Chapter 10, 11 and 12

Outdoor recreation are organized activities done during one’s free-time for
individual reasons, needs, or interests, where a certain interaction between man
an element of nature takes place. These activities are done either in the natural or
semi-natural environment. The Philippines is rich in natural resources with all
kinds of land formations and natural water resources. These natural resources are
host to varied outdoor activities that maybe done on eater, land or air.
Snorkelling, scuba diving, kayaking, and canoeing are just few among others that
can be done on water. Trekking, hiking, camping and orienteering, on the other
hand, are some of the outdoor activities that can be done on land or in the
mountains.

Snorkelling is peeking through the rich life, underwater with the special aid
of a mask that helps in having a clearer view underwater, the snorkel that makes
it possible to breathe while the face is submerged in the water, and fins that helps
swim at greater distance. Fir and comfort are the prime consideration when
choosing the mask, snorkel and fin. To be able to snorkel, one must learn to
breathe through the mouth, float face down and flutter kick using the fins.

If one wants to go deeper in the seas and ocean to explore, the best way
will through scuba diving. Scuba is an acronym for Self-Contained Underwater
Breathing Apparatus. This means that a breathing apparatus and a tank with
compressed air is used to aid in breathing normally underwater. Scuba diving is
done for recreational, technical and commercial purposes. To be able to go scuba
diving, one must learn the different skills and procedures employed from pre-
diving, descending, swimming deep under and surfacing back that one must learn
before.

Another outdoor activity done on water are canoeing and kayaking which
uses floating crafts that involve paddling. Kayaks have decks and use double-
bladed paddles while canoes are open and use single-bladed paddles. Kayaking
and canoeing can be done in rivers, lakes and the open sea. Canoe and kayaks
have different designs and usually vary in the length of the boat, the beam, the
bottom, and the boat profile. Each design has its own characteristics that will suit
a particular activity. Basic things to learn in kayaking and canoeing are the correct
way of entering and exiting the boat, proper posture, appropriate way of holding
the paddle and the paddling skill.
 The tropical forest, hills and mountains are best places to go for an outdoor
recreational activity on land. One can go hiking and trekking which involve long
walks in the wilderness or mountains. Hiking is done on well-made trails and
comparatively shorter distances while trekking involves walking in more rigorous
and varied terrain and usually longer distances. Backpacks and shoes are the most
basic need these activities. Physical preparation maybe needed when one goes
for a long trek as this involves a more intensive physical demand on the body. In
hiking and trekking, establishing the pace and rhythm are important skills that
one needs to learn.

Another way of enjoying nature is camping. There are two types of

camping, front country and back country. Front country camping involves
camping in a planned campground close to a vehicle, certain amenities and
emergency aid. Back country camping on one hand, can be defined as locations
that cannot be explored with a motorized vehicle and would need physical
exertion for travelling. The essential equipment for camping are clothes, sleeping
bag and mat, tent, pots and eating utensils. Each type of equipment has different
styles to choose from depending on the nature of activity, weather, and climate
conditions. Basic camping skills include learning to wash dishes in a camp, building
campfires and keeping sanitation such as digging catholes.

Orienteering is another activity that can be done outdoors. This is an

activity where participant’s goals is finding specific locations in a pre-set course
using the compass and the map. Reading map and using a compass are therefore
two important skills which one needs to learn to be able to navigate. Specific
orienteering skills which needs to be learned are precision and rough map
reading, precision and rough compass reading and distance estimation by
measure and pace.

Outdoor recreational activities contribute to the general wellness of an

individual especially if done regularly. The physical movements expend energy,
promoting cardiovascular and muscular fitness and in improving the functioning
of the immune system. Outdoor recreation also help in the psycho-emotional,
social, economic development and spiritual well-being of people consequently to
a better quality of life.

Nurture is the main setting of all these outdoor recreational activities. It is

important that the interaction of man with nature should come with care and
respect. The Leave No Trace Seven Principles guides every participant of outdoor
activities in how one becomes part in the preservation and conservation of
natural resources.
 Chapter 7, 8 and 9
Outdoor recreational activities bring fun, excitement, challenge,
and many other benefits to participants. However, being in the
outdoors may also pose some risks that may lead to misfortunes. It is
therefore important that part of nay outdoor recreation activity is
proper management of the activities. This includes detailed planning,
both in the risk management, and knowing how one should respond to
emergencies.

