EZ MICHAEL T.

YUCOR
ITS 142 MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM - Assignment # 2

1. What is a Graphics?
GRAPHICS - the products of the graphic arts, especially commercial design or illustration.
- the use of diagrams in calculation and design.

2. Give the elements of Graphic Design and explain each.

*Lines - are always more than just points that are strung together. Depending on their form, weight,
length and context, lines can help organize information, define shapes, imply movement, and convey
emotions.

*Shapes - are best understood as areas, forms or figures contained by a boundary or closed outline.

*Texture - is the feel of a surface furry, smooth, rough, soft, gooey or glossy. Most graphic designers
must visually convey texture by using illusions to suggest how their work might feel if viewers could
touch it.

*Color - can be a useful tool for communicating a mood or provoking an emotional response from your
viewer.

*Type - Whether you’re choosing a font or creating your own typography for a graphic design project,
it’s important to make sure the type you use is legible and appropriate for your subject. Type affects
the overall mood of a design, so consider whether your letters should be print or script, and whether
they should have angles that are sharp or rounded.

*Spacing - is a vital part of any designer’s toolkit. It can give a design breathing room, increase its visual
impact, balance out heavier visual elements, and emphasize images or messages that viewers should
remember. Without enough space, a design can risk becoming too visually cluttered for your audience
to understand.

*Image - whether graphic designers use photographs or illustrations, they rely on images to grab the
audience’s attention and express specific messages. An image works on multiple levels simultaneously:
It provides context for a designer’s communication, adds necessary drama or action, and creates an
overall mood.

3. Give the Principles of Graphic Design and explain each.

*Balance - refers to the distribution of the graphic design elements, such as shapes, text boxes and
images, of a design evenly throughout a certain layout. Designers can choose between a balanced
(stable) design or off-balanced (dynamic) layout. In the context of graphic design, balance is of three
types.

*Alignment - this fundamental aspect of a design which creates a visual connection between elements
such as images, shapes or blocks of texts. Alignment helps develop a sharp and ordered appearance by
eliminating any distortion within the layout. It represents the scale of each element by comparing their
proportion and focusing on the elements that can have a strong impact on users.
 *Hierarchy - this method combines two aspects, dominance and priority, giving extra weight to certain
elements of a design over others. It helps brands convey their message to the audience by focusing on
a particular element of the design.

*Contrast - is an important principle in any form of visual art as it guides the customer’s attention to
the key elements of a design. It is essential for maintaining the distinction between similar elements in
a design, thereby enhancing a layout’s overall legibility. Contrast is formed when design elements are
placed in opposition on a layout.

*Rhythm - brings together different elements to create a more organized and consistent look.
Repetition of certain elements such as logos or color can help make a brand easily recognizable and
strengthen the overall look.

*Proximity - helps in decluttering the overall design by creating a relationship between related
elements. It forms a visual connection among important design factors such as color, font, type or size,
ensuring the layout is balanced to form a perfect design. It enables the audience to have a pleasant
overview of what they are looking at, thereby offering a good user experience.

*Color and Space - choosing the right color can help define the tone of the design. Designers can
choose from a wide range of color combinations for the background and text of the layout. Space
refers to the area around or between the various elements of the design. It can either be used to
create shapes or highlight the important aspects of a design. Graphic designers use a color palette to
choose colors that can create contrast or even work together to complement other elements.

4. Give the File Extension of a Graphics Design and Explain each

*JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) – are raster images and are composed of hundreds and
hundreds of tiny pixels. They are known as “lossy” files because when a JPEG is created, to maintain a
smaller file size, some unnecessary information is permanently deleted or lost. Think of it like taking a
photocopy of your favorite picture, the photocopy still looks like the original photo, but some of the
original data is lost. Likewise, because the information in a JPEG is limited, they cannot be made larger
once they are a certain size.

*PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - were designed as a more open alternative to GIFs. One of the
factors that make a PNG stand out most is that they support transparency. This allows you to have a
transparent background on a logo file, instead of the file having a white background that cannot be
altered.

*SVG - is a vector-based file and is used to display a variety of graphics, primarily on the web. Due to its
nature as a vector, SVG’s are great for their flexibility and versatility that goes beyond the abilities of
other web safe files.

*GIF (Graphical Interchange Format) - are commonly used in the digital space, where images need to
load quickly: like digital banner ads, websites, or emails. Rather than using a high-resolution image,
many GIFs retain their most basic form of 256 colors in RGB.
 *TIFF - is a large raster file that does not lose quality—all of the original data is maintained no matter
how many times you copy, re-save, or compress the file. You may have used TIFFs in Photoshop or
Lightroom, or received an Adobe prompt to save as a TIFF over a PSD.

*PSD (Photoshop Document) - Some PSD files contain just a single image, but the common use involves
multiple images, objects, text, filters, and more, stored in layers within the Adobe Photoshop file. This
allows the user to work with those individual layers, even after saving the file.

*EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) - is a vector-based file that is designed to create high-resolution

graphics for use in print. Many kinds of design software create EPS files because they are a universal
file type, which gives them a great advantage. Creators are not limited to a single program to create,
unlike with AI files, and can share and edit across multiple design programs.

*AI (Adobe Illustrator Artwork file) - is a single-page vector-based graphic file. AI files are composed of
paths connected by points to create graphics. AI files are commonly used to create logos and printed
assets. A great advantage to AI files is that they are flexible vector-based files, allowing them to be
resized without losing quality.

5. Explain what is a raster and a vector.

*Raster images - are composed of pixels and have a defined proportion determined by their
resolution. This means if they were created at a certain size, that size cannot be stretched or altered
without compromising quality or becoming distorted. You should always save raster files at the size
they are intended for use to maintain their resolution integrity. Standard raster files are JPEG, PNG,
and GIF.

*Vector images are composed of proportional formulas, rather than having a defined proportion or a
set number of pixels. This makes vector files very “flexible,” and it is helpful to know if you need to
create a graphic that requires any kind of resizing — like a logo that is used on a business card or even
as a bus wrap! Common vector files are EPS, AI, and PDF.