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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of Study

Tourism Resources – Natural and Historical, etc.

What are the related researches published or unpublished? - findings

As it contributes to the tourism industry and the tourism development

environment, tourism and its overall contribution play an important role in
encouraging conservation. Environmental sustainability encourages conservation
in general.
The main strategy for protecting the natural environment in a city is to use
natural resources sustainably. Nature protection is an important issue that leads to
the life quality of all people within a community and environmental resources have
direct economic benefits. The use of beauty tourism is an important component of
this overall strategy. “A poorly-planned infrastructure stops future generations
from benefiting from the resources, and damage to these resources has economic
costs for the society. This also leads to failure in meeting tourist demands and a
loss of opportunity for the future of tourism in the area”. Indeed, Faruk
Alaeddinoglu & Ali Selcuk Can found that tourists prefer a developed
infrastructure while experiencing the tourist attractions.

Sustainable development or attractive tourist destinations, in addition to

tourism destinations where even the sun, beach, and water are the only tourist
attractions, lead to people's need to participate in trips with a variety of goals, such
as enjoyment, exploration, relaxation, and escaping to nature, as well as moving
away from the routine of everyday life. In reality, these activities are committed to
the success sustainability of tourism.
As it contributes to the tourism industry and tourism resources, tourism and its
increasing accessibility play an important role in encouraging sustainability.

The municipality of Roxas is classified as a first-class municipality in the province

of Palawan, Philippines with thirty-one barangays under its jurisdiction. It is the 4 th

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largest municipality of the province. The said municipality occupies a land area of
117,347 hectares, which represents 8.19% of the total land area of the province.
According to the 2015 PSA, total populations of 65,358 were surveyed in Roxas,
Palawan. Attractive tourist attraction such as beaches, islands, natural sites, and
coastal area can be found in the municipality, which can help in the development
of its tourism industry.
Factors that emerged as challenges to sustainable tourism development are related
to the priorities of national economic policy, structure of public administration,
emergence of environmental issues, over commercialization, and the structure of
international tourism system.
Although the principles of sustainable tourism development are beneficial,
their implementation is an enormously difficult task to achieve and owing to the
prevailing socio-economic and political conditions in the developing world. Any
operation of principles of sustainable tourism development requires hard political
and economic choices, and decisions based upon complex socio-economic and
environmental trade-offs. Moreover, it states that implementation of these hard
decisions may not be possible unless international organizations encourage and
collaborate with governments of developing countries to implement the principles
of sustainable tourism development [ CITATION Cev01 \l 1033 ].

The tourism in Roxas is considered underrated because of some reasons such as

lack of facilities, lack of awareness of tourism, and economic concerns in the
municipality of Roxas. Roxas is one of the municipalities in Palawan where the
agriculture, fishing and tourism resources are important features of the economy. It
also helps the tourist and visitors to learn the traditional culture in the municipality.

The Municipality of Roxas Palawan have beautiful beaches, islands and

sandbars, coastal areas and natural sites and agro-pastoral, but the problem is these
tourism resources are not being known, discover, and develop yet, because of lack
of attention, awareness, facilities, and infrastructure, as observe by the researches.
That is why the newcomers (tourist) are directly going to El Nido, San Vicente and
other municipality because they did not know that the municipality of Roxas has its
own tourism resources. This is reason why they are not going or visiting directly in
the municipality of Roxas. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential
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tourism resources in the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan. This study will help to
promote, encourage the locals and tourists to visit each tourism resources for the
sustainable development in Roxas Palawan.

The researchers will conduct a study regarding the potential tourism resources for
sustainable development in Roxas, Palawan.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The aim of this study is to assess the Potential Tourism Resources in
regards to sustainable development in the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan.
Specifically, it will seek answers to the following questions:
1. What are the potential tourism resources in the plain and coastal
areas in Roxas Palawan?
a.Beaches
b. Islands and Sandbars
c.Coastal areas
d. Natural sites
e.Agro-Pastoral
2. What are the features of these potential tourism resources in Roxas
Palawan?
3. What are the suggested programs to sustain tourism resources in
Roxas, Palawan?

