Name: 1.

MUHAMMAD AZRUL BIN MOHAMAD RIDZUAN (56213117156)

2. MOHAMAD AMIRUL BIN MOHD ASRI (56213117158)

Title: Project Task/Mini Project (Implementation of smart antennas)

1.0 Introduction

Nowadays, the high-speed data rate from consumer was highly demand due to the
high usage of data transmission for many types of applications like gaming, streaming audio,
and video.(Rappaport, 2002) So, as a solution for the rises problem is by using MIMO-
OFDM (Multiple Input Multiple Output -Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). With the
MIMO-OFDM system, it will increase the link capacity by simultaneously transmitting multiple
data streams using multiple transmitters and receive antennas.(Van Nee et al., 2006) So
that, it is possible to reach higher data rates without need to employ a larger bandwidth or a
less power consumption.(Misra, 2012)

2.0 Block diagram of MIMO-OFDM system

3.0 Discussion and result

3.1 Result

Figure 1:Input Signal [1010]

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 Figure 2: Time interleaving and subcarriers signal for different antennas STBC

• Signal antenna 1 [1010]

• Signal antenna 2 [0101]

• Signal antenna 3 [1010]

• Signal antenna 4 [0001]

Figure 3: Encode signal

Figure 4: QPSK modulated signal

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 Figure 5: Time domain signals for OFDM-QPSK

Figure 6: Time domain signals for OFDM QPSK

Figure 7: Signal go through FFT and OFDM (Frequency domain back to Time domain)

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 Figure 8: Demodulated Signals

Figure 9: Output signal

Figure 10: Modulated signal with ICI and non-ICI

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3.2. Discuss the OFDM Parameters Standard and MIMO Capacity.
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) parameters standard

 Data rate – The data rates values for OFDM is 6,18,24,36 and 54Mbps it helps the
fast data transfers.
 Modulation – The 4 type of modulation that normally use in OFDM is BPSK,
QPSK,16-QAM,64-QAM to provide much higher spectral efficiencies.
 IFFT size – The inverse Fourier transform size for OFDM is 64 for easier to convert
signal in time domain to frequency domain.
MIMO Capacity

 MIMO system is using multiple antennas at transmitter and receiver. So that, this
method will give an advantage to the MIMO system, which mean the greater number
of antennas used, the higher data speed will system be operate.
 Regarding to that, MIMO can add data carrying capacity without requiring additional
bandwidth through spatial multiplexing and it is offering the advantage of
channelizing the space and each of the channel can become independent. Although
the spatial channels are not practical it can increase data rate within same bandwidth
3.3. Explain the type of modulator and demodulator used to produce better system in
wireless signal transmission.

 Type of modulator and demodulator used is an Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing (OFDM) modulator and demodulator.
 In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) there are less error occurred
between overlapping because it has Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) and
Cyclic Prefix (CP) that convert signal in time domain into the frequency domain.
Cyclic Prefix (CP) also use to mitigate the error such as noise and interference during
conversion. So that, by using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
modulator and demodulator the signal transmission will be more efficient and
become channel equalization become simpler.
3.4. Present the Expected Output from the system.

Figure 11: Example of expected output from the system

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 Figure 12: Modulated signal with ICI and non-ICI

Figure 1 above show the example of expected output from the system and figure 2
represent the output result for smart antennas by using matlab software. The different of the
output in figure 1 and figure 2 is the bit error rate (BER). In figure 2, the result presents the
bit error rate (BER) performance. Bit error rate (BER) values in figure 2 are less compare to
figure 1. This is because of increasing number of antennas will increase the bit error rate
(BER). Thus, the number of errors will reduce, and the performance of the smart antennas is
more reliable and highly have data speed compare to figure 1.

4.0 Produce MIMO-OFDM Standards and Applications embedded with the latest
technology for receiver system model.

 IEEE 802.11n (MIMO) systems – Used in the Radar system application

 IEEE 802.16a(WiMAX) systems – Use to provide 4G levels of Broadband Wireless
Access for both mobile and fixed applications

5.0 Commercial potential

1. Value proposition

 First is a beam control that can electronically guide the directivity of RF energy to a
single recipient and disregard the remaining space. So, the device will probably
detect the user anywhere the user is situated.
 Second is the high efficiency data rate signal transmission due to the component that
has been implemented to convert the signal transmission, it can eliminate error and
make the system more robust.


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2. Customer Segment

 Our target customer is service provider such as Celcom, Umobile and Digi. By
offering the highly data rate signal transmission, our system will help the
telecommunications companies improve their services to their users.

3. Channels

 Channels that we used to launch our system is through the innovation competition.
By participating in an innovation competition, we can show the advantage and
marketability of the system to the public and the telecommunications companies
directly with the users.

Conclusion

As a conclusion, by studying the basic principle of a MIMO-OFDM system with

relevant design and performance parameters in theoretical and practical, student can design
multiple antenna system for high data rate signal transmission. Secondly, student able to
apply OFDM Techniques to reduce multipath Rayleigh Fading Channel by improving the
FDM into the OFDM to maximizing the bandwidth with the usage. So that, by using the
OFDM techniques student able to reduce the error which is multipath Rayleigh Fading.
Lastly, student also able to evaluate the performance of modulator that used in the wireless
system by analysing final graph of Bits Error Rate(BER) versus Signal Noise Ratio(SNR)
and comparing input data and output data of MIMO-OFDM systems

References

Misra, S. (2012). Wireless Communications" (Molisch, A.; 2011) [Book review]. In IEEE
Wireless Communications (Vol. 19). https://doi.org/10.1109/mwc.2012.6155869
Rappaport. (2002). Rappaport - Wireless Communications,Principles and Practice (pp. 268–
583). pp. 268–583.
Van Nee, R., Jones, V. K., Awater, G., Van Zelst, A., Gardner, J., & Steele, G. (2006). The
802.11n MIMO-OFDM standard for wireless LAN and beyond. Wireless Personal
Communications, 37(3–4), 445–453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-006-9073-2