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SAPANG PALAY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Let us recall the different triangle congruency postulates and theorems below.
Postulate/Theorem Illustration
SAS Congruence Postulate
(Side–Angle–Side)
If two sides and the included angle of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
sides and included angle of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
ASA Congruence Postulate
(Angle–Side–Angle)
If two angles and the included side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
angles and the included side of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
SSS Congruence Postulate
(Side–Side–Side)
If three sides of one triangle are congruent to
the corresponding three sides of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
AAS Congruence Theorem
(Angle–Angle–Side)
If two angles and the nonincluded side of one
triangle are congruent to the corresponding two
angles and the nonincluded side of another
triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
LL Congruence Theorem
(Leg–Leg)
If two legs of a right triangle are congruent to
two legs of another right triangle, then the
triangles are congruent.
LA Congruence Theorem
(Leg–Angle)
If a leg and an acute angle of a right triangle are
congruent to a leg and an acute angle of
another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
HL Congruence Theorem
(Hypotenuse–Leg)
If a hypotenuse and a leg of a right triangle are
congruent to a hypotenuse and a leg of another
right triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
HA Congruence Theorem
(Hypotenuse–Angle)
If a hypotenuse and an angle of a right triangle
are congruent to a hypotenuse and an angle of
another right triangle, then the triangles are
congruent.
Step 2: Connect the first three points to make the first triangle, and do the same for
the last three points to form the second triangle.
Step 3: Get a ruler and measure the sides of the triangles and record the result on your
notebook. Follow the format below.
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Step 4: Using a protractor, measure the angles of the two triangles. Record the
measurements on your notebook following the format below.
Questions:
1. Compare the length of the sides of the two triangles.
2. Relate the measure of the angles of the first triangle with the measure of the angles of the second
triangle.
3. In one word, describe the two triangles.
You have learned that if two triangles are congruent, their CPCTC is the abbreviation
corresponding parts are also congruent as stated by the CPCTC. This means of Corresponding Parts of
that the sides of the first triangle have the same lengths as the sides of the Congruent Triangles are
second triangle and the angles of the first triangle have also the same Congruent.
measurements with the angles of the other triangle.
From our previous activity we can say that ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹, because the corresponding sides and
corresponding angles of the two triangles have equal measurements.
Remember that congruence means having the same shape and/or the same size. Therefore, from
our previous example we can say that:
if ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 , then 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐸; Reading the symbols:
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐸𝐹
if 𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ , then 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐸𝐹; and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸
if ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐹 , then 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐹. Side AB is congruent to side DE.
Also, 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐸
AB is equal to DE.
if ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷, then 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐷; ∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷
if ∠𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐸, then 𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐸; and Angle A is congruent to angle D.
if ∠𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐹, then 𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐹. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐷
Measure of angle A is equal to the
measure of angle D.
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐸 as ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and 𝐴𝐵 ≅ 𝐷𝐸
𝐴𝐵 = 𝐷𝐸
or
∠𝐴 ≅ ∠𝐷 and 𝑚∠𝐴 = 𝑚∠𝐷 as ∠𝐴 = ∠𝐷 and 𝑚∠𝐴 ≅ 𝑚∠𝐷 .
Before going through the examples, read first the steps in finding the missing parts of congruent
triangles.
Illustrative Example 1.
Find the measure of the indicated parts.
a. ̅𝐼𝑁
̅̅̅
b. ̅̅̅
𝐼𝐾
c. ∠𝑀
d. ∠𝑈
Solution:
Step 1. The illustration is not needed since the figure is already given.
Step 2. By looking at the marks we can say that the two triangles are congruent by ASA Postulate.
Step 3. You will see below the list of corresponding parts.
̅̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐼𝑁
𝑀𝑈 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑀 ↔ ∠𝐼
̅̅̅̅
𝑈𝐺 ↔ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑁𝐾 ∠𝑈 ↔ ∠𝑁
̅̅̅̅̅ ↔ ̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 𝐼𝐾 ∠𝐺 ↔ ∠𝐾
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Step 4. By CPCTC, we already claim that the corresponding parts listed in the table are congruent and
have equal measurements.
a. If 𝐼𝑁 = 𝑀𝑈, and 𝑀𝑈 = 13.49, then 𝑰𝑵 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟒𝟗.
b. If 𝐼𝐾 = 𝑀𝐺, and 𝑀𝐺 = 11, then 𝑰𝑲 = 𝟏𝟏. Notice that in
c. If 𝑚∠𝑀 = 𝑚∠𝐼, and 𝑚∠𝐼 = 60, then 𝒎∠𝑴 = 𝟔𝟎. this problem we
d. If 𝑚∠𝑈 = 𝑚∠𝑁, and 𝑚∠𝑁 = 50 , then 𝒎∠𝑼 = 𝟓𝟎. kept on using
Solution for d: one of the
𝑚∠𝐼 + 𝑚∠𝑁 + 𝑚∠𝐾 = 180 properties of
60 + 𝑚∠𝑁 + 70 = 180 equality which
𝑚∠𝑁 = 180 − 60 − 70 is the transitive
𝑚∠𝑁 = 50 property.