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study is significant to the teacher and students especially who are
handling and studying of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management, the
result of this study may serve as basis in strengthening the promotion of tourism
resources and also it will give them information about the tourist attraction in the
municipality of Roxas Palawan.
The owners of the identified tourism attractions will also benefited in this
study as it may serve as an opportunity to preserve and promote their tourist spot.
This study will also significant to the LGU as it may serve as guidelines in
forming and developing the new tourist attractions in the municipality of Roxas
Palawan.
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The local community will be greatly benefited tourist attractions and

infrastructure as the result of this study may serve as their guide in promoting the
tourist attractions in Roxas Palawan. The tourism boosts the revenue of the
economy, creates thousands of jobs, and develops the infrastructures of a country.
The Barangay of Roxas Palawan may use the result of this study in
encouraging the locals, tourists, and promoters to conserve and preserve the entire
infrastructure, natural and man-made tourist attractions.
The University may use the result of this study to encourage the faculty and
students to actively promote and improve the tourism to foster development to the
sustainability of the tourist destination of the local economy.
The Researcher will be benefited in this study it helps them to gain knowledge
and information regarding to the tourism resources in the municipality of Roxas
Palawan.
The result of this study will greatly help future researchers as it may serve as
guidelines and basis for the future study. It will give them knowledge and ideas for
their research paper related to this study.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study will be delimited in terms of problem, locale, sample and duration.
Problem: This study focuses on the assessment of potential tourism resources in
the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan. The main purpose of this study is
to identify the potential tourist spots and destinations in relation to
sustainable development.
Locale: The study will be conducted in the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan
Population: The questionnaires will be distributed to 150 respondents in the
Municipality; an interview and focus group discussion will be
conducted with barangay officials, tourism officers and owners of
identified private tourism resources.
Instrument: The study will use documentation, survey questionnaires, and
interview guide in gathering data for the Tourism Resources.
Duration: The study was conducted on March 2021 and will be completed
in June 2021.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literatures and studies analyzed by the
researchers to support the results of this study. This will serve as basis in
formulating the framework of this study.

Focus of the Chapter 2: Definition, Advantages and Disadvantages, Problems,

Solutions – at the end of each theme – relate them to your study.

Natural
Historical
Agro-Pastoral
Tourism Industry in Roxas, Palawan

Sustainability of Tourism Resources

Promotion of New Tourist Spots

1. Potential Tourism Resources

The potential of tourism development is the implementation future of tourism
development environments, which will help tourism managers make fair tourism
development decisions, since it is the capacity of tourism capital to improve tourism
industry and gain economic, social, and environmental benefits. Attractions are
expected to attract customers in so that they can visit a specific location and enjoy the
different attractions while on holiday. Overall, tourism resources attract visitors from
all over the world to visit, resulting in substantial changes in the tourism industry.
With the support of tourists, our tourism opportunities will expand while
simultaneously maintaining and sustaining each tourism resource.
1.1 Beaches

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A beach is a narrow, gently sloping strip of land that runs along the shore of a
body of water, such as an ocean, lake, or river. Beaches are covered with materials
including sand, pebbles, shells, and seashell fragments. Weathering and erosion have
produced most beach materials. Any rocks can fall loose as a result of waves crashing
against a rocky cliff [ CITATION Nat1 \l 1033 ]. Beaches are categorized as beach berms,
sandy, rocky, and other types of beaches based on their relevant characteristics.
Beach Berms
Beaches can be warm and pleasant, with palm and mangrove trees for
protection. The beach berm is the structure above the sea that includes the oceanic
zone. Trees, shrubs, and grasses may be used to build a beach berm. The most well-
known feature is the sand or rock form.
Sandy
The majority of beach sand comes from a variety of places. Some of the sand
may be eroded parts of a nearby rocky reef. Others may be rock eroded from
surrounding cliffs. To extract these mineral resources, mining firms have developed
mines on the beach and offshore. Certain diamonds, such as sapphires, emeralds, and
garnets, can be found as tiny grains of sand on many beaches around the world.
Rocky
Any beach berms aren't even sanded. They're coated in shingles or cobbles,
which are flat marbles or rounded rocks. A storm beach is a shingle beach that is often
damaged by winds. Storm beaches are destroyed by strong waves and winds, resulting
in narrow, steep landforms. Storm beaches usually have small shingles by the ocean
and big shingles higher up.
Other types of beaches
The mainland is protected from the effects of ocean waves by barrier beaches.
Beaches close to rivers are sometimes muddy or soft. The river's soil and sand are
transported to the mouth of the river, often forming a fertile beach. The Atlantic and
Gulf coasts of the United States have several barrier beaches and barrier islands.
Between the Open Ocean and protected seaports, lagoons, and sounds, these small
beaches act as a barrier.

1.2 Islands and Sandbars

An area of land covered by water is known as an island. Continents are often
surrounded by water, but they are not called islands due to their size. There are many
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islands in the ocean, as well as lakes and rivers, all over the world. They differ
considerably in terms of size, climate, and the types of species that live there. Many of
the islands are small, covering less than half a hectare in size (one acre). Islets are the
common name for these small islands. Aits and eyots are terms used to describe river
islands. Many islands are rock formations with few plants or wildlife. Others are
among the world's most densely populated areas. In accordance with [ CITATION Res \l
1033 ] there are six major kinds of islands: continental, tidal, barrier, oceanic, coral,
and artificial.

