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What is blade loading and how is

it specified?
ADT Jul 26, 2017 · 3 min read

In TURBOdesign1 the design is based on a distribution of swirl velocity or

rVθ. In practice the rVθ distribution is not specified directly but through the
specification of ∂rVθ/∂m, which directly relates to the pressure loading on
the blade. For example, in incompressible potential flow:

where:
B : blade number
ρ : density
Wmbl : average of meridional velocity across the blade
r : radius
rVθ : circumferentially mean tangential velocity
m : meridional distance

To fully define the blade loading specification for a given design we

follow 3 steps:

Impose rVθ spanwise distribution at the INLET section

Impose rVθ spanwise distribution at the OUTLET section

Impose ∂rVθ/∂m distribution on streamwise sections inside the blade

Step 1: Impose rVθ spanwise distribution at the INLET section

Spanwise distribution of rVθ is specified based on exit swirl distribution

from the upstream blade row. In the absence of any blade row zero swirl
distribution is specified.

Step 2: Impose rVθ spanwise distribution at the OUTLET section

where:

r : local radius
Vθ: tangential velocity

The exit rVθ is directly related to:

Work input coefficient (rotor): W=ω(r2Vθ2 — r1Vθ1)

Spanwise work distribution (rotor)

Outlet flow conditions (stator)

Step 3: Impose ∂rVθ/∂m (blade loading) inside the blade

How do I choose the optimum blade loading distribution?

The optimum blade loading distribution to control given aspects of the 3D

flow field has strong generality across designs. The below publications give
an introduction to the typical blade loadings used in some common
applications. For information related to your specific application, our team
is on hand to answer your questions to talk with you about it

Secondary flow suppression for centrifugal impellers

Secondary flows are reduced by specifying fore-loading at the shroud and

rear-loading at the hub. This type of loading has been found to be
applicable to both pumps and centrifugal compressors. Zangeneh et al
(1998).

Suppression of corner separation in vaned diffusers

For 3D diffuser design, users typically specify fore-loading at the hub and
aft-loading at the shroud. This type of loading helps to remove corner
separation in both pump vaned bowl diffusers and centrifugal compressor
vaned diffusers. Goto and Zangeneh (1998).

Improving pump suction performance whilst maintaining

performance

A blade loading distribution in which there is little shroud loading in the

first 10% of chord followed by fore-loading results in good suction
performance and efficiency. This type of loading has been found to have
generality across a wide range of pump sizes and specific speeds. Bonaiuti
et al (2010).

Turbofan Blade 3d Design 3d Centrifugal Pump

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