LABINI, DIENIZS BSN-3E

1. What therapies are used as tuberculosis prophylaxis for individuals who have been
exposed to an individual with active disease?
 ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS THERAPY reduces the risks of first episode of TB
occurring in people exposed to infection or with latent infection and recurrent episode
of TB. The greatest reduction in infection is observed in HIV-negative patients and in
TST- and HIV-positive individuals.
 The World Health Organizations recommends isoniazid taken at daily dose of 5 mg/kg
for at least six months and ideally for nine months. Shorter rifampicin-containing
regimens have shown similar efficacy compared with 6-9 months’ isoniazid
monotherapy, but rifampicin-containing regimens are more likely to be discontinued
because of adverse effects. Increased rates of hepatoxicity and death in HIV-uninfected
individuals have been reported for regimens containing rifampicin and pyrazinamide.
However, this risk appears to be limited to HIV-uninfected individuals, as a rigorous
re-analysis of a large trial of rifampicin and pyrazinamide in HIV-infected patients
confirmed an absence of serious toxicity.

Option 1: INH, rifampicin (Rifadin), pyrazinamide (Tebrazid) and Ethambutol

(Myambutol) or streptomycin given daily or 2 to 3 times weekly.

Option 2: INH, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin

given daily for 2 weeks then 2 times weekly for 6 months than 2 times weekly
isoniazid and rifampin for 16 weeks

Option 3: INH, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol or streptomycin 3

times a week for 6 months

Option 4: active TB with HIV; option 1,2 or 3 for minimum of 9 months

and to continue for at least 6 months after first negative sputum culture.
2. How do assessment findings differ among clients with viral versus bacterial origin
of pneumonia?

There are types of pneumonia that differ from each other; it can be caused by
bacteria, fungi and viruses. It is important that we need to identify the organisms that is
causing pneumonia because the treatment plan varies.

From the question above, how does assessment findings differ among clients with
viral versus bacterial origin of pneumonia? After I read some textbooks and websites
regarding this topic, my own understanding about the two types of pneumonia is that
Bacterial Pneumonia involve just one small section of your lung or it may encompass your
entire lung. The severity of the Bacterial Pneumonia can be mild or serious depends on the
strength of the bacteria, your age or overall health status. The leading cause of bacterial
pneumonia is the Streptococcus pneumonia; it can enter your lungs through inhalation or
through your bloodstream. It is more likely to affect someone with low immune system
and bacterial pneumonia is more aggressive and difficult to treat. In bacterial pneumonia,
there will likely be a much more visible presence of fluid in the lungs than the viral
pneumonia. To diagnose bacterial pneumonia, the laboratory result of WBC Count is high
and chest x-rays is obviously infiltrates. The common symptoms are productive cough with
thick yellow mucus, stabbing chest pain, high fever of 102-105˚F above. While, the Viral
Pneumonia is a complication of the viruses that cause colds and the flu, the virus invades
your lungs and causes them to swell and blocking your flow oxygen. Most cases of this
pneumonia clear up their own within a few weeks, however, it is life threatening. Everyone
is contagious to Viral Pneumonia. Several viruses caused to viral pneumonia such as
influenza viruses, chicken pox and respiratory syncytial virus; it can enter through the air
in a number of ways. The viral pneumonia can’t treat with antibiotics and usually get better
on its own unlike the bacterial pneumonia. The doctor will have diagnosed a patient with
Viral Pneumonia when the WBC elevate in normal to low, chest x-rays have minimal
changes evident. It is less severe than the bacterial pneumonia and the symptoms are a lot
like flu symptoms which are the low grade fever, non-productive cough, blueness of the
lips, weakness and chills.
3. What are the antimalarial and broad-spectrum antibiotic for Ebola virus disease?
1. ANTIMALARIAL DRUG
 Amodiaquine
- the administration of antimalarial medication containing amodiaquine
significantly lowered mortality rate of patients infected with Ebola
virus.
2. BROAD-SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTIC
 Enoxacin
- A fluoroquinolone-based antibiotic commonlt used in the treatmen
of urinary tract infections and gonorrhea, inhibits HEPA B, Dengue,
Zika, Ebola. HIV-1, Mtb, Malaria, CMV, Influenza by increasing
the levels of the Antiviral Proteins IFITM3, and interferon-
stimulated gene 15.
 Ciprofloxacin
- A drug used to treat bacterial infections, inhibits HEPA B, Dengue,
Ebola, HIV-1, Mtb, Malaria, CMV, respiratory syncytial by
increasing the levels of the Antiviral Proteins IFITM3, and
interferon-stimulated gene 15.