First aid administration is an important skill to learn as it becomes

a crucial step in saving a life. Injuries and illness may happen during an
activity outdoors. Nature also poses some aquatic and environmental
hazards where one must be aware of. During emergency situations, the
most important initial response is to be always calm. After which,
DRSABC flow of action must be remembered. The DRSABC means
making sure that DANGER is out of the area and keeping everyone safe,
checking the RESPONSIVENESS of victim, SEND or SHOUT for help,
checking the AIRWAY of victim if something is blocking checking
whether the victim is BREATHING and has pulse, and performing CPR if
both pulse and breathing are not present.

As mentioned earlier, outdoor recreation entails risks. This is the

reason a risk management plan is very crucial to any activity. The risk
management plan entails identification and assessment of risk and
coming out with strategies on how to reduce the risk. Ways of reducing
the risk include a detailed pre-planning of the trip or activity,
understanding policies and procedures, staff training, equipment
inspection and maintenance, and knowing who the participants are
prior to the activity.
 Chapter 1, 2 and 3
Dances some from in different forms. They are considered an art
form and may be showcased in competitions. Folk dance, ballet, and
modern dance are those we see performed for theatrical and
entertainment purposes, while cheer dance, dance sport, and street
dance are mostly seen in competitions.

Folk dance is defined as a traditional mode of expression that

employs bodily movements of redundant patterns linked to definitive
features of rhythmic beats or music. Folk dances are the indigenous
dances if the common people. The Philippines has a varied folk dances.
There are hundreds of traditional dances found in the country that can
be performed for all occasions. Ballets is a special and generically
unique form, which resulted from the synthesis, collaboration, and
equilibrium of several different types of art. It is based on five dance
positions and the training techniques consist of barre, center, and
corner exercises. The distinctive feature of ballet is its constant turned
out feet position. Modern dance is the revolution against the
confinement and strict dance techniques of ballet. The emphasis is on
how freely express feelings through movements without adhering to
any rules in dace. The movements are uninhibited and improvisation is
encouraged.

The rise of the 21st century competitive arts heralded the

emergence of new dances styles that are competitive in nature. These
are cheer dance, dance sport and street dance. Cheer dance is one of
the categories in international Cheerleading Competition that focuses
on dance technique, basic elements of cheer, and simple jumps and
tumbling skills. Several cheer dance competitions have emerged
worldwide. Dance sport is a new field in dance and sport. It started as a
competitive ballroom dancing, which eventually broadened in scope.
Street dance alternatively can be a form of entertainment and
competition. This is the newest dance genre that particularly captured
the interest of the new generation due to its upbeat music and fierce
movements.

The popularity of dance has greatly increased in the past decade.

More and more adolescents are investing a lot of time and effort to
hone their technique and master the dance form. Consequently the
number of dance – related injuries has increased and there is a need for
dance enthusiasts to learn the common types of injuries that affects
them and how these can be prevented. Simple strategies had been
described to decrease the risk of injury, such as proper technique and
adequate recovery. It is also important that dancers understand proper
first aid procedures because it is not possible to totally prevent
someone from getting injured.
Chapter 4, 5 and 6
Dance is integral part of human existence. Dancing gives
many benefits effects not just physically but mentally,
emotionally, socially, and culturally. Dance consists of several
elements such as space, time, energises, and bodily shapes. It
has a beginning, middle, and end, and is composed of several
phrases. It also has motif or a theme. Dance can be considered
good if it has unity, continuity, variety, clear transitions,
repetition, and climax. There are several choreographic forms
in dance. They are sequential, contrapuntal, episodic, and other
compositional forms. Sequential forms include AB, ABA,
RONDO, Theme and Variation forms while contrapuntal forms
include Ground Bass, Canon, Fugue, and Suite. Narrative form is
an episodic form of dance. Other compositional forms in dance
include natural structures, collage, tableau, and dance by
chance. Evaluating dance depends highly on the role as
choreographer, dancer, and audience. There are three stages in
assessing dance, namely, description, interpretation, and
evaluation. In order to give dance a good critique, certain
guidelines should be followed.