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Orange Farming Project Report, Cost and Pro t

By Jagdish Reddy  Updated: April 11, 2019  In Project Reports

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Introduction to Orange farming project report Your Name

The following information explains about Orange farming and Orange farming project
report.
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Orange belongs to the citrus fruit category and is also addressed as sweet orange. It is believed
that orange is a hybrid of pomelo and mandarin. Orange trees are greatly found in tropical and
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subtropical regions of the world and are the most cultivated fruits. This tree is not a wild
species; rather it was domesticated by cross-breeding two other varieties of citrus fruits. The Subscribe
countries that rst started orange cultivation are North Eastern India, China, and Indo-China.
During the 13th century, the fruit traveled to Europe and parts of South America and Central
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fruit is covered by a peel, which originates due to the thickening of the ovary wall. This tree is
evergreen in nature and is considered as a owering variety. The average height of the tree is 9 Biogas Production Process, Working
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to 10 m. The leaves of the tree are oval in shape and are arranged alternately. The fruit is
either spherical or oblong in shape. There is a white bitter tissue under the peel and is called Maturity of Fruits and Vegetables-A
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the mesocarp. The fruit has several carpels divided by membranes. The fruit is green when
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10 or 15:1. As it is a known fact that citrus fruits contain vitamin C, this is true for oranges as
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Orange farming scope and importance in India India

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The productivity per hectare is very low in India and it ranks 64 in this category by producing Tissue Culture Plants Techniques For
only 9.23 tonnes per hectare. India exports more than 25 thousand tonnes to countries like Beginners
Bangladesh, Kuwait, and Oman, etc. It is estimated that currently, the area under orange Growing Dwarf Pomegranate – From
cultivation in India has increased from 2.49 lakh hectares to 5.63 lakh hectares. Maharashtra is Seed, Winter Care
the leading producer of oranges accounting for 40% of the total production. Madhya Pradesh High Density Papaya Plantation – Spacing,
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The tree is medium in height, with thorns or no thorns and straight in structure.
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The fruit weight is around 140-200 g with 0.3-0.35% acidity. The color of the fruit is yellow or Loans, Schemes
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The skin of the fruit is loose. The tender pulp is sa ron or orange in color with sugar acid
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The trees are tall and have thorns. The trees have late maturity.
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Fruits of the tree are round, oblate or globose in shape with around 0.57% of acidity. Project Guide

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The trees are tall and develop a dense canopy structure.

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The soil that is best suited for orange plants should be light and well drained. Any soil such as Tips, and Ideas
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November. The length of the budwood should be 8 to 12 inches. The rootstock plant is
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region grow, 2/3 of the rootstock is cut along with the grafted region and is planted on the
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dimensions 1 x 1 x 1 meter are dug for planting the seedlings and each pit is lled with a Economics

mixture of 15-20 kg of FYM, 500 g of superphosphate and topsoil. The best time for planting is Red gram Cultivation Income (Toor Dal),
from June till August. The normal spacing for planting the trees is 6 x 6 m such that one hectare Project Report

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The high-density planting is practiced in hilly regions where planting is done on terraces
against the slopes so as to accommodate more plants. These plants or trees are extremely
sensitive to waterlogging and stagnation, so drainage channels of 3 to 4 ft depth along the FAQs
slopes of the hilly regions are essential. The spacing for high-density planting is 1.8 x 1.8 m Frequently Asked Questions About
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Each pit is initially supplied with a half kg of superphosphate. 20 kg of FYM per plant is required
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during the rst year of planting and in the subsequent years, the requirement changes to 10
kg, 15 kg and 20 kg respectively. The orange tree requires an annual supplement of 100 g of Frequently Asked Questions About
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nitrogen fertilizer in three split doses around the months of April, August and November and
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when the soil is black clayey, then 25 g of potassium fertilizer may be required for the plant.
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The need for micronutrients is high on orange plants otherwise this may lead to disorder in
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doses. The important micronutrients required by the plant are zinc, manganese, and iron.
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Orange farming project report – irrigation requirements
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The minimum water required by the plants is 900 to 1100 mm in a year. This quantity may vary and, Answers
for young plants and mature plants depending on the season. Irrigation is required by the
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plants at an interval of 10 to 15 days during winter and at an interval of 5 to 7 days during Farming (FAQs)
summer. Orange plants have a high water requirement when compared to other sub-tropical
fruit plants. A mature orange plant on an average needs 60 to 170 liters of water in a day.

