ECS 238

ECS226
BASIC SOLID
SOLID MECHANICS
MECHANICS

CHAPTER 3:
TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS

BY
AIMI MUNIRAH BINTI JALILLUDDIN
WEEK 12 & 13
 CONTENTS
1 Learning Outcomes

2 Introduction

3 CHAPTER 3: Torsion of Circular Shafts

a Torsion Formula

b Shear Stress in Circular Shafts

c Polar Moment of Inertia

d Angle of Twist
 CHAPTER 3
TORSION OF CIRCULAR SHAFTS
i.e. Determinate &
Indeterminate Shafts
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, the student will able to:

 Explain the meaning of torsion, stress and

deformations. (CO4:PO1)

 Calculate the angle of twist for determinate and

indeterminate circular shafts (CO4:PO3)

 Analysis and design of determinate as well as

the indeterminate (solid / hollow) circular shafts
subjected to twisting couples, or torques by
applying the torsion formulas (CO4:PO3)
INTRODUCTION
SIMPLE TORSION THEORY
 SIGN CONVENTION
 Sign convention for both torque and angle of twist
 positive if (right hand) thumb directs outward from
the shaft
TORSION OF DETERMINATE UNIFORM & NON-
UNIFORM SHAFT (SOLID & HOLLOW SECTIONS)
 In the case of diameters of different lengths of shaft vary, it is
necessary to consider the shafts in different parts by cutting
the shaft by appropriate section numbers. The torsion force
acting on each shaft diameter can be determine using the
statics equilibrium.

Non-uniform
shaft subjected to
torsion forces

T1
T2
• Sign Conventions : Clockwise torsion -ve
Anticlockwise torsion +ve
 EXAMPLE 1
DETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT
SOLUTION
 EXAMPLE 2
DETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT

the angle of twist of end A.

SOLUTION
 EXAMPLE 3
DETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT

A solid steel shaft is loaded as shown in Figure below.

Using G = 80GPa, determine the required shearing
stress at each segment. Hence, calculate the
maximum angle of twist. Given the diameter is 60mm.
 SOLUTION
1. FBD

2. Calculate internal
torque
 SOLUTION
3. Torque Distribution
Diagram

4. Calculate Shear
Stress
 SOLUTION
5. Angle of Twist
 EXAMPLE 1
INDETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT

The solid steel shaft shown in Fig. 5–23a has a diameter

of 20 mm. If it is subjected to the two torques,
determine the reactions at the fixed supports A and B.
 SOLUTION
 It is seen that the problem is statically indeterminate since there is
only one available equation of equilibrium and there are 2
unknowns
Mx  0
 Tb  800  500  TA  0 (1)

 Since the ends of the shaft are fixed, the angle of twist of one end of
the shaft with respect to the other must be zero.

A/ B  0
 SOLUTION
 Using the sign convention established,

 TB 0.2 800  TB 1.5 300  TB 0.3

  0
JG JG JG
TB  645 N  m (Ans)

 Using Eq. 1,

TA  345 N  m

 The negative sign indicates that acts

in the opposite direction of that shown
in Fig. 5–23b.
 EXAMPLE 2
INDETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT

A shaft composed of segments AC, CD and DB is

fastened to rigid supports and loaded as shown in
Figure. For bronze, G = 35GPa, aluminium, G = 28GPa
and steel, G = 83GPa. Determine the maximum
shearing stress developed in each segment.
 SOLUTION
1. FBD

2. Calculate
internal torque
 SOLUTION
3. Find Ta & Td
 SOLUTION
4. Find internal
torque

5. Shear stress
 EXAMPLE 3
INDETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT
SOLUTION
 EXAMPLE 4
INDETERMINATE CIRCULAR SHAFT
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
TUTORIAL
TUTORIAL
TUTORIAL
THE END