International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics

Volume 117 No. 18 2017, 143-148

ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.ijpam.eu
Special Issue
ijpam.eu

   

SIMULATION OF FREE SPACE OPTICAL COMMUNICATION UNDER DIFFERENT WEATHER

CONDITIONS

Govardhani.Immadi1, M. Venkata Narayana2, A.Sree Madhuri3,V.L. Tejaswani Sabbasani4

1
Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, A.P., India
2
Associate professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram Guntur, A.P., India,
3
Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram-522502, Guntur, A.P., India
4
PG student, Department of ECE, K L University, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, A.P., India
govardhanee_ec@kluniversity.in, mvn@kluniversity.in, asreemadhuri@kluniversity.in, tejareddy479@gmail.com

Abstract: Due to the advantages of optical wireless
systems over the Radio frequency and Microwave
systems mostly free space optical(FSO) communication is
done for the long-range license free components. One of
the basic issues encountering with long range FSO
communication is environmental impacts like fog, snow,
rain, haze which causes the degradation and corruption of
the signal. The nature of FSO system transmission is
described by BER(Bit Error Rate). The degradation and
link performance of free space optical system reduced by
applying the spatial diversity and pre -amplification
techniques. In this paper, we designed an FSO system
with multiple transceivers and analyzed the Q-factor,
BER, Beam Divergence and received power with
different weather conditions of clear air, haze, moderate
and light fog at the wavelength of 850nm and 1550nm
Keywords: Free space optics, Bit Error Rate, Q-factor,
Beam divergence, Received power.
1. Introduction
Free space optical communication is an optical
communication innovation it utilizes light prorogating in
free space to remotely transmission of the data for
broadband communications or networking systems.FSO
offers point to point transmission of data. It has attracted
the telecommunication industry due to its cost
effectiveness, easy installation, higher bandwidth, high
data secure, longer range and higher availability in poor
weather condition also [1]. FSO involves the transmission
of voice, video, and data through the light using air as the
medium of transmission. This Transmission of FSO is
relatively simple. Free-space optics (FSO), likewise
named as free-space photonics (FSP), [8] to acquire
broadband trades the visible or infrared ( IR ) beams are
modulated and transmitted through the climate. [3] Instead
of using laser beams, light-emitting diodes ( LED s) or IR-
emitting diodes (IREDs) type of non-lasing sources are
used. The transmission of laser beams and optical sources
are similar. The optical transmission is done through fiber
optic links, the main contrast is the medium. Glass is less
speedy than Light goes through the air, so it is reasonable
for characterize FSO as optical interchanges at the speed
of light.
FSO is utilized for communication between spacecraft and
it has a Speedy service delivery of high data transfer
capacity access to optical fiber systems. In any case, as the
medium of the transmission is air for FSO and the light
goes through it, so some natural difficulties are
unavoidable. The majority of the atmospheric effects have
happened in the troposphere regions. The impact of these
constraints on the air has some limitations are [2]
(a)Physical obstructions
(b)Geometric losses
(c) Beam divergence: The phenomenon of spreading or
diverging of the beam is named as beam divergence. To
approach the higher data rates and high-security narrow
laser beams are used in FSO systems. Mostly Laser source
is used to generate the extremely narrow beam. At a
distance of 1 km range, the beam divergence of 1mrad to
8mrad spreads the beam up to 1 to 8m. To avoid spreading
of a large beam, it is better to use narrow beam divergence
of less than 2 mrad.
Atmospheric Weather Conditions: For an FSO
technology atmosphere is the main medium to transmit the
data. Different weather conditions affect the performance
of FSO [1]. Those are clear weather, rain, haze, moderate
fog, light fog etc [10].

   