Since 𝑚∠𝑁 = 50, then 𝑚∠𝑈 = 50
According to
***Note: The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is always 180°. this property:
If a=b and b=c,
then a=c.
Illustrative Example 2.
Step 2. We may skip this step since the congruency of triangles ∆𝐻𝑂𝑇and ∆𝑃𝐼𝐸 is already established.
Step 3. Since we are only looking for the sides of the triangle, then we will just determine the corresponding
sides.
Corresponding Sides
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑂 ↔ ̅̅̅
𝑃𝐼
̅̅̅̅ ↔ ̅̅̅
𝑂𝑇 𝐼𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝑇 ↔ ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸
Illustrative Example 3.
⃡𝑃𝑁 is the perpendicular bisector of ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 where, ̅̅̅̅
𝑃𝐸 = 𝑥 + 3,
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 = 6, and 𝐸𝑁 = 2𝑥 − 4. Find the perimeter of ∆𝐸𝑃𝐴.
Solution:
Step 1. Although an illustration is provided, we may add
markings to easily determine the congruent parts.
* As stated in the given, ⃡𝑃𝑁 is the perpendicular
̅̅̅̅ . Therefore, point N is the midpoint of
bisector of 𝐴𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 and we can say that that ̅̅̅̅ 𝐴𝑁 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁 .
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝑃𝑁
*By symmetric property, 𝑃𝑁 ̅̅̅̅.
⃡
Note: 𝑃𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ , then the angles
is perpendicular to 𝐴𝐸
formed, ∠𝐴𝑁𝑃 and ∠𝐸𝑁𝑃, are both right angles.
Thus, ∆𝑃𝐴𝑁 and ∆𝑃𝐸𝑁 are right triangles.
Step 2. Looking at the markings, we can say that ∆𝑃𝐴𝑁 ≅ ∆𝑃𝐸𝑁 by LL Theorem.
Step 3. Corresponding Sides Corresponding Angles
̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝑃𝐸
𝑃𝐴 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑃𝐴𝑁 ↔ ∠𝑃𝐸𝑁
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝑁 ↔ ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝑁 ∠𝐴𝑁𝑃 ↔ ∠𝐸𝑁𝑃
̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝑃𝑁
𝑃𝑁 ̅̅̅̅ ∠𝑁𝑃𝐴 ↔ ∠𝑁𝑃𝐸
Finally, 𝑃∆𝐸𝑃𝐴 = PA + PE + AE
= 8 + 8 + 12
= 28 (The perimeter of
∆𝐸𝑃𝐴 is 28.)
Illustrative Example 4.
Given that 𝐴𝐵 is the angle bisector of ∠𝐶𝐴𝐷, ∠𝐴𝐶𝐵 ≅ ∠𝐴𝐷𝐵 , 𝐶𝐴 = 𝑥 + 6, and 𝐷𝐴 = 2𝑥 − 3. Find DA.
Solution:
Step 1. The given above may be illustrated as
* ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ≅ ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 by symmetric property.
Step 2. From the illustration we made, we can say that ∆𝐶𝐴𝐵 ≅ ∆𝐷𝐴𝐵 by AAS Theorem.
Step 3. We can see that only the sides of the triangles are given. Then, we will list only the corresponding
sides.
Corresponding Sides
̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐷𝐴
𝐶𝐴 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐴𝐵
𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅̅ ↔ 𝐵𝐷
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅
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9= 𝑥 or 𝑥=9
Solving for DA, we just need to substitute the value of x to the expression 2𝑥 − 3.
𝐷𝐴 = 2𝑥 − 3
= 2(9) − 3
= 18 − 3
= 15
Therefore, 𝑫𝑨 = 𝟏𝟓.
Illustrative Example 5.
Solution:
Step 1. The illustration is not needed since the figure is already given.
Step 2. Looking at the markings we can see that one pair of angles (∠𝑂𝐹𝑌 and ∠𝑂𝑅𝑈) and one pair of sides
̅̅̅̅ & ̅̅̅̅
(𝐹𝑂 𝑅𝑂) are congruent. In addition, another pair of congruent angles can be observed, vertical angles
∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 and ∠𝑅𝑂𝑈. Therefore ∆𝐹𝑂𝑌 ≅ ∆𝑅𝑂𝑈 by ASA Theorem.
