) x GCV of xi x 100} / GCV nhign lige 17_| Téng luang tom that % suit % tinh 0 hot 2: RANG THU THAP SO LIEU STT ‘Tham khao thong s6, Don vi Doc 1 | Leni boot 2 | Chat lugng hoi sin sinh TPH 3 | Apsulthei | Reem"(@) 4 | Nhigtas hoi [ 5 | Nhign ligu si dung (Than/DiuiGas, wy...) 6 | Lugmg ahi ligu sir ding TPH 7 | GCV whim fg Kallig 8 | Nhiét dd nuéc cap * 9 | Oxy tong kat % 10 | Nhigt a} khito CT) " 11_| Nhiét d5 méi tring xung quanh(T,) | me 12. | BG dm king kh Kykg thi ko 13 | ehiy tong a % 1a [acvxi [__KCatieg Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong ng cdng nghip Chin A—wrwenerveficionsasia one 37 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét Bing tinh lo hoi 3: BANG PHAN TICH NHIEN LIGU SIT ‘Tham khio thong sb Don vi Doe | Phin teh tuygt dr Carbon % yo % Oxy % Sulphur % Nite % } am % Xi % 2 | GCV niin lew KCaliky 6.2 Danh sich kiém tra dinh ky 1d hoi i tai Wo Sam Hing ney Hing ruin ng Hingnim BD waverly nie | Kim cic van |= am bas Kins |= Ab iing BD ing on hinge Tein nate Op] Kimi Ee] Ding han ip] Eng THE hs nac phe nega La | nate ic ra ‘nam, bom be [ane dedinn | Se hia be com {ig en bo thing Timnguyénnhin | stv dims kit Udnmcrate | eign ban ‘hingén di, chit hil ht ing ‘si ce ning, Rive Xiémim st dv | Donhigtad wasn | Teomg ehing | Toone tha Saidiim kbienhas | sinh think phan | tuin'Sosinhes | ko ligu dt hi ciediém dorvi | thine i doe doe | hing tain GiSrchinb ana | tase de, Cp ting i eo igi on mie dS ‘inh chy hop acim teen dng ip Kh ‘io, Lim sch axing ap Tad igi biphin [Lim seh Todi, Tima we hing wan | Gig cing vis isrksiéasem es | kim eelinh hing tin Lim Soatding binh | ign hip rip, kim svat seal thug Khong co | tack an fon ‘heciaph lim | cil ditcing ign Sebvillinong | Sve nitagiy Che Sota Caan a agg Te hin io bo cio die tah es Vans Kida Thay sia Kimi hapa gt Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong nga cdng nghip Chin A—wrwenervefcionsvasiaone 38 "CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét i rai Wok Sate Hing tein Hing thing Hing aim TAG ing nin Bo Kinin cham, | Cinsed vin se dling dps” | labs thing ‘ringing. Li sh Giang Sem Kicm ta Fong Rémi sv es ng nec cicvons Rav ag ETRE mat obo pin me yah pind Rane Kim mew rs Segqeh ee Tm dial ob oo phn aga Hething Se Tinachciedin | ime cen | Cit ag ie rhino bin inne siveavidign Cie any eT Tamgaheieth | St i. cs ing he Iyliephcrdsy | he vil tn dime dluvathinghit | bao evan inh bis hum 6.3 Cie quy tie chung (“Mules of Thumb") + Guam 9% khi dw sé tang higu suit 6 hen Len 1% (hoge giam oxy dur rongkhot lo 1% sé ting higu suit lo hoilén 1%. * Gam 22°C mbit d6 khi lo 8 ving higu suat 10 hoi Lén 1%. Tang obit d6 nisie ofp Kin 6 °C nar si dung BS hm (thict bj shu hii nue neumg git ‘ide kid 1% tidu thu nbifn liga 1 ho. + Tang nbigt d khsing bli co gud winks dt Len 20 °C sy ser bp tient shat bi, 92 gidip Het ibm 1 % nbién lig + Ma1i5 co duong kinh 3 mm tren dung Ong chita 7 kglen# hot sé lm lang phi 32.650 lit iu nbign igu mbi nim, + 100 m ng hoi wan yi dung kinh 150 mm chia 8 kg/em2 hoi bio hoa sé lim King phi 28 000 lit du dt mii dm, + C6 thi gidm 70% tim that nbigt nb sie dung m@t lop bong nhya 6 dung kinh 45 mm tn be mgt cia dung dich ndng mie nygng@ niet d9 90 °C + Lop mang Khi diy 0,25 mm c6 tri khang trong ty d3i v6i truyén nb ng ding day 330 mn. * Lép mudi bam day 3 mm én bé mat tayén nh c6 thé im ting tu thy nn Lgu Ten 25% + Lip clin him diy 1mm dmurée s8 sing @ nhiing thank Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué rong nga cdng nghip Chin A—wwenervefcionsesia one 39 ‘CUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 6.4 Nhiing vige cin va khing nén lim 1) hoi Nhiing vige cin va khong néa lim 1 hoi Lam Khong bm hung xuyén lim sach mudi quat thot Lim sgch thigt bi do muée moi ca mt Lin Kigmtra van anton, maj twin mt in Xa diy mbi ca theo yéu ei Déngkin tt cf oie cia Kim sot céc dang khi lo Lam sgch, xa ph&u dimg xt rombt ca ‘Theo d6i ka6i lo va kiém sost lta chy Kigmtra bp phn cdp nbign ligu te dong bing sich thing thoang dig cip metic ‘rong mét thoi gian nga. 10, Dink hid tra eden #1 11, Kigmitra hoat ding ctacéc van, van diéu te, wy... mo tuhn mat kin 12, Tra diu mi cho tated cdc thiétbi eo khi 8 ching lam vige tot 13, Gite v3 sinh cic bang cdudao 0 thiét bj digu thin 14, Giesach Kia vie, Khong 66 bi Dat cae phuomg tin chira chiy 6 vi ti lun ludn sin sing. 16 cite din tap PCCC mdi thing mt lan Sénnhit ky phai due dien diy di 16. Bai hémgquat FD nau quat ID dai using 17. Kigmn ra bode big chinks hit bi do COD hoe 02 be thing mét Lin 18, Bh ky kiém tra cae by hoi 19, Can kiém tra chit luong cia hoi, mug mdi ngly mét ln hoje mi ca mot Kin néu ob the 20, Kiémtra chit lugng abién ligu mdi tin rat lin 21, Ma cae van xa gia nhigtphu trong gua tinh Khai ding, 22. Marca van khi Ki kha dng va ki tt 1 3 Khong chim lia dude ngay sau tt hia Khng xa nud khi kh6ng edn thi Kihing morcie cia li khikehing cin ‘hit Khong thiring suyén ding ede van an toin (Kiém soit van hinh) Khong dé phdu chia x1 to gus tt. Khong ting toed chiy len qui git han Khong cap mee the King vin hank lo hi mt eh thy tiga Khong van hah II qué ti ten day 8 Khong dé mize nude qua cao Inge gua tip, Khong van hanh guat thi muéi 1 bo & Khng doi hung quat ID khi dang vin fink Khong quan sittrec tgp ita trong l, sit dung kinh bao ho Trénhdé ep nbién ligu qua diy Khong dé ede nin vien/ky thust vitn chu qua dio to vn ai 16 os Khang xem thuimg ede diu higu bit thud (im thaw thay A, hoa dag thay doi, kad du khién, didutra nguyen nin Kong bo, qua bio thing nim King méi lo si Kiki dé bo tgo than rong ‘econernizer (bs him nuse) (theo di shigt dd.) Khong dé ghi i bj tdng (ri nen igu au) Khéng van hank I hoi véi éng nude bi Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué rong nga cdng nghifp Chin A-wrwenervefcionesiaone 40 "SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit 83rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Thiet bi nhiét: L6 hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét 7. TAL LIEU THAM KHAO Agriculture and A ri-Food Canada. Heat recovery for Canadian food and beverage ‘industries, 2001. www. gt g6.ca/cal/epub’51810/5181-0007_e.txml Considine, Douglas M. Energy Technology Handbook. McGraw Hill Inc, Now York. 1977, Department of Coal Publications, Government of India. Fluidised Bed Coal-Fired Boilers Department of Coal, Inia, prepared by National Productivity Council. Caa! — Improved Tecinigues for Efficiency. 1985 Elonka, Jackson M, and Alex Higgins, Steam Boiler Room Questions & Answers, Thitd Edition Energy Machine, India. Energy Machine Products, Thermic Fluid Heater: Flowtherm series. swowrsvarmstream,co,inprod-em thermic. fluid: tors, hal Gunn. D.,and Horton. R industrial Boilers. Longman Scientific & Technical, New Y ork India Energy Bus Project, Indusirial Heat Generation and Distribution. NIFES. Training Manual Issued for CEC Is 10392, 1982 Jackson. J. James, Steam Boiler Operation. Prentice-Hall Inc., New Jersey. 1980, Light Rail Transit Association, Trams for Bath. D.C. Power stations ~ Boilers. www bathtramorgitfh(T1 11 htm ‘National Coal Board, Fluidised Combustion of Coal. London National Productivity Council. Efficient Operation of Boilers Pincus, Loo I. Practical Boiler Water Treatment. McGraw Hill Inc., New York. 1902. Sentry Equipment Corp. Continuous Blowdown Heat Recovery Systems for boilers rated 35 10 250 PSIG. Installation, Operating and Maintenance Instructions. SD 170, Rev. 4, 2/0. www. sentry-equip.com/PDF%20 files Blowdown’4201730%20Rev.%4204 PDF. 2006. Shields, Carl D. Boilers. McGraw Hill Book Company, US, 1961 Spirax Sarco, Module 3 of Spirax Sarco's web based Leaming Centre ‘wav pinaesarco comileam ‘Technical Papers, Boiler Congress - 2000 Seminar, 11 & 12 January 2000 TERI, GTZ and ENC . Steam Generation, Distribution and Utilisation ‘Thermax Babcock & Wilcox Limited. CFBC Boilers. 2001 swwustbwindia comboiler/efbe_systemasp University of Missouri, Colombia. Energy Management ~ Energizing Mé www.cf missouri edu/energy) ‘YourDictionary.com. Water tube boiler. 2004 www yourdictionary.com/images/shd/jpg/ ASboilerjpe. Websites: ‘www eren.doe gov www cit.dozgovibestpractices wivw pera.org Huang din sic dung nang long hiéw au trong ng cng nghito Chin A—vovncenervefcienvesia ong 41 ‘SUNEP. iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 Thiet bi nhiét: Lé hoi vathiet bi gia nhiét wow cnergy-efficiency.gov.uk ‘wow actionsnergy.org.uke wow cia.orguk wow altenergy.com Copyright: Copyight © United Nats Emivonment Prgramme (yar 2008 {ak pbeion may be wprodieed inwhate ori part and nay form for econ OF tpt purposes Wont Spec prnston om te copyright toler, proved acknowledgenet of hesoacets mde: UNEP woul pprecte ‘ray bccn purse ater wth pris permission fom he Una Nats Erironnent Pega Ban quyin Copsnshe® Cheong rink ma ong hp uc nim 2006) ‘bundy cb hn ten hoe api el cho BAER mg ch pide hay ht hinbadn nod ig Suche php ee meh ig ee phn na ca UNEP mon Pa nha ee ‘a ct at dn inne cg hn yn mn dg tg cn dn in ny de ty hob ‘me ch cng ma ioe mi thc cho phip ve dir Cham rink Muang ce Lig hp oe Disclaimer "This ctr egupen mxhde was prparedas pa ofthe projet “Grenase Gs Enmlsion Reduction one Indy Asan de Pace" (GERIAP)0y Be Naina Pradcasy Canal, ud Whe wasonable effts hae eet made > Psposibin forte accuracy or completes oft conten and shall net Be aly axyassor daa Bat may be ‘cerned dose inked hah haves of on reine on, ho amt of te pubtoton aca alan Iyer langage han Engh. Ths tetanic vesion Fam te chuptr Engl an des const et fll United Natons peti, Khuen eta A int iy dn siping ing a gc he og ERP yh Nt Qe De gg MT oo hing sep etna on tang cheap id Shetty uageead end oP nae age Dork ch Nena cern ie ae ie ae tentg th td fe haneheoetip Hung din sic dung nang luong gu qué trong ng cdng nghip Chin A—wrwenersvefcionvasiaone 42 "CUNEP. Upcoming SlideShare Loading in ...5 37 of 42 iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitNai hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét 3,110 views - © Like : oe . ait Ld Hoi working a: hanna ‘allow 1 [1] 0 Published on Sep 5, 2014 Lé hoi ngay cng tg dung thiét thyc trong déi séng, ding Lam trong hé théng nd Published in: Engineering Full Name ‘Comment goes here. 12 hours ago Delete Reply Spam Block Are you sure you want to Yes No ‘Your message goes here 2 ‘Share your thoughts. Post 2 N n Truny major of naval archit it maritime universit maritime universit thanks for your file 10 months ago Reply ‘Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here § tuandar 1 year ago iptv slidesharenetssuse5758ai-rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit vign DH Khoa Ha Néi No Downloads Views Total views 3,110 On SlideShare 0 From Embeds 0 Number of Embeds 6 Actions Shares 2 Downloads 96 Comments 1 Likes 4 Embeds 0 No embeds No notes for slide Nai hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt 1 1 ét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét NOI HOI & THIET BI GIA NHIET 1. GIOI THIEU 12. CAC LOAILO HOI 7 2.3. BANH GIA LO HOL 4. CAC GIAI PHAP SU DUNG NANG LUGNG, HIEU QUA. 26 5. DANH SACH SANG LOC CAC GIAI PHAP. 32 6. BANG TINH VA CAC CONG CY KHAC.... 36 7. TAI LIEU THAM KHAO. “41 1. GIOL THIEU Phin nay trinh bay ngiin gon vé Lé hoi va ccc thiét bi phu trg tai BO phan Lé hei. Lo hoi la mét thiét bj gitip dua nhige cia qué trinh dot chdy cho nuréc cho dén khi nuéc durgc dun néng hoic thinh hoi. Nuéc néng hodc hoi duéi téc dng ciia dp sudt sé nhigt sang mt quy trinh. Nuc 1a tc nhan trung gian ré tién va hitu dung gitip truyén nhiét sang mét quy trinh. Khi nuéc duge chuyén thanh hoi, thé tich sé tng lén khodng 1.600 Ian, tao ra mét Ire ‘manh nhu 1a thude sting. Vi vay 16 hoi la thiét bj phai duge van hinh véi tinh thin can trong cao 46. Hé thong 1d hoi bao gdm: mét hé théng nude cép, hé théng hoi va hé théng nhién ligu. Hé théng mde cip cap nuée cho 16 hoi va ty dng digu chinh nham dap tg nhu cau hoi, Sir dung nhigu van nén can bao tri va sia chifa, Hé théng hoi thu gom va kiém sodt hoi do Id hoi sin xuat ra. Mot hé théng dudmg éng dan iptv slideshareneissuserb575Bali-hi-v-hitb olan 45163rovrano16 ww sideshare neissusarbS7SHali-i-vtht-bgia-hit it dung. Qua hé théng nay, ap suat hoi duge diéu chinh bang céc van va kiém tra bing He théng nign ligu bao gém tit ed cdc thiét bj duge sit dung dé tao ra nhigt cd nhién ligu. Nuéc dua vio 16 hoi duge chuyén thanh hoi duge goi la nuéc cap. Nuée cap cé hai nguon chink 18: (I) Nuse ngung hay hoi ngung tuan hodn tee quy tinh va 2) nue da qua xi IY (nue tho da qua xir IY) tir bén ngoai bé pi a a sir dung 13 hoi, m6t thiét bj trao d6i nhigt dun néng sob muse cp sir dung nhiét thai tir khi 16. Hwéng dan sir dung nang hrgng higu qua trong nganh céng nghigp Chau A — www-energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 1 2. 2. Thiét bi nhiét: Lé hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt BOILER BURNER Econo mizer Water Source BRINE SOFTENERS CHEMICAL FEED FUEL BLOW DOWN SEPARATOR VENT VENT EXHAUST GASSTEAM TO PROCESS STACK DEAERATOR PUMPS BOILER BURNER Econo mizer Water Source BRINE SOFTENERS CHEMICAL FEED FUEL BLOW DOWN SEPARATOR VENT VENT EXHAUST GASSTEAM TO PROCESS STACK DEAERATOR PUMPS Hinh 1. Gian d6 cia m6t BO phan Lé hoi 2. CAC LOAI LO HOI Phan nay gidi thigu céc loai 6 hoi khée nhau: Lé hoi éng lira, 10 hoi 16 hoi budng lita ting s6i tun hoan, 16 hoi d6t 16, 10 hoi sir dung nhién ligu phun, 16 hoi thai va thict bj gia nhigt. 2.1 Lé hoi Ong lita (Fire Tub Boiler) Véi loai 1 hoi nay, khi dng nay 1s uy thé v6i 1 1 ho Lent 12.000 i va dp sud én t6i 18 kglem2 . Cae 16 hoi nay o6 thé sir dung véi dau, ga hode céc nhién ligu long. Vi ede Iy do kinh 8, ede 1d hoi Sng lira nim trong heng muc lap dat “tron géi” (tire 14 nha san xuat sé lip dat) déi véi tat ca cdc loai nhién ligu. Hinh 2. Mat cit ctia mét Lé hoi dng lira (Light Rail Transit Association) Huéng dan sir dung nang Iugng higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 2 3. 3. Thiét bj nhigt: Lo hoi va thiét bj gia nhiét Figure 3. Simple Diagram of Water Tube Boiler (YourDictionary.com) 2.2 Lé hoi ong nuée (Water Tube Boiler) O 16 hoi éng nude, nuéc cap qua cdc éng di vao tang 16 hoi. Nude duge dun néng bang khi chy va chuyén thanh hoi & khu vue dong hoi trén tang 18 hoi, L& hoi dang nay duge Iya chon khi nhu eu hoi cao d6i véi nha méy phat dign, Phan lén eée thiét ké 16 hoi éng nude hign dai cé céng suat nim trong khodng 4.500 — 120,000 kg/gigy hoi, & ap suat rat cao, Rat nhiéu 16 hoi dang nay ndm trong hang myc lap dat “tron géi” néu nha may sir dung dau va/hoic ga Jam nhién ligu. Hign eiing c6 loai thiét ké 1d hoi éng nude sit dung nhién ligu rén hung véi logi nay, thidt ké tron g6i khdng thong dung bang. Lo hoi éng nude 06 cée dic diém sau: Su thong gid cudng bic, cam img, va cn bang sé gitip nding cao higu suat chay. Yéu cau chat lung nuéc cao va can phai co ¢ thang xir ly nuée. Phii hgp véi céng suat nhiét cao 2.3 Lé hoi tron bé (Package Boiler) Mé dot dau Ra dng khéi Loai Id hoi nay ¢6 tén goi nhu véy vi né la mgt hg thong tron b9. Khi duge lip dat tai nh méy, hé thong nay chi can hoi, éng nude, cung cap nhién ligu vi ndi dign dé c6 thé di vao hoat déng. Lé hoi tron b, thuong o6 dang v6 sd vai cae éng Ita duge thiét ké sao cho dat duge tc 46 tru bite xa va déi Tuu cao nhat. L6 hoi tron b6 c6 , 46 truyén nhiét cao din dén qué trinh hoa hoi nhanh hon, truyen nhigt e6 dudmg kinh nhd gip truyén nhigt d6i hru tt. Hinh 4, LO hoi tron 66 d6t dau eép 3 dign hinh (Spirax Sarco) nhiing dic diém sau; Buéng d6t nhé Qué trinh truyén mhiét do d6i lira t6t hon do duge Lip mét sé lugng 1én cac éng Huéng dan sir dung ndng wong higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www-energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 3 4, 4. Thiet bi nhigt: Lé hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Higu sudt chay cao do e6 sit dung hé théng thong gié euong (Qué trinh truyén nbigt t6t hon nhd sé Lin khi di qua ld hoi Nhit néng di qua ld hoi, Buéng dat sé la Jan di qua thie nhat, sau dé c6 thé la hai hodc ba bé ong lira. Logi lo hoi phé bién nhat ang s6i (FBC) di én nur 18 mét Iya chon kha thi va c6 rat nbiéu u diém so véi hé théng dot truyén théng, né mang lai rt nhiéu Igi fch-thiét ké 16 hoi gon déu, di qua lop hat rin minh, nhiing hat nay sé khong bj nh hudng 6 van téc thép. Khi van t6c khOng khi tang dan, dan dén trang thai cc hat don bi ng, chuyén déng manh, pha tr6n nhanh va o ra bé mat nhién ligu L6p vat ligu voi nhiing hat ran nay duge xem nhw 1a dung dich 6i nhigtd6 than e6 thé boc chy, va than duge cép én tue vio, khi dén lp nhién ligu, than s& bc chay tee thi, va lép nhién ligu dat duge nhigt hé sé truyén nhigt cao nhé sy pha tron nhanh 6 tang i va sy thoat nnhigt higu qua tir lbp nhién ligu qua nhimg Sng truyén nhigt trong lp nhién Higu swat nhigt cao hom so Gi céc loai lo hoi kha. ng 16 hoi nay durge phan loai dya trén so lan sé lan khi d6 cita loai nay 1a 16 hoi be 3 (3 lin khi di qua 16 hoi) véi hai bo Ong d6t va vei khi thai di qua bo phan phia sau ld hoi, 2.4 Lo hoi budng lita t Lé hoi budng lira ting s6i (FBC) gan day n w ne, nhién ligu linh hoat, higu suat chay cao hon va gidm thai céc chat gay 6 nhiém gc hai nhu SOx va NOx. Nhién ligu dét ciia nhiing 16 hoi loai nay gém cé than, v6 tréu, ba mia, va cdc chat thai néng nghigp khdc. Ld hoi budng lita tang s6i c6 ede mite cOng suat rit khae nhau tir 0,5 T/h cho t6i hon100 T/h. Khi khong khi hoge ga duge phin bé a treo iptv slidesharenetissuserbS75Bali-hi-v-hitb olan 46163rovrano16 ww sideshare nessusarbS7SHali-i-vtht-bgia-nhit 5 Thiét bj mhigt: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt lo lig trong khéng Khi nay goi Ia “ting 6 s6i sé tao ra lép chat long~“tang s6i”. Neu dit chay ting si tan chay cia xi hi van tde khong khi tng thém sé tgo ra bong bé te dun e ai s6i duge dun tli d6 dong dou. Qué trinh nhigt dO nay thap hon nhiét 46 ligu. Van téc khi durge duy tri & n mn theo. Dieu nay gidip dim bao sy van hanh én dinh cia lép nhién ligu va tranh vigc céc hat bi cudn theo vio ding khi. Huéng dan sit dung ning Iugng higu qua trong nganh c6ng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 4 5 Lo hoi budng tia ting soi Kong kn{ (AFB) Phan Ion phite tap lap dat tong ‘ty nhu Io hoi éng made. Than durge dap theo e 1 — 10 mm rhe th thudc vio logi than, logi_ nhién ligu cap cho budng dét. Khdng khi khi quyén, dong vai tro la ci khi dot va khi tang s6i, duoc vao 6 mét mite ap suat, sau khi duoc dun néng so b6 bang Kkhi thai mang nude dong vai tré 1a thi san pham khi ciia qué trinh dét di qua bé pl Nhimg ong trong tang nhién ligu in qua nhiét cua 16 hoi, qua bo phan tict kigm, thict bj bj dun néng khi so b6 truéc khi ra khéng khi. 2.6 Lé hoi budng lira ting s6i fi 6 loai 16 it may nén Khi sé cung cp ki so cap crdg bite (FD) va buéng dot la mot noi dp sua. Toc 46 thoat nhigt trong ting sOi ty Ie véi dp suat cia tang sdi va do dé, tang sau sé gitip thot nhiét nhieu, Nhé vay, higu suat chay va sy hap thy S2 trong ting abign ligu Hoi duge tao ra trong hai éng, mt nam trong tang s6i va mot nim tren. Khi Io néng cé thé chay tua bin str dung gas phat dign. H¢ thong PEBC c6 thé duge sir dung trong déng phat (hoi va ign) hoc phat dign chu trinh ket hgp. Vige van han chu trinh két hgp (tua bin diing gas va tua bin chay bing hoi nuéc) sé cdi tién higu suat chuyén d6i ton phan tir 5 dén 8%, 2.7 Ld hoi buong lita ting s6i ‘wan hodn khi (CFBC) Véi he thong tudn hoan, ede thong s6 ciia ting nhién ligu dwge duy tri dé thie day vige loai sach nhiing hat rin trong tang nhién ligu. Ching nfng Ién, pha tron trong din éng len vi ha xuéng theo cyclon phan li va quay tré lai. Trong tang nhién ligu, khdng cé dng sinh hoi. Vigc sinh hoi va Tim qué nhigt hoi dign ra 6 b9 phn déi Iwu, thanh Ong mude va 6 dau ra ciia din dng nang Ten. Cae 16 hoi bbudng lita tang s6i tun hon khi thurimg kinh té hon so vai ld hoi budng lia ting s6i khong Khi khi p dung trong cdc doanh nghigp cong nghiép can sir dung Iuong hoi 1én hon 75 — 100 T/h. Véi cdc nha may 6 nhu céu lén hon, nhé dic diém 16 dot cao cia hé théng 16 hoi budng hita tang s6i tuan hoan khi sé cung cap khoang trong lén hon dé sir dung, cdc Hinh 5, Lo hoi CFBC (Thermax Babcock & Wilcox Ltd, 2001) hat nhign ligu 1én hon, va thai gian Iu hip thy dé dat higu sudt chay vi mite SO2 cao hon, vige dp dung cdc cong nghé dé kiém sodt mite NOx cing dé ding hon so véi 16 hoi budng lira tng s6i khong khi . 2.8 L6 hoi dét ghi Huéng dan sir dung nang hrgng higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 5 . 