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(a) Clear Weather: For clear air condition, the amount of
attenuation is very less and sometimes it is negligible also.
The clear weather condition has the attenuation range from
0 to 4 dB/km [3].
(b) Haze: Haze drops can remain a long time in the
atmosphere and gives the atmospheric attenuation. [9]
Mainly two ways to take the information of attenuation
for checking the FSO system data by its execution: in
the first place, introduces a system as impermanent at
the site and check its execution and, second, by using
Kim and Kruse model. The haze condition has the
attenuation range from 4 to 9 dB/km.
(c) Fog: Fog is the most unfavorable climatic
phenomenon to FSO on grounds that it is made out of
little water beads with radii about the measure of close
infrared wavelengths. If the visibilities are range from
0-1000 meters those climatic conditions are refer as
fog. Since foggy conditions are to some degree hard to
describe by physical means, describe words, for
example, "moderate fog" or "light fog" is once in a
while used to depict the presence of mist [6].
The light fog condition has the attenuation range from
10 to 40dB/km and for moderate fog condition, it is
from 20 to 70 dB/km
2. FSO System With Spatialdiversity And
Preamplification
The degradation of the FSO system minimizes by using
of spatial diversity technique. Doubling of the
transmitter and receiver combination produces the
improvement of received power at the receiver, this
gives the increase of the Bit Error Rate(BER)and also
get the maximum achievable distance. Utilization of
various TX/RX in the Free Space Optic system under
different atmospheric disturbances gives the better
performance of the FSO system [5]. By applying
Spatial diversity technique at different atmospheric
disturbances increases the efficiency of the FSO
systems. Even though Q factor of FSO system
decreases on increasing attenuation, the 4 TX/4 RX
indicates higher Q-factor with better performance.
For improving the link performance in the system
preamplification is done. [3] From the Harneet Kaur,
Himali sarangal investigation EDFA and TWA
amplifiers have lesser link performance when compared
with an optical amplifier. So We examine the Multiple
TX/RX Free Space Optic framework with an optical
preamplifier under clear, fog and haze conditions
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Special Issue
utilizing Q-factor, Bit Error Rate (BER), Received power
and Beam divergence.
Figure 1: Basic Block diagram Of FSO System With
Multiple Transceivers and Preamplifiers.
3. System Modelling
The Software tool which is used for the simulation of an
optical communication system is the Optisystem from the
optiwave groups. Figure 3. is the Block Diagram of the
FSO system with the 4 Transceivers incorporated with the
4 optical amplifiers [4]. It comprises of an optical
transmitter associated with a fork. The Fork is a part used
to copy the number of the output ports so the signals
turning out from the output fork has a similar incentive
with the output signal motion from the previous
component associated with it. The primary fork delivers
the different beams and this fork is associated with
another arrangement of forks which likewise creates
multiple laser beams. These multiple laser beams coming
out from the fork are combined by the power combiner.
An optical amplifier is connected before the output is
given to FSO channel. The power originating from the
FSO channels is given to the power combiner to combined
the power at the receiver side and afterward sustained to
the optical receiver [7].
The received power at the receiver will be increased by
using the multiple transmitter and receiver sections and
thus the link range of the system also improved by
applying of preamplification phenomenon. Utilization of
optical amplifier at the transmission side gives the
expansion of minimum BER at the most extreme range.
Optical power meter, Optical spectrum analyzer and BER
analyzer are the three visualizers these are utilized as a
part of the simulation. The BER analyzer figures the BER
value and shows the eye graph of the system. For all the
different weather conditions i.e. Clear air, Haze, Light
Fog and Moderate Fog achieve the maximum signal at a
range of 250km,12km,4km and 2.5km [11].
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

   

that for low beam divergence values the FSO system

produces the high receiving power with a high Q-factor
values.

Figure2. Blockdiagram of FSO system with 4x4

Transceivers&Preamplifier
Figure 3.Evoluation of Beam divergence and Receiving
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION power at 850nm wavelength.
At the 850nm and 1550nm wavelength the result of FSO
system taken by using of the following parameters.

Table 1: The parameters of the FSO system

Parameter Value
Transmitter Aperture size 2.5 cm
Receiver Aperture size 45 cm
Power of the transmitter 28 dB m
Amplifier Gain 30 dB
Data Rate 20 Gbps
Transmitter loss 1.8 dB Figure 4.Evoluation of Beam divergence and Receiving
power at 1550nm wavelength.
Receiver loss 1.8 dB
Beam Divergence 2mrad Various eye diagrams and Q-Factor values of Light fog,
Noise Figure 4dB Haze, Clear air and Moderate fog conditions at 850nm
and1550nm Wavelength.

Various beam divergence values are used at different

weather conditions with the narrow laser beam of
wavelengths 850nm and 1550nm.From this we observed

   

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Figure 5.EyeDiagrams of Light Fog, Haze, Clear air and Moderate Fog conditions at 850nm wavelength.

Figure 6.Q-factor values of Light Fog, Haze, Clear air and Moderate Fog conditions at 1550nm Wavelength.

Figure 7. Eye Diagram values of Light Fog, Haze, Clear air and Moderate Fog conditions at 1550nm Wavelength.

Figure 8. Q-Factor values of Light Fog, Haze, Clear air and Moderate Fog conditions at 1550nm Wavelength.
   

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5. Conclusion [8] S.A. Al-Gailani, A.B. Mohammad, R.Q. Shaddad,

“Enhancement of free Space optical link in heavy
Different climatic conditions are the real issues to work rain attenuation using multiple beam concept “,
on the FSO connection those are Haze, Light fog and Science Direct journal , vol.124 (2013).
Moderate fog conditions. So in this paper, An FSO system [9] Govardhani.Immadi, M.Venkata Narayana, Sarat
is designed with 4 transmitter & receivers with a optical K Kotamraju, K.C.H.Kavya, I.Amulya Sree,
preamplifier and exhibited the analysis of Q- factors and K.Chanukya Manoj Kumar, P.P.L.Sarvani, G.Sai
Eye Diagrams of spatial diversity FSO system with 850 Karthik,” Estimation Of Reflectivity And Cloud
and 1550nm of wavelength at a maximum signal strength. Attenuation In Tropical Regions”, International
From the outcome it is clear that as the Beam divergence Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Volume
increases the Recieved power of the system at the receiver 115 No. 7 2017, 471-476, ISSN: 1311-8080
is decreases. So it is concluded that for less divergence (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line
values we get the more receiving power. version).
[10] Govardhani.Immadi, Kotamraju, S.K. Venkata
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