1

THE PROCESS OF T. TEST

FEMALE MALE
S.No. X1 X2
1 129 126
2 126 129
3 123 117
4 111 117
5 105 105
6 132 126
7 99 111
8 111 132
9 120 129
10 105 117
11 108 120
12 114 108
13 114 123
14 99 117
15 102 108
TOTAL 1698 1785

The use of ''t'' test

 x1 = 1698  x2 = 1785

N1 = 50 N2 = 50
 2

 x1 1698
x1 = = = 33.96
N 50

x2 =  x2 1785
= = 35.7
N 50

 x1 x1)2
S1 =
N1
(1698 D 33.96)2
S1 = 50 - 1

(1664.04)2 2769029.12
S1 = 49 = 49

S1 = 56510.79

S1 = 237.71

 x2 x2)2
S2 =
N1
 (1785 D 35.7)2
S2 = 50 - 1

 (1749.3)2 3060050.49
S2 = 49 = 49

S2 = 62450.01

S2 = 249.9
 3

SEx1 = S1 237.71 237.71

= = = 33.62
N 50 7.07

SEx1 = 33.62

SEx2 = S2 249.9 249.9

= = = 35.34
N 50 7.07

SEx1 = 35.34

SEx1 - x2 = (SEx1)2 + (SEx2)2

SEx1 - x2 = (33.62)2 + (35.34)2

SEx1 - x2 = 1130.30 + 1248.91

SEx1 - x2 = 2379.21

SEx1 - x2 = 48.77

x1 - x2
T=
SEx1 - x2

33.62 -1.72
T= D 35.34 = = -3.52
48.77 48.77

T = -3.52 is calculated value.

Degree of Freedom df.
df = N1 + N2 - 2
df = 50 + 50 - 2 df = 98
 = 0.05
Tabulated Value of "T" = -3.52
 4

df = 50 + 50 - 2 = 98
 5

 = 0.05
Tabulated value of T =16.45
Table of Analysis
x1 = 1698 x1 = 33.96 Significant
iÐqZÒ df = 98
x2 = 1785 x2 = 35.7 0.05 Insignificant

àz
ÙÅ kZ Df =98 ² (-3.52) 7 {”Ýq Å T ._S &œwßZLL : °â
].
6,
XZƒ"$ U*„gŠÄہÝZmƒ:}ĩÅÄÛ wŠ H1 Z®XìÁÐ 16.45
7

êj¤» 1ÄہCc*Š!*W
Zƒ U*„g ÝZ ~ Ýzg Å ë› Cc*gÑáZz äƒ Ýq ._SÄہU!*{™P
" ŠÄÛ
$
XŠHc*0*7t ‡~YZgWÅyéyŠ Zè Y
Û pÒ.Þ [ZŽÐg±ZS]ZiqÐ

The Analysis of Demographic Hypothesis : 2ÄÛ Cc*Š!*W

óóéƒ7tÛ ãZz~yDgSyéyŠ[ZŽÐg±ZS/Š+gD+LL
H0 = 1  2    (Null Hypothesis) ÄÛ ~ø
The null hypothesis holds that there is no difference among the three mean
scores.

H1 = 1  2   (Alternative Hypothesis)
Ä wŠ
Û
The alternative hypothesis holds that there is a significant difference
among the three mean scores.
 6

 = 0.05 (S/L)
}ĩR
F-Test (Statistic test) õYCc*gÑ
c*', Z', S7àz]. ÙÅkZ6, dfw 98 gzZ df 2 7{”Ýq : &¤wßZ
Å "F" ¤/ Z
Cc*gÑÅ (Alternative Hypothesis) gzZ (Null Hypothesis) ĩJƒZ+ZiÐ kZ
éćYƒŠg XJćYƒ}ĩ6, R
 7