6. Thiét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Budng lita duge chia tuy theo phuong phép ep nhién ligu cho 16 va kigu ghi 16. Céc ogi chinh bao gom buéng lita gl nh va budng lita ghi xich hoje ghi di ng. 2.8.1 Buéng lita ghi cé dinh Budng lira ghi c6 dinh sir dung két hgp chay trén ghi 16 va chdy trong khi roi. Than duge dua lign tye vao 16 trén I6p than dang chéy. Than nhgn duge nbigt va tién hinh cde giai doan ciia qué trinh chay, Nhiing hat than to hon (phan céc) roi trén ghi, chay véi mét l6p than méng, chay nhanh, Phuong phap dét nay rit linh hoat véi nhing dao déng mite tai, vi viée dét chdy tgo ra tie thai hi t6e dé chdy tang. Vi vay, budng Ita ghi c6 dink dye va chuéng hon ning logi buong lita khae trong cév tmg dung e6ng nghigp. Hinh 6. Buong Ita ghi cé dinh (Department of Coal, 1985) 2.8.2 Budng lita ghi xich hoge budng lira ghi di dng Than duge cap vio phan cudi cia ghi lo dang chuyén dng. Khi ghi chuyén déng doc theo chiéu dai cia budng lita, than chay, cén xi roi xuéng phia dui. Sir dung loai 1d nay, cin phai c6 mt so k¥ ning, nat la Khi thiét lap ghi, van dieu tiét, va ede vach ngain dé dam bao qua trinh dét sach, khdng edn cacbon chua chdy trong xi, Hinh 7. Budng lira ghi di dong (Dai hoc Missouri, 2004) Phéu cap than chuyén déng doc theo phan cép than cia 1é. Thiét bi chin than duge sir dung dé diéu chinh ty Ig than cp vao 16 théng qua kiém soat d6 day ciia 16p than. Kich c@ than phai déu vi nhimg vién to s& khong chay hét tai thoi diém chiing dén cudi ghi, Huéng dn sir dung ning Iuong higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyeffici 1. Thiét bi nhiét: Ld hoi i sit dung nhién ligu phun Hau hét cdc nha may nhiét dign (than) déu str dung 16 hoi ding nhién ligu phun, va rat nhiéu 16 hoi 6ng nude cong nghiép cing sit dung loai nhién ligu phun nay. Céng nghé nay duge nhén rng rit nhanh va hign c6 hing nghin nha may 4p dung, chiém hon 90% céng suat d6t than. Than duge nghién (pulverized) thinh b6t min sao cho dudi 2% c6 dung kinh +300 micrometer (jum) va 70-75 % nho hon 75 microns, doi véi than bitum. Ciing cin hru ¥ ring, b6t qué min sé gay lang phi dién sir dung cho may nghién, Mat khdc, bt to qua sé khéng chay hét trong budng dét va dan tdi tn that do chua chay hét. Hinh 8: Dét chay theo phuong tiép iptv slideshareneissuserb575Bal-hi-v-hitb olan arissovra2016 wor sidesharenelseuerb57SHali-i-ystit-ba-rit tuyén é nhién ligu phun (ngudn tham khéo khéng xée dinh) Than nghién duege phun cing véi mot phin lay chuyén Io hoi thing qua mét s6 vei dét. C6 thé b6 sung khi cap 2 va 3. Qué trinh chi rhdi gian lu iia céc than trong 16 tirkhodng 2 dén 5 gify, va kich thuge hat phai nhd vita dé hodn tét qua trinh dét, din ra trong KKhodng thoi gian nay. Hé thong kiéu may c6 rat nhiéu wu diém nh kha nang chy v6i cdc loai than chat vw... Mét trong nhimg hé théng phi it theo phuong tiép yen sit dung 4 gc dé tgo ra qua béng lira 6 gitta 16. 2.10 Lo hoi sir dung nhiét thai Bat ett noi nao c6 sin nhiét thai 6 dung hoi truc tiép c6 the sir dung hoi cho may phét tua bin chay bang hoi dé phat dign. Lé hoi loai nay duge sit dung rOng r8i véi nigt thu hai tr khi thai eta tua bin chay bang gas hoe cde dng ea diezen. Hung dan sir dung ning lvgng higu qua trong nganh céng nghigp Chau A — ‘www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 7 Hinh 9: Gian dé Lé hoi sir dung nhiét thai (Nong nghiép va bigia nhigt duge img dung rng rai dé gia nhigt quy trinh gin tcp. Sit dune du mé-nhién ligu long co ban im trung gian truyén nhigt, nhimg b9 sdy nay cung cap nhigt d6 c6 thé duy tri lién tue cho thigt bj sir dung. Hé thong chdy bao gém ghi cd dinh véi cdc thiét bj théng khi cor hoc. Thiét bi gia nhiét d6t diu bao gam mit dng déi, cau tric bac ba va duge lap vé chat mang nhiét, dugc gia nhiét trong b6 sdy va twin hodn trong thiét bi str dung. Tai dé, chat lau truyén nhigt cho quy trinh théng qua b@ trao déi mhiét va chat ru quay tré lai b6 sdy. Luu lugng cita chat uu tai dim sit dung cudi duge diéu chinh bing van diéu chinh van hanh bang khi, dya trén nhiét 46 van hanh. B9 sy hoat déng 6 mite lia nhé hay to phy thude vio mhigt d6 du, thay d6i ty 1é véi tdi eta hg thong. Hinh 10, Cau tao dién hinh ciia thiét bi gia nhigt (Energy Machine India) Uu diém cia logi thiét bi nay: ‘Van hanh theo chu trinh khép kin véi tn that t6i thiéu so véi 16 hoi sit dung hoi, Van hanh hé thang khéng diéu ép ngay ca khi nbigt d 6 mize 250 0 C so véi hg thong hoi twong ty 6 ap suat 40 kg/em2 . Thiet lap kiém soat tw dng, gitp van han linh hoat. Higu suat nhigt tt vi hé thong thiet bi nay khéng bi tn that do xa day, thai nude ngung, va hoi gidn 4p. Huéng dn sir dung nang luong higu qua trong nginh céng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 8 9. 9. Thiét bj nhiét: Ld hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Tinh kinh té cla thiét bj gia nhigt phy thuge vao cde img dung cu thé va nén tang tham khao. Thiét bj gia nbiét dét than c6 higu suat trong dai 55-65 % c6 1 sinh duge véi hau hét céc 16 hoi. Két hgp véi céc thiét bj thu hdi nhiét trong khi 16 sé tang higu sudt nhiét. 3. BANH GIA LO HOI Phan nay trinh bay vé Danh gid hoat dong cia 1 hoi (sir dung cae phuong phap truc tiép va gin tiép bao gdm mét s6 vi du ech tinh toan higu qua), xa day va xit I nude eta 1d hoi. 3.1 Danh gid hoat dng cita 18 hoi Cac théng s6 hoat dng cita ld hoi nhur higu suat va ty 1¢ nude boc hoi, gidm theo théi gian do qué trinh dét kém, tic ngén bé mat truyén nhiét, hoat déng va bao tri kém, Ngay ca véi mt 1d hoi méi, nhiing nguyén nhan nhur chat Iwgng nhién ligu va chat lwgng nuée di xudng c6 thé khién 16 hoi hoat dong kém. Can bang nhiét sé gitip ching ta xde dinh duge nhimg ton that nhigt 6 thé va khéng thé trinh khéi. Kiém dinh higu suat 16 hoi sé gidp ching ta tim ra sut chénh Iéch gitta higu suat 16 hoi cao nat va higu suat 16 hoi cia khu vuc truc trac ching ta nham tdi dé c6 cdc bién phap phit hop. 3.1.1 Can bing nhigt Qué trinh dot chéy trong 16 hoi e6 thé duge m6 ta bing mét so dé dong ning Iugng, So dé nay cho thay edch thite ning lugng dau vao tir nhién ligu duge chuyén thanh ede dong ning luong hifu dung, nhiét va ding nang hrgng t6n that. DO day mai tén ciia mot dong twong img voi khéi lugng nang hrgng sir dung trong dong 46. FUEL INPUT STEAM OUTPUT Stack Gas Stochiometric Excess Air Un burnt Convection &Radiation BlowDown AshandUn- bumtpartsof FuelinAsh FUEL INPUT STEAM OUTPUT Stack Gas Stochiometric Excess Air Un bumt Convection &Radiation BlowDown AshandUn- bumtpartsof FuelinAsh C4 n bing ning long la dé can bing gitta téng nang lugng dau vao cia 16 hoi voi nang Igng dau ra duéi nhiing dang khdc nhau. Hinh dudi day minh hoa cho nhiing tén that khac nhau xay ra trong qué trinh tao hoi, Hinh 11, So dé can bang nang lugng cita mét lo hoi Huéng din sit dung nang long higu qua trong nginh cong nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 9 10. 10. Thiét bj nhiét: L6 hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt BOILER Tén that nhiét qua khi 1 Tén that nhiét do hoi trong khi 16 Tén that nhigt do 46 am trong nhién ligu Ton that nhiét do d6 am trong khéng khi Ton that nhigt do xi khong chay hét Tén that nhiét do bite xq va cdc t6n that khong tinh duge khéc 1,7 % 1,0% 2,4 % 0,3 % 73,8% 8,1 % 12,7 % Nhiét trong hoi 100,0 % Nhién ligu Hinh 12. Nhiing tén that dién hinh cia Lé hoi dét than Co thé chia cdc tin that nang lygng thanh ton that c6 thé va khéng thé tranh khoi. Myc tigu cua dénh gid SXSH vivhodc dinh gid ndng lwong 1a nhim gidm nhiing t6n that c6 thé trénh khi, ttre iptv slideshareneissuserb575Bali-hi-v-hitb olan 48063 mgt hé thong vai phun dp suat, Chat lu, hoat déng nbu 18rovrano16 ww slideshare nessusarbS7SHali-i-vtht-bgia-hit 1. 12. 13. Ta nang cao higu qua sir dung nang lwong. C6 thé trnh kh6i hoge gidm b6t nhiing tn that dudi day: Ton that qua kh6i ld: - Khi dur (giam xudng mute t6i thiéu c6 thé tuy theo céng nghé, vén hanh, van hanh (kiém soat), va bao tri cita 16). - Nhiét 46 cia khi 16 (gidm nha tdi uu hod bio tri (Lim sach), tai; cong nghé 16 dot va 16 hoi tign tién hon). 1 qua nhién ligu chua chay hét trong khi 16 va xi (t0i wu hoa van hanh va bao tr, ¢ cp sach, tuan hoan gitta tén that va nang long dau vao Huéng dan sit dung nang lyong higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org OUNEP 10 . 11, Thiét bi nhigt: Ld hoi va thidt bi gia nhiét 3.1.3 Phuong phap trac tiép xée dinh higu suit 1d hoi Phuong phap lun Phuong phap nay cén goi la “phuong phap dau vao-dau ra” vi chi can biét dau ra hit ich (hoi) va dau vao nhiét (nhién ligu) dé danh gia higu suat 16 hoi. Ching ta sit dung cong thie sau dé anh gid higu sudt: Higu suat 1d hoi (n) = x 100 Dau vio nhigt Dau ra nhiét Higu suat 1b hoi (n) = x 100 Q x (hg— hf) qx GCV Céc thong s6 duge quan tric dé tinh todn higu suat 16 hoi bang phuong phap tnre tiép bao gém: Khdi long hoi duge tao ra méi gig (Q) theo kg/h. Khéi Igng nbién ligu sit dung méi git (q) theo kg/h. Ap suat van hanh (theo kg/em2(g)) va nhiét d6 hoi qué nhiét (oC), néu c6 Nhiét d6 ctia nue ep (oC) Loai nhién ligu va nang suat tod nhigt eta nhién ligu (GCV) theo keal/kg nhién ligu Va trong d6 hg ~ Enfanpi cia hoi bio hod theo keal/kg hoi hf — Entanpi cua nuée cap theo keal/kg nuée Vi dy Hay tinh higu suat 16 hoi bing phuong phap trac tiép vai nhiing sé ligu cho duréi day: Loai 16 hoi: than Lugng hoi (khé) tao ra: 10 TPH Ap suit hoi (ding hé) / nhigt 46: 10 kg/cm 2 (g)/ 180 0 C Khéi Iugmg than sit dung: 2.25 TPH Nhigt d6 made cap: 85 0 C GCY ea than: 3200 keal/kg Entanpi cia hoi & 4p suat 10 kg/cm 2 : 665 kcal/kg (bao ho’) Entanpi cia nuéc cp: 85 kcal/kg Higu suat 16 hoi (n) = x 100 = 80,56 % 10 x (665 — 85) x 1000 2,25 x 3200 x 1000 Uu diém cia phuong phap tryc tiép Cong nhan trong nha may c6 thé danh gid nhanh higu suat 16 hoi Hudng dan sir dung nang Ivgng higu qua trong nginh cng nghigp Chau A — www.energyetficiencyasia.org CUNEP 11 . . 