Continental islands

Though several major continental islands are separated from the main
continental shelf, they remain connected to the continent. Weathering and erosion of a
land connection that once linked an island to the mainland may result in the formation
of continental islands. Microcontinents, or continental crustal fragments, are what
they're called.

Tidal islands

They are kind of continental islands where the land connecting the island to
the mainland has not dissolved entirely but is submerged at high tide. A tidal island is
the well-known French island of Mont Saint-Michel.

Barrier islands

Barrier islands are made up of billions of tiny coral exoskeletons. When ocean
currents pile up sand on sandbars parallel to coastlines, they shape. The sea level
increased along coastal sand dunes as glaciers melted, creating low-lying, sandy
islands.

Oceanic islands

Volcanic eruptions on the ocean floor form oceanic islands (4), also known as
volcanic islands. Oceanic islands are referred to as "high islands" because of their
height. Low islands are continental and reef islands that are hundreds of meters taller
than high islands.

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Coral islands

Coral reefs are low islands created by tiny marine creatures called corals in
warm waters. Corals form calcium carbonate skeletons that protect them from the
elements. The shells of sea creatures such as clams and mussels are similar to this
substance, also known as limestone. Some coral reefs can rise from the seafloor in
thick layers until they breach the water's surface, forming coral islands.

Artificial islands

Through draining the water surrounding it, artificial islands will enlarge a portion of
an actual island. More arable land for construction or cultivation is created as a result
of this. Stuff shipped in from abroad will also be used to create artificial islands. The
enormous man-made islands in Dubai are shaped like palm trees and a world map.
Dubai Waterfront, a modern island complex, will be the largest man-made
development in the world.

Sandbar

A sandbar is a raised layer of sand, gravel, or fine sediment above the water's
surface. It could be on or off the coast, and it could be attached to the shoreline. It's
usually short and straight. A shoal or sandbank is another name for a sandbar. The
term "barrier island" refers to a long sandbar. According to [ CITATION Wor \l
1033 ] there are three main characteristics of sandbar landforms: Made of sand,
gravel or silt formed by wave action and currents, and generally forms a straight line.
As [ CITATION Sas18 \l 1033 ] has mentioned, "Sand bars play an important role in
beach stability since they reduce the energy of waves by breaking them, thereby
preventing severe erosion". Through floods, sand bars travel inland, and return
onshore to create a berm while the waves are calm. These landforms were formed by
coastal tides and tidal movement, and they are very beautiful. Sandbars, as a whole,
are a visually attractive characteristic of many beaches, offering a pleasant experience
for visitors.

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1.3 Coastal areas

The area where land meets water, which includes large freshwater lakes, is
commonly described as such. Coastal areas are difficult to describe with rigid spatial
limits because they are diverse in function and form, and they are
distinctive[ CITATION Jou \l 1033 ]. Unlike watersheds, there are no clear natural
boundaries that demarcate maritime areas. On the basis of analysis coastal areas help
in reducing the risk of pollution, the disposal of contaminants, and the providing of
fruit, shelter, natural habitats, and food resources for a large number of species.
Coastal areas also offer important inputs to industry, such as water and space for ships
and ports, recreational opportunities such as fishing and diving, and other raw
resources such as salt and sand. Indeed, coastal areas, both on and off the coast, are
essential parts of a coastal ecosystem. Coastal areas have certain foods for marine life
and they provide a balance of fresh and salt water.

1.4 Natural Site

The designated natural site is a natural feature or a large area of land or water
of sacred importance. Sacred natural sites include mountain ranges, cliffs, forests,
groves, herbs, rivers, pools, lagoons, caves, beaches, and springs. Cultural heritage
encompasses the natural elements, geographical and physiographic formations, and
delineated areas that make up the threatened ecosystem. Natural site is important in
terms of research, especially in conservation, preservation of natural beauty.

1.5 Agro-pastoral

2. SUSTAINABILITY IN TOURIM RESOURCES

To ensure broad involvement and consensus building, sustainable tourism

growth necessitates the informed participation of all key stakeholders, as well as
effective political leadership. Sustainable tourism is a never-ending process that
requires continual assessment of impacts and, where possible, the implementation of

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preventive and/or correction steps. Sustainable tourism should also maintain a high
level of tourist satisfaction and ensure a meaningful experience to the tourists, raising
their awareness about sustainability issues and promoting sustainable tourism
practices amongst them [ CITATION Wor04 \l 1033 ]. With the assistance of people,
our tourism resources will be more sustainable, and our environment will be
preserved and protected.
Significantly increases tourism's contributions to natural environments and
local populations, and can be carried out permanently without causing damage to the
resources on which it is based.