S. No. 1-10 11-20 21-30

(X1)2 (X2)2 (X3)3
X1 X2 X3
1 153 66 36 23409 4356 1296
2 162 60 36 26244 3600 1296
3 150 54 36 22500 2916 1296
4 132 57 39 17424 3249 1521
5 114 60 36 12996 3600 1296
6 153 66 39 23409 4356 1521
7 117 60 33 13689 3600 1089
8 150 57 39 22500 3249 1521
9 153 63 33 23409 3969 1089
10 129 60 33 16641 3600 1089
11 141 54 30 19881 2916 900
12 129 63 30 12641 3969 900
13 132 72 33 17424 5184 1089
14 132 57 30 17424 3249 900
15 120 57 33 14400 3249 1089
Total 2067 906 516 287991 55062 17892

 x1 = 2067 ( x1)2 = 287991

 x2 = 906 ( x2) 2
= 55062
 x3 = 516 ( x3)2 = 17892
N1 = 59 N2 = 27 N3 = 14

PROCEDURE FOR SOLUTION

The Procedure for testing the significant of difference among various means by
the use of "f" test is given below.
 8

 x =  x1 +  x2 +  x3
 x = 2067 + 906 + 516
 x = 3489

 x2 = ( x1)2 + ( x2)2 + ( x3)2

 x2 = 287991 + 55062 + 17892

N x == N360945
2
1 + N2 + N3

N = 59 + 27 + 14
N = 100

 (x)2
Correction = C =
N

C= 360945
100

C = 3609.45
SSt =  (x)2D C
SSt = 360945 D 3609.45

SSt = 357335.55 2  (x )2
 (x )  (x )2
SSb = + DC
+ N2 N3
N1

287991 55062 17892

SSb = + + D 3609.45
59 27 14

SSb = (4881.2033 + 2039.3333 + 1278) D 3609.45

SSb = 4589.0866
 9

SSw = SSt D SSb

SSW = 357335.55 D (4589.0866)

SSw = 352746.46

(1) Df = for SSt = Number of scores - 1 = N - 1 = 100 - 1 = 99

(2) Df. for SSb = number of gruop -1 = K - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

(3) Df. for SSw = df for SSt - df for SSb = 98

Compute the mean square (MS)

SSt 357335.55
MSt = = = 3609.45
df 99
4589.08
MSb = SSb = 2294.54
df = 2

352746.46
MSw = SSw = 3599.45
df = 98
MSb
F = = 2294.54
= 0.63
MSw 3599.45

F = 0.63 calculated value.

 = 0.05
Dfb = 2 and Dfw = 98
So, F = 19.50 (Tabulated Value)

SUMMARY TABLE OF THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SV SSb df MS F P

Between 4589.08 2 2294.54

Within 352746.46 98 3599.45 0.63 0.05

Total 357335.55 99 3609.45

 10

àz].
dfw98 gzZ df2 ² (0.63) 7{”Ýq Å F ._S&¤wßi :°â
ÙÅkZ6,
XZƒ"$ U*„gŠÄÛ ÝZXmƒ: }ĩÅÄہwŠ H1 Z®Xì ÁÐ 19.50
7
FIND THE MEAN OF THREE GROUP

(1) x = x1 = 2™ 067 = 35.03

N1 59
(2) x = x2 = 906 = 33.55
N2 27
(3) x = x3 = 519 = 37.07
N3 14

êj¤2 Cc*Š!*W
ÄÛ
S"Š+gD+b§kZ ŠHHt„gŠÄÛ ÝZ {Š™ì‡ Zgø._Së› Cc*gÑU!*`gŠ
XŠHc*0*7tہãZz~yDgSyéyŠ [ZŽÐg±Z

~yDgSyéyŠ[ZŽÐg±ZS‰Ü : Cc*Š!*W
3ÄÛ
1(LL
óXó éƒ7tہ ãZz
H0 = 1  2    (Null Hypothesis) ÄÛ ~ø
The null hypothesis holds that there is no difference among the
three mean scores.
H 1 = 1  2    (Alternative Hypothesis) ÄہwŠ

The alternative hypothesis holds that there is a significant difference

among the three mean scores.