12. Thiét bi mhigt: Ld hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt Céch tinh todn cén sit dung it thong s6 Can sit dung it thiét bj quan tric Dé ding so sanh ty 18 hod hoi véi sé tigu nén Niuge diém cia phuong phdp truc tiép Khong gitip ngudi van hanh xée dinh duge tai sao higu suat ciia hé thong lai thap hon Khong tinh todn ede tn that khac nhau theo céc mite higu suat khée nhau 3.1.4 Phuong phép xac dinh higu sudt 16 hoi gién tiép Phuong phap luan Cac tiéu chuan tham khao dé Kiém dinh Lé hoi tai nha may sir dung phuong phap gidn tiép 1a Tiéu chudn Anh, BS 845:1987 va Tiéu chuin My ASME PTC-4-1 Power Test Code Steam Generating Units. Phuong phip gién tiép cén duge goi la phuong phép ton that nhigt. C6 thé tinh ton higu sud bang céch léy 100 trir di phan trim ciia tt ca cde nbigt t6n that nhur sau: Higu sudt 16 hoi (n) = 100 - (i+ ii + ii + iv + v + vi + vii) Trong dé, cdc tén that trén nguyén tic & 16 hoi 1a t6n that mhiét do: i Khi ld khé ii, Nude bay hoi duge tgo thinh do c6 H2 trong nhién ligu iii. Bay hoi cia nuéc trong nhién Tigu iv. D6 ‘im e6 trong khi chy v. Nhién ligu chura chay hét trong tro vi. Nhign ligu chya chay hét trong xi vii, Bite xa va nhiing tén thit khée chua tinh duge Tén that do d6 Am trong nhién ligu va do dt chay H2 phy thuge vao nhién ligu va khéng thé kiém sodt théng qua thiét ké, Nhiing sé ligu cdn diing trong tinh toan higu suit 1d hoi str dung phuong php gidn tiép ld: Thanh phan nhién ligu (H2, 02, S, C, him 4m, ndng 46 xi) % 02 hoc CO? trong khi 1d Nhiét d9 khf Io theo o C (Tf) Nhiét 46 moi trudng xung quanh theo o C (Ta) va d6 im cia khdng khf theo kg/kg khong khf khé GCV ciia nhién ligu theo keal/kg % chat dét trong xi (trong trudmg hop nhién ligu rin) GCV ctia xi theo keal/kg (trong truéng hop nhién ligu ran) Dw6i day 1a quy trinh chi tiét dé tinh ton higu suat 16 hoi sir dung phuong php gidn tiép. Tuy nhién, nhing ngudi phy trach vé van dé nang long trong doanh nghiép thuimg thich cach tinh toan don gian hon Huéng dan sir dung ning lugng higu qua trong nganh cng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 12 ‘13. Thiét bj nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt Bude 1: Tinh toan nhu cau khéng khi trén ly thuyét = [(11.43 x C) + {34.5 x (H2 — 02/8)} + (4.32 x S)]/100 kg/kg nhién ligu Bude 2: Tinh ton phan tram khi dur cung cdp (EA) = % 02 x 100 - (21 - % 02) Bude 3: Tinh toan rong khdng khi thyc té cdp/ kg nhién ligu (AAS) = {1 + BA/100} x khong khi trén ly thuyét Buée 4: Uée tinh tat ca ede tén that nhiet i. Y mbigt t6n that do khi 1d kho =m x Cp x (TF-Ta) x 100 GCV nhién ligu Trong 46, m = kh6i long khi 1d khé theo kg/kg nhién ligu m= cei Iugng sin phdm khé cita qua trinh dévkg nhién ligu) + (khdi long N2 trong nhién ligu trén 1 kg) + (s6 hrgng N2 trong luong khong khi trén thyre té cp). Cp = Nhiét Iuong rigng cla khi 10 (0,23 kcal/kg ) ieee nhiét tén that do nude bay hoi tao thanh do c6 H2 trong nhién liu = 9 x H2 {584+Cp (TE-Ta)} x 100 - GCV nhién iptv slideshareneissuserb575Bal-hi-v-hit- olan 49163savan0' 14. 15. 16 7. 18 wor sidesharenelsueerh57SHali-ti-vstitbga-rit ligu Trong d6,H2 = % H2 trong 1 kg nhién ligu Cp ~ nigt lung riéng cia hoi qué nhigt(0,45 keal/kp) iti. % nhigt ton that do 46 Am trong nhién ligu bay hoi = M{584+ Cp (Tf-Ta)} x 100 — SCV nhién ligu Trong 46, M — % d6 4m trong 1kg nhién ligu Cp — Nhiét hrong rigng eta hoi qua nhigt (0,45 kcal/kg) iv. % nhiét tén that do d6 m trong khdng khi = AAS x hé s6 d@ am x Cp (Tf-Ta)} x 100 GCV nhién ligu Hung din sir dung nang hrong hiéu qua trong nginh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefli ia.org QUNEP 13 14, Thiét bi mhiét: La hoi va thiét bi ng cia hoi qua nhiét (0,45 kcal/kg) v. % nhiét tin thét do nhién ligu khéng chay hét trong tro = Téng lugng xi thu duge/kg of nhién ligu dot chay x GCV tro x 100 - - GCV nhién Jigu vi. % nhiét tn that do nhién ligu khéng chay hét trong xi = Téng luong xi thu dugc/kg of nhién ligu dot chay x GCV xi x 100 nhién Tigu vii. % nhigt tn that do bite xa va cdc tén that khdng tinh duge khée Rat kh6 danh gid ton that do bite xa va déi luu vi d6 phan xa cua cae bé mat khdc nhau, phong va kiéu dong khi, wv... Véi 18 hoi twong déi nhé, cong suat 10 MW, cdc tén that do bite xa va cic tn that khong tinh duge sé vio khoang a trong khi véi 1d hoi 500 MW, gid tri nay dién hinh Ia khong tir 0,2 % - 1 %. that nay tuy theo digu kign bé mat, Bude 5: Tinh toan higu suat 1d hoi va ty 18 gu suat 1d hoi (n) = 100 - (i + ii + iii + iv + v + vi + vii) Ty I€ hod hoi = Nhiét str dung dé tao ra hoi/ Nhiét bd sung vao hoi 1 sit dung, c vi dy dién hinh: Lé hoi dét than: 6 (tit 14 1 kg of than cé thé tao ra 6 kg hoi) L6 hoi 1u: 13 (ttre la 1 kg dau o6 thé t9o ra 13 kg hoi) Tuy nhién, TY If hod hoi sé phy thue vao logi 16 hoi, ning suat toa nhigt cua nhién ligu va cdc hiéu sut tong img. Vi du Loai I6 hoi: Bét diu Phan tich thanh phin dau C: 84% H2: 12,0 % S: 3,0 % O2: 1 % GCV cita dau: 10200 kcal/kg % of Oxy: 7 % % CO2: 11 % Huéng dan sit dung nang lugng higu qua trong nganh céng nghi¢p Chau A — www.cnergyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 14 15. Thiét bi nhigt: La hoi va thiét bj gia nbigt Nhigt d6 khi 16(T1): 220 0 C Nhiét 46 méi tring xung quanh (Ta): 27 0 C D6 am cia khéng khi: 0,018 kg/kg of dry air Buéc -1: Tinh todn nbu cdu khéng khi theo ly thuyét = [(11,43 x C) + [{34,5 x (H2 — 02/8)} + (4,32 x S)]}/100 kg/kg dau = [(11,43 x 84) + [(34,5 x (12 - 1/8)} + 4,32 x 3)}/100 kg/kg diu = 13.82 kg khong khi/kg du Buéc -2: Tinh ton the % khi du cip (EA) Khi dur cung cap (EA) = (02 x 100)/(21-02) = (7 x 100)/(21-7) = 50 % Bude 3: Tinh toan khéi Iugng khi cp the té/ kg nhién ligu (AAS) AAS/kg nhién ligu = [1 + BA/100] x khOng khi trén Ty thuyét (AAS) = [I + $0/100] x 13,82 = 1,5 x 13,82 = 20,74 kg khong khi/kg dau Bude 4: Uée tinh toan b6 tn that nhiét i. % nhiét tn that qua khi Iokh6 m x Cp x (Tf Ta) x 100 -- GCV nhién ligu m = khéi luong CO2 + khdi hugng SO2 + khéi hrgng N2 + khéi lung 02 0,84 x 44 0,03 x 64 20,74 x 77 m= (0,07 x 32) 12 32 100 m= 21,35 kg /kg dau 21,35 x 0,23 x (220-27) = - x 100 10200 = 9,29 % Cling c6 thé sir dung mot phuong phap don gin hon: % nhiét tn that qua khi lokhd Hudng dan sir dung ning hrong higu qua trong nganh céng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org QUNEP 15 16. Thiet bi mhigt: L6 hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt m x Cp x (TF Ta) x 100 -GCV nhién liga m (tong kh6i legng khi 1d) = khéi legng khi cap thye té+ khéi Iugng nhign ligu cp = 20,19 + 1=21,19 = 21,19 x 0,23 x (220-27) ~ x 100 10200 = 9,22 % ii. Tén that nbigt do nue béc hoi tao thanh do H2 cé trong nhién ligu 9 x H2 {584+0,45 (Tf— Ta ) GCV nhién ligu trong dé H2 = % H2 trong nbién ligu 9 x 12 {584+0,45(220-27)} 10200 = 7,10 % iii. Tén that nhigt do 46 dm trong khong khi AAS x d6 4m x 0,45 x ((Tf- Ta) x 100 GCV nhign ligu = [20,74 x 0,018 x 0,45 x (220-27) x 100}/10200 = 0,317 % iv. Tén thét nhigt do bite xa va cdc tn that chwa tinh duge khac Véi 16 hoi nhé, wc tinh ton that nay vao khoang 2 % Bude 5: Tinh todn higu suat 16 hi va Ty 1¢ hod hoi 6 16 hoi Higu 10 hoi (n) = 100 - (i+ ii + ili + iv + v + vi + vii) i, Nhigt tn that qua khi 16 kh6 : 9,29 % ii, Nhigt tn that do nuéc bay hoi dugc tao thanh do cé H2 trong nhién ligu: 7,10 % iii, Nhiét ton that do d6 4m trong kh6ng khi : 0,317 % Hung din sir dung nang lwong higu qua trong nganh céng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefliciencyasia.org UNEP 16 a 17. Thiét bi mhiét: Lé hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt iv. Nhigt tn that do bite xa va céc tn thét khéc chwa tinh dugc : 2% = 100- [9,29+7,10+0,317+2] = 100 - 17,024 = 83 % (xdp xi) Ty 18 hoa hoi = Nhiét sir dung 8 tao ra hoi/Nhigt b6 sung vao hoi = 10200 x 0,83 / (660-60) = 14,11 (so v6i 13 6 16 hoi dét than dién hinh) Uw diém cua phuong phép gidn tiép C6 thé dat duge can bing ning Iwong vi khoi lvgng hoan tat cho méi ding rigng, gidp xic dinh gidi phip cai thign higu suat lo hoi dé ding hon Nhuge dim phyong phap gidn tiép Tén thoi gian Can sit dung thiét bj trong phéng thi nghigm dé phan tich 3.2 Xa day 13 hoi Khi nude durge dun s6i va tgo ra hoi, bat ctr chat rin hoa tan nio trong nuée s€ dong lai trong 16 hoi, Néu trong nude cép c6 nhidu chat rin dua vao 1d hoi, ching sé c6 dc lai va cé thé cudi cing sé Gcv iptv slideshareneissuserb575Bali-hi-v-hitb olan 5063sevsa2018 wv sdesharenevesueerSSHan-i-bitb-ga-hit vugt qué kha nang hod tan va ding can, Khi mite d9 ¢6 de vugt qué m6t giéi han nhat dinh sé gay ra hhign tugng sii bot va lim han ché qué trinh sinh hoi, Nhimg chat nay eting lam hinh thinh lép 18 ho va pt sinh ning dim qué niet eve B® trong 1 ha va gay race tye te cha dud Vithé nguidi ta tién hah “xd diy dong bi lai lugng nude xa hoi. Nhung néu xa day khong hop ly s@ dn dén ton that mot Ivgng mhiét lon, Lay miu mud 6 16 hoi Mét mau nude cia 16 hoi sé chi hitu dung khi n6 dai dién cho cae diéu kién trong 16 hoi, Vi iu lay tir ng thuy, duge gin bén ngoai bé phan kiém soat mye nuée, hode gin véi Ong noi léy nude ep sé rat kh6ng chinh xéc. Mau lay tir vé 16 hoi khéng an toan va chinh xée vi nude 46 dudi dp sudt vi mot ty 18 chuyén thanh hoi. Do d6, néng 46 chat ran hoa tan (TDS) duge do trong mau thay vi trong bé, Dua trén nhiig ket qua phan tich mau nay, ngudi ta rit hay xa day nhieu hon mie binh thudng. Dung dich duge sir dung thiét bj lam mat mau ly nude tir 16 hoi. Thiét bi im may mau 1a b6 trao di nhigt hd sit dung nude dé lim mat mu lay duge, logi bd Ivgng nuée chuyén thanh hoi va nang cao d6 chinh xac, an toan cia mau. Véi mét sé hé thong ty déng, thiét bi cam Hudng dan sir dung nang luong hiéu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org OUNEP 17 18. Thiet bj nhigt: Lo hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt img gin true tigp tren v8 eta 19 hoi d& quan trie mite 46 lign tue, M6t ly do nita ciia vig at TDS ty dong [i trénh anh hung cita sy bign déng tai hoi, ty 18 thu hoi nude ngung, va chat lwong nude cp qua xit IY d6i véi két qua mau. 3.2.1 Sit dung tinh dn lim chi sé dénh gid chat lneng mude ea 10 hoi Vi dé do TDS trong hg théng 16 hei rat mét méi va t6n thoi gian, ngudi ta sir dung do 46 dan dé quan tric Iugng TDS cé trong Id hoi. BG din tang lén cho thay “sy nhigm ban” cia nude trong 16 hoi. Phuong phap truyén théng dé xa day 16 hoi tuy thuge vao hai kiéu xa: gidn dogn va lién tuc. Xa day gian dogn Xa day gidn doan duge thyc hign thong _ qua vige vin hinh bing tay mt van gin vao 6ng xa tai diém thap nhat cba v6 16 hoi dé gidm cdc thong sé (IDS hode 46 dan, pH, néng d Silica va phét phat) trong gidi han djnh trude sao cho chat lugng hoi khéng bi anh huéng, Kiéu xa day nay cing li mét phurong phdp higu qua nhdm loai bé chat rin da re ra khéi dung dich va nam trén éng ha va mai trong cla vé Ib hoi, Trong xa day gién doan, duimg Ong 06 durimg kinh rng durge mé trong mét thoi gian ngin, phy thude vio nguyén chung nhu “moi ca mot lan trong vong 2 phit”. Xa day gién doan can o6 mét lrgng nude cép vao 16 hoi ting lén nhieu trong mét thai gian ngan, do dé cé thé sé can cdc may bom nude cap 1én hon so véi xa day lién tuc. Mute dé TDS cling sé thay d6i, do dé gay ra nhimg dao dng trong mie nude eia 1é hoi do thay d6i kich thude bong va phén phéi hoi di kem vdi nhiing thay d6i vé ndng d chat rin. Déng thai, mot ltgng lén nhigt bj tn that trong qua trinh xa day gidn dogn. Xa day lién tue Cé mot ding nhé nude ep cé dic gidn doan va déu dn, duge thay bang mét dong nuée ién tue va tir tit, Digu nay dam bao dé tinh khiét cia hoi va TDS mt mite ti hoi cho true. Khi van xa dy durge thiét lap vei ede diéu kign cho trude, kh6ng edn ngudi van hanh phai can thiép thuong xuyén, Mac dii mot lugng nhigt Ién bj dua ra khoi 1d hoi, vin c6 cée gid phap thu hoi nhigt bang céch sir dung bé gidn dp va tgo ra hoi gin ap, C6 thé sir dung hoi gidn ap dé dun so bé nude cp 16 hoi. Cach xa day nay phé bién véi cdc 16 hoi dp suat cao. Phan xa day ciia 1é hoi gidin ap van c6n chia mt lugng nhigt lon va mét phan ding ké trong s6 nay e6 thé duege thu hoi nhé sie dung 6 trao d6i nhigt dé gia nhigt nude cp da qua xir ly mat. Hé thong thu héi nhiét xa day durge minh hoa duéi day gitip chiét hoi gin 4p va phan ning Iugng cia made xa day. Cé thé ap dung hé thong nay vi loai ld hoi & moi kich thuée va thudng thi nhitng dau tu cho giai phdp nay dug thu hai chi trong vong vai thdng, Huéng din sir dung nang long higu qua trong nganh eng nghiép Chau A — ‘www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 18 . 