TYPES OF DATA

QUALTITAVE & QUANTITAIVE

Attribute (absence or presence of characteristics) & variable (numerical value)

SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

NOMINAL- No mathematical operations

Characteristics;

*mutually exclusive and exhaustive in nature

* It can only be counted

* only statistic that can describe nominal data is mode

ORDINAL: - data that can be arranged in some order, but the differences between data values
cannot be determined.

Characteristics;

*mutually exclusive and exhaustive in nature

INTERVAL:

The values (not categories) can be ordered and have a meaningful difference, but doubling is not
meaningful.

STANDARD DEVIATIONS

Formulas for the Sample Standard Deviation

s=Σ(x−x–)2n−1−−−−−−√ or s=Σf(x−x–)2n−1−−−−−−−√ or s=(∑i=1nx2)−nx–2n−1−−−−−−−−−⎷

For the sample standard deviation, the denominator is n - 1, that is the sample size minus 1.