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Common Tone Modulation

Common Tone Common tone modulation is a type of modulation where there is a


Modulation pivot note instead of a pivot chord.

It usually modulates to a key that is a 3rd away from the tonic.

Generally, one note from the tonic chord of the original key is held and
becomes a note in the tonic chord of the new key.

Mozart, Fantasia, K. 475

Brahms, Symphony no. 4, op. 98, II (piano arrangement)


Summary: Common tone modulation connects two foreign keys that
are separated by an interval of a 3rd (mediant relationship).

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