19. 19. Thiét bi nhiét: Lé hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét Hinh 13.Gian 46 thu hoi nhiét tir mrde xa day 16 hoi (Spirax Sareo) 3.2.2 Tinh todn xa day Co thé sit dung c6ng thite du6i day dé tinh todn kh6i long x4 day can thist 6 kiém soat néng d6 chat ran trong nude etia 16 hoi: TDS nude ep qua xir ly x % nude cdp qua xtr ly Lugng TDS téi da cho phép trong nudc 16 hoi Xa day (%) = Néu gidi han t6i da cho phép cia TDS nh trong 1d hoi tron bé 14 3000 ppm, % nude cap qua xir ly 14 10 % va TDS cé trong nude cp qua xtr ly 1a 300 ppm, thi % xa day cho nhur sau: = 300 x 10 / 3000 = 1 % Néu ty 16 hod hoi la 3000 kg/h thi ty 16 x ay cn 1a: = 3000 x 1 / 100 = 30 kg/h 3.2.3 Loi ich eta vige kiém soat mite xa day Kiém soat t5t mite xd day cua 1d hoi s€ gidp gidm dng ké chi phi van hanh va xi ly, bao gom: Gidm chi phi xir ly so b6 Gidm tigu thy nude cap qua xir ly Rut ngén théi gian dig hoat déng dé bio tri Tang tudi tho cla 16 hoi Huéng dn sir dung nang lugng higu qua trong nginh cong nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 19 20. 20. Thiét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét Giam tiéu thy hoa chat xit ly 3.3 Xr ly nude cap cho 16 hoi San xuét ra hoi véi chat ngng theo yéu cdu phy thude vio viée kiém sodt xit ly mrée dé dim bao mite d6 tinh khiét cua hoi, cdc hat rin va an mon. Lo hoi la bé thu gom ca hé théng Id hoi. Day 1a noi nhan tt ca pw slidesharenisuserb57SBali-i-vshitbga-thi sarovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-i-vtit-bgia-hit nnhimg chat ban eta qua trinh truée, Hoat ding eta 16 hei, higu suét vi tuéi tho sir dung Ia sin phim tree a ém soat nude cép sir dung trong 1d hoi. Khi nude cp vao Id hoi, nhiét d6 bay hoi va dp suat sé khién céc thinh phin cia nuéc hoat dng khdc di. Phin lin céc thanh phan trong nuée cé thé hoa tan. Tuy nhién, do cé nhiét va 4p suat, phan Ién cdc thinh phan cé thé hoa tan dé lai chuyén thanh chat rin dang hat, c6 lie duéi dang tinh thé va e6 Iie duéi dang v6 dinh hinh. Khi vugt qué ngudng hoa tan cia cdc thinh t6 trong nude, sé xay ra cn bam. Nude 1d hoi khéng duge ¢6 cin bam nhim dim bio hoat dng truyén nhiét higu qua, va kh6ng cé kim logi 1 hoi n mn. 3.3.1 Kiém sodt cin bm Cn bam cé thé dan dén d6 cimg cita nude cap va cdc tac nhan 4n mon ciia hé théng mude ngung va nurée cap. DG cig cia nude cap e6 thé do hé théng lam mém nude khéng higu qua. Can bém va dn mon sé gay ra t6n that nang long va lim héng céc éng 16 hoi, can tré qué trinh sin xuat hoi. Cée en bam dong vai tro 1a yéu t6 cach nhigt, lam chim qué trinh truyén nhiét. Can bam nhieu trong 16 hoi lam cham qué trinh truyén nhigt, gidm dang ké higu suat ld hoi. Cac loai ef bam khée nhau gay ra ede anh huong nhau dén higu suat 1d hoi. Kha ning c fa cn bam Lim ting nhiét d6 kim loai lo hoi va trong nude anh va MgCO3 hoa tan trong nude tao ra dung dich kim va hang mudi nay lam muéi kiém cimg. Ching phan huy dudi téc dong cia nbiét, giai phéng CO2 va tao thinh bin mém, xa ra ngoai. Chiing durge goi la 49 cimg tam théi c6 thé loai bé bang cich dun lén. Canxi sulfat vi magie sulfat, clorua va nitrat, vv...khi tan trong nuéc 1a trang hoa vé mat hod hoc va duge xem 1a ctmg phi kiém. Day li cdc hod chat cig vinh ctu va tao thanh Iép can cimg trén bé mat 16 hoi, rat hg logi bé. Nhiing hod chat phi kiém ra khoi dung dich do kha ning hoa tan gidm khi nhiét 46 ting, theo néng 6 do bay hoi trong 16 hoi, hoe do thay déi hoa chat sang mét hgp chat kém tan hon... 3.3.3 Silic oxit Sy c6 mat cia silic oxit trong nude 16 hoi 6 thé tang lén, tao ra cin silic oxit cting. Né eiing cé thé két hop véi cdc mudi magie tao thanh magie silicat va canxi silicat, véi d6 dan nhigt Hung dan sir dung nang lwgng higu qua trong nganh cong nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org OUNEP 20 . 21. 21. Thiét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét rat thdp. Silic oxit sé lam tang cn trong canh tua bin, sau khi duge dua vao dudi dang giot nude nh6 giot trong hai hoac duéi dang dé bay hoi trong hoi & ap suat cao. C6 hai dang xit ly nude 16 hoi li xir1Y nude bén ngoai va xi I nude bén trong. 3.3.4 Xir ly nude bén trong Xir ly mude bén trong La céch thém hod chat vio 1d hoi dé ng’n déng cin. Cac chat tao thinh cn bam duge chuyén thanh dang bin va thai ra ngoai qua xa day. Phuong phap nay chi ding véi 16 hoi sit dung nude cp c6 dé cimg va dp suat thap, néng d6 TDS trong nude vita phai, va khi khOi long nude xirly it. Néu nhiing digu kign trén khong duge dap ting, phai xa day & mée cao dé o6 thé xa hét bin. Nhu vay s® kh6ng kinh té vi cé tn that nhiét va nuéc. Cac nguén nude khéc nhau edn cdc loai hod chat khic nhau. Cach nay sit dung natri cacbonat, natri aluminat, natri phosphat, natri sunfit, va cdc hgp chat c6 nguén ge thye vat hoge v6 ea, Cae hod chat chuyén dung phi hp véi ede diéu kign muse khée nhau hign 6 sin Can tham khao ¥ kién chuyén gia dé la chon hod chat phi hop nhat cho méi trudng hop. . A Ching téi khéng At chi xir ly nuéc bén trong. 3.3.5 Xir ly nude bén ngoai Xir ly nudc bén ngoai la cach nham loai bé cdc chat rin lo img, chat ran hoa tan (dc biét 14 cdc ion magie va canxi 1a cdc chat chinh gay ra déng cn 16 hoi) va cdc khi hoa tan (02 va CO2), Cae qua trinh xir ly nuée bén ngoai hign 6 1a: Trao ddi ion Loai bé khdng khi (co hoc va hod hgc) Tham théu ngugc Khir khodng Trude khi dp dung bat ky quy trinh nao trong s6 cdc quy trinh trén, can loai bé chat ran Io limg va mau cia nude thé, vi nhiing yeu to nay e6 thé lam ban ede nhva trao di sit dung trong eée phan xtr ly tip theo, Cae phyomg phip xir IY so b6 gom c6 phuong phip ling Ioe sir dung bé King hode thict bj Ioe bé sung chat lm dng va chat keo ty. Ngoai ra, c6 thé str dung phuong phap loc cat p suat véi khi phun dé logi bé CO2 va sat, dé loai bo cdc mudi kim loai ra khéi muée giéng khoan. Giai doan dau tién cia xir ly la khtr mudi cimg va mudi khéng eimg. Néu chi khir mudi cimg goi ld lim mém, edn loai bé toan bg mudi ra khoi dung dich goi Li khir khodng. Cac qua trinh xir ly nude bén ngoai dugc mé ta dudi day: Quy trinh trao di ion (day chuyén lam mém) Trong quy trinh trao déi ion, nude dugc dura qua mét lép zeolit ty nhién hodc nhya théng dé khir d6 cimg ma khéng tao thanh chat két tha nao. Kiéu don Phan img lam mém: Na2R + Ca(HCO3)2 « C dung ni 22. 22. Thiét bi mhiét: Lé hoi va t magie trao d6i véi cdc ion natri. Sau khi bao hod, ta tat days hodn nguyén v tan, khong dong cin 6 16 hoi. Vi trao déi co ban chi thay thé c: ndng d9 TDS va chat Iuong xi . phuong phap loai bé hoan toan tat ca cdc mudi. Cé thé dat duge diéu a6 bang cach sir dung nhwa trao déi cde “cation” dé trao doi cation trong nuée thé véi cdc ion hydr6, tao ra HCl, H2SO4 va H2CO3. H2CO3 duge hit trong mét bé Khir véi khi théi qua muéc axit. Theo d6, nude di qua binh chita “anion”, dé trao tptoww slidesharenisuserb57SBali-i-vshitbga-thi sas NaCl. Muéi natri xxi va magie véi natri, né khéng lam gidmrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-i-vtit-bgia-nhit bi cde anion v6i axit v6 co (v.d. H28O4), tao ra nude. Can hoan nguyén anion va cation theo dinh ky, sir dung dign hinh [a cde axit v6 co (hodn nguyén anion) va xét (hon nguyén cation). Lya chon nhya trao doi céc anion chuan sé gitp loai bo silic oxit. Cé thé six dung cae quy trinh trao déi ion dé khtr khong , cdc 16 hoi ciia nha may dign dn. Loai bo khéng khi G phuong phép loai be Khdng khi, cde khi hoa tan nhu 02 va CO2 duge logi bd bing céch dun so b§ muse edp trude Khi dua vao 16 hoi. Tat ca cée loai mude te chita khi hoa tan, Mot sé khi nhat dinh nhu nhu O2 vi CO2 Lim tang dn mon nhiéu. Khi dun trong 18 hoi, CO2 va O2 dugc giai phong dudi dang khi, két hop voi H2O tgo thinh H2CO3. loai bé 02 va CO2 va cae khi khac trong nude cap 16 hoi la rat quan trong d6i véi tudi tho ca thiét bj 16 cing nhy stan toin khi van hanh, H2CO3 an mon kim loai, gidm tudi tho cua thiét bi va dng. No ciing lam tan sit (Fe), khi quay tre lai ld hoi, chat nay sé két tha, tgo cn bam 18 hoi va dng. Cin sat khéng chi Lam gidm tuéi tho ca thiét bi ma cén ting hrong nang lung can sir dung dé trayén nhigt, Logi bd khéng Khi cé thé lam bang eo hoe, hod hoc hode ci hai, Loai bé khéng Khi eo hoc Logi bé khdng khi co hoe dé logi bd cée Khi hoa tan thudng duge sir dung trude khi thém chat tay oxy. Logi bé khong khi co hoe dya trén quy luat vat I ciia Charles va Henry. Mét cdch tom tit, nhiing quy luat nay chi ra rang cé thé loai bs O2 va CO2 bang cach gia nhiét cho nude cAp 1d hoi, nho dé lam giam ndng d6 O2 ) . Phurong phap oai bé khéng khi co hge sir dung kinh tai diém sdi cla nude & 4p suat eta thiét bj loai bo khdng hi. Thiét bj loai bd khong khi co hoc ¢6 Hinh 14. Loai bd khong khi co hoc Nguén tham khao: Héi dong Nang suat quéc Hoi B6 phan luu trit Nude cap cho 1 hoi khir khi BO phan lc hoi (Khay) Nuéc cap néi hoi Thoat Voi phun Huéng dan sir dung nang Iwong higu qua trong nganh cong nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 22 ‘Thiét bj mhigt: L6 hoi va thiét bj gia nhi¢t logi chan khong va loai dp sudt. Thiét bj loai bé khng khi chan khéng hoat déng 6 mite ap suat khi quyén duéi day, tai khoang 82 o C, va cé thé gidm ham lugng 24, 02 trong muée xuéng duéi 0,02 mg/l. Can sir dung bom chan khng hoge bom hoi dé duy tri chan khéng. ‘Thiet bj logi bd Kh6ng ki ép suat hoat dng bing cich dua hoi vao nuée ep qua van kiém soat dp suat 48 duy tri 4p sudt van hinh mong mun, vi vay, nhiét 4 6 mite t6i thiéu 1050 C. Hoi kim ting nhigt 6 nurée gidi phéng 02 vi CO2 ra khdi hé thong. Thiét bi nay c6 thé gidm him lugng O2 xuéng 0,005 mg/l Khi e6 hoi ép suat thap du, c6 thé Iya chon Ap suat van hanh dé tin dung hoi du, nhe d6, nang cao higu qui kinh té cua nhién ligu, Trong hé thong 16 hoi, hei duoc wa chugng ding cho loai bé khéng khi vi: Hoi dic