Proceedings of the Second International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP18OZV-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1442-6
Visible light communication system(VLC) Using
Diversity Technique with 4 QAM OFDM FSO Link
Chetna Verma
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
GWECA, Rajasthan Technical University
Rawatbhata Rd, Kota324009, India,
chetnaverma44@gmail.com
Abstract—VLC (Visible Light Communication) is one of the
new trends in future communication. In the VLC system, we used
FSO as a medium. These VLC FSO systems bring explanation
directed toward congestion issues from the RF communication
systems, similar frequency range scalable, price influence also
mobility. However climatic environment alike smog, storm... etc,
Line of sight are some of the demand trouble in realizing this
system. In this paper, we designed a high speed communication
system for VLC using spatial diversity using filter and amplifier.
Here considered link distance is 100 m and by simulation we
analyze achievable bit rate 20Gbps. This proposed system can be
used for higher data rate in communication for VLC.
Transmitting distance can be become better by diminishing the
fading in free space. Spatial diversity is specific adept techniques
to decrease hazy things. In this paper, we evaluate the
performance of optical to electrical power conversion, Clear
constellation diagram of VLC System corresponding distance
from the transmitter to receiver. The ambition hereof paper must
include the Diversity technique inside VLC FSO OFDM, in case
add to FSO link is created. The achievement study is finalized
conclusion of Constellation diagram.
Keywords—Electrical Amplifier; LASER Diode; OFDM; FSO
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation; Visible Light Communication;
CO OFDM; OPTISYSTEM 12V; Fading; Spatial diversity;
Constellation diagram.
I. INTRODUCTION
In wireless communications visible light Communication
(VLC) is one of the key extents. In this VLC work likewise to
fiber optic links, but in VLC the beam is transmitted through
free space. The considerable aspect hereof FSO systems are
huge safety during point to point transmission, authorization
unrestrained band operating frequency range, easy installation,
good flexibility, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference.
While line-of-sight conditions must require in a VLC system
between the transmitter and receiver, the VLC system has the
advantage of removing the requirement for broadcast rights
and buried cables. The Comprehensive study of VLC
research, it was discovered that VLC can be used for various
applications. Applications include Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs), A Sound Communication System, a
vehicle to vehicle data transmission using their headlights,
Position detection, Hospitals, intelligent transport system,
image sensor communications internet access and audio and
978-1-5386-1442-6/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
Chetan Selwal
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
GWECA, Rajasthan Technical University
Rawatbhata Rd, Kota324009, India,
Selwal.chetan@gmail.com
video transmission. From the survey on VLC, it shows a
future application where VLC communication areas and it can
be easily implemented on a different application.
Another considerable defiance other VLC system is fading
of the free space i.e environment expected to heavy cloud,
heavy mist, snowstorm that origin the absorption, scattered as
well as reflection process. Power density level of FSO beam is
diminished expected to absorption. The beam force for high
range [1],[2],[3],[4],[5] is decreased expected to scattering.
Reflection bring about various echo effects by dazzling the
receiver at dissimilar break that create problem in identify the
input values of the received signal precisely. This results in
optical deficit, variation of the signal also disorder in the
amplitude position in this manner the received power is
procuring faded. In advanced wireless communication
technology larger high frequency along a greater data rate
transmission accomplished greater connection distance is
maintain by the FSO. In order to manage the extremely large
data rate communication systems, this VLC FSO system
transformation fulfils need of greater frequency range, because
the visual carrier frequency is close to 300 THz. Larger input
are bring to successful conclusion during FSO over range of 1-
4 km [6],[7],[8].
Advanced OFDM modulation schemes can be used to
reduce fading. Since, OFDM support the decreased fading,
definite ISI as well as under complication. it is broadly choose
in the communicating without material contact systems. A
Multicarrier modulation system popular as CO OFDM for
excessive in length also huge data rate communication scheme
is expected in [9]. Herein design sign or written
communication is extended also in this manner exempt to ISI.
Fundamentally OFDM includes an M-point converse distinct
Fourier transform, subcarrier mapping, alteration from serial
to parallel, and the addition of a cyclic prefix and filter before
each OFDM symbol [10]. Furthermore, the system is higher
resistant to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and intercarrier
interference (ICI) with the cyclic prefix code of the CO
OFDM system. The achievement determination of CO OFDM
is done in [11]. The maximum range that data can be
transmitted dependably is around 0.5-1 km in [11] and [2]
under dense fog conditions. But, these systems perform well
under clear weather conditions rather the dense fog conditions.
Now, in order to the aspect of the link even under the dense
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 Proceedings of the Second International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP18OZV-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1442-6
