CHAPTER 6 CORRELATION METHODS & STATISTICS

EXERCISES NUMBER 4

Number of cups Stress level

of coffee XY X2 Y2
(X ) (Y )
3 5 15 9 25
2 3 6 4 9
4 3 12 16 9
6 9 54 36 81
5 4 20 25 16
1 2 2 1 4
7 10 70 49 100
3 5 15 9 25
Σ X = 31 ΣY = 41 Σ XY = 194 ΣX 2 = 149 ΣY 2 = 269

( ΣX ) ( ΣY )
Σ XY −
N
r=
( EX )❑2 2

√( 2
ΣX −
N
2 ( ΣY )❑
)(
ΣY −
N )
( 31 ) (41)
194−
8
r=
(31)❑2 ( 41)❑2
√( 149−
8 )(
269−
8 )
r =0.852

This is a strong positive correlation. Which mean high number cup of coffes go with
high stress level
The variables increase and decrease together.
EXERCISES NUMBER 5

Psychology
IQ score
Student exam score
XY X2 Y2
(X )
(Y )
1 140 48 6720 19600 2304
2 98 35 3430 9604 1225
3 105 36 3780 11025 1296
4 120 43 5160 14400 1849
5 119 30 3570 14161 900
6 114 45 5130 12996 2025
7 102 37 3774 10404 1369
8 112 44 4928 12544 1936
9 111 38 4218 12321 1444
10 116 46 5336 13456 2116
ΣX= ΣY = Σ XY = ΣX 2 =
ΣY 2 = 16464
1137 402 46046 130511

( ΣX ) ( ΣY )
Σ XY −
N
r=
( EX )❑2 ( ΣY )❑2
√( ΣX 2−
N )(
Σ Y 2−
N )

( 1137 ) (402)
46046−
10
r=
(1137 )❑2 ( 402)❑2
√( 130511−
10 )(
16464−
10 )
r =0.553

This is a moderate positive colleration

r 2=0.306

r 2=30.6 %
30.6% of the variance in IQ score can be accounted for by the variance in Psychology
exam score

Regression equation

  X Y X - MX Y - MY (X - MX)2 (X - MX) (Y - MY)

  140 48 26.3 7.8 691.69 205.14
  98 35 -15.7 -5.2 246.49 81.64
  105 36 -8.7 -4.2 75.69 36.54
  120 43 6.3 2.8 39.69 17.64
  119 30 5.3 -10.2 28.09 -54.06
  114 45 0.3 4.8 0.09 1.44
  102 37 -11.7 -3.2 136.89 37.44
  112 44 -1.7 3.8 2.89 -6.46
  111 38 -2.7 -2.2 7.29 5.94
  116 46 2.3 5.8 5.29 13.34
Σ 1137 402        
mean 113.7 40.2        
sum of squares (SS)         1234.1  
sum of products
(SP)           338.6

Y ' =bX + a
SP
b=
SS X

338.6
b=
1234.1

b=0.274

a=M Y −bM X

a=40.2−[0.274 ( 113.7 ) ]

a=9.046
Y ' =0.274 X +9
 Statistics exam
IQ score
Student score
XY X2 Y2
(X )
(Y )
1 140 47 6580 19600 2209
2 98 32 3136 9604 1024
3 105 38 3990 11025 1444
4 120 40 4800 14400 1600
5 119 40 4760 14161 1600
6 114 43 4902 12996 1849
7 102 33 3366 10404 1089
8 112 47 5264 12544 2209
9 111 46 5106 12321 2116
10 116 44 5104 13456 1936
ΣX= ΣY = Σ XY = ΣX 2 =
ΣY 2 = 17076
1137 410 47008 130511

( ΣX ) ( ΣY )
Σ XY −
N
r=
( EX )❑2 ( ΣY )❑2
√( ΣX 2−
N )(
Σ Y 2−
N )

( 1137 ) ( 410)
47008−
10
r=
(1137 )❑2 ( 410)❑2
√( 130511−
10
17076− )( 10 )
r =0.682

This is a moderate positive colleration

r 2=0.465

r 2=46 . 5 %
46.5% of the variance in IQ score can be accounted for by the variance in Statistics
exam score
Regression equation

  X Y X - MX Y - MY (X - MX)2 (X - MX) (Y - MY)

  140 47 26.3 6 691.69 157.8
  98 32 -15.7 -9 246.49 141.3
  105 38 -8.7 -3 75.69 26.1
  120 40 6.3 -1 39.69 -6.3
  119 40 5.3 -1 28.09 -5.3
  114 43 0.3 2 0.09 0.6
  102 33 -11.7 -8 136.89 93.6
  112 47 -1.7 6 2.89 -10.2
  111 46 -2.7 5 7.29 -13.5
  116 44 2.3 3 5.29 6.9
Σ 1137 410        
mean 113.7 41        
sum of squares (SS)         1234.1  
sum of products
(SP)           391

Y ' =bX + a
SP
b=
SS X

391
b=
1234.1

b=0.31683

a=M Y −bM X

a=41−[0.32 ( 113.7 ) ]
a=4.98

Y ' =0.32 X + 4.98

 Psychology Statistics exam
Student exam score score
XY X2 Y2
(X ) (Y )
1 48 47 2256 2304 2209
2 35 32 1120 1225 1024
3 36 38 1368 1296 1444
4 43 40 1720 1849 1600
5 30 40 1200 900 1600
6 45 43 1935 2025 1849
7 37 33 1221 1369 1089
8 44 47 2068 1936 2209
9 38 46 1748 1444 2116
10 46 44 2024 2116 1936
ΣX= ΣY = Σ XY = ΣX 2 =
ΣY 2 = 17076
402 410 16660 16464

( ΣX ) ( ΣY )
Σ XY −
N
r=
( EX )❑2 2

√( ΣX − 2
N
2 ( ΣY )❑
ΣY − )( N )

( 402 )( 410)
16660−
10
r=
( 402)❑2 (410)❑2
√( 16464−
10
17076− )(10 )
r =0.626

This is a moderate positive colleration

r 2=0.392

r 2=39.2 %
39.2% of the variance in Psychology exam score can be accounted for by the variance in
Statistics exam score

  X Y X - MX Y - MY (X - MX)2 (X - MX) (Y - MY)

  48 47 7.8 6 60.84 46.8
  35 32 -5.2 -9 27.04 46.8
  36 38 -4.2 -3 17.64 12.6
  43 40 2.8 -1 7.84 -2.8
  30 40 -10.2 -1 104.04 10.2
  45 43 4.8 2 23.04 9.6
  37 33 -3.2 -8 10.24 25.6
  44 47 3.8 6 14.44 22.8
  38 46 -2.2 5 4.84 -11
  46 44 5.8 3 33.64 17.4
Σ 402 410        
mean 40.2 41        
sum of squares (SS)         303.6  
sum of products
(SP)           178

Y ' =bX + a
SP
b=
SS X

178
b=
303.6

b=0. 5863

a=M Y −bM X

a=41−[0. 5863 ( 40.2 ) ]

a=17.43

Y ' =0.59 X +17.43