bigt khong c6 02 vi CO2 Hoi luén sin c6 Hoi gitip gia nhiét cn thiét dé phan tmg hodn tit Huéng dan sit dung nang hong higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org UNEP 23 24, Thiét bi mhiét: Ld hoi va thiét bj gia nhiét Logi bd khdng khi hod hoc Mac dit cdc thiét bi loai bo khéng khi co hoc gittp giam O2 xuéng mite rit thdp (0,005 mg/l), nhung mét long 02 rat nhé cing cd thé gay ra tac hai an mon hé théng. Do dé, cdc kinh nghiém van hanh hgp ly cho thay can phai logi bé not phan C rét nhé d6 véi chat logi b6 O2 nhu natri sulfit hoge hidrazin, Natti sul fit phan ing v6i 02 tao thanh natri sulfat, gidp ting TDS trong nudc | hoi va ting chat lugng nude cép qua xit ly va yéu cau xa day. Hidrazin phan img véi 02 tgo thinh nito va mudc. Cach loai bé nay ludn duge sit dung véi 16 hoi ap suat cao khi Ivong chat rn trong nuéc 16 hoi thap, va khOng lam ting lugng TDS trong nude. Tham thau nguge Thim thiu nguge dya trén nguyén tic la khi cde dung dich v6i néng 49 khie nhau duge téch riéng béi ming bén thim, nude 6 dung dich néng d6 thip hon sé di qua mang bin thém dé hoa tan véi dung dich c6 néng 46 cao hon. Néu dung dich cé ndng 46 cao hon duge diéu 4p, quy trinh sé nguge lai vi nurée tir dung dich e6 ndng d6 cao hon chay nguge vé nude & dung dich néng d6 thap hon. Ching ta goi 46 1a thi thdu nguge. an chat cua ming ban thm cho phép nuée thim qua tir tts hon so véi Khoding tan, Vi nuécB 6 dung dich lodng hon sé hoa tan véi née & dung dich dim dic hon, nutéc di qua ming sé tao ra sit chénh Iéch dang ké gitta hai dung dich. Sw chénh Iéch 4p suat nay 14 thuée do su chénb léch néng 4 gitta hai dung dich vi duge coi 1d mite chénh Iéch dp suat tham thu, Dung dich sé dang lén dén diém nay Dung dich c6 dae hon Dung dich lodng hon Déng nude Cac mie dung dich khée nhau [a ép suat tham thau Mang ban thim Dung dich dic hon Dung dich long hon Dan Pressure g nuée Mang bin thim Huéng dan sir dung nang lugng higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — inom cao hem mie chénk Ich Ap a thm thdu, a ng change di qua ming sé ngugc lai va quy inh thm nguge uge thiét lp. Cé nghfa 1a, kha ndng ca mang d6i véi nuée tham qua khéng thay chi 6 huéng cua dong nude thay di, su d ¢ So d6 nude cap va nude o6 de (ding thai) minh hoa hé thong tham thau nguge van hinh lién tuc. Ap suat Chat luong nude duoc xit ly phy thuéc vao nong 46 cia dung dich phia cé ap suat cao va chénb Igch ap suat qua mang. Quy trinh nay phit hp véi céc logi ‘TDS rat cao, nh nude bign, 3.3.6 Chat lugng nude cp va 1d hoi dé xuat Céc tap chat c6 trong nurée cia 16 hoi phy thude vio chat long nude edp khong duge xir IY, ua trinh xtr ly duge sir dung vi ipilwwwslideshareneissuserb575Baln-hi-v-hit- olan 5163rovrano16 ww slideshare neissusarbS7SHali-i-vtht-bgia-hit 26. 27. quy trinh vn hanb 16 hoi. Trén nguyén téc chung, dp sudt Gn hinh cia 1b hoi edng cao, mite d6 mhay cdm fa 16 hoi véi céc tap chat cdng Ién. q v Dung dich dam dc hon Din Nude loc g nuée Nude cp Dong dam dic Mang ban thim Huéng dan sir dung nang long higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 25 26. Thiét bj nhiét: Lé hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt CAC GIGI HAN NUGC CAP DE XUAT (IS 10392, 1982) Hé sé Cho t6i 20 kg/cm? 21 - 39 kg/cm2 40- 59 kg/cm2 Téng luong sit (t6i da) ppm 0,05 0,02 0,01 Téng Iugng déng(tdi da) ppm 0,01 0,01 0,01 Téng luong silic oxit (tdi da) ppm 1,0 0,3 0,1 Oxy (téi da) ppm 0,02 0,02 0,01 Hidrazin du ppm - - -0,02-0,04 pH & 250 C 8,8-9,2 8,8-9,2 8,2-9,2 Dé cig, ppm 1,0 0,5 - CAC GIGI HAN NOI HOI DE XUAT (IS 10392, 1982) Hé s6 Cho t6i 20 kg/em2 21 - 39 kg/cm? 40 - 59 kg/em2 TDS, ppm 3000-3500 1500-2500 500-1500 Téng luong chat rin hoa tan sit ppm 500 200 150 DS dan dign riéng tai 250 C (mho) 1000 400 300 Phosphat du ppm 20-40 20-40 15-25 pH tai 250 C 10-10,5 10-10,5 9,8-10,2 Silic oxit (t6i da) ppm 25 15 10 4, CAC GIAI PHAP SU DUNG NANG LUONG HII QUA Phi bao gdm cdc giai phap sir dung nang Iwong hiéu qua lién quan dén qué trinh dot chay, truyén nhiét, cdc ton that cé thé tranh khoi, tiéu thy dign phy tro, chat luong nuéc, va xa day. Ton that nang lugng va céc giai php sir dung nang luong higu qua trong 1d hoi co thé ién quan dén qué trinh dét chay, truyén nhi¢t, cdc t6n that ¢6 thé tranh khoi, tiéu thy dign phy trg cao, chat lugng nude va xa day. Cac gidi phip sir dung nang lugng higu qua trong hg théng 16 hoi o6 thé lign mn quan dén: 1. Kiém sost nhit 6 khdi 16 2. Bun so bG mde ca kigm 3, Say so bG khi d6t 4. Gidm thiéu qua trinh dét chay khéng hoan tt 5. Kiém soat khi du 6, Tranh tn that nhiét do bite xa va déi luu 7. Kiém soat x day ur dong 8. Giam tén that do cin va mudi 9. Gidm p suat hoi cia 1d hoi 10. Sir dung thiét bj kiém sodt tbe 6 v6 cp cho quat, bom va quat day 11. Kiém soat mite tai cia 16 hoi 12. Lap lich trinh boat dong cua 16 hoi chuan 13. Thay lo hoi Nhimg giai php nay duoc giai thich trong nhiing phan tiép theo. Huéng dan sir dung nang Iwgng higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.cnergyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 26 22, Thigt bj nhigt: Lo hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt 4.1 Kiém sost nhigt d6 khoi 16 Nhigt d6 khi 1 nén cing cang tot. Tuy nhién, nhiét d6 nay khéng nén thap tdi mite hoi ude & Ong xa ngung ty G thanh ong. Digu nay quan trong véi nhting nhién Tigu e6 him Iwgng hu huynh cao vi nhigt 46 thap sé dn dén an man do lu huynh bj dong swong . Nhigt &@ khi 19 cao hon mite 200°C cho thay tiém ning thu hoi nhigt thai. Nhigt d6 cao nhu vay cing cho thay cé cn bm trong thiét bj truyén/thu héi nbiét, vi vay cin tién hanh xa day sém dé lam sach nuéc/hoi. 4.2 Dun néng so b6 nude cap sit dung thiét bi trao doi nhiét Théng thong, Khi thai ca 16 hoi dang v6 s6 3 bac c6 nhiét 46 Khoang 200 den 300 0 C. Do dé, c6 tiém_ nang thu hdi nhigt tir khé 10. Nhiét 46 khf 16 thai tir 1d hoi thurdmg durge duy tri & mite 16 thiéu 2000 C, dé Iwu huynh oxit trong khi 16 khéng bi ngung tu va gay ra An mon 6 bé mat truyén nhiét. Khi sir dung nang Iuong sach nhu khi ty nhign, LPG hodc dau, Igi ich kinh té tir thu hdi nhiét sé cao hon vi nhiét 6 khi 16 6 thé duge duy tri 6 mite duéi 200 o C. Tiém nang tiét kiém nang Ivgng phy thudc vao loai ld hoi va nhign ligu sir dung. Véi 16 hoi dang v6 s6 ci dign hinh, véi nhigt d6 ki Io thai ra ld 260 oC, c6 the sir dung thiét bi Economizer (b6 ham nuéc) dé 1g 200 oC, ting nhiét 46 nude cdp 15 oC. Higu suat nhigt toan phin cé thé sé tng 3 %. Véi lo hoi dang vo sé 3 bic sir dung khi thién nhién tién tién, mhigt d hi 10 thai 140 o C, sit dung thiét bj trao d6i nhigt ngung ty s@ gdm nhigt d6 xudng cn 65 0 C, tang higu suat nhigt [én 5 %. 4.3 Say néng so b} kh6ng khi cap cho Io Say néng so bé kh6ng khi cap 16 la Iya chon thay thé cho dun néng so b6 mréc. Dé ting higu suat nhiét lén 1%, can ting nhigt d6 khi chdy lén 20 0 C. Phan Iém cae 16 dot dau va gas sir dung trong day chuyén 16 hoi 1a 6 thiét ké khong phi hgp véi nhigt do sily khi so b9 cao. Cac 16 dot hign dai e6 thé chiu duge mhiét dé sdy khi so b6 cao hon nhieu, vi vay nén sit dung thiét bj nay nhur La b@ trao doi nhiét 6 khi thai nur la giai phép thay thé cho thiét bi economizer, khi khéng gian hoe nhiét 6 thu hdi made cép cao dap img duge yéu clu. 4.4 Qué trinh chay khéng hoin tat Qué trinh chy khéng hoan tat c6 thé 1a do thiéu khong khi hofe thita nhién ligu hode viée phan b6 nhién ligu khéng hgp ly. Cé thé thay r3 khi qua trinh chay khong hoan tat néu quan sit mau h cdn diéu chinh ngay. Véi truéng hgp hé théng dét dau hoge ga, CO hoc khéi (chi xy ra véi hé théng dét dau) véi mite khi dur binh thudmg ho§e cao s& cho thay céc truc trfc cia hé théng. Mt nguyén nhan thurdng thay eta qué trinh dt chy khong hodn tit 1d ty 1é pha trOn nbign ligu va khong khi 6 16 Dau chay kém 6 thé Ia do d6 nhét khong chuain, dau d6t bj tic, hign tyomg cacbon hoa 6 dau dot xuéng cép cuia thiét bi khuyéch tén. Véi 1d dét than, cacbon chura chdy e6 thé din dén tn that rat lon. Diéu nay xay ra khi c6 carbon trong xi va ting thém Iugng nhiét cap cho 16 hoi lén hon 2%. Kich thuéc than khéng Hung dan sir dung nang lugng higu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A— ‘www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 27 bi gia nhiét dng déu cing cé thé 14 mét nguyén nhan khién qué trinh ay khdng hoan tit. O budng lira ghi xich, nhiing hat than to sé chay hét, con nhimg hat nhé va min sé lam tac duéng thong khi, gay ra phan phdi kh6ng khi khong déu. Véi nhiing budng lira phun, viée diéu sai. su iptv slidesharenetissuserb575Bal-hi-v-hitb olan 5463rovrano16 ww slideshare nessusarbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit chinh gid va he thing ehay qus Ton e6 thé anh hucmg dn sy tn tht cacbon. Tang lweng hat min trong dy ton that cacbon, 4.5 Kiém sot khi du Bing duéi day dua ra kh6i long trén hi cn dé dt v6i cae loai nhién ligu khdc nhau. Trong tit ca cdc truémg hop thyc té, cin mot Iugng khi dir dé dam bao qua trinh chay hoa tat, cho phép cé sai s6 trong qu trinh dot va dam bao c: diéu kign khf 16 thich hop déi yéi mot sé loai nhién ligu. Lung khi du t6i wu cho higu suat cao nhat cita 16 hoi li khi tong luong tén that do qué trinh chay kh6ng hodn tat va tén that do niet thai qua khi 1d sé cia quy trinh. Mite 46 khi du nay cé thé duge xée dinh théng qua cdc kiém dinh véi cde ty 1é nhién ligu khi khée nhau, CAC SO LIEU QUA TRINH CHAY TREN LY THUYET — CAC NHIEN LIEU NOI HOI PHO BIEN (HGi dng Nang suat quéc gia, kinh nghiém thyc té) Nhién ligu kg khéng khi jigu CO2 % trong khi ld dat durgc trén thyc té Nhién ligu rin Ba mia Coal (bitum) Than non ,7 8,5 4,5 5, 39-13 511,13 gu long Dau dét LSHS 13,8 14,1 9-14 9-14 CAC MUC KHI DU BIEN HINH VOI CAC LOAI NHIEN LIEU KHAC NHAU (H6i déng_ ‘Nang suat quéc gia, kinh nghiém thy té) Nhién ligu Cac loai 16 d6t hodc buéng dét Khi dur (% theo khéi lugng) L6 nuéc lam mat hoan ton dé loai bé xi hodc tro khé 15-20Than nghién L6 nuée lam mat mot phan dé loai bé tro khé 15-40 Buéng lira ghi c6 dinh 30-60 Budng lita ghi di dng nuéc 1am mat 30-60 Lé ghi xich va 10 ghi di dng 15-50 Than Budng lita nhién ligu cp dudi 20-50 Dau nbién ligu La dét diu 15-20 Lé dét da nhién ligu va ngon lira bing 20-30 Khi tu nhién Lé dét ap suat cao 5-7 Gé Dang Dutch (10-23 % qua ghi 16) va dang Hofft 20-25 Huéng dan sir dung nang rong higu qua trong nginh céng nghiép Chau A - www. energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 28 . 