fog weather conditions I proposed an architecture employing
multiple transmitters and receivers (TX/RX). A simple FSO
link quality is improved by using multiple TX/RX in [12].
Now I am incorporating this multiple TX/RX system in CO
OFDM system to improve the quality of the FSO link by
counteracting the fading phenomenon. The describe channel
accomplishment is evaluated in form of Constellation
diagrams.
In the section, I 4 QAM OFDM VLC FSO System and
planned model block diagram is characterize d. Also, the
expected scheme was carried out utilizing OPTISYTEM also
is made clear in a feature in section II. Calculation
specification ahead along the comparable analytical
interpretation and result is disposed of in section III. Certainly
at the end outcome yield in section IV.
II. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The fundamental construction of the visual 4 QAM OFDM
in a VLC system is as a display in Fig 1. Also, the expected
structure architecture is as well as shown in Fig 1, the singular
inequality being expected architecture carry the diversity
system. In main construction transmitter, free space as a
medium also receiver is present. In this diversity system, here
we can be described 4 stages with the help of block diagram
we can be seen that in first stage binary path in second stage
electrical path and in the third stage we can be seen that
optical path and in four stage we can be seen FSO + Diversity
link. Visible Light Communication System based on 4QAM-
OFDM Figure2 below shows, the transmitter step is branched
into a middling phase bit sequence generator, QAM
modulator, OFDM modulator and optical source. It starts with
bit sequence generator which generates random bit sequence
for transmission; these binary sequences are then modulated
by QAM modulator which is an analog & digital amplitude
modulation scheme, which modulates the amplitude of carrier
signal as according to the bit sequence. After through OFDM
block, this QAM modulated carriers and that is a multicarrier
modulation scheme, in this information input is moving in
addition various low rate subcarriers. Now, these orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing modulated carriers are
amplified and these electrical signals used to drive the optical
source. It actually modulates the optical signal of the optical
source. This optical signal travels through free space block
where different factors were introduced to attenuate the optical
signal[13]. At the receiver side, the exact reversal procedure is
designed. The modulated, as well as the amplified optical
signal, is observed through photodiode; the photodiode is a
device which generates an electrical current in accordance to
the detected optical signal. Then gone through OFDM
demodulator passes these electrical signals; OFDM
demodulator demodulates the electrical signals to QAM
modulated carriers. And after this, the signal demodulates into
bit sequence with the help of QAM demodulator. Since the
essential concern in this system is to increase the transmission
distance and enhance the data rate along with minimum BER.
Thus CW laser with optical power 20mW was chosen and the
OFDM system was modeled in Opti System 13.0. Parameters
such as Wavelength, optical power, sequence length, sample
per bit, number of samples, optical photo detector sensitivity,
978-1-5386-1442-6/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE
a distance of the transmission links, and attenuation across
distance were set. Parameters such as the optical power of the
optical source, number of subcarriers in OFDM block,
modulation frequency, cut off frequency of filter; transmission
distance had been varied to obtain highest bit rate, longest
transmission range, and minimum bit error rate.
Fig.1. Basic 4 QAM OFDM VLC FSO and planned System
block diagram
A. a challenging task in FSO
The essential demand effort in this paper is according what
to manage the climatic environment. It is right accurate to
utilize Gamma-Gamma allocation [4],[3] and that is recycled
to ideal the climatic fading. In this Condition, the possibility
of a given power is signified in conditions of criterion ratio
refraction structure, the optical wave number, and the
parameter extent. Channel time deviation is designed to give
approval to the analytical quasi-static model, further termed
the frozen communication standard. By this model, channel
fading is behaved towards to be fixed over the period of a plan
of communication (Coherence time), wavering to an advanced
separate amount against one by one frame.
B. Spatial diversity
The expected scheme is to acquire diversity. Spatial
diversity system is chosen in this system. Spatial diversity, we
will work on various TX/RX so that the signal durability taken
can increase. This entirely effectively in the case of heavy mist
also mist climate environment in the place the climatic fading
manage the signal intensity. As we boost the number of
TX/RX the results are made better. In this case, I have
simulated the CO OFDM FSO connection utilizing 1, 4 and 8
TX/RX. At the time of the taking the visual transmitted signal,
it is converted indoor electrical utilizing photodiode. Before,
OFDM demodulation is done to achieve the output. Because it
is QAM defined in the transmitter, we should decode it in the
identical technique as shown in Fig 1.
III. SIMULATION SYSTEM MODEL IN OPTISYSTEM
Four stage CO OFDM system is simulated utilizing
OPTISYSTEM 12 version under various atmospheric
environment as well as its performance is evaluated on the
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 Proceedings of the Second International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP18OZV-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1442-6