2.1 RESPONSIBLE TOURISM

Responsible tourism is close to sustainable tourism; but, due to the overuse

and misunderstanding of the word sustainability, it has been adopted as a term by
industry. Responsible tourism refers to any form of tourism that can be enjoyed in a
more responsible way. It also reduces the negative social, economic, and
environmental consequences. There are some responsible for tourism for sustainable
tourism, according to (Cape Town Declaration, 2002).

 Generates greater economic benefits for local people and enhances the
well-being of host communities
 Improves working conditions and access to the industry
 Involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life chances
 Makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and cultural
heritage embracing diversity
 Provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more meaningful
connections with local people, and a greater understanding of local
cultural, social and environmental issues
 Provides access for physically challenged people
 Is culturally sensitive, encourages respect between tourists and hosts, and
builds local pride and confidence

2.2 Benefits of Sustainable Tourism

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The beneficial experience that a society has about its surroundings grows as a
result of sustainability. It gives locals more chances to start their own businesses in
tourism or tourism-related fields. Ensuring customer satisfaction the economy's
income, provides thousands of opportunities, improves a country's infrastructure, and
fosters cultural interaction between foreigners and locals. And ensure that you do not
have a negative effect when visiting your dream spot, educate yourself and make a
conscious decision to use responsible and sustainable service providers.

If you want to be a sustainable traveler, you should prepare yourself before

going on vacation. If you'd like to keep it sustainable, there are a few areas you can
avoid visiting. Tiny islands cannot accommodate a large number of tourists, and some
communities cannot accommodate a large number of residents.

According to [ CITATION Eva20 \l 1033 ] apart from the satisfaction of

knowing that your decisions are making a good difference, there are a number of
other benefits to sustainable tourism that you should remember.

It has a Lower Ecological Impact

When you eat local food while on holiday, you can reduce your environmental
impact significantly. Consuming seasonal produce and food from local enterprises is a
part of sustainable tourism. Importing food costs a lot of money, whether it's across
the country or across the globe.

It Allows Wildlife to Stay Wild

Animals are used to attract tourists in many places, but they are not often
handled properly. Consider visiting Thailand's Tiger Temple or riding elephants in
Nepal. If the market for this type of entertainment declines, these establishments will
eventually close. If you just want to be close to nature, there are a lot of
environmental volunteer programs to choose from.

Sustainable Tourism Keeps the Environment Clean

Check for warning signs, such as garbage or sewage issues. Check to see if the
hotel you've chosen is willing to help them. Check to see if they source local produce

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for their restaurant. It's possible that staying in a sustainable hotel would allow you to
spend your vacation in a more beautiful location. Your conscious choice of where you
go will contribute to making environments safer.

It Supports Local Communities

When you fund affordable accommodations and businesses, you are actively
enhancing the economies of local cities. The financial benefits, especially in
destinations with mass tourism—where major operators bring in tourists—tend to
leave with them. If you select a vendor that collaborates with residents, you are
helping to improve the economy where it is most needed and can have the most
positive impact.

It Allows Travellers to be More Conscious of Their Choices

It's important to train yourself before going on holiday if you want to be a
sustainable traveler. There are several places you can avoid visiting if you wish to
keep them sustainable. Any small islands can't handle a large number of visitors, and
certain societies can't handle a significant number of inhabitants.

2.3 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism

Tourism is a major source of revenue and work in many parts of the world.
Unfortunately, tourism can be a cause of issues if it is not well handled. Over time, a
large number of people will reduce a tourist destination's attractiveness, uniqueness,
character, environment, resources, and community stability. According to [ CITATION
Pau20 \l 1033 ] he stated that every year, about a billion tourists take trips: That makes
30 tourists arriving every second. There were around 76.9 million tourists visiting the
US in 2017,

It is very tempting to underestimate the importance of the tourism industry.

Many destinations can face significant difficulties as a result of the large number of
tourists. It is not a simple or straightforward process to transport, provide
accommodation, feed, entertain, security, and clean up after so many additional
people. According to relevant studies, there are some advantages, disadvantages and
also negative environmental impacts of tourism.

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The Advantages of Tourism

Economic it generates revenue. This is most likely the primary benefit of
tourism and the reason for its widespread promotion, especially in developed
countries. The revenue generated will account for a sizable portion of residential,
state, and national taxes.
Opportunistic- It generates jobs. Staffing is required in hotels, pubs,
transportation, sports, stores, and restaurants. Tourism has the potential to provide
much-needed jobs.
Infrastructural- It offers an opportunity to rise in infrastructure, such as
bridges, transport networks, and local medical and educational services, as well as an
opportunity to do so.
Environmental In both urban and rural environments, it may offer financial
benefits for a place to protect, restore, and regenerate the environment.
Cross-Cultural It facilitates foreign connections, which can lead to more
long-term business and cultural exchanges. It also encourages cross-cultural
awareness for residents and visitors, as well as building cultural bridges.
Promotional It "puts a spot on the map": Tourism allows a community to brag
about itself and lift its international profile.

