PHYSICS 505: CLASSICAL ELECTRODYNAMICS HOMEWORK 8 7

We can directly compute the contribution of the top face to the scalar potential. Here, we have that
Z 0
1 n · M(x0 ) 0
ϕ1 (z) = da ,
4π |x − x0 |
Z a
1 ρ dρ
= M0 2π ³ ´1/2 ,
4π 0 2
ρ2 + (z − L/2)
Z 2 2
M0 a +(z−L/2) du
= √ ,
4 (z−L/2)2 u
µq ¶
M0 2
= a2 + (z − L/2) − |z − L/2| .
2
From the obvious symmetry of the problem we see that
µq ¶
M0 2 2
ϕ2 = a + (z + L/2) − |z + L/2| .
2
Let us now determine the magnetic field. We know that Hz = −∂z ϕM = −∂z (ϕ1 + ϕ2 ). Notice that
inside the cylinder ϕ1 + ϕ2 contains an additional M0 z relative to when |z| > L/22. Computing this
trivial derivative, we see that
 
½
M0  z + L/2 z − L/2  0 |z| > L/2
Hz = − ³ ´1/2 + ³ ´1/2  −
2 2 2 M 0 |z| ≤ L/2
a2 + (z + L/2) a2 + (z − L/2)

Now, notice that Bz = µ (Hz + M0 ) inside the cylinder and Bz = µHz outside the cylinder. Therefore,
the additional ambiguity is cancelled and we see that, both inside and outside the cylinder,
 
µM0  z + L/2 z − L/2 
∴ Bz = − ³ ´1/2 + ³ ´1/2  .
2 2 2
a2 + (z + L/2) a2 + (z − L/2)
‘ ’
óπ²ρ ²́δ²ι δ²ιξαι

Problem 5.20
Starting from Jackson’s problem (5.12) and the fact the magnetization M inside a volume Ω bounded
by a surface ∂Ω is equivalent to a volume current density JM = (∇ × M) and a surface current density
(M × n), we are to show that in the absence of macroscopic conduction currents, the total magnetic
force on the body can be written
Z Z
F=− (∇ · M) Be d3 x + (M · n) Be da,
Ω ∂Ω
where Be is the applied magnetic induction (not including the body in question) .

We will make use of a large number of trivial identities listed in the inside cover of Jackson’s text and
elsewhere. Our derivation begins with the expression
Z
F=− JM × Be d3 x,
Ω
and using the form of J given in the problem, we can write
Z Z
F= (∇ × M) × Be d3 x + (M × n) × Be da.
Ω ∂Ω
In the first integrand, we have the expression (∇ × M) × Be = −Be × (∇ × M). Now, we know that
−Be × (∇ × M) = (M · ∇)Be + (Be · ∇)M + M × (∇ × Be ) − ∇(M · Be ).
Notice that the curl of Be vanishes. Along similar lines, we see that
(M × n) × Be = −Be × (M × n) = −(B · n)M + (M · Be )n.

2In the other two cases, above and below the cylinder, ϕ + ϕ does not depend linearly on z and the constant factor
1 2
will vanish upon differentiation.
8 JACOB LEWIS BOURJAILY

Using these in our expression above, we see that

Z Z
3
F= (∇ × M) × Be d x + (M × n) × Be da,
ZΩ ∂Ω
Z
= (M · ∇)Be + (Be · ∇)M d3 x − ∇(M · Be ) d3 x + (M · Be )n − (Be · n)M da,
Ω ∂Ω
Z Z
= (M · ∇)Be + (Be · ∇)M d3 x − (Be · n)M da,
Ω ∂Ω
where in the last line we used the generalized Stoke’s theorem. Applying the identity,
Z Z Z
(C · ∇)D = − (∇ · C)D + (C · n)D,
Ω Ω ∂Ω
to the last term in our expression for F, we have that
Z Z
F = (M · ∇)Be + (Be · ∇)M d3 x − (Be · ∇)M + (∇ · Be )M d3 x,
ZΩ Ω

= (M · ∇)Be d3 x.
Ω
Inserting the ‘useful identity’ quoted above, we see that this immediately implies that
Z Z
∴F=− (∇ · M) Be d3 x + (M · n) Be da.
Ω ∂Ω
‘ ’
óπ²ρ ²́δ²ι δ²ιξαι