Drip irrigation is the most e cient and economical way of water supply to the plants, especially
in areas with low rainfall. Care should be taken such that irrigation water doesn’t contain salts
more than 1000 ppm, which may otherwise be injurious.

Irrigation Requirements of Oranges.

Orange farming project report – pest and disease management

Some of the common pests are citrus wooly white y, scales, thrips, mites, mealy bugs, and
nematodes. Other than these, there could also be a pest like:

Leaf miner – this pest dwells on the surface of the leaves and causes the leaf lamina to
weaken. Insecticides can help control the pest.

Citrus psyllid – this pest infests the plants in the colder regions and causes pits in the leaves.
The leaves ultimately start yellowing and curling up which makes the plant less productive.
Pruning the infested leaves is a good solution to the problem.

Aphids – these pests also cause leaf deformation and stunted growth in twigs and can be
controlled by spraying pesticides.

Orange dog – it is a caterpillar which infests the plants at all stages of growth and can be
controlled by removing the areas of the plants where they are found or by spraying an
insecticide would help control the pest.

The common diseases of orange plants are leaf rot, fruit rot, scab, stem rot, Phytophthora and
Penicillium. They can all be controlled by using a proper fungicide. Keeping the farm clean and
using disease-free varieties of planting material can be useful.

Read: Organic Cotton Farming In India.

Orange farming project report – intercultural operations

Intercultural Operations of Orange Farming.

Removal of weeds is highly recommended during the initial years of plant growth. Use of
chemical weedicides or hoeing can help remove the weeds. Operations like ploughing,
spading the basins, weed removal help aerate the soil and maintain its fertility.

The basin of the plants needs to be mulched with dry leaves or paddy husk with about 8 cm
of thickness so as to lessen the weed growth and retain moisture in the soil thereby
improving the fruit quality.

Intercropping with crops like gram, groundnut, cowpeas, French beans can be practiced
during the initial years of orange farming. Producing legumes and vegetables can bring
extra income to the farmer.

So as to facilitate strong trunk growth, the small shoots of 40 to 50 cm length from the
ground level are removed. Criss-cross twigs and water suckers have to be removed
immediately during the early stages of growth. Pruning the diseased, injured and drooping
branches is advisable to maintain the farm properly.

There is a possibility of early fruit drop in most of the orange plants; therefore to correct this
chemical sprays can be used three times, one during the owering, second during the fruit-
bearing season and third before the harvesting season.

Orange farming project report – harvesting and yield

Generally, orange plants produce three ushes termed as ambia bahar during Dec –Jan, mrig
bahar during June- July and hastha bahar during Sept-Oct. The harvest of orange plants is done
only after 3 or 4 years from planting and it is estimated that a single tree can produce 40-50
fruits. The productive life span of an orange tree is around 15 to 20 years. The full bearing
capacity of the tree is attained only after 10 years. The size and color of the fruit are the main
factors which indicate harvesting time. Normally it is believed that the fruits mature in 240-280
days. Harvesting is done using clippers or shears.

Yield Of Oranges.

Orange farming project report – post-harvest management

Fruits are graded according to their size and color. All the diseased, deformed, bruised and
unripe fruits are sorted out.

Ethylene gas is used for treating the unripe green oranges such that they develop yellow or
orange color.

Oranges require a temperature of 7 to 8˚C and humidity of 85-90% such that they can be
stored for 4 – 8 weeks.

The general practice is to wash the harvested fruits with chlorine and coat them with a shine
wax so that the fruits look fresh. They are dried at a temperature of 50-55˚C after coating. If
the fruits have to be transported over longer distances, then they are packed in wooden
boxes else baskets made of bamboo and mulberry are used for packing oranges. The boxes
or baskets have to be ventilated and the fruits should be wrapped in tissue paper or
newspaper for protection.

Orange farming project report – economics/cost and pro t

analysis

Economics Of Orange Cultivation or Orange Farming Project Report.

The estimation for farming oranges in a hectare of land is given here. The details or gures
mentioned here are rough assumptions for the materials needed. The price of investment
materials may vary depending on the area and manufacturer. It is important to make a survey
in the local market before investing.

