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PIP PCCTE001
Temperature Measurement Criteria
PURPOSE AND USE OF PROCESS INDUSTRY PRACTICES
In an effort to minimize the cost of process industry facilities, this Practice has
been prepared from the technical requirements in the existing standards of major
industrial users, contractors, or standards organizations. By harmonizing these technical
requirements into a single set of Practices, administrative, application, and engineering
costs to both the purchaser and the manufacturer should be reduced. While this Practice
is expected to incorporate the majority of requirements of most users, individual
applications may involve requirements that will be appended to and take precedence over
this Practice. Determinations concerning fitness for purpose and particular matters or
application of the Practice to particular project or engineering situations should not be
made solely on information contained in these materials. The use of trade names from
time to time should not be viewed as an expression of preference but rather recognized as
normal usage in the trade. Other brands having the same specifications are equally
correct and may be substituted for those named. All practices or guidelines are intended
to be consistent with applicable laws and regulations including OSHA requirements. To
the extent these practices or guidelines should conflict with OSHA or other applicable
laws or regulations, such laws or regulations must be followed. Consult an appropriate
professional before applying or acting on any material contained in or suggested by the
Practice.
PIP PCCTE001
Temperature Measurement Criteria
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
1.1 Purpose
The purpose of this Practice is to provide design criteria for the equipment
selection, system design, and installation of temperature instrumentation.
1.2 Scope
This Practice specifies requirements for design and installation of temperature
measurement instrumentation. Installation details are addressed in other Process
Industry Practices (PIP) documents.
2. References
Applicable requirements in the latest edition (or the edition indicated) of the following
industry standards and references shall be considered an integral part of this Practice.
Short titles will be used herein when appropriate.
3. Technical Requirements
3.1 Data
3.1.1 A data set shall be provided for each temperature instrument. The data set
can be electronic or hard copy format.
3.1.2 ISA S20.10, ISA S20.11, ISA S20.12, ISA S20.13, and ISA S20.14
Specification Forms define the minimum data set.
4. Thermowells
4.1 Thermowells (TWs) connection type (welded, screwed, or flanged) shall match the
applicable Piping Specification.
4.2 TW material shall be 316 SS unless the process requires other material of
construction.
4.3 Consult a materials specialist for “weld-in” TWs on piping above
650° F.
5. Thermocouples
5.1 Thermocouples (TCs) shall be fabricated with 18 gauge wire minimum, in hard
packed magnesium oxide insulation with 1/4-inch OD 316 SS sheath, epoxy-
potted extension wire exit from sheath, and grounded hot junction per PIP
PCFTE004.
Comment: Inconel sheath and high temperature insulation is required for
applications above 600o F.
5.2 TCs shall comply with ISA MC96.1 and ASTM E230 for TC types B, E, J, K, R,
S, and T.
6.1 Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs) shall use a 100 ohm platinum element
(resistance measured at 0° C) wound on a ceramic or glass core, hermetically
sealed and manufactured in accordance with IEC 60751, Class B.
6.2 RTDs shall comply with the IEC 60751 (equivalent to DIN 43760) temperature
coefficient of 0.00385 ohms per ohm per degree Celsius.
6.3 RTDs shall be enclosed in a 1/4-inch OD 316 SS protection sheath, with an epoxy
sealed transition piece and copper lead wire to a weatherproof head. RTDs shall
be fabricated with 18 gauge wire minimum, in hard packed magnesium oxide
insulation.
Comment: Inconel sheath and high temperature insulation is required for
applications above 600o F.
6.4 RTDs shall use insulated nickel or nickel alloy wire from the platinum element to
the epoxy sealed transition piece where the copper wires shall be attached by
welding or soldering. Crimped connections are not acceptable.
6.5 RTDs shall have the 3 lead wire design; 4 wire RTDs are acceptable for special
applications.
6.6 Wire insulation shall be color coded per ISA.
7. Temperature Transmitters
8.1 Stand alone electronic indicators (indicators that receive a temperature element as
a direct input) shall have the following characteristics:
1. Receive either TC or RTD signals
2. Direct readout in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius
3. Circuitry that provides a linearized readout
8.2 Instruments with TC input(s) shall incorporate cold junction compensation and
automatic TC burnout detection.
9. Indicating Thermometers
9.2 Thermometers shall have a minimum accuracy of plus or minus 1.0% of the scale
span.
9.3 Indicating thermometers shall be designed to install into a TW with a 0.10 inch
clearance between the thermometer stem and the TW inside diameter. The stem
length of thermometers shall be selected to bottom out in the TW in which they are
to be installed.
9.4 Bimetallic thermometers shall have the following characteristics:
1. Single or multiple helix measuring element contained in a dampening fluid
2. Minimum 5-inch diameter dial face with a nonglare white finish and black
or contrasting color markings
3. Stainless steel, every angle weatherproof case with bezel ring
4. 1/4-inch OD protection tube
5. Hexagonal head or wrench flats
6. Industry standard length
7. Display temperature units (°F and/or °C)
10.1 Filled thermal element transmitters and controllers are not recommended. Use of
filled thermal systems requires owner’s approval.
10.2 Owner approval is required for the use of any direct actuated (e.g., capillary or
bimetal) temperature switch.
10.3 Use of self-actuated temperature regulators requires owner’s approval.
11.1 TWs shall be located a minimum of ten (10) diameters downstream of the mixing
point for liquids.
11.2 TWs shall be located a minimum of 30 diameters downstream of the mixing point
for gases or desuperheaters.
11.3 TWs mounted in horizontal vessels shall have at least an 18-inch insertion length;
however, insertion length shall not exceed 1/2 the vessel diameter.
Exception: Special requirements such as agitated vessels may require shorter
TW installations.
11.4 See PIP PCIEL000 for temperature instrument electrical connections.
11.5 See PIP PNF0200 for TW connections to piping.