The Disadvantages of Tourism

Environmental Tourism has the potential to damage the environment by

causing deforestation, pollution, the destruction of natural ecosystems, and forest
fires. Even if visitors act carefully, their overwhelming numbers will cause problems.
Ancient structures, statues, and temples often fail to keep up with increased traffic and
suffer wear and tear as a result. Reefs and other natural tourism destinations are prone
to long-term damage.

Cultural The development of culture has the potential to degrade a tourism

destination's spirit. Local customs that have a rich cultural heritage have been reduced
to visitors wearing costumes and performing plays in exchange for currency.

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Culture Clashes Tourists also show disrespect towards local traditions and
culture by refusing to comply with local dress codes, getting intoxicated in public, and
behaving rudely or inappropriately against residents.

Service Economy While tourism generates employment, the majority are low-
wage jobs such as bartending, hotel service, and restaurant serving, and so on. These
low-wages, low-skill jobs have little opportunities for growth.

Seasonal Fluctuations Seasonal and precarious tourism jobs are popular, with
no additional incentives such as retirement, sick leave, or healthcare. During peak
seasons, certain locations may be overrun by travelers, only to be virtually abandoned
for months.
Foreign Poaching When money is directed to tourist areas, it may be better
used elsewhere in the world. Locals who do not settle in tourist hotspots lose out and
see a reduction in their standard of living.
Tourism Dependence Tourism may become so dominant that other sources of
revenue are overlooked, and an economic dependency on tourism develops. This is
great in prosperous times, but it can lead to long-term economic ruin and add to
political upheaval or natural disasters.

Negative Environmental Impacts of Tourism

Though tourist funds can be put to good use in environmental preservation,
tourism puts a strain on natural resources and often encourages overconsumption and
unequal resource sharing in areas where resources are already scarce. As tourism
becomes unsustainable, it threatens the environment's long-term health.

Pollution When large groups of people arrive, the transit infrastructure is

inevitably strained, and waste is a result—both locally and internationally. A plane
flight of one mile emits approximately 53 pounds of carbon dioxide, and visitors
account for almost 60% of all air traffic. Cruise ships to the Caribbean are thought to
generate over 70,000 tons of waste per year, according to some estimates.

Environmental Damage Many tourism events have a negative effect on the

environment. Snorkeling, camping, and fishing both have an effect on and reduce the

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natural environment. In the Himalayas, there's a trail known as the "toilet paper trail."
A tropical golf course necessitates 60,000 gallons of water per year, as well as over
3,000 pounds of chemical seeds, fertilizers, and herbicides.

Ecotourism Also the most environmentally conscious passengers may have a

negative effect. Tourists also endanger the places they come to see by traveling to
remote natural areas such as rainforests and other disappearing and at-risk spots.

Invasive Organisms Non-native species will spread by tourism. Increased

human activity in several different geographical areas has a negative impact on native
vegetation and attracts non-native animals to these areas.

Negative Effects of Human Interaction With Wildlife The fragile

equilibrium of food webs, natural ecosystems, and keystone species in an
environment can be seriously harmed by increased human activity.

Depletion of Natural Resources Tourism has the potential to deplete natural

wealth and promote over consumption. This is especially harmful in areas where food
and water are still in short supply.

3. Promotion of tourism

Tourism promotion involves assisting to encourage existing and potential

tourists to visit a destination by building awareness. According to [ CITATION
Moh15 \l 1033 ] as he stated, promotion is one of the most effective marketing mix
elements used in marketing a tourist product. The objectives of promotion are
consistent with the general marketing plan is to identify the target group to which the
promotion is conducted, to find out the effective advertising, sales support and public
relations programs to be planned, and to select the best methods to be used to control
and assess the promotion operation.

One of the most critical aspects is promotion, which includes a variety of

strategies for informing existing and potential tourism resources about the
development of a successful tourism, as well as its preservation and protection. Aside

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from the traditional promotional benefits to a community, such as increased income,

increased awareness of tourism opportunities also increases awareness of tourism in
that particular area. As a result, for long-term sustainability, increase tourism for
everyone.