The average price of one planting material: Rs 50 (depending on the variety of the fruit
the price may vary).

One hectare land needs planting material: 275.

The total cost of planting material: Rs 13,750.

Cost of labor per man-day: Rs 200.

Cost of farmyard manure: Rs 2.5/kg.

Cost of urea: Rs 5.7/kg.

Cost of superphosphate: Rs 5.8/kg.

Cost of muriate potash: Rs 16.6/kg.

Plant protection material: Rs 350/litre.

Cost of irrigation pipeline with drip facility: Rs 50,000.

Total Cost.

There could be some infrastructure charges like the store and pump house: Rs 30,000
(average cost).

The labor housing charges: Rs 5000 (may vary depending on the size and material).

Agricultural equipments: Rs 10,000.

Fencing the land: Rs 50,000 (again, it depends on the material used for fencing).

The investment for fertilizers, manure, labor, irrigation are all needed for the
subsequent years and may cost around 30 to 50 thousand annually. The fruit is
available to harvest only after 3 to 4 years of planting.

One orange plant produces 10 kgs of fruits (approximately).

One hectare of land produces fruits: 2750 kgs.

Cost of 1 kg of oranges: Rs 80 (average).

Cost of 2750 kgs of oranges: Rs 2, 20,000 (this is the income generated in the 4th year of
planting).

The yield of fruits increases every subsequent year and is found to be 30 kgs per plant in the
next year.

So the income for the year 5 for (275 x 30) kgs of fruits is: Rs 80 x 8250 = Rs 6, 60,000.

So the pro t generated is: (Income from the fruits – the expenditure on the investment
material).

                                                  (Rs 2, 20,000 – Rs 61,000) = Rs 1, 59,000.

It is important to clearly note that there is no yield from the orange plants for the rst 3 to 4
years, but the generation of income starts after this period.

Orange farming project report – loans and subsidies

Loans and Subsidies of Orange Farming Project Report.

50% subsidy is given on the cost of cultivation for farmers who have obtained the global
GAP certi cate in the state of Maharashtra. This subsidy scheme is being given by
Maharashtra State Agricultural Marketing Board (MSAMB), Pune on a rst come rst serve
basis.

It is considered that the horticulture board of every state has some subsidy scheme outlined
for the farmers depending on the type of fruits favorable to be grown in that area. It is
requested to either visit the horticulture board website or contact the nearest o ce for
further information.

Orange farming project report – planting material availability

The planting material can be obtained from ‘Nafees Nursery and Exporter’ located in
Lucknow (UP, India).

Vijaya Phyto farms in Hyderabad, Telangana is also a supplier of planting material for sweet
oranges.

The ‘agrihub’ is a place where one can nd more suppliers for their speci c seedling
requirements.

The local government o ces for agriculture development also sometimes provide planting
material.

Read: PINEAPPLE FARMING PROJECT REPORT.

Read: GROWING HERBS AND SPICES.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction to Orange farming project report

1.1 Orange fruit properties
1.2 Orange farming scope and importance in India
1.3 Orange varieties in India
1.3.1 Khasi Mandarin
1.3.2 Darjeeling Santra
1.3.3 Nagpur Santra
1.3.4 Coorg Mandarin
1.3.5 Kinnow
1.4 The soil and climate requirements for growing Oranges
1.5 Propagation methods of Oranges
1.6 The land preparation and planting of Oranges
1.7 Manure and fertilizer requirements for Orange trees
1.8 Orange farming project report – irrigation requirements
1.9 Orange farming project report – pest and disease management
1.10 Orange farming project report – intercultural operations
1.11 Orange farming project report – harvesting and yield
1.12 Orange farming project report – post-harvest management
1.13 Orange farming project report – economics/cost and pro t analysis
1.14 Orange farming project report – loans and subsidies
1.15 Orange farming project report – planting material availability

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Jagdish Reddy
https://www.agrifarming.in

Mr. Reddy was born in farmer's family and was into 'IT' profession where he was not happy with
his activities. Decided to come back to farming, agriculture sector as a Farmer and Writer. He
plans collaborating his agriculture, horticulture and farming knowledge into a subject of help to
all those who wish grow crops, venture into farming or gardening.

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