29, 29. Thiét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt BZ mfa Tat cd cdc 16 25-35 Dich den Lé thu hdi khi va qué trinh bét hod soda 30-40 Kiém soat khi dur & mitc tdi wu luén gitp giam tén that qua khdi 18; cr mdi 1% Khi dur gidm sé gidp tang higu suat Khoang 0,6 % . Hign nay 6 cde phuong phép kh nhau nham kiém sot Khi du: Sir dung thiet bi phan tich Oxy cdm tay va déng hé do hu lveng khi dé ghi cic théng s6 dinh ky giup huéng dan ngudi van hinh diéu chinh lu lwong khi nhim dat duge van hinh t6i wu. Cé thé gidm Khi du lén t6i 20% . Pho bién nhat la thiét bj phan tich Oxy lién tyc véi déng hé do luu lugng khi duge gan bén trong dé doc thong s6, tir d6 ngudi van hanh e6 thé diéu chinh Iuu hrgng khi. So v6i hé thong tuuée, thiet bj nay c6 thé gitip gidm duoc thém 10-15 % . Thigt bj phi tich Oxy lign tue twong ty c6 thiét bj van digu tit didu khién tir xa, tir d6 cdc théng s6 sé c6 sin trong budng diéu khién. Nho vay nguéi van hanh 6 thé kiém soat tir xa nhiéu hé théng dét cing hic. Thiét bj phite tap nhat 1a hé théng dieu khién van diéu tiét ty dng e6 chi phi rat cao, chi phit hyp v6i nhiing hé théng én, 4.6 Gidm thiéu t6n that nhigt do bite xa va d6i luu Be mat bén ngoai cita 1d hoi dang vé s6 néng hon xung quanh. Do d6, bé mat niy sé bj tén that nhigt ra xung quanh, tuy thudc vio dign tich bé mit va sv chénh Iéch nhiét d6 gidta bé mat va xung quanh, Tén that nhiét 6 16 hoi dang v6 sé thuéng la ton that nang lrgng c6 dinh, khéng phy thue vao diu ra ca 1d hoi, Céc 16 hoi thiét ké hign dai, mire tn that nay c6 thé chi li 1.5 % tng ning suat tod nhigt 6 mite cao nhat, nhung sé ting lén khoang 6 %, néu ld hoi chi van hanh 6 mite 25 % dau ra. Stra chita hod ting cuéng bao 6n sé gitp giam ton that nhiét qua thanh va éng lo hoi. 4.7 Kiem soat xa day tw déng Xa day lién tue khGng duge kiém soat sé rat ling phi. Vi vay nén lap dat thiét bi kiém soat xa day ty dng, tong img véi d6 dan ela nude 1d hoi vi pH. Méi 10% xa dy 6 19 hoi 15kg/em2 sé dn dén tn that higu suat 1a 3 %. 4.8 Gidm tn that do cin va mudi 6 10 hoi dét than vi diu, mu6i bam vao éng, ki yéu t6 cach nhiét, can tré trao déi nhiét, Joai bé mudi mét cach thuéng xuyén. Nhiét 46 khdi 1d ting c6 thé 1a do mudi bam nhiéu qua. Can bém ciing gay ra nhimg anh hudng nhur vay voi mrée. Nhigt d6 khi 1s thai cao véi mete khi dw binh thudng cho thay hoat dng truyén nhigt kém. Hoat déng truyén nbigt kém 6 thé do mugi khi hoe cin bam. Véi cin bam é nude cin xem xét lai quy trinh xit ly nuéc va lim sach ng. Use tinh, nhiét 46 khi 16 ctr ting 220 C sé gay ra ton that nhiét uéc tinh khoang 1 %. Huéng dan sir dung nang lwong higu qua trong nginh céng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 29 30. 30. Thiét bi nhiét: Ld hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Cin thuéng xuyén kiém tra va ghi lai nhigt d6 khi 16 vi chi s6 nay phan anh long mudi bém . Khi nhiét 46 khi 16 vrot qué nhiét 46 cita 16 hoi méi durge lam sach Khoang 20 0 C cing la lc phai logi bo mudi. Do d6, ching tdi dé xudt lap dat nhigt ké theo thang 46 tai noi dat dng khéi dé quan tric nhigt d6 khi thai, Use tinh, lép mudi day 3 mm sé Lim ting méc tigu thy ning Iugng én 2,5 % do mhigt d khi I6 ting. C6 thé phai ngimg day chuyén theo dinh ky dé lim sach bé mit lo bite xa, éng, thiét bi Economizerva say khi dé loai bé nhiimg muéi bam khé chiu nay. 4.9 Giam ap suat 16 hoi Day la m6t cach hiéu qua gidip gidm tiéu thy nhign ligu, néu c6 thé, xudng khoang tir 1 dén 2 %, Ap suat hoi thap hon s& gidm nhigt d6 hoi bio hod va khéng thu hoi nhigt khéi 16, nhigt d6 cua Khoi 16 cing gidm xuéng 6 mite tuong ty. Hoi thing duge tgo thinh é mie ap suat/nhigt 46 cao nhat ciia mot quy trinh nhat dinh. Trong mdt sé trrémg hgp, quy trinh khdng van hanh lign tuc, va ¢6 nhiing lite c6 thé gidm ap suat ld. Nhung cfing cain nhé ring, viée gidm 4p sudt 16 hoi sé gidm thé tich rigng cba hoi trong 16, va loai khng khi ra khoi dau ra cla 16 hoi mot céch higu qua, mang theo nude, Cén bd phu trach nang ipl slideshareneissuserb575Bali-hi-v-hitb- olan 5563rovrano16 ww slideshare nessusarbS7SHali-i-vtit-bgia-hit 31. 32. lugng cla cong ty edn xem xét nhimg tée dyng etia vite giim ap sua mt edch edn than, trude khi ae “a don gian, hung ching tiga chinh cia khoang van hin. Nhin chung, néu t bang thigt bj ki 6 V6 c% 4. 11 Kiém soat tai 16 hoi Higu suat ti da cia 16 hoi kh6ng dat duge 6 mirc day tai, ma 1a 6 mite 2/3 day 6 hoi gm xung na, higu suat cing c6 xu hud gdm. O sin long bing khéng, higu suit lugng khi gidm véi that nhigt 6 dud chung, higu suat 16 hoi c6 thé gidm ding ké xuong hui mice 25 % ti vi nen tn vin nh 13 hot dud mite nay cang it c’ng t6t. Huéng din sir dung ning lung higu qua trong nganh cdng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 30 - 31, Thiét bi mhigt: Lé hoi va thiét bj gia nbigt 4.12 Lich trinh van hanh 1d hoi chudn Vi 16 hoi dat higu tdi uu khi hoat dong 6 mite 65-85 % day tai, nhin chung, van hinh it 16 hoi 6 mite tai cao hon sé higu qui hon Ta vin hanh nhieu 16 hoi o mite tai thap. 4.13 Thay thé 16 hoi Tiém ning tiét kigm nhé thay thé 15 hoi phy thude vao thay déi cia higu suat toan phan dy kién. Vé mit tai chinh, giai phap thay 16 hoi sé rit hap din néu 16 hoi dang sir dung cé nhimg yéu t6 sau: Cii va khong higu qua Khéng thé sir dung nhién ligu thay thé ré tién hon, Kich c& qué to hoe qué mhé so véi céc yéu cu hign tai Burge thiét ké khong phi hgp véi cdc diéu kign tai ly twng Nghién ettu tinh kha thi cdn xem xét tat c cde kha nang c6 sin nhién Tigu Iau dai va ké hoach phat trién ca cong ty. Can tinh dén céc yéu té tai chinh va ky thuat. Vi nhimg day chuyén 16 hoi truyén théng cé tudi tho hon 25 nam, cin nghién ctu ky trade khi tién hank, thay thé. Huéng dan sir dung nang lugng hiéu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.cnergyefficieneyasia.org QUNEP 31 32. Thiet bi nigt: Lé hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt S. DANH SACH SANG LOC CAC GIATPHAP Phin nay bao gém cdc gidi phdp thong dung nhat gitip nang cao higu suat 16 hoi. 5.1 Nhiing cong vige va kiém tra dinh ky bén ngoai 1d hoi Sir dung cdc ving dém dé dim bao d6 kin khi 6 cdc cita vao. Céc méi néi cia he thong Ong hoi phai kin va bio dn néu can. Vo ngoai va ede b6 phn cia 16 hoi phai duge bao 6n higu qua. Ligu I6p bao 6n hign tai c6 higu qua khong? Néu 1d hoi, Ong va cde xy lanh nude néng durge bao én tir mot sé nim trade thi bay gid Ip bao dn nay 1a qua méng, mac dit bén ngoai nhin vin tt. Nén nhé, khi bao 6n chi phi nding lrgng thap hon bay gid nhiéu. Cé thé sé can tang &6 day. Vao cudi ky lam vié 16 hoi nén durge déng kin hoan toan, cdc bé mat bén trong nén duge thong khi ty nhién vio mia hé hoge ‘gin kin hoan toan vdi khay chita céc hat kim khé (chi ép dung cho dc 16 hoi c6 thoi gian nghi gitia cde ky lam viéc) 5.2 Lé hoi: cdc yéu té phu ap dung cho 16 hoi muéc néng va hoi nuéc Thuéng xuyén kiém tra mife d6 déng can hoc bin trong 16 hoi hogc TDS cia nude 18 hoi méi ca, nhig khéng nhiéu hon mat Kin méi ngiay. Cae tap chat trong made 16 hoi e6 de trong 1d va ndng dé dé e6 giéi han phy thuge vao logi 1d hoi va tai, Nén gidm thiéu xa day 16 hoi, nhiing phai ddng nhat véi ty trong nudc phi hgp. Tan thu nbiét tir nude xa day. V6i 16 hoi hoi, vige xir ly made c6 phi hgp 4é tranh tao bot va nuée moi gay qué tai nuéc va hod chat cp cho hé théng hoi? Vi lo hoi hoi: thiét bj kiém sodt mye made ty déng c6 duge kiém tra dinh ky Khéng? Vige sir dung cfc éng n6i trong c6 thé die bigt gay nguy hiém. Cée 10 ri hi xung quanh ita kiém tra 1d hoi hode gitta 18 hoi va Sng khéi c6 duge kiém tra dinh ky khéng? Cac rd ri khi xung quanh cia kiém tra 1d hoi cé thé lam giam hiéu suat va cdc ré ri khi gitta 16 hoi va éng khéi c6 thé lam giam luGng khéng khi san c6, kich thich hinh thanh nude ngung, an mén va mudi. Nén sit dung ede thiét bi phan tich khi 1d dé kiém tra cde digu kign ciia qué trinh chay it nhat hai lan méi ky hoat déng va digu chinh ty 1é nhién ligu/khéng khi néu can. Cac thiét bi kiém soat hoat déng thu té va phong ngita phai duge dan nhan thich hyp va kiém tra thuémg xuyén, Cac van khoa phai duge cai dat ché 46 va hhanh bang tay va c6 chuéng bao dong. Nén e6 ede diém kiém tra hode cae déng hé c6 dinh gin vio 13 hoi dt dau dé do nhigt d6/ap suat van hanh, Véi cdc 16 hoi dét dau hode khi, néu cae duéng day cap eta hé théng tit (déng) trong truéng hgp cé chdy hodc qua nhiét chay ngang qua |di di thi ching phai duge dat & Khoang cach cao hon dau ngwoi. Hé thong ngimg hoat dong khan cap nén duge dat tai ctra ra ciia nha dat 16 hoi. Dé giam an mon, cn thye hign cdc bude dé gidm thiéu thoi gian nhiét d6 cua nude tut xudng qué dim suong, nhat la véi céc 16 hoi d6t dau hoic than, Nhting nhi may sir dung nhiéu nhién ligu thudmg c6 uc tigp khi nhién ligu duge mang dén, Néu kh6ng 6 thiét bi nay, thing thoang bgn c6 yéu edu nha cung cp nhign ligu thir can & edn cOng eng (hoge can nhis nha may nam gin d6) dé kiém tra? Voi cdc nha cung edp nhién ligu long, ban 6 kiém tra que thim ciia xe khong? iptv slideshareneissuserb575Baln-hi-v-hit olan 5863rovrano16 ww sideshare nessuserbS7SHali-i-vtit-bgia-hit 33. 34, iptv slidesharenetssuse5758ai- Husng dan sir dung nang Iugng higu qua trong nganh cong nghigp Chau A — www.energyefliciencyasia.org CUNEP 32 33. Thiet bi nhigt: La hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Voi day chuyén 13 hoi, cd dém bio sit dung nhién ligu pha Vige quan tric sit ‘hue nhién ligu can thyc hign c cing the ts Vei lo hei dat dd, kiém trav a cha ede phan Nén thuéng xuyén thay ddi voi dot va kim sach can than dé phong tranh thié! xem xét Ii quy trinh sta chia va big tr, de bigt a voi mhing thit bj Ie thiét bi idm sodt va thit bi bio ring nhin vign van hin 6 hoi théng thude quy Trinh vin nh, de bigt a ve ede thi bi méi. Ban di bao gid xem xét kha nang thu hoi nhigt tir khi thai cita 16 hoi? Céc b6 trao d6i nhigt hign ai in phui hop wi hau het cde loai va kich c@ 16 hoi, Ban e6 kiém tra r9 11 day ti wu, Kha haome hoi sin sinh ng, hy dau kip. tit dn ng hé hoi. Do san wong hoi vi dy va0 cutanhién ligy TY 18 hot vi nbign ligula each do higu su 6 hot chin. Sie dung he thong quan trie d& £6: s& cho thiy cae dau higu xuéng cap. cp. Cin lau 9 1a dong hé hoi chi doc chinh xée 6 ap sudt hoi d& due higu chinh, C6 “one phai higu chinh lai. Kiém tra 16 ri 6 cdc dng, méi néi, bay hoi, ca 6 nhimg ché khdng tiép cin duge. Nhiing éng khéng sit dung nén téch rigng va nhimg éng thita nén logi bd. Da c6 ai duge chi dinh dé van hanh va kiém tra tong quan sau khi lip dit? Céng vige nay nén duge néu 19 trong bin mé ta c6ng vige cia ngudi d6. Hign c cée tai ligu eg ban duéi dang bin ve, chi dn vin hanh va chi tiét bao tri dé cung ep cho nhin vign d6 khéng? Cé s6 