Natural
Historical
Agro-Pastoral
Tourism Industry in Roxas, Palawan

Sustainability of Tourism Resources

Promotion of New Tourist Spots

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Tourism in Palawan
Province of Palawan is the largest province in the Philippines, with a total
land area of 1,703,705 hectares comprised of 1,708 islands and islets. It is dubbed
as the “Last Ecological Frontier” in this country because of its unique and diverse
flora and fauna (Sandalo and Baltazar 1997). Palawan has managed to preserve its
fascinatingly natural habitat through the years. An ideal breeding ground for
tropical flora and fauna, Palawan consists of about 1,769 islands and has islets
where monkeys, squirrels, bear cats and zebras thrive with wild tropical plants and
corals[ CITATION Phi \l 1033 ].It is also considered as the safest part in the
Philippines, because there is no active volcano.
Palawan is one of the island provinces in the Philippines, where tourism
and agriculture are important features of the economy (Gonzales 2018).Based on
data from the Palawan Tourism Promotions and Development Office (PTPDO), a
total of 870, 478 tourists visited the area in 2013, which is 67.48% (587, 441)
greater than in 2008. The majority of the tourism industries in Palawan are located
in the northern part of the province in which the municipality of El Nido and
Puerto Princesa city are situated.In the case of northern mainland Palawan, the
municipalities of Roxas, Dumaran and Taytay are sub-regional areas. They are
characterized by having a lower capacity for development than the tourist hot
spots, in lacking an urban center, a need to improve transport and infrastructural
facilities and diversify the local economy by utilizing the rich and varied
environmental assets of the rural settlements (Government Office for the East
Midlands 2005).
Local History of Roxas, Palawan
 The 40th Yearbook of the Municipality of Roxas entitled “Ang Pamana”
(1991), one of the known major sources of information in the history of Roxas,
was compiled and printed as an answer to the request of the people who wondered
about the growth of Roxas and supported by records of the Municipal Council
from 1954 to 1991. 15 The said sourcebook has its sources of information from
Mr. Bernardo Edep which was the first teacher at SitioSambuton, Barrio Del Pilar
(now the town center of Roxas), former Mayor Fernando Rodriguez who also
serves as first head teacher of Roxas, Former Board Member Jose Zabala who also
served as a member of “A” Company of former Governor and Palawan Hero, Dr.
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Higinio A. Mendoza and a Barangay Captain of Barangay Caramay. Former

Sanguniang Bayan Member SilvanoArzaga Sr., former Chief of Police and
Security Officer of Roxas National Comprehensive High School, Mr.
DionisioElijan, Former Vice Mayor Apolonio T. Bargoyo, Former Mayor Vicente
R. Rodriguez, Mr. BasilioMacola, a former Municipal Treasurer of Dumaran who
was born in Brgy. Sta. Teresita that became a part of Roxas but later ceded to
Muncipality of Dumaran& Marcos Conde and PascualVenturillio which became
the “living remnants” back then of the 31 Tiniente Del Barrio of then Barrio Del
Pilar before it became the Municipality of Roxas.[ CITATION ALV19 \l 1033 ]

Tourism Industry

The tourism industry is important for the benefits it brings and due to its
role as a commercial activity that creates demand and growth for many more
industries. Tourism also contributes towards complete growth and development of
a country: one, by bringing numerous economic value& benefits; and, second,
helping in build country's brand value, image & identity. Tourism industry goes
beyond attractive destinations, to being an important economic growth contributor.
Tourism not only contributes towards more economic activities but also generates
more employment, revenues and plays a significant role in development (Thakur
2015).
Tourism brings people from everywhere in the world. It is connecting
places with people; places with places; and people with people. The province of
Palawan has attracted peoples of all backgrounds and it is said that today’s
Palawenos are fusion of 81 different cultural groups. This sector brings the
developed, growing, developing and emerging economies, all on single platform,
thus driving them to become competitive globally and improve on their level of
services, at least to be tourism competitive. It can even drive countries to have a
stable and sound political environment and also have a more developed society
[ CITATION Ksh \l 1033 ].

Advantage of Tourism to the economy

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An advantage of tourism and basic characteristics signifies the tourism