basis of BER, constellation diagrams. More analysis of the  Spatial diversity is the technique of applying various
OPTISYSTEM also affords in [4]. Tx or Rx at the distinct area in specific technique a
well known motionless a signal that desire does not
A. Transmitter endure enough extending very far fading impact. This
Visible Light Communication System based on 4QAM- is achieved as shown in Fig 3.
OFDM Figure2 below shows, the transmitter step is branched
into a middling phase bit sequence generator, QAM
modulator, OFDM modulator and optical source. It starts with
bit sequence generator which generates random bit sequence
for transmission; these binary sequences are then modulated
by QAM modulator which is an analog & digital amplitude
modulation scheme, which modulates the amplitude of carrier
signal as according to the bit sequence. After through OFDM
block, this QAM modulated carriers and that is a multicarrier
modulation scheme, in this information input is moving in
addition various low rate subcarriers. Now, these Orthogonal
frequency division multiplexing modulated carriers are
amplified and these electrical signals used to drive the Optical
source. It actually modulates the optical signal of the optical
source.

Fig.3. CO-OFDM FSO Spatial Diversity application

utilizing 4 TX/RX

C. Reciever
At the receiver side, the exact reversal procedure is
designed. The modulated, as well as the amplified optical
signal, is observed through photodiode; the photodiode is a
device which generates an electrical current in accordance to
the detected optical signal. Then gone through OFDM
demodulator passes these electrical signals; OFDM
demodulator demodulates the electrical signals to QAM
modulated carriers. And after this, the signal demodulates into
bit sequence with the help of QAM demodulator.
Fig.2. Implementation of Transmitter stage of OFDM FSO
B. FSO channel
 In OPTISYSYEM 13 including a diversity Scheme,
we used FSO channel which is as shown in Fig 3. Here,
various transmitter and receiver design is well-
established as shown in Fig 3 with the help of the Kim
modified Kruse model [3] the attenuation models are
taken in this the particular scattering coefficient from
fog is given

1 3   nm Q
n   
V  550 

 the carrier in nm an d Q is the parameter figure out

within 0-1, according to the environment surrounding Fig.4. Receiver operation in CO OFDM VLC System
also the factor Q measure the difference of the signal
fading expecting to the environment disorder and has IV. SIMULATION PARAMETERS AND RESULTS
the value between 0 and 1, in case of turbulence
Earlier than simulation, the overall specification alike
existence or not. The fading constants corresponding to
sample per bit 2, Sequence length 16384, bit rate 20 Gbps are
the miscellaneous environment surrounding are given
set and accompanying a certain a few of the simulation
in TABLE I.
specification are further arranged alike. At first, the easy CO
OFDM FSO [6] is simulated also, therefore, the expected

978-1-5386-1442-6/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE 633

 Proceedings of the Second International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP18OZV-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1442-6

different 4 transmitters and receiver , various 8 transmitters

and receiver design also simulated inferior various climate
environment.

A. QAM OFDM Simulation System

An adequate structure miniature was realized and
simulated in Optisystem12.0. A free space transmission is
treated as the medium as the simulation. In this transmitter and
receiver must be in the line of sight (LOS) medium. As the
miniature is designed for short-range input communication
operation, the results were collected under the normal
conditions. With the speed of 20 Gbps in the simulation, we
Fig. 1. (a) RF Spectrum of QAM modulator output.
get at the receiver better constellation. The procedure of the
performance of the structure transmitted and received data
constellation diagram, FSO Optical spectrum, Quadrature
Modulator RF Spectrum, Photo detector PIN RF Spectrum,
from the simulation are shown in figure 3.

B. Tables and Figures

1) Figures and Tables: In fig 3 we explain Block diagram
of a free space transmitter /receiver VLC system, in fig 4 we
designed 4QAM OFDM VLC simulation system Model. In fig
we get 5 (a) RF Spectrum of QAM modulator output, (b) RF
Spectrum of the derived OFDM signal at the output of PIN
detector (c) the received OFDM signal at the PIN detector
output of Optical Spectrum for one channel and at last fig 6
we get (a) Transmitted sequence constellation (b)100m
Received sequence constellation.
(b) RF Spectrum of the derived OFDM signal at the output
2) Table 1 simulation parameters of VLC system of PIN detector

Parameter Value
Bitrate 20 Gbps
Time window 1.6384e-006 s
Sample rate 40 GHz
Sequence length 16384 bits
Sample per bit 2
Number of samples 65536
Number of subcarriers 512
Number of FFT points 1024
Photodetector Sensitivity .65 AW 1mA/mW
Output optical power 20mW
(c) the received OFDM signal Optical Spectrum for one
Wavelength 450nm channel
Fig. 5.(a) RF Spectrum of QAM modulator output, (b) RF
Spectrum of the derived OFDM signal at the output of PIN
detector (c) the received OFDM signal at the PIN detector
output of Optical Spectrum for one channel.

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 Proceedings of the Second International conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC 2018)
IEEE Xplore Part Number:CFP18OZV-ART; ISBN:978-1-5386-1442-6
A. Performance evaluation through Constellation diagram
Fig.6 (a) Transmitted sequence constellation (b) 100 m
Received sequence constellation
V. CONCLUSION
A spatial VLC system with filter and amplifier is proposed.
For the input power 20mW, a data rate of 20 Gbps is achieved
for link length of 100 m. The system may be analyzed for
further improving the link distance and data-rate.
Fundamentally, a clear 4 QAM contains approval distance of
100m in the heavy smog atmospheric environment. Also, this
is realized either from the constellation diagram. Cause of
environment fading loss occurs and it can be decreased by the
new approach of adopting spatial diversity and that various
transmitter and receiver exist. The OFDM is achieved utilizing
CD that needs electrical to optical and with the order reversed.
Although, here entire can be an Optical domain in a case
complicated of this scheme is made smaller also become better
high rate.
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