nhit ky d& ghi lai céc di ligu vé bao tri da thye hign, cde théng s6 khi 19 thye t6, mie tiéu thy nhién ligu hang tuan hodc hang thang va cdc nhan xét khong? Dam bao rang 4p suat hoi khéng cao hhom yéu edu, Khi tai lugmg ban dém it hon ban ngay, xem xét khi ning digu chinh dp suat dao dng trong ai rng hon vao ban dém nhim giim tan suat tit b6 d6t hoi han ché toc d6 dét t6i da cia 18. Xem xét nhu céu bao ti cdc 16 hoi trong diéu kign dy phong-thudng gay t6n that nhiét khéng tinh dén. Céc 18 hoi trong ché d6 ché can duge tach riéng khi va chat léng. Sir dung nhat ky van hanh cua phéng dat 16 hoi dé so sanh cae két qua hoat dong véi mye tiéu. Khi kiém tra qué trinh chay, vv... véi cde thiét bj cam tay, dim bio 1 vie kiém tra thye hign déu din va cde digu kién tai duge ghi lai trong nhat ky: % of CO2 6 cché d6 lita t6i da/nita tai, wv... Ba kiém tra day chuyén nhim dam bio li dao dng tii lén khéng do van hanh cdc thiét bi trong phéng dit 1d hoi sai gay ra, vi dy nhu tat/bat kiém soat tiép ligu, sia chita hong hoe cita hg théng tip ligu, Hg théng nude néng ¢6 duge pha thém phy gia chéng in mén va duge kiém tra hang nam dé xem néng a c6 edn thich hgp khong? Dim bio ring phy gia nay KHONG duge dura Hung din st dung ning hrm hig qui trong nginh cng nghigp Chiu A - www.energyefficiencyasia.org QUNEP 33 34. Thiét bj nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét vao bé gia nhiét nuéc néng sinh hoat vi ching sé lam nhiém ban nuéc ra cdc voi & bé nude. Thu héi toan bé nude ngung 6 nhiing noi cé thé va sé tiét kigm duge ning Iugng kha lén, 5.3 Khu vye 16 hoi va khu vye day chuyén MG cita théng khi va thang xuyén Lim sach va kiém tra khu vue cé cita mé dé dam bao thong thong. KhOng sir dung buéng thiét bj lim kho chita, ly khi hay siy khé. Vige bio dung bom va eée van tr dng ¢6 tuan theo chi dan eta nha sin xuat khong? Cac bom dang host déng va 6 ché a6 chi e6 duge thay di nhau mdi thang mét Lin? Nhi may ¢6 lap cdc van each ly bom? G cdc bén cia bom cé lap diém kiém tra 4p sudt/ nhigt hog cde chi s6 khae ‘hing? Vo bom e6 lip tht bj thodt khi khong? Cae b6 phin chuyén dng c6 duge bao vg khong? Dam bao thudng xuyén kiém tra d6 chinh xa é va van. Kiém tra xem céc thiét bj an ton cé hoat dng higu qua khong. Kigm ta ede tigp xtc digm 05 sach va an toan khdng, Dam bdo ring cdc v6 thiét bi va cdc nap an ton & ding vj tri. Kiém tra cdc du xtie vi cde didu kign xéu, vi dy nhur da cm, dim bio ring ching sach, khong d nhigt d9 khong duge tiép xiie voi anh c dat gin éng néng hoge day chuyé trinh, Bam bio ring chi nhimg ngudi cé phn su méi duge sit dung cdc thiét bi diéu khién. MGi bd phn ciia day chuyén cn van hanh khi can va nén duge kiém soat ty dng. Thiét bj dieu khién thoi gian va tot nhat 1 toin b6 day chuyén, nén duge tyr dng hod, V6i nhiing lip dat nhiéu 16 hoi, céch ly ede 16 hoi kh6ng nim trong nhu cau sin sing hoat déng, nén tich biét véi phia nuéc va néu cé thé, ca khi. Bam bio ring céc 16 hoi nay khéng the bj chay, Tach riéng hé théng hoi (c6 bao vé) gitip giam ton that nhiét. Véi nhiing lip dit nhiéu 1d hoi V6i nhing hé théng gém nhiéu 1d hoi, nén lap dat thiét bj kiém sodt tyr dong tai cia 1d hoi sao cho 86 16 hoi hoat dong dip tmg nhu cau hoi cua hé thong. Nén giam nhiét d6 van hin va khéng ti cam shite gia hi 5763sevsa2018 wv sdesharenevesueerTStan-i-bitb-ga-shit 16 hoi 6 nhiing ché c6 thé bang nhimg thiét bj bén ngoai 16 hoi va véi 16 hoi van hanh trong dai nhigt 4 kh6ng d6i binh thug. 5.4 Nude vi hoi Nudc dp cho Id hoi phai dap img duge ede tiéu chuan do nha sin xudt dura ra. Nude phai sach, khéng mau va khéng lan tap chat lo img. D6 cimg t6i da: 0,25 ppm. CaCO3. pI: 8-10 lam cham hoat tinh va an mon. pI nhé hon 7 sé lam ting toc d6 An mon do tinh axit. 02 hod tan nhé hon 0,02 mg/l. 02 xudt hign cing $O2 gay hign twgng 4n mon, CO2: Nén duge duy tri & cing 02 gay hign twong an mén, dic biét ld voi déng va cdc hop kim chita déng. Nuéc khéng dugc chita dau. 5.5 Nude 18 hoi Huéng dan str dung nang hong hiéu qua trong nganh cng nghigp Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org QUNEP 34 het bi nhiét: Ld hoi va thiét bj gia nhigt Nude phai c6 tinh kiém—trong ving 150 ppm CaCO3 va trén 50 ppm CaCO3, pH= 8,3 — Tinh kiém nén nhé hon 120. Tong chat rin nén duy tri 6 duéi mute gia tj vugt qué mite d6 nhigm ban cia hoi, dé tranh tgo ra cn bém trén céc duémg din hoi chinh va thiét bi gia nnhigt. Phosphat khdng nén vugt qué 25 ppm P2 05, Nude cap qua xir ly chi duge chia mot lugng rit nhé silic oxit, Lugng silic oxit phai it hon 40 ppm & nude 18 hoi va 0,02 ppm 6 hoi, dudi dang SiO2. tagng nay lon hon, ching sé bam ¢ céh tua bin, Cac néng dé trong nude 18 hoi ti da theo dé xuat iia Higp hdi Cac nha san xuat 16 hoi My. Ap suat hoi 6 18 hoi (ata) Nong 46 nude 16 hoi t6i da (ppm) 0-20 3500 20-30 3000 3040 2500 40-50 2000 50-60 1500 60-70 1250 70-100 1000 Can lip dat day chuyén khéng duge vurgt qué 20 % tong néng 49, L6 hoi phai durge duy tri 6 myc nude thich hop. Thong thug lip dat hai déng hé dé dam bao diéu nay. _Ngudi van hanh can tién hanh xa danh thuong xuyén 6 méi ca, hode it nhit mdi ngay mét lan khi ld hoi sin xuit hoi duéi 24h/ngay. 5.6 Quy trinh xa day (BD) Quy trinh xa day theo truyén théng va duge sit dung nhu sau: 1, Déng khoa nude 2. ‘M6 van xa (Iuu ¥ 1a hoi thodt ra ty do) 3. Dong van xa 4. Dong van hoi 5. Mé van nude 6, Mé van xi (uu § 1a made thodt ra ur do) 7. Déng van xa 8, Ma van hoi 9. Ma va déng van xa dé xi lin cudi, Nude dau tién chay ra dai dign cho nude 16 hoi, Néu nuéc khong miu, can tim hiéu nguyén nhin, Huéng din sir dung nang Iwgng hiéu qua trong nganh céng nghiép Chau A — www.energyefficiencyasia.org ©UNEP 35 36. 36. Thiét bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt 6. BANG TINH VA CAC CONG CU KHAC Phin nay bao ‘g6m cde bing tinh vé hoat dng ciia 16 hoi, bang thu thap s6 ligu, phan tich nhign ligu) va cde céng cu khac (Danh sach kiém tra hoat dong cia 1 hoi; Cac nguyén tic chung; nhitng viée nén va khéng nén Jam) 6.1 Bang tinh Bang tinh 16 hoi 1. HOAT DONG: CUA LO HOI STT Tham khao théng 86 Don vj Doe 1 Phan tich tuyét doi Carbon % Hydro % Oxy % Sulphur % Nito % Dé am % Xi % 2 GCV nhién ligu KCal/kg 3 Oxy trong khi 16 % 4 Nhiét 46 khi ld (Tf) 0 C 5 Nhiét 46 méi truémg xung quanh (Ta) 0 C 6 Dé am trong khéng khi Kg/kg khi khé 7 Chay trong xi % 8 GCV xi KCal/kg 9 Khi du cap (EA) (02 x 100)/(21 — 02) % 10 Nhu cau khéng khi trén ly thuyét (TAR) [I] x C + {34,5 x (H2 - 02/8)} + 4,32 x S]/100 kg/kg nhién ligu 11 Luong khi cép thye té {1 + EA/100} x khong khi trén ly thuyét kg/kg nhién ligu 12 % ton that nhiét do khi 16 khé {k x (Tf Ta)} / % CO2 Trong dé, k (hing s6 Seigert) = 0,65 véi than = 0,56 véi dau % Huéng dan sir dung ning Iugng higu qud trong nganh céng nghiép Chau www.cnergyefficiencyasia.org CUNEP 36 . 37. 37. Thiét bi nhigt: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhigt STT Tham khao théng sé Don vj Doc = 0,40 cho NG 13 % tan that nhigt do bay hoi nude tao thinh do c6 H2 trong nhign ligu [9 x H2 {584 + 0,45(TF— Ta)} / GCV nhién ligu % 14 % ton that nhiét do bay hoi tir dé am trong nhién ligu [M x {584 + 0,45 x (Tf—Ta)}]/ GCV nhién ligu % 15 % ton that nhigt do d am trong khong Khi {AAS x D9 am x 0,45 (Tf Ta) x 100}, J GCV nhién ligu % 16 % ton that nhigt do chéy trong xi {xi x (100 — chy trong xi) x GCV of xi x 100} / GCV nhién ligu % 17 Tong lugng tan that % 18 Higu suat% Bang tinh 1é hoi 2: BANG THU THAP SO LIEU STT Tham khio thong s6 Don vi Dge 1 Logi Io hoi 2 Chit lueng hoi sin sinh TPH 3 Ap suit hoi Kg/em2 (g) 4 Nhiét d9 hoi 0 C 5 Nhién ligu sir dung (Than/Daw/Gas, wv...) 6 Luong nhién ligu sit dung ‘TPH 7 GCV nhign ligu kCal/kg 8 Nhiét d6 made cp 0 C 9 Oxy trong khi 15 % 10 Nhigt 46 khi 18 (Tf) 0 C 1 Nhigt 4 méi tréng xung quanh(Ta) 0 C 12 D6 am khéng khi Kg/kg khi khé 13 Chay trong xi % KCal/kg Hung dan sir dung nang Iugng higu qua trong nginh céng nghi¢p Chau A — cfficiencyasia.org CUNEP 37 38. Thiet bi nhiét: Lo hoi va thiét bi gia nhiét Bang tinh 16 hoi 3: BANG PHAN TICH NHIEN LIEU STT Tham khao théng s6 Don vj Doc | Phan tich tuyét déi Carbon % Hydro % Oxy % Sulphur % Nito % Do am % Xi % 2 GCV nhién ligu KCal/kg 6.2 Danh sich kiém tra dinh ky 1 hoi Kiém tra dinh ky 13 hoi System Hang ngay Hang tuan Hing thing Hang nim BD va xit ly nuéc Kiém tra céc van BD khong 16, BD khéng du - Bam bao khéng bj dng can - Hé théng nude cdp Kiém tra va khac phuc hrgng nuée 16 hoi khéng én djnh. Tim nguyén nhan khién mite nude khéng én dinh, chat 6 nhiém, hoat déng sai chite nang, vv... Dimg cdc bom cp nude dé kiém tra cdc thiét bi kiém sodt va thir dimg nhién ligu khong Thiét tptww alidesharentisuserbS7SBali-i-vshitb gat saisasevsa2018 ww sdesharenevesueerSStan-H-biLb-ga-shit bj thu nude ngung, bom hé théng logi b6 khéng khi Khi ld Kiém tra nhiét d6 6 hai diém khée nhau Do nhigt d6 va so sdnh thanh phin & céc diém dt va diéu chin van dé xuét, Twong ty hang twin, So sénh véi thong s6 doc duge truée d6. Tuong ty tham khéo s6 ligu da ghi hang tuan. Cap khng khi cho qua trinh chay Kiém tra mite 46 hgp ly ctia cita 6 trén duéng cap khi vio. Lam sach duéng cap Lé dét Kiém tra bo phan diéu khién xem eso hoat dong binh thuemg khéng, Cé thé can phai lim sach vai lin trong mot ii iia 16 dét cling dién cue. Quan sit ngon lita va ede @c tinh cia né. Van xa Kiém tra ré ri Thay va tu sita lai Kiém tra tai rong vugt tri la nguyén Huéng din sir dung nang rong higu qua trong nganh cong nghiép Chau A — www.energyelliciencyasia.org CUNEP 38 Foundations of Programming: Databases Foundations of Programming: Fundamentals He thong hoi Khong Ton Ngo iptv slidesharenetssuse5758ai-rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit ‘ai Liéu van hanh va sit dung ndi hoi iseowebvn ‘Téng quan vé ndi hoi lohoi Ky thudt an toan van hanh ndi hoi Jehung_auto iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhitrovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit LinkedIn Corporation © 2016 Share Clipboard Email Enter email addresses ‘add a message From Lo Send Email sent successfully. + Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Google+ Link | Public clipboards featuring this slide 575.000 132 noi bin Thiét Bj Phat Séng Wifi TP-Link TL-WR9. “ No public clipboards found for this slide iptv slideshareneissuserb5758al-hi-w-shitb-gla-nhit e163rovrano16 ww slideshare nessuserbS7SHali-ti-vtht-bgia-hit Save the most important slides with Clipping Clipping is a handy way to collect and organize the most important slides from a presentation. 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