importance for economies, for countries & their societies, and also at the global
scale. Due to these factors only tourism creates demand, fulfills that demand,
increases consumption, and brings growth and development to countries and
economies [ CITATION Ksh \l 1033 ]. Tourism activity demand is one such industry or
sector that creates demand first. This is due to it being an individual and
commercial activity. Tourism Industry Spreads and Meets Demand as an industry
fulfills the need and demand created by the tourism as an activity. Now tourism, as
mentioned in its definition, is not an industry as such, rather a group of industries.
This creates the value or supply chain of tourism industry. Tourism brings
Development in order to consistently attract new tourist, to establish a strong
inbound tourism market and to sustain tourism growth a country needs to do lot of
things. Tourism growth for a country is somewhere synonym to overall growth for
and development of that country and to the safety; healthiness, openness of the
country as a society. The other important observation about the travel and tourism
sector which we want to highlight is that the tourists, who are the consumers of this
sector, are global and act accordingly when it comes to perception and
consumption of tourism and related services as a whole. This observation or
characteristic of this industry is what further strengthens its influence over the
above discussed range of industries. Tourism nature induces more consumption,
stated in the first point that tourism creates demand, i.e. adding number of consume
and whether they do or not is entirely different.
The popular promotional slogan, “It’s More Fun in The Philippines” is
given a deeper refreshed sense through the Duterte administration’s push for
sustainable tourism to attract more tourists while protecting the country’s natural
wonders. Sustainable tourism is all about human assets and protecting the
environment [ CITATION Joy09 \l 1033 ] . As the tourism industry becomes
increasingly important to communities around the world, the need to develop
tourism sustainably has also become a primary concern. This collection of
international case studies addresses this crucial issue by asking what local
communities can contribute to sustainable tourism, and what sustainability can
offer local communities [ CITATION Ric00 \l 1033 ].

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Sustainable Development Strategies in Domestic and International

Tourism
According to [ CITATION Seb \l 1033 ] considering the significance of tourism's
economic, social, and political growth, as well as its overall contribution to
regional development, the need for tourism development strategies to be
developed, implemented, and promoted seems evident, not only nationally but also
regionally. The ideals of sustainable development, which seek to improve tourism
while ensuring the criteria for protecting the natural environment, should be
targeted at the particular goals of each area or territory, which should be taken into
consideration when implementing those strategies. This structure combines a
number of functions, including regional development, education, culture, and
cooperation. It should also be noted that developing a sustainable tourism industry
has become a growing need, as only such a market will given role in the most
successful countries, resulting in the overall growth of the country.
They conclude that a sustainable tourism planning plan must include the
protection of natural and human tourism resources in order to continue their use in
the future, as well as improving living standards in areas where tourism
development has occurred, and encouraging conservation of both the local people
and visitors.

Conceptual Framework
How do you understand your study based on your Themes/ discussion in
chapter 2.
Tourism resources describes as a natural and man-made, attractions
and infrastructure, services and a condition that attracts the tourist on an area
that may lead to contribute to the formulation of tourist destination.
For this topic, we would like to search for a new tourist destination or
tourist spots that would be helpful to the economy of the Municipality of
Roxas, Palawan in regards to sustainable development.

RESEARCH PARADIGM

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POTENTIAL TOURISM
RESOURCES IN ROXAS,
PALAWAN
1. Beaches
2. Islands and sandbars
3. Coastal Area FEATURES OF
4. Natural Sites POTENTIAL TOURISM
5. Agro-Pastoral

PROGRAMS FOR
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

Figure 1 Research Paradigm

Explain the relationship of each variable

RESEARCH ASSUMPTION
The researcher assumed that every potential tourist attraction, tourist
infrastructures that are studied may help the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan for
the promotions and also benefits the livelihood of every citizen in the Municipality,
and that the barangays of Roxas promotion of the tourism in Roxas and also to help
to conserve and preserve the natural and manmade tourist spot in Roxas Palawan.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Tourist.This refers to a visitor who travel to a country other than that in which
they have usual residence for at least one night but not more than one year and
whose main purposed of visit is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated
from within the country visited.
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Tourism - a travel for recreational, leisure or business purposes. The World

Tourism Organization defines tourist as people “traveling to and staying in places
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business and other purposes.

Sustainable development- is the idea that human societies must live and meet
their needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs.

Tourism Resources- describes as a natural and man-made attraction,

infrastructure, and service and may contribute to the formulation of tourism
destination.

Tourist Attraction- is a place of interest where tourists visit, typically for its

inherent or an exhibited natural or cultural value, historical significance, natural or
built beauty, offering leisure and amusement.

Tourism Destination- is a city, town, or other area that is significantly

dependent on revenues from tourism, or "a country, state, region, city, or town
which is marketed or markets itself as a place for tourists to visit". It may contain
one or more tourist attractions and possibly some "tourist traps".

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CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHOLOGY

Research Method/Design
This study will use mixed-method evaluation of research. Qualitative
method in gathering data. It involves collecting and analyzing the data in able for
the researchers to assist of the subject of the study. It will be used to assess the
potential tourism resources for the sustainable development in Roxas Palawan.
Furthermore, it will also be used in finding out the relationship of the variables
used in the study.

Locale
The study will cover all the tourism resources that has potential, the target
area for this study will be in the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan with 31 barangays
under its jurisdiction. The list of the area where has a tourism resources will be
recorded to serve as a guide in gathering data.

