The Equation of a reaction

Experiment ( 1)

Name : Abdulla Sadeq AL-Saegh

ID : 20165113
Section : 30
Exp no. 1

Exp title: The Equation of a reaction.

Aim :
a. To determine the molar ratio between sodium hydrogen carbonate and
hydrochloric acid when they react.

b. To write an equation for the reaction.

Introduction :
A chemical change is called a chemical reaction. A chemical reaction is a process
that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another.
Chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of
electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no
change to the elements present, and can often be described by a chemical
equation.

A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the

form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-
hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side. The coefficients next to
the symbols and formulae of entities are the absolute values of the stoichiometric
numbers.

Reaction :
NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Data and Results:
A. Preliminary tests
1. What happened to the lime Water? Why? Write a chemical equation.

The lame water became turbide, because of CO₂.

CO2(g) + Ca(OH)2(aq) → H2O(l) + CaCO3(s)

2. What happened to the lit splint? Why?

fired turned off

B. Calculations:
1. mass of empty evaporating dish = m₁ = 35.299g

2. mass of empty evaporating dish + NaHCO3 = m2 = 35.644 g

3. mass of NaHCO3 = m2- m1 = 0.345g

4. mass of empty evaporating dish + residue (NaCl) = m₃ = 35.531 g

5. mass of residue = m₃- m₁ = 0.232 g

6. Moles of NaHCO3 = mass/MM = step3/ 48g/mol = 0.345g / 84g.mol⁻ = 4.107x10−3

7. Moles of NaCl = mass/MM = step5/ 58.5g/mol = 0.232g / 58.5g. mol⁻ = 3.966x10−3

8. Moles of NaHCO3 : Moles of NaCl = 4.107x10−3 : 3.966x10−3 = 1.0356 : 1

9. The balanced equation :

NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

10. Test for Cl⁻

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) ↓ + NaNO3(aq)

Ionic equation : AgCl(s) → Ag+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Discussion:

In the first part of this experiment, we noticed how Carbon dioxide effects the
Ca(OH)2 , and produce cloudy solution.

In the second part, we weighted NaHCO3 , and we got 0.345g , which is exactly the
number in the sheet. Also we found that the mass of NaCl is 0.232g.

Conclusion:

In this experiment we found the ratio between NaHCO 3 : NaCl is 1.0356:1 in the
equation:

NaHCO3(s) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

Which should be 1:1 but maybe we had some errors in drying the dish from the
water, or maybe we are don't know how we can read right method to the
balance.

The calculation is not exactly true, but it is approximately right.

Also, we saw that NaCl & AgNO3 Reacts and produce white precipitate.

NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) ↓ + NaNO3(aq)