 = 0.05 (S/L)
}ĩR
 11

F-Test (Statistic test) õYCc*gÑ

kZ c*', Z', S7àz]. ÙÅkZ6, dfw 98 gzZ df 2 7{”Ýq Å "F" ¤/ Z

:&¤wßZ
6, RCc*gÑÅ Alternative Hypothesis gzZ é ćYƒŠg Null Hypothesis ĩJƒZ+ZiÐ
XJćYƒ}ĩ
 12

S. No. P.G M.Phil. Ph.D

(X1)2 (X2)2 (X3)2
X1 X2 X3
1 36 129 129 1296 16641 16641
2 45 90 126 2025 8100 15876
3 36 111 111 1296 12321 12321
4 33 75 117 1089 5625 13689
5 27 84 102 729 7056 10404
6 48 90 129 2304 8100 16641
7 27 72 111 729 5184 12321
8 27 102 114 729 10404 12996
9 36 99 111 1296 9801 12321
10 30 87 105 900 7569 11025
11 30 90 111 900 8100 12321
12 30 78 111 900 6084 12321
13 21 96 120 441 9216 14400
14 36 81 99 1296 6561 9801
15 27 78 105 729 6084 11025
Total 489 1362 1701 16659 126846 194103

 x1 = 489 ( x1)2 = 166659

 x2 = 1362 ( x2) 2
= 126846
 x3 = 1701 ( x3)2 = 194103
N1 = 14 N2 = 38 N3 = 48

PROCEDURE FOR SOLUTION

The Procedure for testing the significant of difference among various means by
the use of "F" test is given below
 13

 x =  x1 +  x2 +  x3
 x = 489 + 1362 + 1701
xx2 = 18862
( x1)2 + ( x2)2 + ( x3)2
 x2 = 16659 + 126846 + 194103

N x == N1 + N2 + N3
2

N = 14 + 38 + 48
N = 100

 (x)2
Correction = C =
N

C= 337608
100

C= 3376.0

SSt =  (x)2D C
SSt = 337608 D 3376.08

SSt =
334231.92

 (x )2  (x )2  (x )2
SSb =
N3
DC
N1 + N2 +

16659 126846 194103

SSb = + + D 3376.08
14 38 48

SSb = (1189.92 + 3338.05 + 4043.81) D

3376.08 SSb
5159.7=

SSw = SSt D SSb

 14

SSW = 334231.92 D 5195.7

(1) Df =SSw = 329036.22

for SSt = Number of scores - 1 = N - 1 = 100 - 1 = 99

(2) Df. for SSb = number of group -1 = K - 1 = 3 - 1 = 2

(3) Df. for SSw = df for SSt - df for SSb = 98

Comupte the mean square (MS)

SSt 334231.92
MSt = = = 3376.08
df 99
5195.7
MSb = SSb = 2597.85
df = 2

329036.22
MSw = SSw = 3357.51
df = 98
MSb
F = = 2597.85
= 0.76
MSw 3376.08

F = 0.76 calculated value.

 = 0.05
Dfb = 2 and Dfw = 98
So, F = 19.50 (Tabulated Value)

SUMMARY TABLE OF THE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE

SV SSb df MS F P

Between 5195.7 2 2297.85

Within 329036.22 98 3357.85 0.76 0.05

Total 334231.92 99 3376.08

 15

àz
ÙÅkZ dfw98 gzZ (0.76) df27 {”Ýq Å F :°â
].
6, ._S&¤wßi
XZƒ"$ U*„ gŠÄÛ ÝZXmƒ: wŠ H1 Z®ì ÁÐ (19.50) 7
}ĩÅāÛ
Fý ind The Mean of Three Group
(1) x = x1 = 489 = 34.92
N1 14
(2) x = x2 = 1362 = 35.84
N2 38
(3) x = x3 = 1701 = 35.43
N3 48
êj¤» 3ÄہCc*Š!*W
Ðg±ZS 1(āVY U*„gŠÄہÝZ ._SgÑzŠZ2Z Cc*gÑU!*{™P
‰Ü Zƒ"$
XŠHc*0*7tÛ ãZz~yDgSyéyŠ [Ž

REFERENCES

1- John W. Best, "Research in Education" New Delhi, Printing Hall of India, 1996,
p.277
2- G. Terry Page and J.B. Thomas, "International Dictionary of Education" London,
Kogan Page, 1991, p.335
3- L.R. Gay, "Educational Research" MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, 1992,
p.376
4- George Theodorson and G. Theodorson, "A Modern Dictionary of Sociology",
Barnes and Noble Books, New York, 1997, p.435
5- Hyman, H.H., "Survey Design and Analysis" Beverly Hills, C.A Glencos Press,
1968, p.174
6- L.R. Gay, "Educational Research" MacMillan Publishing Co., New York, 1992,
 16

pp.379-380
7- Ibid, p.381
///
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153