Research instrument(Define, Content)

The study will use survey questionnaires, interview guide and documentation
for Unstructured Field Observation for gathering data from the target respondents
and area for the potential tourism resources in Roxas Palawan. (FGD – recorder
and camera)

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will gather the data from the target area through survey
method in all the barangays in Roxas, Palawan. In like manner, survey of the
tourism resources will use survey guide to collect data. Actual survey will use
questionnaires, and documentation from the Municipality of Roxas, Palawan with
the permission from the University Director, Research Adviser and Barangay
Captain of each barangay.

Interview – Key informants

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QUESTIONNAIRES
INTERVIEW (GUIDE)
FIELD OBSERVATION (DOCUMENTATION)
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

Statistical Treatment(define and how to)

This study will use descriptive statistics in SPSS software to analyze the result in
questionnaires; and we will be using thematic analysis for the interview and FGD.

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REFERENCES(Indent the second line, and alphabetical)

Ene, B. (2010). Sustainable Development Strategies in Domestic and International

Tourism. Retrieved from http:/www.ejist.ro/files/pdf/355.pdf
Fernando, C. (2020, January 23). Retrieved from
https://www.zenrooms.com/blog/post/palawan-tourist-spot/
Gonzales RP. 2017. Potentials Development of the Sub-Regional Growth Area
(Gonzales RP. 2017. Potentials Development of the Sub – Regional
Growth Area(Roxas- Dumaran-Taytay) in Tourism Industry of Northern
Mainland Palawan 15th International Conference on
Environmental Science and Technology. 1-7
Government Office for the East Midlands (2005) Regional Spatial Strategy for the
East Midlands (RSS8)the Stationary Office, Office of the Deputy
Prime Minister, Great Britain, pp 56–58.
Philippine Department of Tourism It’s more fun in the Philippines: Palawan.
Retrieved fromhttp://experiencephilippines.org/tourism/destinations-
tourism/palawan- department-of- tourism/
Richard and Gonzales 1993 Tourism and Sustainable Community Development
Richards G. 2000. Tourism and Sustainable Community Development Retrieve
fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/310327332_Tourism_and_Sus
ainable_Community_Development
Rocamora JA. 2009. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved from
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1075598
Sandalo RM and Baltazar T (1997) The Palawan Biosphere Reserve (Philippines).
WorkingPapers No. 19, Paris, France: UNESCO (South-South
Cooperation Programme for Environmentally Sound
Socio-Economic Development in the Humid
Tropics).http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0010/001092/109211eo.pdf.
Thakur K. 2015 Retrieved from http://www.market –width.com/blogs/Importance-
Tourism-Industry Economic Value.htm
Tosun C. 2001. Tourism management Retrieved from

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https://wwww.researchgate.net/publication/223869021_Challenges_of_sustainable
_t ourism_development_in_developing_world_The_case_of_Turkey

Appendices

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Appendix A
Communication letter for the approval of the Title

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Communication letters to Barangay Captain

Communication letters to Mayor through Tourism Office

Questionnaire

Interview Guide

Focus Group Discussion Protocol

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Leona Baynosa

Birthday: November 5, 1999

Age: 21

Sex: Female

Address: Silanga, Taytay, Palawan

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Add: leonabaynosa05@gmail.com

Mother: Marina H. Baynosa

Father: Leonilo T. Dela Cruz

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School:F.Ubay Memorial Elementary School

Secondary: Alternative Learning System (ALS)

Tertiary: Palawan State University-Roxas Campus

Course: Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Analyn L. Cunanan

Birthday: July 21, 1999

Age: 21

Sex: Female

Address: Barangay III, Roxas Palawan

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Add: analyncunanan16@gmail.com

Mother: Rocelyn L. Cunanan

Father: Nelson L. Cunanan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Andres Soriano Memorial Elementary School

Secondary: Roxas National Comprehensive High School

Tertiary: Palawan State University-Roxas Campus

Course: Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Ronalyn P. Salazar

Birthday: October 31, 1999

Age: 21

Sex: Female

Address: Barangay I, Roxas, Palawan

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Add: salazarronalyn69@gmail.com

Mother: Ma. Genaline F. Salazar

Father: Ronel M. Salazar

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Andres Soriano Memorial Elementary School

Secondary: Roxas National Comprehensive High School

Tertiary: Palawan State University-Roxas Campus

Course: Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

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CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Danica May G. Atilano

Birthday: May 1, 2000

Age: 20

Sex: Female

Address: Barangay IV, Roxas, Palawan

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Email Add: Atilanodanica7@gmail.com

Mother: Albinida G. Atilano

Father: Dany V. Atilano

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary School: Andres Soriano Memorial Elementary School

Secondary: Roxas National Comprehensive High School

Tertiary: Palawan State University-Roxas Campus

Course: Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management

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