Step 3. Based on the given and unknown, we may list only the corresponding angles.
Corresponding Angles
∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 ↔ ∠𝑅𝑂𝑈
∠𝑂𝑌𝐹 ↔ ∠𝑂𝑈𝑅
∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 ↔ ∠𝑈𝑅𝑂
Step 4.
Since ∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 ↔ ∠𝑅𝑂𝑈, then ∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 ≅ ∠𝑅𝑂𝑈.
Thus, 𝑚∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 = 𝑚∠𝑅𝑂𝑈
If 𝑚∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 = 𝑥 and 𝑚∠𝑅𝑂𝑈 = 𝑦 + 10
Then, 𝑥 = 𝑦 + 10 (equation 1)
We can say that ∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 ≅ ∠𝑈𝑅𝑂, because ∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 ↔ ∠𝑈𝑅𝑂
Then, 𝑚∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 = 𝑚∠𝑈𝑅𝑂
If 𝑚∠𝑈𝑅𝑂 = 110°, then 𝑚∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 = 110°.
We add the angles of ∆𝐹𝑂𝑌 and equate it to 180.
𝑚∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 + 𝑚∠𝑂𝑌𝐹 + 𝑚∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 = 180
Recall that 𝑚∠𝐹𝑂𝑌 = 𝑥, 𝑚∠𝑂𝑌𝐹 = 𝑦, and 𝑚∠𝑌𝐹𝑂 = 110°
Substituting the value of each angle, we have
𝑥 + 𝑦 + 110 = 180 (equation 2)
Substitute the value of x from equation 1 to the x of equation 2
𝑦 + 10 + 𝑦 + 110 = 180
2𝑦 + 120 = 180
2𝑦 = 180 − 120
2𝑦 = 60
2𝑦 60
=
2 2
𝑦 = 30
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To solve for x, we will substitute the value of y in equation 1.
𝑥 = 𝑦 + 10
𝑥 = 30 + 10
𝑥 = 40
Therefore, the values of x and y respectively is 30 and 40.
Activities:
Directions: Copy all activities on a separate sheet of paper then answer.
Activity 1: Easy Peasy
Given: ∆𝐸𝑁𝐺 ≅ ∆𝐹𝐼𝐿. Answer each of the following.
1. Illustrate ∆𝐸𝑁𝐺 and ∆𝐹𝐼𝐿.
2. Identify their corresponding parts.
3. If 𝐸𝑁 = 24𝑖𝑛 and 𝑁𝐺 = 17𝑖𝑛, what is the length of IL?
4. If 𝑚∠𝑁 = 59 and 𝑚∠𝐺 = 90, what is 𝑚∠𝐹?
a. LA=
b. AY=
c. OT=
Figure 1
2. Solve the measure of the indicated angles using Figure 2.
a. 𝑚∠𝐾 =
b. 𝑚∠𝐼 =
c. 𝑚∠𝐶 =
Figure 2
Activity 3: Getting Deep
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Figure 3 Figure 4
̅̅̅̅ ≅ 𝐼𝐿
2. In Figure 4, 𝑂𝐿 ̅ and 𝑚∠𝐼𝑃𝐿 ≅ 𝑚∠𝑂𝑇𝐿.
a. Name the triangle congruent to ∆𝑃𝐿𝐼.
b. State the postulate/theorem that will verify their congruency.
c. Find the measure of ∠𝑂𝑇𝐿, if 𝑚∠𝑃𝐿𝑇 = 5𝑥, 𝑚∠𝐿𝑂𝑇 = 7𝑥 − 7, and 𝑚∠𝐼𝑃𝐿 = 2𝑥 + 5.
Reflection:
Directions: On a sheet of paper copy the activities below, then answer.
A. Write three postulates or theorems that may help you in solving missing parts of congruent triangles.
Postulat
e/
Theorem
B. Write down the steps in solving the corresponding parts of congruent triangles.
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References:
Alferez, M., & Lambino, A. MSA Geometry. Franco St., Vista Verde Executive Village, Cainta Rizal: MSA
Publishing House, 2018.
Crisostomo, R., de Sagun, P., & Padua, A. Our World of Math.1253 G. Araneta., Quezon City: Vibal
Publishing House, 2013.
Manalo, C. et. al. Next Century Mathematics. 927 Quezon Ave., Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc., 2013.
Orance, O., & Mendoza M. E- Math 8. 84-86 P. Florentino St. Sta. Mesa Heights, Quezon City: Rex Printing
Company Inc., 2015.
Answer Key:
Prepared by:
Michelle C. Geniorga
Name of writer
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